CANADIAN SOCIETY DURING THE FRENCH REGIME

(MODULE 2)

Section I: Settlement and Economic Activities of

the Canadian Colony

-Factors Affecting Settlement

-Role & Functioning of the Seigneurial System

-Impact of Economic Diversification

Section I:1. Factors that AFFECTED Settlement

First SettlementsReligious FactorsEconomic FactorsBirthrate &

Immigration Policies

First Settlements

Tadoussac 1600-1610

- First attempt by French to create fur

trading post (settlement).

- Along North Shore of St. Lawrence River.

- Post was too far from main source of

furs.

- Soil in the area poor for farming.

- Outcome: FAILED

Tadoussac Mission

First Settlements cont’d

Port Royal 1605-1607 - Second attempt by French to settle through fur trading post. - Located in Nova Scotia near Bay of Fundy. Fertile soil but….. - Few furs in the area. - Post could not support itself. - Outcome: FAILED…sort of!

Port Royal Post/Settlement

First Settlements cont’d

Quebec 1608 to present! - Champlain selected area along edge of St.Lawrence where the river narrows (a.k.a. Kebec!). - Easier to control water traffic (import / export). - Built fortified trading post: l’ Habitation. Go HABS Go! - Fur rich area to the west of the settlement. - Missionaries arrive to convert Natives 1615. - Fertile soil (Louis Hebert first farmer 1617). - English (Kirke bros.) occupied Quebec 1629-1632. - Carignan-Salieres Regiment sent to defend colony. - Champlain dies in Quebec in 1635. - Outcome: Successful.

Samuel de Champlain Louis Hebert

First Settlements cont’d

• 1627 – French Government wanted a strong colony.

• King of France calls upon Cardinal Richelieu (his chief minister) to set up a central fir trading company = Company of One Hundred Associates.

• The Company was given a trade monopoly and title to French possessions in the St. Lawrence Valley and Acadia.

• In return, company promised to bring 4000 colonists in 15 years and establish missions.

• Not successful because colonists would cut into profit making.

First Settlements cont’d

Trois Rivieres 1634 to present! - Laviolette sent by Champlain to locate new fur trading post 1634. - Important fur trading post (assist in transportation to Quebec’s post). - Missionaries sent to convert Natives.

Trois Rivieres

First Settlements cont’d

Montreal (Ville Marie) 1642 to present! - Societe Notre Dame (SND) created in France to set up mission to convert Natives. - Jerome Le Royer leader of SND. - Paul Chomedy de Maisonneuve led expedition to Ville Marie. - Jeanne Mance set up Hotel Dieu Hospital (1643). - Marguerite Bourgeois opened first school. - Became center of Fur Trade because it was closer to rich fur areas & supply routes (St.Lawr./ Ottawa Rvs). - Outcome: Successful

Paul Chomedy de Maisonneuve Founding Ville Marie

Jeanne Mance Marguerite Bourgeois

Recap: Factors Affecting Settlements

Basis for initial settlement1. Economic: - Fur Trade (FT) attracted the French to St.Lawrence Valley. - Establish Fur Trade network and relationship with Natives. - Quebec (fur trade center) & Trois Rivieres (post closer to fur supplies) founded for economic reasons = FT.

2. Religious: - Religious Mission created to convert Natives.