Capacitor Products Individual units Fixed bank Automatic … · Capacitor Products Individual units...

Capacitor ProductsIndividual unitsFixed bankAutomatic bank

Low VoltageNetwork Quality

ABB Control Inc.

AC 1500

L O W V O L T A G EN E T W O R K Q U A L I T Y

CUS T O M E R F I R ST

QUA L I T Y. . . A LWAY S!

1

Individual Unit - Pg 4 Fixed Bank – Pg 13 AutoBank – Pg 15 SoftBank – Pg 20 DynaComp - Pg 22 Dimensions – Pg 24 Application Manual - Pg 33Fixed capacitor bank

Pump jack unit

Type CLMD-13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Application Manual

LVNQ CapacitorsIndividual, fixed & automatic bank


This catalog is published for information purposes only and is not all inclusive. For additional information on products ortechnical information, consult ABB Control Inc. The installation and use of ABB Control Inc. products should be in accordancewith the provisions of the U.S. National Electrical code and/or other local codes or industry standards that are pertinent to theparticular end use. Installation or use not in accordance with these codes and standards could be hazardous to personnel and/or equipment.

Index

Individual & Fixed Capacitor Banks — General Info................................. 3

Individual Capacitors ..........................................................................4 – 12

Fixed Capacitor Banks .....................................................................13 – 14

AutoBank ...........................................................................................15 – 19

SoftBank ............................................................................................20 – 21

DynaComp .........................................................................................22 – 23

Dimensions ........................................................................................24 – 30

Terms & Conditions ..........................................................................31 – 32

Capacitor Application Manual .......................................................... 33 – 56• General Information• Options for Correcting Power Factor• Application & Installation• Harmonic Phenomena• Sizing Capacitors at the Motor Load• Capacitor Construction• Appendix

Individual units

Individual Unit - Pg 4 Fixed Bank – Pg 13 AutoBank – Pg 15 SoftBank – Pg 20 DynaComp - Pg 22 Dimensions – Pg 24 Application Manual - Pg 33

2


pressure interrupters and additional line fuses whichhave disadvantages associated with that type ofconstruction.

See page 49 Capacitor Construction, for additional

ABB design features!

FUSE LINK

ELECTRODE DIELECTRIC

•

•

•••

•• ••

Fig. 3

DielectricElectrode

Electrode

Dielectric

Dielectric

DielectricElectrode

Electrode

Dielectric

Dielectric

Fig. 2

Fig. 1

Dry type design

All ABB low voltage capacitors utilize elements that arecompletely dry and contain no free liquid.

Self-healing elements

ABB Control capacitors are constructed from a com-pletely dry metallized polypropylene film. A short circuitbetween electrodes (See Fig. 1) is short lived . Theelectrode is instantaneously vaporized (See Fig. 2)clearing the fault, resulting in only a minor degradation in

performance. The self-healing design significantly length-ens the life of ABB capacitors.

Internally Protected Elements (IPE)

ABB's sequential protection system featuring our pat-ented Internally Protected Element (IPE) design providesincreased protection to facilities and personnel notavailable from other capacitor designs. This provendesign allows for self-healing throughout the life of thecapacitor to insure the maximum length of reliable serviceand still provide short circuit protection in each elementwhen self-healing can no longer continue. This is accom-plished by a combination of unique winding constructionand an internal fuse link (See Fig. 3) within each elementwhich safely and selectively disconnects each individualelement. ABB capacitors do not rely on mechanical

Low Voltage Network Quality capacitorproducts from ABB Control Inc.Advanced design features inherentin all ABB capacitor products include:

• Dry type design• Self-healing elements• Internally Protected Elements (IPE)

3


1

ABB Capacitor Catalog Numbering SystemC 48 4 G 2.5 - 2LF

Factory modifications

kvar rating

Enclosure type – G=NEMA 1, R=NEMA 3R, D=NEMA 12

Enclosure size – 4=43, 5=53, 6=63, 8=83, 9=93

Voltage – 20=208V, 24=240V, 38=380V, 48=480V, 60=600V

Capacitor type – C=Individual, F=Fixed Bank, P=Pump Jack

Individual & fixed bank capacitors


Description• High ReliabilityWell proven features of ABB dry type powerfactor correction capacitor technology areincorporated into individual and fixed bankdesigns.

• Very Low LossesCapacitor total losses are less than 0.5 wattsper kvar

• Discharge MechanismCarbon filament or wire-wound resistors sizedto automatically discharge the capacitor to lessthan 50 volts in under one minute.

• Tolerance on Capacitance 0%, +15%

• Overcurrent Tolerance 135% of ratedcurrent, continuously

• Overvoltage Tolerance 110% of ratedvoltage, continuously

• Standard Ambient Temperature Range-40°C to +40°C (-40°F to + 104°F)

• Internal Cables and InsulationAll internal conductors utilize stranded, tinplated copper wire. Insulation is fire-retardant,rated 105°C (220°F)

• Complete Environmental AcceptabilityABB capacitors have a dry type dielectric withno free liquid and do not pose any risk ofleakage or pollution of the environment.Therefore, employee safety training andmaintenance of Material Safety Data Sheetsare not required with these capacitors.

• Unique Sequential Protection SystemPatented system ensures that each individualcapacitor element is selectively and reliablydisconnected from the circuit at the end of itslife.

Fuse Protection• ABB capacitors are provided with patentedIPE (Internally Protected Elements) which isan integral and important part of the Sequen-tial Protection System. Additional fuses areNOT required for protection of ABB capacitorelements, but external overcurrent protectionmay be needed for the installation in order tomeet the National Electric Code requirementsconcerning protection of the conductorsfeeding the capacitors.

Long LifeLow losses and the self-healing properties ofABB capacitor elements help to guarantee thelong operating life of individual and fixedcapacitor banks from ABB.

SafetyVermiculite, a nonflammable and non-toxicmaterial, safely absorbs any energy producedwithin the capacitor enclosure.

Approvals• UL and CSA approved - UL File #E135667 - CSA File #LR88616• Complies with applicable requirements ofIEC, NEC®, NEMA CP-1, ANSI and IEEE std.18.

Factory Modifications• Mounting brackets• Terminal connected fuses & blown fuseindication• State indication

NOTE: National Electric Code® and NEC®

are registed trademarks of the National FireProtection Association, Inc., Quincy, MA02269


4

1 2.4 8 C244G1 C244R1 C244D11.5 3.6 8 C244G1.5 C244R1.5 C244D1.52 4.8 8 C244G2 C244R2 C244D22.5 6.0 8 C244G2.5 C244R2.5 C244D2.53 7.2 8 C244G3 C244R3 C244D33.5 8.4 8 C244G3.5 C244R3.5 C244D3.54 9.6 8 C244G4 C244R4 C244D45 12.0 8 C244G5 C244R5 C244D56 14.4 8 C244G6 C244R6 C244D67 16.8 8 C244G7 C244R7 C244D77.5 18.0 8 C244G7.5 C244R7.5 C244D7.58 19.2 8 C244G8 C244R8 C244D89 21.7 8 C244G9 C244R9 C244D9

10 24.1 8 C244G10 C244R10 C244D1011 26.5 13 C244G11 C244R11 C244D1112 28.9 13 C244G12 C244R12 C244D1212.5 30.1 13 C244G12.5 C244R12.5 C244D12.514 33.7 8 C244G14 C244R14 C244D1415 36.1 8 C244G15 C244R15 C244D15

17 40.8 22 C245G17 C244R17 C244D1720 48.1 22 C245G20 C245R20 C245D2022.5 54.1 22 C245G22.5 C245R22.5 C245D22.525 60.1 22 C245G25 C245R25 C245D2530 72.2 22 C245G30 C245R30 C245D3035 84.2 24 C245G35 C245R35 C245D3540 96.2 24 C245G40 C245R40 C245D40

45 108.3 33 C246G45 C246R45 C246D4550 120.3 33 C246G50 C246R50 C246D5055 132.3 36 C246G55 C246R55 C246D5560 144.3 36 C246G60 C246R60 C246D60

ABB Control's standard capacitor is suitable for general powerfactor correction applications, for connection directly at thereactive source.Features include:

• Dry, environmentally safe construction• Self healing capability• Patented Internal Protected Elements• NEMA 1, 3R, 12• Easy electrical connection to large terminals• Convenient grounding lug• Mounting feet for easy installation

Individual capacitors3-phase➁

240 Volt, 60 Hz

240 Volt, 60 Hz - 3-Phase

DISCOUNT SCHEDULE DS-F1

NOTE: ABB’s patented IPE design eliminates the need for addi-tional overcurrent protection when capacitors are electricallyconnected on the load side of a motor starter circuit breaker orfusible disconnect switch.

2

Approx.ShippingWeight(Lbs.)

RatedCurrent

Per Phase(Amps) Catalog Number

43

kvarRating

EnclosureSize

Catalog Number Catalog Number

Indoor – Nema 12Outdoor – Nema 3RIndoor – Nema 1

Enclosure Type

Optional mounting for individual capacitors

Wall mounting kit ➀ 43-93 WM83KRack mounting style enclosure 53-93 -RM

Capacitor state indication system

-2LE -2LF

Type Enclosure CatalogSizes Number

Catalog No. Suffixend (narrow side)

Catalog No. Suffixend (wide side)

The capacitor state indication system consists of two yellow LED lightswhich illuminate only when the capacitor is energized and functioning at65% or more of its rated kvar capacity.The two light system will indicate a failure in any one of the threephases of the capacitor.

208 Volt availabilityFor 208 volt applications, derate the 240V capacitors. The kvar at 208Vwill be .75 times the kvar at 240V.

➀ When the wall mounting kit is used with enclosure sizes 63, 83 & 93, it is recommended to order the rack style enclosure.➁ For single phase capacitors, please consult your local ABB representative.

