ÇANKAYA UNIVERSITYÇANKAYA UNIVERSITYFOREIGN LANGUAGES UNITFOREIGN LANGUAGES UNIT

ACS 206 MEACS 206 MEUNIT 32 – WEEK 14UNIT 32 – WEEK 14

STRUCTURAL MECHANICSSTRUCTURAL MECHANICS

VOCABULARY ITEMSVOCABULARY ITEMS

Reaction (n.) / React (v.)Reaction (n.) / React (v.) DefinitionDefinition: action in opposite direction / to act in : action in opposite direction / to act in

opposite directionopposite direction E.g.:E.g.: When a stable thing is forced to move, that thing When a stable thing is forced to move, that thing

will show a will show a reactionreaction towards the opposite direction. towards the opposite direction. When a moving object is forced to stop, it will equally When a moving object is forced to stop, it will equally reactreact in the opposite direction.in the opposite direction.

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Synonym: To counteract / to resist

in equilibriumin equilibrium DefinitionDefinition: the state of being stable; fixed; not moving: the state of being stable; fixed; not moving E.g.: E.g.: In Physics, objects are in equilibrium when tIn Physics, objects are in equilibrium when the state he state

of a body or physical system at rest or in unaccelerated of a body or physical system at rest or in unaccelerated motion in which the resultant of all forces acting on it is motion in which the resultant of all forces acting on it is zerozero..

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Statically determinate structureStatically determinate structure DefinitionDefinition: structures that are in equilibrium, designed : structures that are in equilibrium, designed

not to movenot to move E.gE.g.:A statically determinate structure is one where there .:A statically determinate structure is one where there

is only one distribution of internal forces and reactions is only one distribution of internal forces and reactions which satisfies equilibrium. In a statically determinate which satisfies equilibrium. In a statically determinate structure, internal forces and reactions can be structure, internal forces and reactions can be determined by considering nothing more than equations determined by considering nothing more than equations of equilibrium of equilibrium

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Component forceComponent force Definition: Definition: (Mech.)(Mech.) a force which, acting conjointly with a force which, acting conjointly with

one or more forces, produces the effect of a single force one or more forces, produces the effect of a single force or resultant; one of a number of forces into which a or resultant; one of a number of forces into which a single force may be resolved.single force may be resolved.

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Resultant forceResultant force Definition: Definition: Objects usually have more than one force Objects usually have more than one force

acting on them at any time.acting on them at any time.If both the forces are acting in a straight line:If both the forces are acting in a straight line:We can add or subtract the forces to show the overall We can add or subtract the forces to show the overall effect on the object called the resultant force.effect on the object called the resultant force.

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Resultant forceResultant force

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Gravity (n.) (also Gravity (n.) (also gravitationgravitation)) DefinitionDefinition: A vertical downward force acting on an : A vertical downward force acting on an

object.object. E.gE.g.: Sir Isaac Newton put forward the theory of .: Sir Isaac Newton put forward the theory of

gravity, which shook the science world gravity, which shook the science world fundamentally.fundamentally.

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Centre of gravityCentre of gravity DefinitionDefinition: an imaginary point of an object assumed by : an imaginary point of an object assumed by

engineers on which gravity is exertedengineers on which gravity is exerted E.gE.g.: Centre of gravity can be within or outside of an .: Centre of gravity can be within or outside of an

object depending on the position and shape of the object depending on the position and shape of the object.object.

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Frame (n.) (also Iframework)Frame (n.) (also Iframework)DefinitionDefinition: A thin structure that forms the : A thin structure that forms the

outer body of somethingouter body of something

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A bicycle frameA house Frame

Lattice (n.)Lattice (n.) DefinitionDefinition: a structure made from strips of wood or other : a structure made from strips of wood or other

material which cross over each other with spaces material which cross over each other with spaces between between

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Stiff (adj.)Stiff (adj.) Definition: firm or hard E.g.: If a material is stiff, it is more likely to resist

deformation.

To stiffen (v.): to make hard, to make stiff; or to brace E.g.: Spraying will stiffen your hair so that it can be long-

lasting.

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Pin jointPin joint DefinitionDefinition: A pin joint is a solid cylinder-shaped : A pin joint is a solid cylinder-shaped

device, similar to a bolt, which is used to connect device, similar to a bolt, which is used to connect objects at the joint area. This type of joint connection objects at the joint area. This type of joint connection allows each object to rotate at the point of joint allows each object to rotate at the point of joint connection. connection.

E.gE.g.: Pin joints are used in door hinges and folding .: Pin joints are used in door hinges and folding mechanismsmechanisms

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truss (n.)truss (n.) Definition: entirely pin-jointed lattices stiffened with

cross-members E.g.: In architecture a truss is a structure comprising

one or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints

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tie (n.)tie (n.) DefinitionDefinition: one of the members of a truss which can : one of the members of a truss which can

resist tensionresist tension

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strut (n.)strut (n.) DefinitionDefinition: members of a truss that resist : members of a truss that resist

compressioncompression

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Rigid joint Rigid joint Definition: A joint which does not flex, is thick and

securely joined E.g.: A rigid joint method can be developed for very tall

buildings to form a rigid external 'tube'. Instead of having cross bracing, the external structure is stiffened by very deep beams and wide columns..

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32.1 (p. 71)32.1 (p. 71)

Complete the explanation using words and Complete the explanation using words and explanations from A (p. 70)explanations from A (p. 70)

1. statically determinate structures1. statically determinate structures 2. counteracted2. counteracted 3. reaction3. reaction 4. in equilibrium4. in equilibrium

32.2 (p. 71)32.2 (p. 71)

Complete the text using words and expressions from A, Complete the text using words and expressions from A, B, and C (p. 70).B, and C (p. 70).

1. component1. component 2. resultant2. resultant 3. pin joints3. pin joints 4. truss4. truss 5. centre of gravity5. centre of gravity

32.3 (p. 71)32.3 (p. 71)

In diagram 2, which of the members (a-c) are ties, and In diagram 2, which of the members (a-c) are ties, and which are struts?which are struts?

a= struta= strut b= strutb= strut c= tiec= tie

32.4 (p. 71)32.4 (p. 71)

Choose the correct words from the brackets to Choose the correct words from the brackets to complete the sentences?. Look at C (p. 70) to help complete the sentences?. Look at C (p. 70) to help you.you.

1.1. FrameworksFrameworks2.2. Pin jointPin joint3.3. Compression Compression 4.4. bracedbraced