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CANARIE
“The Customer Empowered Networking Revolution”
http://www.canarie.ca
http://www.canet3.net
Background Papers on Gigabit toThe Home and Optical InternetArchitecture Design AvailableOptical Internet News list:Send e-mail to [email protected]
Outline The Message CANARIE CA*net 3 CA*net 4 Gigabit Internet to the School and Home
The Message In mid 1990s the prevailing wisdom was that commercial sector would drive
design of Internet infrastructure R&E networks would focus on applications or specialized services
As a result in North America R&E networks were commercialized or discontinued e.g NSFnet & CA*net
However new network technologies and most importantly dark fiber is allowing R&E networks to once again redefine telecommunications not only for themselves but also for businesses and most importantly the last mile to the home
R&E networks may become the cornerstone of municipal fiber to the home networks
Over time the current hierarchical “connection oriented” telecom environment will look more like the Internet which is made up of autonomous peering networks.
These new concepts in customer empowered networking are starting in the same place as the Internet started – the university and research community.
Mission: To facilitate the development of Canada’s communications infrastructure and stimulate next generation products, applications and services
Canadian equivalent to Internet 2 and NGI private-sector led, not-for-profit consortium consortium formed 1993 federal funding of $300m (1993-99) total project costs estimated over $600 M currently over 140 members; 21 Board members
CANARIE Inc
GigaPOP
CA*net 3 National Optical Internet
Vancouver
Calgary ReginaWinnipeg
Ottawa
Montreal
Toronto
Halifax
St. John’s
FrederictonCharlottetown
ORAN
BCnet
Netera SRnet MRnet
ONet RISQ
ACORN
ChicagoSTAR TAP
CA*net 3 Primary Route
Seattle
New YorkLos Angeles
CA*net 3 Diverse Route
Deploying a 4 channel CWDM Gigabit Ethernet
network – 400 km
Deploying a 4 channel Gigabit
Ethernet transparent optical DWDM–
1500 km
Multiple Customer Owned Dark Fiber
Networks connecting
universities and schools
16 channel DWDM-8 wavelengths @OC-192 reserved for CANARIE-8 wavelengths for carrier and other customers
Consortium Partners:Bell Nexxia
NortelCisco
JDS UniphaseNewbridge
Condo Dark Fiber Networks
connecting universities and
schools
Condo Fiber Network linking all
universities and hospital
Customer Empowered Networks School boards and municipalities throughout North America are deploying
their own dark fiber networks in partnership with next generation carrier Individual institutions – the customers – own and control their own strands
of fiber Fiber are configured in point to point private networks; or Connect to local ISP or carrier hotel
Low cost LAN architectures and optics are used to light the fiber Control and management of the optics and wavelengths is under the domain of the
LAN customer at the edge, as opposed to the traditional carrier in the center These new concepts in customer empowered networking are starting in the same
place as the Internet started – the university and research community.
Customers will start with dark fiber but will eventually extend further outwards with customer control and ownership of wavelengths
Extending the Internet model of autonomous peering networks to the telecom world
Examples Customer Empowered Networks
Universities in Quebec are building their own 3500km “condominium” fiber network in partnership with 6 next gen carriers- $US 2million
Will deploy and manage their own optics and long haul transmission gear Universities in Alberta are deploying their own 400 km 4xGbe dark fiber
network - $US 200K Deploy and manage their own optics and long haul transmission gear
City of Montreal is second most fibered city in the world because of municipal owned open access conduit
In Ottawa is deploying a 85km- 144 strand “condominium” network connecting 26 institutions – cost $1m US
Peel County – Missassuaga & Brampton has built a 200km public sector fiber network - $US 5m
Many other cities including Ashland OR, Halifax, Toronto are looking at similar initiatives
Market Drivers First - low cost
Up to 1000% reduction over current telecom prices. 6-12 month payback Second - LAN invades the WAN – no complex SONET or ATM required in
network Network Restoral & Protection can be done by customer using a variety of
techniques such as wireless backup, or relocating servers to a multi-homed site, etc
Third - Enables new applications and services not possible with traditional telecom service providers Relocation of servers and extending LAN to central site Out sourcing LAN and web servers to a 3rd party because no performance impact IP telephony in the wide area (Spokane) HDTV video
Fourth – Allows access to new competitive low cost telecom and IT companies at carrier neutral meet me points Much easier to out source servers, e-commerce etc to a 3rd party at a carrier
neutral collocation facility
À venir
Bande passante louée
Projet démarré
Construit
Observatoire Mont-Mégantic
Val d’Or/Rouyn
MAN de Montréal
MAN de Québec
MAN de Sherbrooke
MAN d’Ottawa/Hull
Quebec University Condo Network
St-Laurent/Vanier
Lanaudière
Maisonneuve
Marie-Victorin
Champlain
Rosemont
Sorel-Tracy
Montmorency
Édouard-Montpetit
Vieux-Montréal
Bois-de-Boulogne
Ahuntsic
Lionel-Groulx
Vers Québec
Gérald-Godin
John-Abbott
André-Laurendeau
Dawson
À venir
Bande passante louée
Projet démarré
Construit
Montreal Public Sector Condominium Networks
Schoolboard Condominium Builds
Typical Capital Costs Fixed One Time Capital Costs Include
Management, engineering and construction costs Negotiating support structure agreements Fiber optic cables Fusing of fibers OTDR sweeps, Premise termination, etc.