63

53

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Enclosure TypeApprox.ShippingWeight(Lbs.) Catalog Number

Individual capacitors3-phase480 Volt, 60 Hz


2


RatedCurrent

Per Phase

kvarRating

EnclosureSize


1.5 1.8 8 C484G1.5 C484R1.5 C484D1.52 2.4 8 C484G2 C484R2 C484D22.5 3.0 8 C484G2.5 C484R2.5 C484D2.53 3.6 8 C484G3 C484R3 C484D34 4.8 8 C484G4 C484R4 C484D45 6.0 8 C484G5 C484R5 C484D56 7.2 8 C484G6 C484R6 C484D67.5 9.0 8 C484G7.5 C484R7.5 C484D7.58 9.6 8 C484G8 C484R8 C484D89 10.8 8 C484G9 C484R9 C484D9

10 12.0 8 C484G10 C484R10 C484D1012 14.4 13 C484G12 C484R12 C484D1212.5 15.0 13 C484G12.5 C484R12.5 C484D12.513 15.6 13 C484G13 C484R13 C484D1313.5 16.2 13 C484G13.5 C484R13.5 C484D13.514 16.8 8 C484G14 C484R14 C484D1415 18.0 8 C484G15 C484R15 C484D1516 19.2 13 C484G16 C484R16 C484D1617 20.4 13 C484G17 C484R17 C484D1717.5 21.0 13 C484G17.5 C484R17.5 C484D17.518 21.7 13 C484G18 C484R18 C484D1819 22.8 13 C484G19 C484R19 C484D1920 24.1 13 C484G20 C484R20 C484D2021 25.3 13 C484G21 C484R21 C484D2122 26.5 13 C484G22 C484R22 C484D2222.5 27.1 13 C484G22.5 C484R22.5 C484D22.524 28.9 13 C484G24 C484R24 C484D2425 30.1 13 C484G25 C484R25 C484D2527 32.5 13 C484G27 C484R27 C484D2730 36.1 13 C484G30 C484R30 C484D30

32.5 39.1 13 C485G32.5 C485R32.5 C485D32.535 42.1 22 C485G35 C485R35 C485D3540 48.1 22 C485G40 C485R40 C485D4042.5 51.1 22 C485G42.5 C485R42.5 C485D42.545 54.1 24 C485G45 C485R45 C485D4547.5 57.1 24 C485G47.5 C485R47.5 C485D47.550 60.1 24 C485G50 C485R50 C485D50

52.5 63.1 36 C486G52.5 C486R52.5 C486D52.555 66.2 36 C486G55 C486R55 C486D5557.5 69.2 36 C486G57.5 C486R57.5 C486D57.560 72.2 36 C486G60 C486R60 C486D6062.5 75.2 36 C486G62.5 C486R62.5 C486D62.565 78.2 36 C486G65 C486R65 C486D6570 84.2 38 C486G70 C486R70 C486D7075 90.2 38 C486G75 C486R75 C486D7577.5 93.2 38 C486G77.5 C486R77.5 C486D77.5

80 96.2 55 C488G80 C488R80 C488D8085 102.2 55 C488G85 C488R85 C488D8587.5 105.2 55 C488G87.5 C488R87.5 C488D87.590 108.3 55 C488G90 C488R90 C488D9095 114.3 55 C488G95 C488R95 C488D95

100 120.3 55 C488G100 C488R100 C488D100

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83

Mounting optionsFor mounting options, see page 4. Base mounting is standard.

Capacitor state indication systemSee page 4.

NOTE: ABB's patented IPE design eliminates the need foradditional overcurrent protection when capacitors are electricallyconnected on the load side of a motor starter circuit breaker orfusible disconnect switch.


6


RatedCurrent

Per PhaseCatalog Number



Individual capacitors3-phase600 Volt, 60 Hz

➀ When the wall mounting kit is used with enclosure sizes 63, 83 & 93, it is recommended to order the rack style enclosure.

NOTE: ABB's patented IPE design eliminates the need for additional overcurrent protection when capacitors are electrically connectedon the load side of a motor starter circuit breaker or fusible disconnect switch.

2

2.2 1.9 8 C604G2.2 C604R2.2 C604D2.23 2.9 8 C604G3 C604R3 C604D34 3.8 8 C604G4 C604R4 C604D45 4.8 8 C604G5 C604R5 C604D57.5 7.2 8 C604G7.5 C604R7.5 C604D7.5

10 9.6 8 C604G10 C604R10 C604D1014 13.5 8 C604G14 C604R14 C604D1415 14.4 8 C604G15 C604R15 C604D1517.5 16.8 13 C604G17.5 C604R17.5 C604D17.520 19.2 13 C604G20 C604R20 C604D2025 24.1 13 C604G25 C604R25 C604D2530 28.9 13 C604G30 C604R30 C604D30



90 86.6 53 C608G90 C608R90 C608D9095 91.4 53 C608G95 C608R95 C608D95

100 96.2 55 C608G100 C608R100 C608D100


83

63

53

43

EnclosureSize

KvarRating


Enclosure Type





-2LE -2LF

Catalog No. Suffixend (narrow side)

Catalog No. Suffixend (wide side)

The capacitor state indication system consists of two yellow LED lightswhich illuminate only when the capacitor is energized and functioning at65% or more of its rated kvar capacity.The two light system will indicate a failure in any one of the threephases of the capacitor.

7



NOTE: ABB's patented IPE design eliminates the need for additional overcurrent protection when capacitors are electrically connected onthe load side of a motor starter circuit breaker or fusible disconnect switch.

Individual capacitorswith Fuses and blown fuse indicators, 3 phase240 Volt, 60 Hz

ABB Control capacitors are fully protected by the three levels ofprotection offered by the patented Sequential Protection Systemwhich includes dry self-healing capacitors, internally protectedelements and the dry non-flammable vermiculite filler. However,some users have traditionally requested external fuses andblown fuse indicators, so these modified units are offered forthose applications.


2

Indoor – Nema 12Outdoor--Nema 3RIndoor - Nema 1

Enclosure TypeApprox.ShippingWeight(Lbs.) Catalog Number Catalog NumberCatalog Number

kvarRating

EnclosureStyle

RatedCurrent

Per Phase

FuseAmps/Type

1 2.4 6/CC 8 C244G1-3FI C244R1-3FI C244D1-3FI1.5 3.6 10/CC 8 C244G1.5-3FI C244R1.5-3FI C244D1.5-3FI2 4.8 12/CC 8 C244G2-3FI C244R2-3FI C244D2-3FI2.5 6.0 15/CC 8 C244G2.5-3FI C244R2.5-3FI C244D2.5-3FI3 7.2 20/CC 8 C244G3-3FI C244R3-3FI C244D3-3FI3.5 8.4 20/CC 8 C244G3.5-3FI C244R3.5-3FI C244D3.5-3FI4 9.6 25/CC 8 C244G4-3FI C244R4-3FI C244D4-3FI5 12.0 30/CC 8 C244G5-3FI C244R5-3FI C244D5-3FI6 14.4 45/T 8 C244G6-3FI C244R6-3FI C244D6-3FI7 16.8 50/T 8 C244G7-3FI C244R7-3FI C244D7-3FI7.5 18.0 60/T 8 C244G7.5-3FI C244R7.5-3FI C244D7.5-3FI8 19.2 60/T 8 C244G8-3FI C244R8-3FI C244D8-3FI

9 21.7 45/J 13 C245G9-3FI C245R9-3FI C245D9-3FI10 24.1 50/J 13 C245G10-3FI C245R10-3FI C245D10-3FI11 26.5 50/J 13 C245G11-3FI C245R11-3FI C245D11-3FI12 28.9 60/J 13 C245G12-3FI C245R12-3FI C245D12-3FI12.5 30.1 60/J 13 C245G12.5-3FI C245R12.5-3FI C245D12.5-3FI14 33.7 60/J 13 C245G14-3FI C245R14-3FI C245D14-3FI

15 36.1 80/A60C 13 C246G15-3FI C246R15-3FI C246D15-3FI17 40.9 80/60AC 22 C246G17-3FI C246R17-3FI C246D17-3FI20 48.1 125/A60C 22 C246G20-3FI C246R20-3FI C246D20-3FI22.5 54.2 125/A60C 22 C246G22.5-3FI C246R22.5-3FI C246D22.5-3FI25 60.1 150/A60C 22 C246G25-3FI C246R25-3FI C246D25-3FI30 72.2 175/A60C 22 C246G30-3FI C246R30-3FI C246D30-3FI35 84.2 200/A60C 22 C246G35-3FI C246R35-3FI C246D35-3FI40 96.2 225/A60C 24 C246G40-3FI C246R40-3FI C246D40-3FI

45 108.3 250/A60C 33 C248G45-3FI C248R45-3FI C248D45-3FI50 120.3 250/A60C 33 C248G50-3FI C248R50-3FI C248D50-3FI55 132 250/A60C 36 C248G55-3FI C248R55-3FI C248D55-3FI60 144.3 250/A60C 36 C248G60-3FI C248R60-3FI C248D60-3FI

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208 Volt availabilityFor 208 volt applications, derate the 240V capacitors. The kvar at 208Vwill be .75 times the kvar at 240V.

83


8


Enclosure Type


Catalog Number Catalog NumberCatalog Number

kvarRating

EnclosureStyle

RatedCurrent

Per Phase

FuseAmps/Type



43


NOTE: ABB's patented IPE design eliminates the need for additional overcurrent protection when capacitors are electrically connected onthe load side of a motor starter circuit breaker or fusible disconnect switch.

2

53

63

83

93

1.5 1.8 5/CC 8 C484G1.5-3FI C484R1.5-3FI C484D1.5-3FI2 2.4 6/CC 8 C484G2-3FI C484R2-3FI C484D2-3FI2.5 3.0 8/CC 8 C484G2.5-3FI C484R2.5-3FI C484D2.5-3FI3 3.6 10/CC 8 C484G3-3FI C484R3-3FI C484D3-3FI4 4.8 12/CC 8 C484G4-3FI C484R4-3FI C484D4-3FI5 6.0 15/CC 8 C484G5-3FI C484R5-3FI C484D5-3FI6 7.2 20/CC 8 C484G6-3FI C484R6-3FI C484D6-3FI7.5 9.0 25/CC 8 C484G7.5-3FI C484R7.5-3FI C484D7.5-3FI8 9.6 25/CC 8 C484G8-3FI C484R8-3FI C484D8-3FI9 10.8 30/CC 8 C484G9-3FI C484R9-3FI C484D9-3FI

10 12.0 30/CC 8 C484G10-3FI C484R10-3FI C484D10-3FI12 14.4 45/T 13 C484G12-3FI C484R12-3FI C484D12-3FI12.5 15.0 45/T 13 C484G12.5-3FI C484R12.5-3FI C484D12.5-3FI13 15.6 50/T 13 C484G13-3FI C484R13-3FI C484D13-3FI13.5 16.2 50/T 13 C484G13.5-3FI C484R13.5-3FI C484D13.5-3FI14 16.8 50/T 8 C484G14-3FI C484R14-3FI C484D14-3FI15 18.0 60/T 8 C484G15-3FI C484R15-3FI C484D15-3FI16 19.2 60/T 13 C484G16-3FI C484R16-3FI C484D16-3FI

17 20.4 40/J 13 C485G17-3FI C485R17-3FI C485D17-3FI17.5 21.0 40/J 13 C485G17.5-3FI C485R17.5-3FI C485D17.5-3FI18 21.7 45/J 13 C485G18-3FI C485R18-3FI C485D18-3FI19 22.8 45/J 13 C485G19-3FI C485R19-3FI C485D19-3FI20 24.1 50/J 13 C485G20-3FI C485R20-3FI C485D20-3FI21 25.3 50/J 13 C485G21-3FI C485R21-3FI C485D21-3FI22 26.5 50/J 13 C485G22-3FI C485R22-3FI C485D22-3FI22.5 27.1 50/J 13 C485G22.5-3FI C485R22.5-3FI C485D22.5-3FI24 28.9 60/J 13 C485G24-3FI C485R24-3FI C485D24-3FI25 30.1 60/J 13 C485G25-3FI C485R25-3FI C485D25-3FI27 32.5 60/J 13 C485G27-3FI C485R27-3FI C485D27-3FI

