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Day 1: Canadian Citizenship Information Session
| Date post: | 08-May-2015 |
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Day 1: Canadian Citizenship
Information Session
Contents
Day 1: Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship
Canadian Citizenship Study Guide Page 8 – 9
Who We Are Canadian Citizenship Study Guide Page 10 – 13
Canada’s History Canadian Citizenship Study Guide Page 14 – 23
Modern Canada Canadian Citizenship Study Guide Page 24 – 27
Rights and Responsibilities
Canadian citizens have rights and responsibilities
They reflect our shared traditions, identity and values.
They come to us from our history and are secured by Canadian law
Page 8 Study Guide
Sources of Canadian law
• Parliament• Provincial legislature• English common law• Civil code of France• Unwritten constitution - inherited
from Great Britain
Page 8 Study Guide
The Magna Carta
Signed in 1215 in England Guarantees Canadian Citizens the
following : Freedom of conscience and religion Freedom of thought, belief, opinion and
expression, including freedom of speech and of the press
Freedom of peaceful assembly Freedom of association
Page 8 Study Guide
The Constitution of Canada
Revised in 1982 - to include Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
The Canadian Charter begins: “Whereas Canada is founded upon principles
that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law”
Page 8 Study Guide
The Canadian Charter of Rights
The Charter promises Canadian citizens the following: Mobility Rights Aboriginal Peoples’ Rights Official Language Rights and Minority
Language Educational Rights Multiculturalism
Page 8 Study Guide
An Example of Canadian Law
Habeas corpus The right to challenge unlawful detention
by the state. This law comes from the English common
law
Page 8 Study Guide
An example of Canadian rights
Equality In Canada, men and women are equal
under the law
Page 9 Study Guide
Citizenship Responsibilities
Obeying the law No person or group is above the law
Taking responsibility for yourself and your family For example: getting a job
Serving on a jury you are legally required to serve on a jury
when called to do so
Page 9 Study Guide
Citizenship Responsibilities Voting
A right to vote comes with a responsibility to vote in federal, provincial and local (municipal) elections
Helping others in the community For example: volunteering
Protecting and enjoying our heritage and environment For example: avoiding waste and
pollution, saving the environment for future generations Page 9
Study Guide
Who We Are The founding peoples of Canada:
The Aboriginals The French The British
Page 10
Study Guide
Aboriginal Peoples
The Inuit – meaning “the people” live in small, scattered communities across the Arctic
The Métis – are of Aboriginal and European backgrounds. They speak their own dialect of French and
English, called Michif Many of them live in the Prairie provinces
Indian (First Nation) – refers to all Aboriginal people who are not Inuit or Métis. In the 1970s, the term First Nations began to
be used instead of Indian Page 10
Study Guide
The French The Acadians
Came from French Colonies Began settling in the Maritime province in
1604 During the war between France and Britain
(1755-1763) many more came to Canada Quebecers are people of Quebec
Most came from the French settlers that arrived during the 1600s and 1700s
Most of them speak French Page 11
Study Guide
The French In 2006, the House of Commons
recognized that the Quebecois form a nation within Canada
There are 7 million people in Canada who speak French as their first language (Known as Francophones) Most live in Quebec
New Brunswick is the only official bilingual province
Page 11
Study Guide
The British English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish settlers
immigrated to Canada from 1600s to the 20th century They set up the way of life in English
speaking areas of Canada In Canada, 18 million people speak English
as their first language (Known as Anglophones)
Page 12
Study Guide
Diversity in Canada Canada is often called the “land of
immigrants” Over the past 200 years, millions of
newcomers have helped build and defend Canada
Since 1970 most newcomers are from Asian countries
Most Canadians are Christians Of those most follow the Catholic religion
Page 12
Study Guide
Canada’s History
The arrival of European traders, missionaries, soldiers, and settlers changed life for the Natives
The very first Europeans to set up a colony in Canada were Vikings from Iceland They had settlements in Labrador and
Newfoundland John Cabot was the first explorer to reach