Average total cost between $7 and $15 per meter as follows: Engineering and Design:
$1 - $3 per meter for engineering, design, supervision, splicing Plus Installation:
$7 to $10 per meter for install in existing conduit; or $3 to $6 per meter for install on existing poles
Plus Premise termination: Average $5k each
Plus cost of fiber: 15¢ per strand per meter for 36 strands or less 12¢ per strand per meter for 96 strands or less 10¢ per strand per meter 192 strands or less 5¢ per strand per meter over 192 strands
Examples of Dark Fiber costs University network Urban Fiber Builds
Varennes: 50 km - $406K (maintenance $26K/year) Montreal East: 14 km - $120K (maintenance $9K/year) Laval: 33km - $213K (maintenance $15K/year)
University network Rural Fiber Builds Sorel: 54km - $266K (maintenance $19K/year) Megantic: 40km -$273K (maintenance $14K/year)
Schoolboards Victoriaville school board -Average price for fiber(s) $2 - $7 per meter Spokane School District - $US 800/mo for first 5 years then $US 400/mo Over 50 schools Stockholm - $1200/mo – over 100 schools
Las Vegas School district – 240 schools – Telcordia (Bellcore) prime contractor Many, many others in the works Companies like Telcordia (Bellcore), IBM, etc are now leading development of
dark fiber networks for schools
Condo Fiber Build Examples Des affluents: Total cost $1,500,00 ($750,00 for schools)
70 schools 12 municipal buildings 204 km fiber $1,500,000 total cost average cost per building - $18,000 per building
Mille-Isles: Total cost $2,100,000 ($1,500,000 for schools) 80 schools 18 municipal buildings 223km $21,428 per building
Laval: Total cost $1,800,000 ($1,000,000 for schools) 111 schools 45 municipal buildings 165 km $11,500 per building
Peel county: Total cost $5m – 100 buildings Cost per building $50,000
Ottawa Fiber Condominium
Consortium consists of 16 members from various sectors including businesses, hospitals, schools, universities, research institutes
26 sites Point-to-point topology 144 fibre pairs Route diversity requirement for one member 85 km run $11k - $50K per site Total project cost $CDN 1.25 million Cost per strand less than $.50 per strand per meter 80% aerial Due to overwhelming response to first build – planning for second
build under way
Typical Payback for school(Real example – des affluents – north of Montreal)
DSL to 100 schools - $400 per month per school Over 3 years total expenditure of $1,440,000 for DSL service Total cost of dark fiber network for 100 schools $1,350,000 Additional condominium participants were brought in to lower cost to
school board to $750,000 School board can now centralize routers and network servers at each
school Estimated savings in travel and software upgrades $800,000
Payback typically 8 –16 months Independent Study by Group Secor available upon request
Before
After fiber
fiberAntennas 780Novell Servers 82 1SQL Servers 13 3Lotus Notes Servers 21Tape Backup Servers 12 4Ethernet switches/hubs 10 98Routers 1083Cache/proxy (Linux) 120Fire walls (Linux) 11
Reduction in the number of servers
CA*net 4
VancouverCalgary
Regina Winnipeg
Ottawa
Montreal
Toronto
Halifax
St. John’s
Fredericton
Charlottetown
Chicago
Seattle
New York
Europe
Dedicated Wavelength or
SONET channel
OBGP switches
Optional Layer 3 aggregation service
Large channel WDM system
Overall Objective
To deploy a novel new optical network that allows GigaPOPs at the edge of the network (and ultimately their participating institutions) to setup and manage their own wavelengths across the network and thus allow direct peering between GigaPOPs on dedicated wavelengths and optical cross connects that they control and manage
To allow the establishment of wavelengths by the GigaPOPs and their participating institutions in support of QoS and grid applications
To allow connected regional and community networks to setup transit wavelength peering relationships with similar like minded networks to reduce the cost of Internet transit
To offer an “optional” layer 3 aggregation service for those networks that require or want such a facility
O-BGP (Optical BGP) Control of optical routing and switches across an optical cloud is by the customer – not
the carrier Use BGP peering at network configuration stage for process to establish light path cross
connects Customers control of portions of OXC which becomes part of their AS Optical cross connects look like BGP speaking peers
All customer requires from carrier is dark fiber, dim wavelengths, dark spaces and dumb switches
Building “carrier free” networks Traditional BGP gives no indication of route congestion or QoS, but with DWDM wave
lengths edge router will have a simple QoS path of guaranteed bandwidth May allow smaller ISPs and R&E networks to route around large ISPs that dominate the
Internet by massive direct peerings with like minded networks Wavelengths will become new instrument for settlement and exchange eventually
leading to futures market in wavelengths
The biggest challenge of all…To foster and accelerate
broadband Internet to the home
The basic assumptions The good, the bad and the ugly..