30 36.1 80/A60C 13 C486G30-3FI C486R30-3FI C486D30-3FI32.5 39.1 100/A60C 13 C486G32.5-3FI C486R32.5-3FI C486D32.5-3FI35 42.1 100/A60C 22 C486G35-3FI C486R35-3FI C486D35-3FI37.5 45.1 100/A60C 22 C486G37.5-3FI C486R37.5-3FI C486D37.5-3FI40 48.1 125/A60C 22 C486G40-3FI C486R40-3FI C486D40-3FI42.5 51.1 125/A60C 22 C486G42.5-3FI C486R42.5-3FI C486D42.5-3FI45 54.1 125/A60C 24 C486G45-3FI C486R45-3FI C486D45-3FI47.5 57.1 125/A60C 24 C486G47.5-3FI C486R47.5-3FI C486D47.5-3FI50 60.1 150/A60C 24 C486G50-3FI C486R50-3FI C486D50-3FI

52.5 63.1 150/A60C 36 C488G52.5-3FI C488R52.5-3FI C488D52.5-3FI55 66.2 150/A60C 36 C488G55-3FI C488R55-3FI C488D55-3FI57.5 69.2 150/A60C 36 C488G57.5-3FI C488R57.5-3FI C488D57.5-3FI60 72.2 175/A60C 36 C488G60-3FI C488R60-3FI C488D60-3FI62.5 75.2 175/A60C 36 C488G62.5-3FI C488R62.5-3FI C488D62.5-3FI65 78.2 175/A60C 36 C488G65-3FI C488R65-3FI C488D65-3FI70 84.2 200/A60C 38 C488G70-3FI C488R70-3FI C488D70-3FI75 90.2 200/A60C 40 C488G75-3FI C488R75-3FI C488D75-3FI77.5 93.2 200/A60C 40 C488G77.5-3FI C488R77.5-3FI C488D77.5-3FI

80 96.2 225/A60C 53 C489G80-3FI C489R80-3FI C489D80-3FI85 102.2 225/A60C 55 C489G85-3FI C489R85-3FI C489D85-3FI87.5 105.2 225/A60C 53 C489G87.5-3FI C489R87.5-3FI C489D87.5-3FI90 108.3 225/A60C 53 C489G90-3FI C489R90-3FI C489D90-3FI95 114.3 250/A60C 53 C489G95-3FI C489R95-3FI C489D95-3FI

100 120.3 250/A60C 55 C489G100-3FI C489R100-3FI C489D100-3FI

9




43



NOTE: ABB's patented IPE design eliminates the need for additional overcurrent protection when capacitors are electricallyconnected on the load side of a motor starter circuit breaker or fusible disconnect switch.

2


Enclosure Type



kvarRating

EnclosureStyle

RatedCurrent

Per Phase

FuseAmps/Type

93




83

53

63

2.2 2.1 6/CC 8 C604G2.2-3FI C604R2.2-3FI C604D2.2-3FI3 2.9 8/CC 8 C604G3-3FI C604R3-3FI C604D3-3FI4 3.8 10/CC 8 C604G4-3FI C604R4-3FI C604D4-3FI5 4.8 12/CC 8 C604G5-3FI C604R5-3FI C604D5-3FI7.5 7.2 20/CC 8 C604G7.5-3FI C604R7.5-3FI C604D7.5-3FI

10 9.6 25/CC 8 C604G10-3FI C604R10-3FI C604D10-3FI14 13.5 40/T 13 C604G14-3FI C604R14-3FI C604D14-3FI15 14.4 45/T 13 C604G15-3FI C604R15-3FI C604D15-3FI17.5 16.8 50/T 13 C604G17.5-3FI C604R17.5-3FI C604D17.5-3FI20 19.2 60/T 13 C604G20-3FI C604R20-3FI C604D20-3FI

25 24.1 50/J 13 C605G25-3FI C605R25-3FI C605D25-3FI30 28.9 60/J 13 C605G30-3FI C605R30-3FI C605D30-3FI

35 33.7 80/A60C 24 C606G35-3FI C606R35-3FI C606D35-3FI40 38.5 100/A60C 24 C606G40-3FI C606R40-3FI C606D40-3FI45 43.3 100/A60C 24 C606G45-3FI C606R45-3FI C606D45-3FI50 48.1 125/A60C 34 C606G50-3FI C606R50-3FI C606D50-3FI

60 57.7 125/A60C 36 C608G60-3FI C608R60-3FI C608D60-3FI70 67.4 150/A60C 38 C608G70-3FI C608R70-3FI C608D70-3FI75 72.3 175/A60C 38 C608G75-3FI C608R75-3FI C608D75-3FI80 77.0 175/A60C 38 C608G80-3FI C608R80-3FI C608D80-3FI

90 86.6 200/A60C 55 C609G90-3FI C609R90-3FI C609D90-3FI95 91.4 200/A60C 55 C609G95-3FI C609R95-3FI C609D95-3FI

100 96.2 225/A60C 55 C609G100-3FI C609R100-3FI C609D100-3FI


10

P244R2.5

The CLMD-PJ capacitor is ideally suited for oil-field pumpingunits and other outdoor applications. Standard featuresinclude:

• Outdoor, weatherproof enclosure• 4 feet of 10 gauge, 4-conductor wire for ease of installation• Convenient pole-mounting design• Lightweight, totally dry construction

2.5 P244R2.53.5 P244R3.55 P244R5

10 P244R1012.5 P244R12.514 P244R1415 P244R15

1.5 P484R1.52 P484R23 P484R34 P484R45 P484R56 P484R67.5 P484R7.5

10 P484R1015 P484R1520 P484R2021 P484R2122.5 P484R22.525 P484R2527 P484R2730 P484R30

Individual capacitorsPump jack240 & 480 Volt, 60 Hz


CatalogNumber

kvarRating

EnclosureSize

CatalogNumber

kvarRating

EnclosureSize

Steel enclosure – 480 Volt, 60 Hz., 3-PhaseSteel enclosure – 240 Volt, 60 Hz., 3-Phase

43

208 Volt availabilityFor 208 volt applications, derate the 240V capacitors. The kvar at208V will be .75 times the kvar at 240V.

43

2


11


The CLMD-13 capacitor is ideally suited for use in motorcontrol centers, control panels and other indoor applica-tions. Standard features include:

• Indoor, steel enclosure• Easy electrical connection by means of a terminal block mounted on top of the capacitor enclosure (#4 - #18GA)• Convenient ground lug mounted on top of the capacitor enclosure• Mounting feet for easy installation• Lightweight, small dimensions, totally dry construction Options and accessories include:

– Wall mounting bracket– Mounting tray– Remote state indication

C201G.8

Type

Options

Type

Accessories

13

NOTE: ABB's patented IPE design eliminates the need foradditional overcurrent protection when capacitors are electri-cally connected on the load side of a motor starter circuitbreaker or fusible disconnect switch.

Individual capacitorsType CLMD-13208, 240, 480 & 600 Volt, 60 Hz

Encl.Size

Indoor- Nema 1

13

13

480 Volt, 60 Hz., 3-Phase

➀ Add suffix to end of catalog number.


Catalog Number

kvarRating

1 2.4 6 C241G11.5 3.6 6 C241G1.52 4.8 6 C241G22.5 6.0 6 C241G2.53.5 8.4 6 C241G3.55 12.0 6 C241G57.5 18.0 6 C241G7.5

10 24.1 6 C241G10

.8 2.2 6 C201G.81.1 3.1 6 C201G1.12 5.6 6 C201G22.5 6.9 6 C201G2.53 8.3 6 C201G34 11.1 6 C201G45 13.9 6 C201G57.5 20.8 6 C201G7.5

13

Catalog NumberSuffix

Catalog Number

Wall mounting bracket CLMD13-WMMounting tray CLMD13-MT

.9 1.1 6 C481G.91.5 1.8 6 C481G1.52 2.4 6 C481G22.5 3.0 6 C481G2.53.5 4.2 6 C481G3.54 4.8 6 C481G45 6.0 6 C481G56 7.2 6 C481G67.5 9.0 6 C481G7.58 9.6 6 C481G89 10.8 6 C481G9

10 12.0 6 C481G1014 16.8 6 C481G1415 18.0 6 C481G1517 20.4 6 C481G17

208 Volt, 60 Hz., 3-PhaseApprox.ShippingWeight(Lbs.)

RatedCurrent

Per Phase(Amps)


Encl.Size

Indoor- Nema 1

Catalog Number

kvarRating


RatedCurrent

Per Phase(Amps)

Enclosure Type

Enclosure Type

Encl.Size

Indoor- Nema 1

Catalog Number

kvarRating


RatedCurrent

Per Phase(Amps)

Enclosure Type

Encl.Size

Indoor- Nema 1

Catalog Number

kvarRating


RatedCurrent

Per Phase(Amps)

Enclosure Type

2 1.9 6 C601G23 2.9 6 C601G34 3.8 6 C601G45 4.8 6 C601G57.5 7.2 6 C601G7.5

10 9.6 6 C601G1015 14.4 6 C601G15

Wall mounting –WM ➀

Remote state indicationTwo LEDs –2L ➀

2



12

.8 2.2 6 C201G.8SC1.1 3.1 6 C201G1.1SC2 5.6 6 C201G2SC2.5 6.9 6 C201G2.5SC3 8.3 6 C201G3SC4 11.1 6 C201G4SC5 13.9 6 C201G5SC7.5 20.8 6 C201G7.5SC

The CLMD-13SC (Stud Connected) capacitor is ideallysuited for use in motor control centers, control panels andother indoor applications. Standard features include:

• Indoor, steel enclosure with cover• Three stud terminals for electrical connection or

capacitor parallel bus bar connection• Mounting feet for easy capacitor installation• Lightweight, small dimensions, totally dry construction Accessories include:

–Bus bar kits for capacitor parallel connection–Mounting tray

13

13

13

C201G.8SC

13

Type Catalog Number

Bus bar kit CLMD13-BK(includes three bus bars)

Mounting tray CLMD13-MT

Accessories

NOTE; ABB's patented IPE design eliminates the need foradditional overcurrent protection when capacitors are electri-cally connected on the load side of a motor starter circuitbreaker or fusible disconnect switch.