Canada’s east coast in 1497
Page 14
Study Guide
Exploration, Naming Canada Jacques Cartier crossed the Atlantic 3 times
between 1534 and 1542 to claim the land for France
Cartier heard the word “kanata” (meaning village in Iroquois) The name “Canada” began to appear on
maps by the 1550s
Page 14
Study Guide
Royal New France (Quebec)
In 1608 Samuel de Champlain: Built a fortress where Quebec City is
today and set up a French colony (New France)
After fighting for many years, the French and Iroquois worked together in the fur-trade business
Page 15
Study Guide
Struggle For A Continent
1670: King Charles II of England gave the Hudson’s Bay Company the private rights to use the watershed draining into Hudson Bay for their fur-trade
The skilled men who travelled by canoe were called voyageurs and coureurs des bois They formed a strong alliances with the
First Nations
Page 15
Study Guide
Struggle For A Continent Cont’d The English settlements along the Atlantic
became richer and more populated than New France 1700s - France and Great Britain battled for
control of North America 1759 - the British defeated the French in the
Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec City
Great Britain then renamed New France “the Province of Quebec” 1774 - Britain passed the “Quebec Act” Page
15 Study Guide
United Empire Loyalists
1776 - 13 British colonies south of Quebec declared independence and formed the United States
During the American Revolution, more than 40,000 returned; they were called “Loyalists”
Joseph Brant led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada
The Loyalists settled in Quebec and Nova Scotia
Page 15
Study Guide
United Empire Loyalists Monument Main St E in Hamilton
The Beginnings of Democracy
The first representative assembly was elected in Nova Scotia in 1758
Prince Edward Island was next in 1773 Then New Brunswick in 1785
Page 16
Study Guide
Beginning of Democracy Cont’d
In 1791, The Constitutional Act divided Quebec into Upper Canada (Ontario as we know it) and Lower Canada (Quebec as we know it)
Upper Canada was mainly Loyalist, Protestant and English speaking
Lower Canada was mainly Catholic and French speaking
Page 16
Study Guide
Slavery in Canada 1793 - Lieutenant Governor John Graves
Simcoe started to try and stop slavery in Upper Canada
Thousands of slaves escaped from the United States by following “the North Star” using the “Underground Railroad”
1833 - Slavery was ended in Canada
Page 16
Study Guide
The War of 1812 The British Royal Navy “ruled” the sea The Americans resented the British for
interfering with their shipping June of 1812 the U.S. declared war on
Britain and invaded Canada (thinking Canada would be easy to defeat)
Page 17
Study Guide
Rebellions of 1837-38 In the 1830s, reformers in Upper and Lower
Canada felt the move toward full democracy was too slow
Some thought Canada should take on American Republican values
Some suggested Canada even join the U.S. However the rebels were defeated by
British troops and Canadian volunteers
Page 17
Study Guide
Responsible Government 1840 - Upper and Lower Canada were
once again united – this time as the Province of Canada
Between 1847 and 1848 - Nova Scotia became the first British North American colony to achieve full responsible government
1849 - La Fontaine was the first leader of a responsible government
Page 18
Study Guide
Confederation
From 1864-1867 representatives of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Province of Canada worked together to form a new country
These representatives are known as the “Fathers of Confederation”
They created two levels of government Provincial and Federal
Page 18
Study Guide
Confederation Cont’d
The Province of Canada was split into two new provinces: Ontario and Quebec
Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick formed the new country: called the Dominion of Canada
The British North America Act passed in 1867 The Dominion of Canada officially became a
country on July 1, 1867 - birth of Canada
Page 18
Study Guide
Canada’s First Prime Minister
Known as Sir John A. Macdonald January 11 is known as Sir John A.
Macdonald day His picture is on the Canadian $10.00 bill
Page 19
Study Guide
The West 1869 - Canada took over the huge
northwest area from the Hudson’s Bay Company.
To protect the rights of the Metis, Louis Riel seized Fort Garry, the territorial capital
1870 - Ottawa sent soldiers to retake Fort Garry
Louis Riel fled to the U.S. and Canada established a new province: Manitoba
Page 19
Study Guide
The West Cont’d In 1873 Prime Minister Macdonald formed
the North West Mounted Police to help bring peace to the West and the Metis.