Monopolies are bad Duopolies are ugly Facilities based competition is good
The private sector, in an open competitive market, is far more effective at responding to consumer’s needs and introducing new services at lower prices than any kind of government regulation
But government has a responsibility to foster competition and ensure a level playing field
Where a natural monopoly exists government has a responsibility to regulate that monopoly, but only as a last resort
First it should make every attempt to develop mechanisms for introducing private sector competition rather than depending on legislative fiat
Regulation should be seen as a last resort
Facilities based competition in the residential neighborhood?
Facilities based competition is alive and well in downtown core The biggest challenge for governments is manage and coordinate the
digging up of streets Outside of downtown in big cities
Usually only a monopoly telecom provider At best a duopoly
How do we introduce facilities based competition into this market (or at least come as close as possible to true facilities based competition)?
As well how can we assure scalable high speed Internet services to the home that eventually will support Gigabit speeds or higher?
Critical role for governments and universities
Municipal dark fiber networks increases facilities based competition, levels the playing field and provides greater choice to the consumer
Governments can play a critical role in paying for dark fiber to all public sector buildings
Private sector can extend the fiber to businesses and homes ( via wireless, fiber, DSL, etc)
Universities can play critical role in organizing municipal condominium fiber builds in their community and serve as the “anchor tenant”
Governments and universities can also encourage building carrier neutral collocation facilities
In downtown cores will likely be done by private sector In suburbs will probably have to be public facility like school board
office, university, etc
Networked NationCA*net 4
Provincial research and education network
Usually one GigaPOP per province
Usually one access facility in every major town and city
School board office City Hall University
School HospitalLibrarySchool School
Colo Colo
Option B: Home owners are aggregated at node by service provider of their
choice
Option A: Home owners and businesses have fused
connections all the way to service provider at supernode
SuperNodes
Nodes
Colo
Colo
Splice Box
Homes
Splice Box
CommercialInternet
CommercialInternet
Benefits to Industry For cablecos and telcos it help them accelerate the deployment of high speed
internet services into the community Currently deployment of DSL and cable modem deployment is hampered
by high cost of deploying fiber into the neighbourhoods Cable companies need fiber to every 250 homes for cable modem service,
but currently only have fiber on average to every 5000 homes Telephone companies need to get fiber to every 250 homes to support
VDSL or FSAN technologies Wireless companies need to get fiber to every 250 homes for new high
bandwidth wireless services and mobile Internet It will provide opportunities for small innovative service providers to offer
service to public institutions as well as homes For e-commerce and web hosting companies it will generate new business in out
sourcing and web hosting For Canadian optical manufacturing companies it will provide new opportunities
for sales of optical technology and components
CANARIE's 6th Advanced Networks Workshop"The Networked Nation"
November 28 and 29, 2000Palais des Congrès
Montreal, Quebec - Canada
"The Networked Nation", will focus on application architectures ("grids") made up of customer owned dark fiber and next generation Internet networks like CA*net 3 that will ultimately lead to the development of the networked nation where eventually every school, home and business will have high bandwidth connection to the Internet.
Three tracks: Customer owned dark fiber for schools, hospitals, businesses and homes. Next generation optical Internet architectures that will be a natural and seamless
extension of the customer owned dark fiber networks being built for schools, homes and businesses.
"application grids", which are a seamless integration of dark fiber and optical networks to support specific collaborative research and education applications.