Individual capacitorsType CLMD-13SC, Stud connected208, 240, 480 & 600 Volt, 60 Hz

1 2.4 6 C241G1SC1.5 3.6 6 C241G1.5SC2 4.8 6 C241G2SC2.5 6.0 6 C241G2.5SC3.5 8.4 6 C241G3.5SC5 12.0 6 C241G5SC7.5 18.0 6 C241G7.5SC

10 24.1 6 C241G10SC

.9 1.1 6 C481G.9SC1.5 1.8 6 C481G1.5SC2 2.4 6 C481G2SC2.5 3.0 6 C481G2.5SC3.5 4.2 6 C481G3.5SC4 4.8 6 C481G4SC5 6.0 6 C481G5SC6 7.2 6 C481G6SC7.5 9.0 6 C481G7.5SC8 9.6 6 C481G8SC9 10.8 6 C481G9SC

10 12.0 6 C481G10SC14 16.8 6 C481G14SC15 18.0 6 C481G15SC17 20.4 6 C481G17SC

Indoor- Nema 1

Catalog Number

Enclosure Type


Indoor- Nema 1

Catalog Number

Enclosure Type

Indoor- Nema 1

Catalog Number

Enclosure Type



Indoor- Nema 1

Catalog Number

Enclosure Type

2 1.9 6 C601G2SC3 2.9 6 C601G3SC4 3.8 6 C601G4SC5 4.8 6 C601G5SC7.5 7.2 6 C601G7.5SC

10 9.6 6 C601G10SC15 14.4 6 C601G15SC

2



Encl.Size

kvarRating


RatedCurrent

Per Phase(Amps)

Encl.Size

kvarRating


RatedCurrent

Per Phase(Amps)

Encl.Size

kvarRating


RatedCurrent

Per Phase(Amps)

Encl.Size

kvarRating


RatedCurrent

Per Phase(Amps)

13


F246G250

Suitable for direct compensation where fixed power factorcorrection is desired.

Features include:• Dry environmentally safe construction• Self healing capability• Patented Internal Protected Elements• Individual units connected by bus bar• Indoor, dusttight or raintight enclosure• Easy mounting• Easy electrical connection to large terminals• Convenient grounding lug

Fixed capacitor banks3 Phase, Internally Protected elements240, 480 & 600 Volt, 60 Hz


NOTE: ABB's patented IPE design eliminates the need foradditional overcurrent protection when capacitors are electricallyconnected on the load side of a motor starter circuit breaker orfusible disconnect switch.

➀ For additional kvar ratings not listed above, please consult factory.

208 Volt availabilityFor 208 volt applications, derate the 240V capacitors. The kvar at208V will .75 times the kvar at 240V.


Enclosure Type


80 2/40 F246G80 F246R80 F246D8090 2/45 F246G90 F246R90 F246D90

100 2/50 F246G100 F246R100 F246D100110 2/55 F246G110 F246R110 F246D110120 2/60 F246G120 F246R120 F246D120130 1/40, 2/45 F246G130 F246R130 F246D130150 3/50 F246G150 F246R150 F246D150160 2/80 F246G160 F246R160 F246D160180 3/60 F246G180 F246R180 F246D180200 4/50 F246G200 F246R200 F246D200250 5/50 F246G250 F246R250 F246D250300 5/60 F246G300 F246R300 F246D300


63

120 2/60 F486G120 F486R120 F486D120125 1-55/1-70 F486G125 F486R125 F486D125130 2/65 F486G130 F486R130 F486D130140 2/70 F486G140 F486R140 F486D140150 2/75 F486G150 F486R150 F486D150

160 2/80 F488G160 F488R160 F488D160175 2/87.5 F488G175 F488R175 F488D175180 2/90 F488G180 F488R180 F488D180200 2/100 F488G200 F488R200 F488D200

220 1-70/2-75 F486G220 F486R220 F486D220225 3/75 F486G225 F486R225 F486D225

240 3/80 F488G240 F488R240 F488D240250 1-90/2-80 F488G250 F488R250 F488D250260 2-90/1-80 F488G260 F488R260 F488D260280 1-100/2-90 F488G280 F488R280 F488D280300 3/100 F488G300 F488R300 F488D300350 4/87.5 F488G350 F488R350 F488D350360 4/90 F488G360 F488R360 F488D360400 4/100 F488G400 F488R400 F488D400450 5/90 F488G450 F488R450 F488D450475 5/95 F488G475 F488R475 F488D475500 5/100 F488G500 F488R500 F488D500600 6/100 F488G600 F488R600 F488D600



63

83

3


Totalkvar

➀

EnclosureSize

IndividualCapacitorsQty/kvar

IndividualCapacitors

Qty/kvar

Totalkvar➀

EnclosureSize

83

63

Enclosure Type


14

Fixed capacitor banks3 Phase Internally Protected Element240, 480 & 600Volt, 60Hz



Enclosure Type


Fuses and lights

83

63

63

63

83

83

120 2/60 F606G120 F606R120 F606D120160 2/80 F606G160 F606R160 F606D160

200 2/100 F608G200 F608R200 F608D200

240 3/80 F606G240 F606R240 F606D240

270 3/90 F608G270 F608R270 F608D270300 3/100 F608G300 F608R300 F608D300

320 4/80 F606G320 F606R320 F606D320

350 4/87.5 F608G350 F608R350 F608D350360 4/90 F608G360 F608R360 F608D360400 4/100 F608G400 F608R400 F608D400500 5/100 F608G500 F608R500 F608D500600 6/100 F608G600 F608R600 F608D600

Totalkvar➀

IndividualCapacitors

Qty/kvarEnclosure

Size

➀ For additional kvar ratings not listed above, please consult factory.➁ Wall mounting assembly for fixed banks are factory installed only and not sold separately.



State indication system -2LE

Item Catalog No. Suffixend (narrow side)

The capacitor state indication system consists of two yellow LED lightswhich illuminate only when the capacitor is energized and functioning at65% or more of its rated kvar capacity.The two light system will indicate a failure in any one of the threephases of each capacitor.

Wall mounting assemblies ➁

Type Catalog numbersuffix

Wall mounting -WM

3


Fuses & blown fuse indicators -3FI

Item Catalog No. Suffixend (narrow side)

15


AutoBank 1200 and 300Provides a system approach to maintaintarget power factor as loads vary.

ABB Capacitor Catalog Numbering SystemA 4 G 600 C 6 A 2 PF = Blown Fuse Indication, P = BFI with Push to TestHarmonic tuningSwitching Sequence: A 1,1,1,1; B 1,2,2,2; C 1,2,4,4Number of CapacitorsDisconnecting Means – B = Terminal, C = Circuit Breaker,

D = Non-fused Disconnect Switch, F = Fused Disconnect Switchkvar ratingEnclosure Type – G = Indoor, R = Outdoor, D = Dust proofVoltage – 2 = 240, 4 = 480, 6 = 600Model – A = 1200, AA = 300

ABB 300 and 1200Automatic Banks

ABB provides the complete solution toautomatic power factor correction by packagingproven ABB components. ABB Capacitors,Contactors, Power Factor Controllers, CircuitBreakers, Fusible Disconnects, and ABB PushButtons together provide a system of thehighest quality. ABB Capacitors provideexceptional performance using a dry typedesign that is environmentally safe. ABBContactors provide a complete range ofcontactors designed for capacitor switching.ABB’s Power Factor Controller offers an easy-to-use microprocessor-based controller withbuilt-in power factor meter. A variety ofdisconnect options are available, including ABBCircuit Breakers, Fusible and Non-FusibleSwitches.

• ModularityThe modular design allows for the installationof additional power and switch modules aswell as various options. Additional units maybe connected in parallel. The number ofcapacitors and contactors included in thepower modules depends on the automaticcapacitor bank total power and the possiblerequirement for anti-resonance reactors.• OptionsAnti-resonance reactors, filters, fans, blownfuse indication, push to test, non-fused andfused disconnect switches and circuit breakersare optional equipment items that can befactory installed in the automatic capacitorbank.• High reliabilityThe ABB Autobank incorporates the wellproven features of ABB dry type power factor

correction capacitor technology. The use of anABB power factor controller and endurancetested ABB EH contactors ensures the highestreliability of the equipment. ABB AutoBankscan be UL panel listed per application.• Very low lossesCapacitor total losses are less than 0.5 wattsper kvar. Autobank total losses (withoutreactors), including accessories such asPower Factor Controller and contactors areless than 1.5 watts per kvar.• Complete environmental acceptabilityABB capacitors have a dry type dielectric withno free liquid and do not pose any risk ofleakage or pollution of the environment.• Unique Sequential Protection System3 phase ABB capacitors are included withAutoBank products. These ABB capacitorsutilize a patented Sequential Protection


4



16

AutoBanks can be designed to operate inharmonic environments. Tuning reactors areadded to keep the capacitor currents withinrated values and keep system voltages todesired levels. Tuning frequencies of theAutoBank can be designed to suit your systemrequirements. Please consult factory.

ContentsStandard ABB AutoBank products include:• 1 to 12 capacitor steps, three phase• Incoming line termination (unless other

disconnecting means is specified)• Capacitor stage indicator lights• Power on light• One ABB power factor controller equipped

with:– Automatic no-voltage release– Manual/automatic control switch with LEDindication– LED indicating the capacitive or inductiveload and the number of steps energized– Automatic/manual setting of C/k– Digital built-in PF meter and fault indicator– Circular/linear switching selection– Automatic adaptation to network phaserotation and C.T. terminals

• ABB contactors• Discharge resistors• Power fuses• Control fuses• Terminal for connection to the C.T. A

separately mounted current transformer of aX/5A ratio, minimum precision Class 1, isrequired and is available as an option.Power consumption is less than 3 VA.

Technical DataRated voltage: 240-600V, 50/60 Hz, 3 phaseStandard kvar steps: 25, 50 & 100 kvar(other kvar step sizes available)Control voltage: 120V, 60 HzPower factor setting: Between 0.90capacitive and 0.7 inductiveC/k setting: Between 0.07 and 1AOperation: Automatic or manual with stepindication. LED indication of the number ofcapacitors energized and the capacitive orinductive demand.Discharge resistors includedDielectric losses: Less than 0.2 watt/kvarCapacitor total losses: Less than 0.5 watt/kvarAutomatic bank total losses (withoutreactors) including accessories such ascontactors and PF controller): Less than 1.5watt/kvarABB dry type self-healing capacitorsCapacitor dielectric test:• Between terminals and container: 3.0 kV, 60seconds.Capacitor automatic bank test:• Functional test• Dielectric testEnclosures:

– NEMA 1, 3R and Dustproof (RAL 7032,Beige)Top or bottom cable entryDimensions: Per applicationAmbient temperature: -40°C to +40°CInstallation: Lifting eyes are provided.Installation instructions are supplied with eachunit.

System which ensures that each individualcapacitor element is selectively and reliablydisconnected from the circuit at the end of itslife.• Long lifeLow losses and the self-healing properties ofABB capacitor elements help to ensure longoperating life.• SafetyABB capacitors are manufactured withvermiculite, a nonflammable and nontoxicmaterial. The dry vermiculite safely absorbsany energy produced within the capacitorenclosure and prevents any fire hazard in caseof failure. Unique cooling fins are fitted tosurround each capacitor element providingeffective heat dissipation.• ABB power factor controllerABB microprocessor-based and program-mable Power Factor Controllers (PFCs)provide for the setting of the target powerfactor and the sensitivity of the systemregulation. The PFCs maintain the selectedpower factor by switching on or off one ormore capacitor steps depending on the loadconditions of the system.• Compact design ensures quick installa-tionThe Autobank has compact overall dimen-sions, top or bottom cable entry access, andlifting eyes aid in fast, efficient handling andinstallation.