They are now known as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Page 19
Study Guide
A Railway from Sea to Sea In 1871 - British Columbia joined Canada,
after Ottawa promised to build a railway to the West Coast
The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was paid for by British and American investors and built by European and Chinese labourers
On November 7, 1885 Donald Smith (Lord Strathcona) hammered the last spike to finish the CPR “ribbons of steel”
Page 20
Study Guide
Moving Westward The railway allowed for immigrants from
the Ukraine, Poland, Germany, France, Norway and Sweden to settle in the West and develop a successful farming community
During the 1890s and early 1900s, one million British and one million Americans immigrated to Canada
Page 20
Study Guide
Sir Wilfrid Laurier
Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier encouraged immigration to the West
Sir Wilfrid Laurier is the Canadian $5.00
Page 20
Study Guide
Time Line of Provinces and Territories
1867 - Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick
1870 - Manitoba, Northwest Territories 1871 - British Columbia Between 1873 and 1949 - Prince Edward
Island, “Arctic Islands”, Yukon Territory, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland (and Labrador)
1999 - Nunavut (last to join)
Page 19
Study Guide
World War I
Ottawa formed the Canadian Expeditionary Force (later the Canadian Corps)
More than 600,000 Canadians served The Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge
in April 1917 securing Canada’s reputation for valour
Page 21
Study Guide
World War I cont’d The first world war ended after Germany
and Austria surrendered and the Armistice was signed, on November 11, 1918
60,000 Canadians were killed and 170,000 injured
Page 21
Study Guide
Women Get the Vote During confederation
Only adult white males who owned property could vote
Women’s suffrage movement – women’s right to vote
The leader of the movement in Canada was Emily Stowe – the first Canadian woman to practice medicine in Canada
In 1916 – Manitoba became the first province to grant voting rights to women Page
21 Study Guide
Women Get the Vote Cont’d In 1917 - Prime Minister Robert Borden
gave women the right to vote in Federal elections First to nurses serving in the war Then to women who were related to men
who were on duty in the war By 1918 - most Canadian female citizens
21 years and over had the right to vote in federal elections
1921 - Agnes MacPhail became the first female member of parliament
1940 - Quebec granted women the right to vote
Page 21
Study Guide
Between the Wars 1920s were known as the “Roaring
Twenties” The stock market crashed in 1929, leading
to “the Great Depression” The government was pressured to create a
social safety net with minimum wage, standard work week and unemployment insurance
The Bank of Canada was created in 1934
Page 22
Study Guide
World War II Began in 1939 when Adolf Hitler of
Germany invaded Poland and took control of most of Europe
More than one million Canadians served in WW II
44,000 Canadians were killed Canadians took part in D-Day June 6, 1944
Page 23
Study Guide
Modern Canada 1947 - Oil was discovered in Alberta and
began Canada’s energy industry 1945-1970 - the economy grew 1951 - After the war, a majority of Canadians
were able to afford food, shelter and clothing 1940 - Employment Insurance 1927 - Old Age Security 1965 - Canadian and Quebec Pension Plans Canada is part of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) and the United Nations (UN) Page
24 Study Guide
Canadian Achievements In 1891 - James Naismith invented
Basketball Wayne Gretzky is famous for playing for
the Edmonton Oilers from 1979 to 1988. In 1980 - Terry Fox who lost his leg to
cancer began a cross country run, “the Marathon of Hope” to raise money for cancer research He is a Canadian Hero
Page 26
Study Guide
Discoveries and Inventions Alexander Graham Bell – the telephone Matthew Evans and Henry Woodward –
invented the first electric light bulb (sold patent to Thomas Edison)
Dr John Hopps – invented the first cardiac pacemaker
Sir Frederick Banting – discovered insulin (used to treat diabetics) saving 16 million people world wide
Canadian Space Agency – Canadarm, a robotic arm used in outer space
Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie – CEO’s of Research in Motion (RIM)
Page 27
Study Guide
Day 1: Conclusion Comments, questions?
