CANCER

Rommel F. Irabagon MD.

Family Medicine

WHO: CANCER

• Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and spread of cells.

• Can affect almost any part of the body. • The growths often invade surrounding tissue and

can metastasize to distant sites.

WHO: CANCER

• Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide• Accounted for 7.6 million deaths (around 13% of

all deaths) in 2008.

American Cancer Society

Think of the word CAUTION:• Change in bowel or bladder habits.• A sore that does not heal.• Unusual bleeding or discharge.• Thickening or lump in the breast, testicles, or

elsewhere.• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.• Obvious change in the size, color, shape, or

thickness of a wart, mole, or mouth sore.• Nagging cough or hoarseness.

1. Pagbabago sa pagdumi o pag-ihi

• Kailangang masuri ng doktor kung ang pasyente ay may problema sa bituka o sa bato at pantog.

• Kung may bahid ng dugo ang inyong dumi o ihi, magpatingin po sa Doctor.

2. Sugat na hindi gumagaling

• Kung ang sugat ay nasa paa, posibleng dahil ito sa diabetes.

• Ngunit may mga sugat na iba ang dahilan.

3. Hindi pangkaraniwang pagdurugo

• Ang ma dalas na pagdugo ng ilong o mula sa puerta (vagina) ay kailangan ipatingin.

• Posibleng may bukol sa ilong o matris ang pasyente.

4. Bukol sa suso o ibang bahagi ng katawan

• Ang pangunahing kanser sa kababaihan ay ang kanser sa suso.

• Matutong mag-examine ng suso bawat buwan (self breast examination), lalo na kung may kamag-anak na may breast cancer.

• Kung may bukol na nakapa, mag pa tingin sa isang Doctor.

5. Hirap lumunok

• Posibleng may goiter o may nagba bara sa lalamunan.

• Kapag hirap nang lumunok ng pagkain, magpa-check up.

6. Pagbabago ng nunal

• Ang melanoma ay isang kanser sa balat na maitim ang kulay.

• Kapag nagbago ang anyo ng inyong nunal, lumalaki man o lumalapad ang hitsura, ipatingin sa isang Doctor.

7. Laging inuubo

• Maraming Pinoy ang inuubo dahil sa polusyon at panini garilyo.

• Ngunit ang ubo ay puwedeng may iba pang dahilan. Magpagawa ng Chest X-ray.

• Malalaman dito kung may tuberculosis at bukol sa baga.

CAUTION

PREVENTION

1. Be in a mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who is not infected by (HPV)

• Genital HPV infection is a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the human papilloma virus.

• There are actually more than 100 strains of the human papilloma virus, some of which can lead to cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, or penis.

2. Eat lots of plant foods, mainly organic vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and fruits

3. Learn how to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy oils

4. Beware of electromagnetic fields and ionizing radiation

5. Strive to maintain your optimal weight

6. Be physically active

Daily exercise can help to prevent cancer through the following mechanisms:

• Boosting your immune system • Preventing obesity • Decreasing estrogen levels • Decreasing insulin growth factor (IGF) levels -

high IGF levels can increase your risk of developing cancer of the breast, colon, and rectum

7. Minimize your exposure to environmental toxins

• Heavy metals - found in mercury fillings, treated wood, antiperspirants, vaccines, and factory farmed fish

• Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) - found in factory farmed fish

• Asbestos - found in many building materials made before the mid to late 1970s

• Dioxins - found in fat of animals that are factory farmed • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) - found in cosmetics,

clothing that has been dry cleaned, air fresheners, paints, deodorants, and bug repellents

• Pesticides - non-organic fruits and vegetables, factory farmed meats, and bug repellents

8. Strive to sleep soundly for 8-10 hours per day in darkness

• Sound and regular sleep is essential to promoting a healthy circadian rhythm, which is intimately interconnected with your endocrine system and ability to prevent cancer. Recent studies have indicated that sleeping in complete darkness is essential to supporting an endocrine system that can suppress cancer development

9. Don't smoke tobacco, drink alcohol, or use any other recreational drugs

• According to the Harvard Center For Cancer Prevention, approximately 30 percent of all deaths due to cancer in the United States can be attributed to tobacco use

• Heavy alcohol use is strongly associated with cancer of the liver. Alcohol can interact with tobacco smoking to cause various cancers of the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

• Marijuana and cocaine use have been shown to increase one's risk of developing lung cancer.

COLORECTAL CARCINOMA

• Most common malignancy of the GIT• 3rd most lethal cancer in women after lung &

breast cancer• 3rd most lethal cancer in men after lung &

prostate cancer• An american has approximately a 5%

probability of developing colorectal cancer during a 70-year life span

• Most are detected after the age of 50• Incidence rises with age

Dietary Factor

• FAT• Diet high in saturated fats increased risk of

colorectal cancer• Breakdown products of fat metabolism lead to

the formation of cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens).

• Red meat & processed meat; increase risk of colon cancer.

• Peroxidation of lipids exposed to oxygen is responsible not only for deterioration of food (rancidity) but also for damage tissues in vivo, where it may be a cause of cancer

• Fiber• Whole grain & cereals• High fiber diet decreases the risk of colorectal

cancer.

• Calcium• Increase dietary calcium decreases the

incidence of colorectal cancer. • Experts noted that calcium may reduce the

growth of abnormal cells in the GIT. Since calcium binds to bile and fatty acids, it may reduce damage to the mucous membranes of the large intestine.

• Beer• Heavy beer drinkers have a two-fold increased

risk of colorectal cancer

Cervical cancer

• Caused by specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV). There are more than 100 types of HPV, of which more than 40 can be sexually transmitted. Among these, about 15 are considered to be cancer-causing, or high-risk, types. Two of these high-risk types, HPV-16 and HPV-18, cause about 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. HPV infection is very common, but it usually goes away on its own. Persistent HPV infections can, however, cause cellular abnormalities that sometimes develop into cervical cancer if not treated.

• The FDA has approved two vaccines, Gardasil® and Cervarix®,

• which are highly effective in preventing persistent infections with HPV types 16 and 18, the two high-risk HPV types that cause the majority of cervical cancers.

• Gardasil also protects against HPV types 6 and 11, which cause about 90% of genital warts.

Hepatocellular cancer

• Hepatis• Alcohol

THANK YOU!!!