Harmonic Effect on CapacitorsCombinations of capacitors and systemreactances form series and parallel tunedcircuits at certain frequencies. When harmonicsources are added to the system, this canresult in higher than rated currents or higherthan rated voltages on the system compo-nents.

NOTICEPlacement and orientation of the current transformer are veryimportant for the correct operation of the automatic capacitorbank.

AutoBank

4


17



4

AutoBank 300240, 480 & 600 Volt, 60 Hz

240 VoltDustproofIndoor

kvar

25 AA2G25B5A AA2D25B5A50 AA2G50B5A AA2D50B5A75 AA2G75B6A AA2D75B6A

100 AA2G100B8A AA2D100B8A125 AA2G125B10A AA2D125B10A150 AA2G150B12A AA2D150B12A

CatalogNumber

CatalogNumber

480 Volt

DustproofIndoorkvar

50 AA4G50B3B AA4D50B3B75 AA4G75B5A AA4D75B5A

100 AA4G100B5A AA4D100B5A125 AA4G125B5A AA4D125B5A150 AA4G150B6A AA4D150B6A175 AA4G175B7A AA4D175B7A200 AA4G200B8A AA4D200B8A225 AA4G225B9A AA4D225B9A250 AA4G250B10A AA4D250B10A300 AA4G300B12A AA4D300B12A

CatalogNumber

CatalogNumber


kvar

100 AA6G100B5A AA6D100B5A125 AA6G125B5A AA6D125B5A150 AA6G150B6A AA6D150B6A175 AA6G175B7A AA6D175B70200 AA6G200B8A AA6D200B8A225 AA6G225B9A AA6D225B9A250 AA6G250B10A AA6D250B10A300 AA6G300B12A AA6D300B12A

CatalogNumber

CatalogNumber

Available options with ABB 300:• Blown Fuse Indication Lights• Blown Fuse Indication Lights with Push to Test• Circuit Breaker• Split Core Current Transformer

For other kvar sizes, number of steps, or options, please consult yourlocal ABB Control Representative.

NOTE: ABB Automatic Banks can be designed for harmonicenvironments. Please consult the factory concerning harmonic issues.

DescriptionProvides a fully automatic system in a compact design.

• Ratings: 240V: 25-150 kvar480V: 50-300 kvar600V: 100-300 kvar

• Size: 64"H x 32"W x 20"D• Fusing: Each step and each phase• Options: Main circuit breaker

Blown fuse indicationPush-to-test


18 DISCOUNT SCHEDULE DS-F3

4


kvar

100 A4G100B2A A4R100B2A A4D100B2A125 A4G125B3B A4R125B3B A4D125B3B150 A4G150B3A A4R150B3A A4D150B3A175 A4G175B4B A4R145B4B A4D175B4B200 A4G200B4A A4R200B4A A4D200B4A225 A4G225B5B A4R225B5B A4D225B5B250 A4G250B50 A4R250B5A A4D250B5A300 A4G300B6A A4R300B6A A4D300B6A350 A4G350B7A A4R350B7A A4D350B7A400 A4G400B8A A4R400B8A A4D400B8A450 A4G450B9A A4R450B9A A4D450B9A500 A4G500B10A A4R500B10A A4D500B10A550 A4G550B11A A4R550B11A A4D550B11A600 A4G600B12A A4R600B12A A4D600B12A650 A4G650B7B A4R650B7B A4D650B7B700 A4G700B7A A4R700B7A A4D700B7A800 A4G500B8A A4R800B8A A4D800B8A900 A4G900B9A A4R900B9A A4D900B9A

1000 A4G1000B10A A4R1000B10A A4D1000B10A1100 A4G1100B11A A4R1100B11A A4D1100B11A1200 A4G1200B12A A4R1200B12A A4D1200B12A

CatalogNumber

CatalogNumber

CatalogNumber

Outdoor

100 A6G100B2A A6R100B2A A6D100B2A125 A4G125B3B A6R125B3B A6D125B3B150 A6G120B3A A6R150B3A A6D150B3A175 A6G175B4B A6R175B4B A6D175B4B200 A6G200B4A A6R200B4A A6D200B4A225 A6G225B5B A6R225B5B A6D225B5B250 A6G250B5A A6R250B5A A6D250B5A300 A6G300B6A A6R300B6A A6D300B6A350 A6G350B7A A6R350B7A A6D350B7A400 A6G400B8A A6R400B8A A6D400B8A450 A6G450B9A A6R450B9A A6D450B9A500 A6G500B10A A6R500B10A A6D500B10A550 A6G550B11A A6R550B11A A6D550B11A600 A6G600B12A A6R600B12A A6D600B12A650 A6G650B7B A6R650B7B A6D650B7B700 A6G700B7A A6R700B7A A6D700B7A800 A6G500B8A A6R800B8A A6D800B8A900 A6G900B9A A6R900B9A A6D900B9A

1000 A6G1000B10A A6R1000B10A A6D1000B10A1100 A6G1100B11A A6R1100B11A A6D1100B11A1200 A6G1200B12A A6R1200B12A A6D1200B12A


kvarCatalogNumber

CatalogNumber

CatalogNumber

Outdoor

Available options with ABB 1200:• Blown Fuse Indication Lights• Blown Fuse Indication Lights with Push to Test• Circuit Breaker• Fused and Non-Fused Switches• Split Core Current Transformer

AutoBank 1200480 & 600 Volt, 60 Hz

DescriptionModular design delivers sought after features:• 480V & 600V units• Compact size• Easy installation & start-up

- Bottom & top cable entry- Simple to operate ABB controller

• Copper bus bar• Fusing of each step and in each phase• Proven ABB components

- ABB dry type capacitors- ABB micro-processor based controller- ABB contactors rated for capacitor switching

• Options- ABB circuit breakers or fusible & non-fusible disconnect switches- Blown fuse indication- Push to test- Outdoor enclosures

• Consult factory for other sizes

19


Current transformers (Split Core)This split core current transformer is designed for use withautomatic capacitor banks. The primary current will be determinedby:

The kVA value should represent the peak quarterhour demand.Split core current transformers are designed for assembly to anexisting electrical installation without the need for dismantling theprimary bus or cables. The portion of the transformer marked "ThisEnd Removable" can be disassembled and then reassembledaround the conductors that require current monitoring. The currenttransformer must have its secondary terminals short-circuited or theload connected before energizing the primary circuit.

The transformers are available in two sizes. Refer to dimensiondrawing for details.

I = kVA x 1000V x 1.732

X1X2

H1

THIS END REMOVABLE

1.6341.4

0.5012.7

AB

6.38162.0

7.31185.7

1.2531.8

0.7519.0

4.15105.4

3.96100.6

SPLIT-CORE CURRENT TRANSFORMER

00.0000.00

InchesMillimeters

MODEL NUMBER

500 501DIMENSION

A 10.25 (260.35) 14.75 (374.65)B 7.50 (190.50) 12.00 (304.80)

"A" & "B" Dimensions

AutoBankFactory modifications

Approximate dimensions

LargeSize

SmallSizeCurrent

Ratio

300:5 AC500T301 —400:5 AC500T401 AC501T401500:5 AC500T501 AC501T501600:5 AC500T601 AC501T601750:5 AC500T751 AC501T751800:5 AC500T801 AC501T801

1000:5 AC500T102 AC501T1021200:5 AC500T122 AC501T1221500:5 AC500T152 AC501T1521600:5 AC500T162 AC501T1622000:5 AC500T202 AC501T2022500:5 AC500T252 AC501T2523000:5 AC500T302 AC501T3023500:5 AC500T352 AC501T3524000:5 AC500T402 AC501T4025000:5 — AC501T5026000:5 — AC501T602

CatalogNumber

CatalogNumber

Current transformers (Split Core)

Automatic anti-resonance capacitor bank

4



20

5

SoftBankTransient free, rapid response auto banks

Typical ApplicationsCritical loads which cannot be interrupted bytransients:

Hospitals Airports Computer networking centers High tech manufacturing operations

Loads that have rapid variations in reactivepower compensation (kvar):

Elevators Injection molding DC drives Light rail transit systems Mining conveyors

Product DescriptionThe ABB Soft Switching Capacitor Bank orSoftBank is the answer to the needs of morerapid, more reliable and soft switching ofcapacitors. The SoftBank is the power factorcorrection system for applications involvingsensitive networks and equipment wherefrequent and/or transient-free switching isrequired.

SoftBank is supplied as a complete unit,factory tested and ready for installation. Thedesign has unique modularity and compactoverall dimensions.

SoftBank combines state-of-the-art powerelectronics with the conventional contactor insuch a way as to utilize the main advantagesof both technologies in capacitor switching.This provides exceptional SoftBank advan-tages:

• Transient free switchingAn ABB SoftBank does not disturb a sensitivenetwork or nearby sensitive equipmentbecause of the transient free switchingcharacteristic of solid state devices calledSoftSwitches. The SoftSwitch is a thyristor-based switching module. Depending onwhether the computed reactive power isinductive or capacitive, the SoftBank controllercloses an auxiliary contactor selecting thecapacitor step to be switched on or off. TheSoftSwitch switches on or off the capacitorstep according to a preset sequence avoidingtransients. Once the capacitor step isswitched, a conventional contactor closes oropens and releases the thyristors. TheSoftSwitch is then free to switch anothercapacitor step.• Rapid response timeThe inherent design of the switching circuitpermits rapid response time of approximatelyone second versus typical response times of30-60 seconds for conventional automaticcapacitor banks. This is achieved without theuse of special discharge devices.• Frequent switching capabilityThe contactors never make or break thecurrent. This is always handled by theSoftSwitch. Since the contactors are notsubject to the inrush currents limiting theirelectrical life in conventional automaticcapacitor banks, their life will be extended by afactor of approximately 10, permitting reliableoperation and long life in applications wherefrequent switching is required.

• Low lossesThe combination of power electronics andconventional contactors gives SoftBank thesame low losses as a conventional automaticcapacitor bank. Capacitor total losses are lessthan 0.5 watt per kvar and SoftBank totallosses (without reactors), including accesso-ries such as Power Factor Controller andcontactors are less than 1.5 watts per kvar.