Please visit our blog or e-mail us with any comments or questions:
hplcitizenship.blogspot.ca
Day 2: Canadian Citizenship
Information Session
ContentsDay 2: How Canadians Govern Themselves
Canadian Citizenship Study Guide Page 28 - 29
Federal Elections – Voting Procedurals Canadian Citizenship Study Guide Page 30 - 33
The Justice System Canadian Citizenship Study Guide Page 36 - 37
Canadian Symbols Canadian Citizenship Study Guide Page 38 - 41
Canada’s Economy Canadian Citizenship Study Guide Page 42 - 43
Canada’s Regions Canadian Citizenship Study Guide Page 44 - 51
How Canadian Govern Themselves Three key facts about Canada’s system of
government: Our country is a federal state Parliamentary Democracy Constitutional Monarchy
There are three levels of government in Canada:1) Federal 2) Provincial or Territorial 3) Municipal
Federal State The federal government takes
responsibility for matters of national and international concern
Examples include: Defence, Foreign policy Trades Currency Criminal law
Federal and provinces share jurisdiction over agriculture and immigration
Provincial Provinces are responsible for:
Municipal government Education Health Property Highways
Each province has its own elected Legislative Assembly - like the House of Commons in Ottawa
Parliamentary Democracy The people elect members to the House of
Commons (in Ottawa) and to the provincial and territorial legislatures
The members (representatives) are responsible for: Passing laws Approving/monitoring expenses Keeping the government accountable
Canada’s GovernmentParliament buildings
House of Commons
Parliamentary Democracy Parliament has three parts:
The Sovereign (Queen or King) The Senate The House of Commons
Prime minister selects cabinet ministers House of commons (made up of members elected
by the people) Senators are appointed on advice of prime minister
(can serve until age 75) Both the house of commons and senators review
bills (proposal of new laws)
Constitutional MonarchyThe head of state or governor general - is a hereditary Sovereign
The Sovereign is a part of Parliament with a focus on citizenship and allegiance.
The head of government – the Prime Minister is responsible for the operations and policy of the government
Constitutional Monarchy
The Sovereign is represented in Canada by the Governor General - David Johnston
In each of the provinces, the Sovereign is represented by the Lieutenant Governor
The Governor General is appointed by the Sovereign on advice of the Prime Minister
In Ontario the Lieutenant Governor is David Onley Lt. Governor is appointed by the Governor General Governor General and Lt. Governor serve for about
5 years
Federal Elections Canadians vote in elections for the people
they want to represent them in the House of Commons
Members of the House of Commons are known as Members of Parliament or MPs
Federal elections usually held the on the third Monday in October every 4 years
Federal Elections Cont’d Canada is divided into 308 electoral
districts/ridings Electoral districts – commonly known as
“ridings” Canadian who are 18 years or older may
run in a federal election Districts/ridings are represented by a local
MP The candidate who receives the most votes
becomes the MP for that electoral district
Major Political Parties Liberal Party
Conservative Party
New Democratic Party
The Bloc Quebecois
Voting Once an election is called, voter cards are
mailed These cards list when and where to vote The place you vote is a “polling station” You are eligible to vote in a federal election
if you are: Canadian citizen At least 18 years old On the voters’ list
Voting Procedures If you don’t receive a voter information
card, call Elections Canada On election day go to the polling station
with your voter card and identification Voting is done behind a screened door
Secret ballot – no one has the right to ask how you voted
After polls close every vote is counted and made public through the TV or Radio
After the Election The leader of the political party with the
most seats in the House of Commons forms the government
The leader of this party becomes the Prime Minister
If this party has at least half of the seats in the House of Commons, they have a majority government (less than half; a minority government)
Seats – number of representatives (members of parliament)
After the Election The Prime Minister chooses the Cabinet
ministers Cabinet ministers are responsible for
running federal government departments The Prime Minister and the Cabinet
ministers make decisions on how the country is run
They prepare the budget and propose most new laws
After the Election The other parties not in power are known
as the opposition parties The opposition party with the most
members of the House of Commons is called the Official Opposition
The role of the opposition is to peacefully disagree to improve government proposals
Other Levels of Government in Canada
Municipal government – local (city government)
The council includes: Mayors and councillors or aldermen Example Mayor Bob Bratina (Hamilton) Pass “by laws” affect the local community
