PREVALENCE OF PARVO VIRUS INFECTION IN CANINE CASES

OF MOBILE VET CONSULTANCY SERVICE

LALITPUR, NEPAL

InterneePRADHUMAN YADAV

Internship SiteJaulakhel, Lalitpur

Advisor

Dr. Bala Ram ThapaProgram Director at Directorate of Livestock Market Promotion

INTRODUCTION

The Parvo viral infection in canine population was first recognized in 1978 that caused Parvovirus enteritis or myocarditis in U.S.A. After that, this was observed in Canada, Australia and England. And in following year in France, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden, West German and other countries (Anon, 1979; Mc Candlish et al .,1979).

The canine parvovirus (CPV) infection is a highly contagious viral illness that affects dogs.

Susceptible Hosts

Wide varieties of hosts are affected with parvo virus infection. They are cattle, pig, dog, cat, man, rat, mice, chicken, and hamsters. Breeds like Doberman, English Springers, Labrador are at risk.

Mean age and range: Most severe illness may occur in pups 6-16 weeks of age.

Mode of transmission

The virus is transmitted through direct or indirect contact with the infected animal or its excretions. Viruses are excreted in large quantity through the excreta of the hosts.

Virus excretion continues for 12-14 days from infected animal (Pollock, 1981).

Clinical signs

Slight to high rise of temperature (Initial stage)

Vomiting

Bloody Diarrhea

Loss of appetite

Treatment of Parvo Virus infection

Symptomatic treatment Anti Vomiting drug Anti diarrhoeal drug

Supportive treatment Fluid therapy

OBJECTIVESGeneral objective

The study on the clinical cases attended by MVCS(Mobile Vet Consultancy Service) from the year 1st Baishakh 2072 to 30th Chaitra 2072 BS (14 April 2015 to 13 April 2016 AD).

Specific objectivesTo find out the overall clinical cases in dogs attended by MVCS.To find out the status of occurrence of clinical case as per age

wise, sex wise and as per season wise .

Justification of study

The studies on the clinical case are very useful to find out the occurrence pattern of the disease, distribution of disease according to various factors like age, sex and time.

Very few studies had been conducted in Nepal to determine the prevalence of parvo virus.

Limitations of study

This study was done only within limited period of time.

Due to this, the analysis had to be completely based on secondary data in Mobile Vet Consultancy Service, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur.

Sampling error may exist.

Methodology

Study Area-Jaulakhel Lalitpur

Data collection technique-case record book date 2072(1st Baishakh 2072 to 30th Chaitra)-Total Number Of cases were 3674, among them 455 cases were Canine Parvo virus

Data analysis-MS-Excel 2010

Result of Study Breed-wise distribution of clinical case

German Sh

epherd

Japanese Spitz

Mongrel

Labrador R

etrieve

rPug

Lhasa Apso

Tibetan Masti

ff

Cocker S

panielBoxe

r

Dalmation

Doberman Pinsch

erBhote

Golden Retrieve

r

Nepolitan M

astiff

Tibetan Terrier

Great Dane

Saint B

ernard

Dachshund

Chihuahua

Pomeranian

Bull Masti

ff

BullDog

Pit Bull T

errier

Poodle0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200 1120

706664

262186 146 132 112 82 66 42 36 30 20 16 14 14 8 4 4 4 2 2 2

Num

ber

of c

ases

Sex-wise distribution of clinical case

Male

Female

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

No.

of c

ases

Area-wise distribution of clinical case

Lalitpur Kathmandu Bhaktapur Banepa Pokhara Chitwan hetauda Dhading Kurintar0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2594

872

14038 10 8 4 6 2

No.

of

case

s in

num

ber

Age-wise distribution of clinical case

1m 3m 5m 7m 9m11m 2yrs 4yrs 6yrs 8yrs

10yrs12yrs

14yrs16yrs

18yrs20yrs

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

82

450

214

12298 94

70 7850 40

70

384

276

206190188184

210198

104110

5874

44 3620 10 4 4 2 6

No. o

f cas

se in

num

ber

Distribution of Parvo Virus Cases

Total Case

Parvo Virus case

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

3674

455

No. of cases

Month-wise distribution of parvo viral case

21%

16%

12%

1%4%3%1%

5%

9%

8%

10%

9% Baishakh

Jestha

Ashar

Shrawan

Bhadra

Asoj

Kartik

Mangsir

Poush

Magh

Falgun

Chaitra

Age-wise distribution of parvo viral case

1m 3m 5m 7m 9m11m 2yrs 4yrs 6yrs 8yrs

10yrs12yrs

14yrs16yrs

18yrs20yrs

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

82

99

79

64

4034

20

8 84 4 6 4

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

No.

of c

ases

Discussion of Study

For the purpose of this study, 3674 Clinical cases ware recorded, in which 2months (12%) age puppies and 1years (10%) – 3years (8%) age dog were highly susceptible with clinical disease and other (70%).

It was observed that German Shepherd (GSD)-1120 (30%) was the most affected breed

It was observed more of the cases were male - 2176 (59%) than female - 1498 (41%).

It was observed that Lalitpur - 2594 (71%) was highest cases area came to MVCS than Kathmandu - 872(24%) and other - 208 (5%).

Contd….The study show that Baishakh (21%) and Jestha (16%) is more occurring

season for the Parvoviral infection and rest are Ashar(12%), Shrawan(1%), Bhadra(4%), Asoj(3%), Kartik(1%), Mangsir(5%), Poush(9%), Magh(8%), Falgun(11%) and Chaitra(9%).

Among 3674 cases, 452 cases are seen positive while doing CPV Test KIT

The study shows 1-4 months age dogs are more susceptible to the Parvoviral infection. i.e. 1 month (18%), 2 months (22%), 3 months (17%), 4 months (14%) and other (29%).

Photographs taken during study period

PVC test kit

Conclusion

This study shows overall prevalence of parvo virus infection in canine of Kathmandu valley in Baishakh is higher i.e 95,which is 21%. Because Climate condition is favourable for spread the virus.

Age between (1-2) month is more susceptible as Puppies are born with a very immature immune system and don’t begin making their own antibodies until about 6 weeks of age. (Van Buren Ave, 1929).

Male is more susceptible then female Because client interest to keep male dog then female.

Suggestions

• Owners should be immediately consult veterinarian if their pets get diarrhea and vomition.• Vaccination should be done in schedule.• Regular monitoring should be done for the parvo virus suspected

dogs.• Isolation of parvo infected dog should be done from the kennel.• Disinfect the dog’s environment.• Treating the infected dog.• vaccination all pets that have contact with affected pet.

Acknowledgement

Dr. Krishna Bahadur Shrestha, Principal, HICASTDr. Upendra Man Singh, Vet. Co-ordinator, HICASTDr. Dr. Bala Ram Thapa , Advisor.MOBILE VET CONSULTANCY SERVICE ( MVCS)Dr. Indra Narayan RayDr. Sajana ThapaMr. Krishna PoudelMr. Surendra ThakurAll my friends and family.

THANK YOU