• High reliabilitySoftBank incorporates the well proven featuresof ABB dry type power capacitor technology.The use of UL listed, CSA approved ABBpower factor controller and endurance tested

Anti-Resonance Capacitor Bank

Steps - 5, 6, 8, or 10

Disconnect means - C=Circuit Breaker, D=Non-fused disconnect switch, F=Fused disconnect switch

ABB Capacitor Catalog Numbering System

kvar rating

Enclosure type - G=NEMA 1, R=NEMA 3R, D=NEMA 12

Voltage - 20=208V, 24=240V, 38=380V, 48=480V, 60=600V

Capacitor type - S=SoftBank


S 48 G 500 C10 RB

21


SoftBank

ABB components including contactors, circuitbreakers, fused and non-fused disconnectswitches ensure the highest reliability of ABBcapacitor equipment.• VersatilityThe soft switching principle is applicable tocapacitor banks and detuned or tuned filterbanks. An important advantage with filterapplications is the improvement in rapidlyswitching of the filter bank. SoftBank isprovided with an ABB main breaker or mainfused or non-fused disconnect switch asstandard.• SizesSizes typically range from 200 KVAR to 1200KVAR at 480V in 1 to 11 steps.• Modularity & Expansion SoftBank modular design allows for theinstallation of additional power modules andcapacitors as well as various options.Additional units may be connected in parallel,allowing for the same reliable switchingfunction.• SafetyABB capacitors are manufactured withvermiculite, a nonflammable and nontoxicmaterial. The dry vermiculite safely absorbsany energy produced within the capacitorenclosure and prevents any fire hazard in caseof failure. Unique cooling fins are fitted tosurround each capacitor element and toprovide effective heat dissipation.• Long lifeLow losses and the self-healing properties ofABB capacitor elements guarantee SoftBank'slong life.• Unique Sequential Protection System3 phase ABB capacitors are included withSoftBank products. These ABB capacitorsutilize a patented Sequential ProtectionSystem which ensures that each individualcapacitor element is selectively and reliablydisconnected from the circuit at the end of itslife.• Complete environmental acceptabilityABB capacitors have a dry type dielectric withno free liquid and do not pose any risk ofleakage or pollution of the environment.• ABB power factor controllerABB microprocessor-based programmablePower Factor Controllers (PFCs) provide forthe setting of the target power factor and thesensitivity of the system regulation. The PFCsmaintain the selected power factor byswitching on or off one or more capacitor stepsdepending on the load conditions of thesystem.• Compact design ensures quick installa-tionSoftBank's compact overall dimensions,standard top entry cable access, and liftingeyes aid in fast, efficient handling andinstallation.

Harmonic Effect on CapacitorsCombinations of capacitors and systemreactances form series and parallel tunedcircuits at certain frequencies. When harmonicsources are added to the system, this canresult in higher than rated currents or higherthan rated voltages on the system compo-nents.SoftBanks can be designed to operate inharmonic environments. Tuning reactors areadded to keep the capacitor currents withinrated values and keep system voltages todesired levels. Tuning frequencies of theSoftBank can be designed to suit your systemrequirements. Please consult factory.

ContentsSoftBank products include:• Main disconnect• One ABB PFC equipped with:

- Automatic no-voltage release- Manual/automatic control switch with LED indication- LED indicating the capacitive or inductive load and the number of steps energized- Automatic/manual setting of C/k- Digital built-in PF meter and fault indicator- Circular/linear switching selection- Automatic adaptation to network phase rotation and C.T. terminals

• One SoftSwitch module• ABB capacitors• ABB contactors• Discharge resistors• Power fuses• Control fuses• Terminal for connecting the mains• Terminal for connection to the C.T.

Aseparately mounted current transformer ofa X/5A ratio, minimum precision Class 1, isrequired but not included with the SoftBank.Power consumption is less than 3 VA.

Technical DataRated voltage: Up to 208 - 600V, 50/60 Hz,single or3 phasePower factor setting: Between 0.90capacitive and 0.7 inductiveC/k setting: Between 0.07 and 1AOperation: Automatic or manual with stepindication. LED indication of the number ofcapacitors energized and the capacitive orinductive demand.Discharge resistors includedDielectric losses: Less than 0.2 watt/kvarCapacitor total losses: Less than 0.5 watt/kvarAutomatic bank total losses (withoutreactors) including accessories such ascontactors and PF controller: Less than 1.5watt/kvarABB dry type self-healing capacitorsCapacitor automatic bank test:• Functional test• Dielectric testEnclosures:

NEMA 1, 3R & Dustproof (RAL 7032 Beige)

Top or bottom cable entryDimensions: Per applicationAmbient temperature: -40°C to +40°C .Installation: Lifting lugs are provided.Installation instructions are supplied with eachunit.

NOTICEPlacement and orientation of the current transformerare very important for the correct operation of theautomatic capacitor bank.

5


22

6

D 48 G 500 C10 RBAnti-Resonance Capacitor Bank

Steps - 5, 6, 8, or 10

Disconnect means - C=Circuit Breaker, D=Non-fused disconnect switch, F=Fused disconnect switch

ABB Capacitor Catalog Numbering System

kvar rating

Enclosure type - G=NEMA 1, R=NEMA 3R, D=NEMA 12

Voltage - 20=208V, 24=240V, 38=380V, 48=480V, 60=600V

Capacitor type - D=DynaComp

DynaCompOne cycle response transient freecapacitor switching with no limit to thenumber of operations

DynaComp's solid state switching concept,combined with the well proven features of ABBpower capacitor technology, provides thefollowing exceptional advantages:• SizesSizes typically range from 300 KVAR to 3600KVAR at 480V in 1 to 11 steps• Dynamic response time and ultra-rapidswitchingDynaComp's solid state switching allows it toachieve dynamic response times in the rangeof one cycle. A typical application ofDynaComp is for lifting devices requiringrapidly varying amounts of reactive power. Byinstalling a DynaComp close to a crane or anelevator, voltage drops can be minimized anddisturbances on other equipment avoided.Simultaneously, the reactive power will beefficiently compensated locally, an impossibletask with conventional equipment. Theprinciple applies to many other types ofequipment with sudden large reactive powerrequirements such as large motors, welders,large injection molding machines, etc.• Transient free switchingDynaComp does not disturb sensitive networksor sensitive equipment. The switchingoperation is executed by solid state devices,whose main advantage is to enable transientfree switching with no wearing parts.

Typical Applications• Any critical loads which cannot be interrupted

by transients• Loads which require extremely rapid (less

than one cycle, 16.7 ms) reactive compensa-tion: Welders Elevators DC winches (off-shore oil platforms) Mining drag lines Rolling mills Cranes (Port Authority) Ski lift drives Stamping Saw mills

Product DescriptionThe ABB Dynamic Response Compensator orDynaComp is a capacitor or filter circuitswitched by solid state power electronicdevices without any moving parts. It is theultimate solution to the most demandingapplications in rapid power factor compensa-tion, filtering or transient control.

Reactive load switching which causesdisturbances on the network or where veryrapid compensation or filtering is required aremajor applications for DynaComp.


• Frequent switching capabilityThe absence of moving parts ensuresDynaComp a high reliability without limitationof the number of switching applications.Welding and lifting devices are typicalapplications of loads requiring large amountsof reactive power with a frequent switchingcycle. Switching events in the range of over100,000 times per day are achievable withDynaComp

23


DynaComp

• High reliabilityDynaComp incorporates the well provenfeatures of ABB dry type power factorcapacitor technology. Thyristor switching usesno moving parts.• Versatility & OptionsDynaComp's electronic solid state switching isapplicable to capacitor banks and detuned ortuned filter banks. An important advantagewith filter applications is the improvement inrapidly switching of the filter bank. DynaCompis provided with an ABB main breaker or mainfused or non-fused disconnect switch asstandard.• Modularity & ExpansionAlthough DynaComp products must bedesigned for individual applications, they canbe constructed rapidly due to their modulardesign. Additional units may be connected inparallel, allowing for the same reliableswitching functions.• SafetyABB capacitors are filled with vermiculite, anonflammable and nontoxic material. The dryvermiculite safely absorbs any energyproduced within the capacitor enclosure andprevents any fire hazard in case of failure.Unique cooling fins are fitted to surround eachcapacitor element and to provide effective heatdissipation.• Long lifeLow losses and the self-healing properties ofABB capacitor elements guaranteeDynaComp's long life.• Unique Sequential Protection SystemThe ABB patented Sequential ProtectionSystem ensures that each individual capacitorelement is selectively and reliably discon-nected from the circuit at the end of its life.• Complete environmental acceptabilityABB capacitors have a dry type dielectric withno free liquid and do not pose any risk ofleakage or pollution of the environment.• ABB VAR controllerABB microprocessor-based and program-mable VAR controller maintains VAR flows todesired levels.• Compact design ensures quick installa-tionDynaComp's compact overall dimensions,standard top entry cable access, and liftingeyes aid in fast, efficient handling andinstallation.

Harmonic Effect on CapacitorsCombinations of capacitors and systemreactances form series and parallel tunedcircuits at certain frequencies. When harmonicsources are added to the system, this canresult in higher than rated currents or higherthan rated voltages on the system compo-nents.

DynaComp can be designed to operate inharmonic environments. Tuning reactors areadded to keep the capacitor currents withinrated values and keep system voltages todesired levels. Tuning frequencies of theDynaComp can be designed to suit yoursystem requirements. Please consult factory.

ContentsDynaComp products include:• Main disconnect• One or more capacitor steps, single or three

phase• One ABB VAR controller equipped with: - Automatic no-voltage release - Manual/automatic control switch with

LED indication - LED indicating the capacitive or inductive

load and the number of steps energized - Circular or linear switching• ABB capacitors• One DynaSwitch per capacitor step• Discharge resistors• Power fuses• Control fuses• Terminal for connecting the mains• Terminal for connection to the C.T. A

separately mounted current transformer of aX/5A ratio, minimum precision Class 1, isrequired but not included with theDynaComp. Power consumption is less than3 VA.

Technical DataRated voltageUp to 208-600V, 50/60Hz, single or 3 phaseCapacitor step ratingUp to 600 kvarOperation: Automatic or manual with stepindication. LED indication of the number ofcapacitors energized and the capacitive orinductive demand.Discharge resistors included.ABB dry type self-healing capacitors.Enclosures: NEMA 1, 3R &

Dustproof (RAL 7032 Beige)Top or bottom cable entryDimensions: Per applicationAmbient temp. : -40°C to +40°CInstallation: Lifting eyes are provided.Installation instructions are supplied with eachunit.

NOTICEPlacement and orientation of the current transformerare very important for the correct operation of theautomatic capacitor bank.

6

24

7


WM 83K

Approximate dimensionsIndividual unitsWall mounting bracket

INDIVIDUAL CAPACITOR UNITSCONDUIT

KNOCKOUTSIZES ➀

A B C DRM

E

43

53

63

83

93

➀ Knockouts applicable to NEMA 1 only

Individual units

D E

6.0152.0

Option "RM" (rack-mount) 2-mtg. holes for .50" bolt.

A

B

C

2-Mt'g.holes for .50" bolt.

Knockouts for appropriate conduits in each end for NEMA 1 only.