Municipalities are responsible for things like: Roads Garbage removal Police Forces
Page 33 has a chart showing all levels of the government in
Canada
The Justice System Canadian justice system guarantees “due
process” The respect of legal rights a person is
entitled to Founded on the presumption of innocence
- everyone is innocent until proven guilty Laws are written rules to guide society Police enforce the laws and keep us safe Courts settle disagreements
Federal, family, traffic and small claims Supreme Court of Canada is the highest
court
Canadian Symbols Canadian Crown – symbol of government National Flag – first raised Feb 15, 2965 red and
white is from the Royal Military College, Kingston
Maple Leaf – first adopted by the French in the 1700s
Coat of Arms and Motto – Expression of national pride, A Mari Usque Ad Mare (from sea to sea)
Parliament Buildings – embody French, English and Aboriginal traditions
Beaver – symbol of Hudson’s Bay Company
Order of Canada and Honors Canada started own system of honours
called the Order of Canada in 1967 The Victoria Cross (V.C.) is the highest
honour available to Canadians – recipients awarded with bravery Examples include: Lt. Alexander Dunn was the first awarded
for serving in the British Army Able Seaman – first African Canadian
awarded for role in the Siege of Lucknow
Popular Sports Hockey
Extremely popular in Canada Developed in the 1800s Is our official Winter Sport
Lacrosse is our official Summer Sport First played by the Aboriginals
Canada’s Economy Always been a trading nation, part of
NAFTA Today Canada is one of the 10 largest
economies Three main types of industries:
Service: involves jobs such as education, healthcare
Manufacturing: products that are sold Natural resources: forestry or agriculture
Main trading partner is the United States, biggest bilateral trading relation in the world
US/CAN Border is the “world’s longest undefended”
Canada’s Regions
The Atlantic Provinces
Ontario and Quebec
The Prairie Provinces
The West Coast
The Northern Territories
How many provinces and territories are
there in Canada?
10 Provinces3 Territories
Canada’s Regions Three oceans:
Pacific (West) Atlantic (East) Arctic (North)
Capital: Ottawa Ontario’s capital: Toronto Our population: about 34 million
Newfoundland and Labrador Has its own time
zone Linked to the sea The oldest colony
of the British Empire
Off shore oil and gas
Hydro-electric resources
Prince Edward Island Is the smallest
province Known for: beaches,
red soil and agriculture and potatoes
Is connected to mainland Canada by one of the longest continuous bridges in the world – the Confederation Bridge (13 km)
Nova Scotia Known for the world’s
highest tides in the Bay of Fundy
History of shipbuilding, fisheries and coal mining
Today off shore oil and gas exploration
Halifax has played an important role in Atlantic trade and defense
Home to Canada’s largest naval base
New Brunswick Largest river
system on North America’s Atlantic coastline, the St. John River system
Only officially bilingual province
Forestry, fishing, mining, food processing and tourism
Quebec Quebec is Canada’s
main producer of pulp and paper
It is Canada’s largest producer of hydroelectricity
Montreal, is Canada’s second largest city and the second largest mainly French-speaking city
Ontario Toronto is the largest
city in Canada and the country’s financial centre
Five Great Lakes: Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan and Lake Superior
Produce a large percent of Canada’s exports
Manitoba Manitoba’s
economy is based on agriculture, mining, and hydro electric power generation
Manitoba is important centre for Ukrainian culture and largest Aboriginal population of any province
Saskatchewan Is the country’s
largest producer of grains and oilseeds
Produces oil and natural gas
Regina, the capital, is home to training academy of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Alberta Has 5 national
parks, including Banff National Park
Lake Louise in the Rocky Mountains
Alberta is the largest producer of oil and gas
Also known as agriculture-for cattle ranches
British Columbia Is Canada’s
westernmost province, with a population of 4 million
Has the most valuable forestry industry in Canada (lumber, newsprint, pulp and paper)
Mining, fishing, fruit and wine
Has 600 provincial parks
Yukon The north is known as
the land of the midnight sun
Thousands of miners came to the Yukon territory during the Gold Rush of 1890’s
Yukon holds the record for the coldest temperature ever recorded in Canada (-63oC)
Northwest Territories The capital,
Yellowknife, is called the “diamond capital of North America”
More than half of the population is Aboriginal
The Mackenzie River at 4,200 km, is the second longest river system in North America after the Mississippi
Nunavut Was established in
1999 The capital is Iqaluit The population is
85% Inuit Inuktitut is an
official language and first language in schools
Good Luck! Conclusion – Day 2 Comments, questions?
Please visit our blog or e-mail us with any comments or questions:
hplcitizenship.blogspot.ca