Mounting feet not included with option "RM" (rack mount)

5.25135.0

5.00127.0

2.3860.5

00.0000.00

InchesMillimeters

ENCLOSURESIZE

Wall mounting bracketfor enclosure sizes 43, 53, 63, 83 & 93

7.06 9.31 10.50 10.93 .50 - .75179.0 236.5 267.0 278.0 12.7 - 19.0

13.75 16.00 17.18 12.31 .75 - 1.0349.0 406.0 436.0 312.0 19.05 - 25.4

13.75 16.00 17.18 19.18 1.0 - 1.25 8.87349.0 406.0 436.0 487.0 25.4 - 31.75 225.0

13.75 16.00 17.18 26.56 1.25 - 1.50 8.87349.0 406.0 436.0 675.0 31.75 - 38.0 225.0

13.75 16.00 17.18 30.56 –– 8.87349.0 406.0 436.0 776.0 225.0

N/A

5.00127.0

7

25


Approximate dimensionsPump jack capacitorPole mounting bracket

Pump jack capacitor - Steel, Enclosure Size 43

Option "PJ" (Pump Jack) Includes 3-phase 4-Wire, 4-ft. long cord with watertight hub

.50-.7512.7-19.0

10.93278.0

6.0152.0

2-Mt'g.holes for .50" bolt.

7.06179.0

9.31236.5

10.50267.0

Pole mounting bracketfor Enclosure Sizes 43 & 53

CAPACITOR

00.0000.00

InchesMillimeters

26

7


CLMD-13 CLMD-13SC – Stud Connected

Approximate dimensionsType CLMB-13

9.25235.0

16.20411.5

9.90251.5

CLMD-13, Tray Mounted CLMD-13SC - Bus Connected, Tray Mounted

6.57166.9

5.00127.0

2.3860.5

3.0076.2

9.50241.3

6.57166.9

5.00127.0

2.3860.5

3.0076.2

10.29261.4

9.25235.0

16.20411.5

10.70271.8

00.0000.00

InchesMillimeters

7

27


Approximate dimensionsType CLMD-13

CLMD-13SC BUSBAR Mounting tray

4.00101.6

3.2081.3

0.1874.7

0.7519.0

COVER

TERMINAL PLATE

ENCLOSURE

CLMD-13SC – Expanded View

00.0000.00

InchesMillimeters

9.25235.0

8.25209.5

9.45240.0

0.4010.2

16.20411.5

28

7


FIXED CAPACITOR BANKS

ENCLOSURE SIZE DIM. A UNITS PERBANK

22.12562.0

30.12765.0

38.12968.0

46.121171.0

54.121375.0

DIM. B

2

3

4

5

6

83 36.75

Fixed capacitor banks

63 29.5

B22.0559.0

16.0406.0

A

Approximate dimensionsFixed capacitor banks

Fixed bank wall mount –SideViewFixed bank wall mount – Front View

0.0

21.88

A

0.0 B

555.6

0.0

0.0 24.69

0.0

21.88

627.0

555.6

A

DIMENSIONS

UNITS PER BANK SIZE DIM. A DIM. B

29.19 18.38741.0 467.0

36.57 18.38929.0 467.0

36.57 26.38929.0 670.0

36.57 34.38929.0 873.0

63

83

00.0000.00

InchesMillimeters

2

2

3

4

7

29


Approximate dimensionsAutomatic capacitor banksAutoBank 300

31.5

63.0

1.5

18.0

2.0

FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW

AutoBank 300

Approximate dimensionsAutomatic capacitor banksAutoBank 1200

MAIN LUGS

CIRCUIT BREAKER

FUSED SWITCH

NON-FUSED SWITCH

36 36 36 36

36 36 36 36

36 36 36 36

36 36 48 48

36 36 48 48

36 48

36 48

36 48

36 48

72 84

72 84

84 96

84 96

108 120

108 120

72

36 36 36 36

36 36 36 36

36 36 36 36

36 36 36 36

36 36 36 36

72 84

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

KVAR

175

150

125

100

225

650

Disconnect means

72

727284

84

849696

120120

72

72

727284

848496

96

120

120

Dimensions

FRONT VIEW

35.8

87.4

2.0

1.5 FRONT VIEW

87.4

2.0

1.5

47.7 24.0

2.0

SIDE VIEW

AutoBank 1200

7

Terms & conditions

These terms and conditions govern all sales and shipments of controlequipment products (including parts and accessories).ABB Control Inc. hereby gives notice of its objection to any different oradditional terms and conditions except for such as may be expresslyaccepted by it in writing.

PricesPrices are subject to change without notice. Prices will be the prices ineffect at the time of shipment by ABB Control Inc. and include freight,prepaid and allowed to first destination in the continental United States.In the event of a price change, the effective date of the change will bethe date shown on the new price discount sheets. However, where aprice change is made by letter or telegram, the effective date will begiven as part of the announcement.

TaxesThe price does not include any Federal, state or local property, license,privilege, sales, use, excise, gross receipts or other like taxes whichmay now or hereafter be applicable. Payment by ABB Control Inc. ofany such taxes shall be for the account of purchaser.

Standard Terms of PaymentStandard terms of payment are according to the appropriate discountschedule (AC 5000 - AC 5002).

Payment and Late ChargesABB Control Inc. may require full or partial payment in advance if, in itssole judgement, the financial condition of the purchaser, at any timeprior to delivery, does not merit the terms of payment specified.

If shipments are delayed by the purchaser or by reason of any of thecauses referred to in the paragraph entitled "Excusable Delay",payments shall become due from the date when ABB Control Inc. isprepared to make shipment. Products held for the purchaser as a resultof such delay shall be at the risk and expense of the purchaser.

If the purchaser fails to pay any invoice when due, ABB Control Inc. maydefer deliveries under this or any other contract with purchaser, exceptupon prior receipt of satisfactory security foror cash in payment of any such invoice. Failure on the part of purchaserto pay invoices when due shall at the option ofABB Control Inc. constitute a default under this contract.

A service charge, the lesser of the highest rate allowed by law or 11/2%per month, or fraction thereof, for a maximum charge of 18% per annumwill be charged on all overdue accounts.

DeliveryDelivery of products shall be FOB point of shipment regardless oftransportation costs being "allowed", "prepaid" or collect". Where thescheduled delivery of products and parts is delayed by the purchaser orby reason of any of the causes referred to in the paragraph entitledExcusable Delay, ABB Control Inc. may deliver such products bymoving them to storage for the account of and at the risk of thepurchaser. Shipping dates are approximate and are based upon promptreceipt of all necessary information from purchaser. ABB Control Inc.reserves the right to make delivery in installments.

Purchaser Pick-upNo allowance will be made in lieu of transportation charges if thepurchaser accepts shipment at the factory, warehouse or freight station.Transportation charges will not be deducted from the purchase price.

Origin, Method of Shipment and RoutingABB Control Inc. shall determine the point of origin of shipment, themethod of transportation and the routing of shipment. Costs forshipment by means requested by purchaser different fromABB Control Inc.'s standard means of shipment are invoiced to thepurchaser as a separate charge.

Freight charges will be added to the price of any order under $100.

Excusable DelayABB Control Inc. shall not be liable for loss, damage, detention or delay,nor be deemed to be in default from causes beyond its reasonablecontrol, including without limitation, fire, flood, strike or other labordifficulty, act or omission of any governmental authority or of thepurchaser, insurrection or riot, embargo, delays or shortage intransportation or inability to obtain necessary labor, materials ormanufacturing facilities from usual sources.

In the event of delay in performance due to any such cause, the date ofdelivery will be postponed by such length of time as may be reasonablynecessary to compensate for the delay.

WarrantyABB Control Inc. warrants that on date of shipment to purchaser, thegoods will be the kind and quality described herein, merchantable andfree of defects in workmanship and material.

If within one year from date of initial operation, but not more thaneighteen months from date of shipment, should any failure to conformwith this warranty appear within such time, ABB Control Inc. shall, ifgiven prompt notice by purchaser, correct such nonconformity, at itsoption, either by repair or replacement F.O.B. repair facility or by refundof the purchase price of the nonconforming product or part. Return ofproducts to ABB Control Inc. pursuant to this paragraph shall be atpurchaser's risk and expense. The foregoing warranty is exclusive andin lieu of all other warranties of quality, expressed or implied, and allother warranties, including any warranty of merchantability or fitness fora particular purpose are hereby disclaimed.

Correction of nonconformities in the manner and for the period of timeprovided above shall be purchaser's exclusive remedy and shallconstitute fulfillment of all liabilities of ABB Control Inc. whether inwarranty, strict liability, contract, negligence, tort or otherwise withrespect to any nonconformance or defect in the product.

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to any product which has been:a) improperly repaired or altered, b) subjected to misuse,misapplication, negligence or accident, c) used in a manner contrary tomanufacturer's directions.

Limitation of LiabilityABB Control Inc.'s liability to purchaser on any claim in connection withthe product shall not exceed the purchase price of the product whichgives rise to the claim.

IN NO EVENT SHALL ABB CONTROL INC. BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL,INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES whether in warranty,contract, strict liability, tort, negligence or otherwise including but notlimited to loss of profits or revenue, loss of use of the product or anyassociated product, cost of capital, cost of substitute products, facilitiesor services, downtime costs or claims of customers of the purchaser forsuch or other damages.

Except as prohibited by law, all causes of action against ABB ControlInc. shall expire unless brought within one year of the time of accrualthereof. ABB CONTROL INC. NEITHER ASSUMES NORAUTHORIZES ANYONE TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER ORFURTHER LIABILITY THAN AS SET OUT ABOVE.

Patent IndemnityABB Control Inc. will at its own expense defend any suit which may bebrought against the Purchaser based on a claim that any apparatus orpart furnished under contract constitutes an infringement of any UnitedStates letter patent (provided ABB Control Inc. is notified promptly ofsuch suit and copies of all papers therein are delivered to ABB ControlInc.), and ABB Control Inc. agrees to pay all judgements and costsrecovered in any such suit and to reimburse the Purchaser for costs ofexpenses incurred in the defense of any such claim or suit. In case saidapparatus or any part is held to constitute infringement and the use of

8

32

7


Terms & conditions

the apparatus or part is enjoined, ABB Control Inc. shall at its ownexpense, either procure for the Purchaser the right to continue using theapparatus or part or replace it with non-infringing apparatus; or modify itso it becomes non-infringing, or remove the apparatus and refund thepurchase price and the transportation and installation cost thereof. Theforegoing states the entire liability of ABB Control Inc. for patentinfringement by apparatus or any part thereof.

Shipping loss or damageIn the event of shipping loss or damage: 1) Notification must be given toABB Control Inc. within 72 hours of delivery; 2) Written notice ofapparent loss or damage must be made on the carrier's delivery receipt;and 3) Concealed damage must be immediately reported to thedelivering carrier with a request for inspection. Purchaser shall complywith the foregoing procedure whether or not ABB Control Inc. has therisk of loss at the point of loss or damage to the shipment.

Title – risk of lossThe products sold hereunder shall remain the property ofABB Control Inc. and shall remain personal property until fully paid for incash, and purchaser agrees, if requested by ABB Control Inc. toexecute a further security agreement covering the products sold, and toperform all acts which may be necessary to perfect and assure retentionof title to such products by ABB Control Inc. Not withstanding anyagreement with respect to delivery terms, risk of loss or damage shallpass to the purchaser and delivery shall be deemed to be completeupon delivery to a private or common carrier or upon moving intostorage, whichever occurs first, at the point of shipment.

TerminationAny order or contract may be terminated by the purchaser only onwritten notice and upon payment of reasonable and proper terminationcharges, including without limitation, all costs identified to the order ofcontract incurred by ABB Control Inc. up to the date of notice oftermination and all charges incurred by ABB Control Inc. in respect ofthe termination.

ReturnsIn no event will ABB Control Inc. be responsible for unauthorized returnof products. Returns will be accepted only at ABB Control Inc.'s optionand subject to terms specified by ABB Control Inc. Authorization andshipping instructions for return of products must be obtained from ABBControl Inc. prior to return shipment. Product must be returned withproper identification. When a purchaser requests authorization to returnfor his own reasons, the return is subject to a minimum restockingcharge of 20% for standard inventoried product and for anytransportation paid by ABB Control Inc., both out and ingoing. Returns

will be accepted up to 60 days after invoice date. Goods returned forpurchaser's reason are subject to inspection and must be in goodworking condition, as new, and in original cartons.

Purchase ordersExcept as provided below, all orders must be in writing and showquantities and prices, complete description (including catalog numbers)of products requested and mutually agreed delivery dates.

Verbal orders received via telephone or otherwise must be confirmedwithin 5 days either by mail, telex or the equivalent. Verbal orders with apurchase price over $5,000 will not be processed until such writtenconfirmation is received.

Unless otherwise agreed in writing, an addition to a previously enteredorder will be accepted only at then applicable prices, discountschedules, conditions of sale, etc.

Special quotationsSpecial quotations will automatically expire 30 days from issuanceunless renewed in writing by ABB Control Inc.

AssignmentAny assignment of this contract, or any rights hereunder, without priorwritten consent of ABB Control Inc. by a duly authorized representativethereof shall be void.

Partial invalidityIf any provisions herein or portions thereof conflict with any statute orrule of law of the jurisdiction of applicable law or wherein the contractmay be sought to be enforced, then such provisions or portions thereofshall be deemed void to the extent that they may so conflict, but withoutinvalidating the remaining portions of such provisions or other provisionshereof.

RemediesThe remedies expressly provided for in the Conditions of Sale shall bein addition to any other remedies which ABB Control Inc. may haveunder the Uniform Commercial Code or other applicable law.

Choice of lawThe construction and performance of this contract and the rights andremedies of the parties hereto shall be governed by the laws of theState of Texas.

8

33

Application Manual

1. General Information ..................................35 – 36

2. Options for Correcting Power Factor ...................................................37 – 38

3. Application & Installation ...................39 – 40

4. Harmonic Phenomena ...........................41 – 43

5. Sizing Capacitors at the Motor Load ......................................................45 – 48

6. Capacitor Construction ........................49 – 51

7. Appendix ...........................................................53 – 55

This catalog is published for information purposes only and is not all inclusive. For additional information on products ortechnical information, consult ABB Control Inc. The installation and use of ABB Control Inc. products should be in accordancewith the provisions of the U.S. National Electric Code and/or other local codes or industry standards that are pertinent to theparticular end use. Installation or use not in accordance with these codes and standards could be hazardous to personnel and/or equipment.

2L1 L2 L3

T1 T2 T3

L1 L2 L3

1M

T1 T2 T3

2M

1OL

Circuit Protective Device

(if used)

A B C

Incoming Lines

XF

CCT(if specified)

X1

X2CXFU

CHFU CHFU

H1 H2H3

CR

13 14

1 3

2OL

A1

1

Busbar or

Wire

Application manualDry type power factor correction capacitors

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

100 AA4G100125 AA4G125150 AA4G150175 AA4G175200 AA4G200225 AA4G225250 AA4G250300 AA4G300

200

150

1001 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5

st = 60 Hz

um of 1st, 5th, 7th,1th, 13th, 17th & 19th

34

Appl

icatio

n M

anua

l

Chapter I. .................................................... Pg. 35 – 36

General Information• Basic concepts• What is power factor?• Why improve low power factor?• How capacitors correct low power factor• Capacitor rating

Chapter 2. ................................................... Pg. 37 – 38

Options for CorrectingPower Factor

• Options• Individual capacitor units• Fixed and automatic capacitor banks• Combination of individual, fixed & automatic• Where should capacitors be installed?

Chapter 3. ................................................... Pg. 39 – 40

Application & Installation• Application and installation• Special applications• Discharging time• Typical capacitor specifications• Capacitor connection locations

Chapter 4. ................................................... Pg. 41 – 43

Harmonic Phenomena• Problems created by harmonics• Origins of harmonic distortion• Waveform• Harmonic content• Harmonic overloading of capacitors• Harmonic resonance• Avoiding resonance• Overcoming resonance• Reduction of harmonic distortion• Types of filters• Load alteration• Harmonic analysis• Your ABB solution to harmonics• ABB capacitor features & service

Chapter 5. ................................................... Pg. 45 – 48

Sizing Capacitors at theMotor Load

• Sizing capacitors at the motor load• One selection method - using formulas• An alternate selection method - using charts• Sizing capacitors for improving system power factor• What is power factor cannot be determined because kVA is unknown?• How is the power factor correction chart used if existing power factor level is unknown?

Chapter 6. ................................................... Pg. 49 – 51

Capacitor Construction• Principal components of a 3-phase capacitor• What is metallized film element?• Advantages of metallized-film elements• More about self-healing elements• The IPE sequential protection system• What are discharge resistors• What is the significance of dry type design?

Chapter 7. ................................................... Pg. 53 – 55

Appendix• Typical recommended ratings of cables and protected devices• Extracts from NEC code requirements• Additional information

Table of contents

35

Application Manual

Chapter 1

General Information

Fig. 1

Motor

Active PowerReactive Power

ApparentPower

Fig. 2

kW (active power)

kVA (apparent power)

kvar

(re

activ

e po

wer

)

ø - Power Factor Angle

Basic ConceptsMost load on an electrical distribution system can becategorized into three types:

• Resistive

• Inductive

• Capacitive

On modern systems, the most common is the inductive load.Typical examples include transformers, fluorescent lighting andAC induction motors.

A common characteristic of these inductive loads is that theyutilize a winding in order to operate. This winding produces anelectromagnetic field which allows the motor or transformer tofunction and requires a certain amount of electrical power tomaintain this electromagnetic field.

All inductive load require two kinds of power to functionproperly:

• Active power (kW) - actually performs the work

• Reactive power (kvar) - sustains the electro– magnetic field

One common example of reactive power can be seen in anunloaded AC motor. When all load is removed from the motor,one might expect the no-load current to drop near zero. In truth,however, the no-load current will generally show a valuebetween 25% and 30% of full load current. This is because ofthe continuous demand for magnetizing current by any inductiveload.

Active power is the total power indicated on a wattmeter.Apparent power is the combination of reactive and active power.

What is Power Factor?Power factor is the relationship between working (active) powerand total power consumed (apparent power). Essentially, powerfactor is a measurement of how effectively electrical power isbeing used. The higher the power factor, the more effectivelyelectrical power is being used.

A distribution system’s operating power is composed of twoparts: Active (working) power and reactive (non-working

magnetizing) power. The ACTIVE power performs the usefulwork . . . the REACTIVE power does not. It's only function is todevelop magnetic fields required by inductive devices.

Generally, power factor decreases (phi increases) withincreased motor load. This geometric relationship of apparentpower to active power is traditionally expressed by the righttriangle relationship of:

Cos phi = p.f. = kW/kVA

Why Improve Low Power Factor?Low power factor means poor electrical efficiency. The lower thepower factor, the higher the apparent power drawn from thedistribution network.

When low power factor is not corrected, the utility must providethe nonworking reactive power IN ADDITION to the workingactive power. This results in the use of larger generators,transformers, bus bars, wires, and other distribution systemdevices that otherwise would not be necessary. As the utility’scapital expenditures and operating costs are going to be higher,they are going to pass these higher expenses to industrial usersin the form of power factor penalties.

Advantages of Improving Low Power Factor — Saving Money!!

• High power factor eliminates utility power factor penalties.

• High power factor reduces the heating losses oftransformers and distribution equipment, prolonging life ofthe equipment.

• High power factor stabilizes voltage levels.

• Increased system capacity

Figure 3 illustrates the relationship of power factor to totalcurrent consumed. With a power factor of 1.0 given a constant

1

36

Appl

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Capacitor

Motor Motor

Utility

Utility

Motor Motor

WITHOUT CAPACITORS

WITH CAPACITORS

Reactive PowerActive Power

Available Active Power

Fig. 4

579.5 kVA1

ø1 = 45° = .70 P.F.

ø2 = 15° = .96 P.F.

424.3 kVA2

410 kW

kvar

210

9.8

Cap

acito

r kv

ar =

300

Cap

acito

r kv

ar1

= 4

09.8

155.2 kVA

Reduction

200

150

100

% C

urre

nt

Power Factor COS ø

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5Fig. 3

Fig. 5

1

Power factor correction capacitors reduce the total currentdrawn from the distribution system and subsequently increasesystem capacity by raising the power factor level.

Capacitor RatingPower factor correction capacitors are rated in electrical unitscalled “vars”. One var is equivalent to one volt ampere ofreactive power. Vars are units of measurement for indicatinghow much reactive power the capacitor will supply.

As reactive power is usually measured in thousands of vars, theletter “k” (abbreviation for “kilo”, meaning thousands) precedesthe var creating the more familiar “kvar” term.

The capacitor kvar rating shows how much reactive power thecapacitor will supply. Each unit of the capacitor’s kvar willdecrease the inductive reactive power demand (magnetizingdemand) by the same amount.

EXAMPLE:

A low voltage network requires 410 kW active power at full load,and the power factor is measured to be .70. Therefore, thesystem’s full load consumption of apparent power is 579.5 kVA.If 300 kvar of capacitive reactive power is installed, the powerfactor will rise to .96 and the kVA demand will be reduced from579.5 to 424.3 kVA. See Fig. 5.

load, the 100% figure represents the required useful current.

As the power factor drops from 1.0 to .9, power is used lesseffectively. Therefore, 10% more current is required to handlethe same load.

A power factor of .7 requires approximately 43% more current;and a power factor of .5 requires approximately 100% (twice asmuch!!) to handle the same load.

How Power Factor CorrectionCapacitors Solve the Problem of LowPower FactorLower power factor is a problem that can be solved by addingpower factor correction capacitors to the plant distributionsystem. As illustrated in Fig. 4, power factor correctioncapacitors work as reactive current generators “providing”needed reactive power (kvar) to the power supply. By supplyingtheir own source of reactive power, the industrial user frees theutility from having to supply it; therefore, the total amount ofapparent power (kVA) supplied by the utility will be less.

General information

37

Application Manual

Options for Correcting Power FactorChapter 2

Options for Correcting Power FactorThere are three primary methods of correcting power factor:

• Individual Capacitor Units - One capacitor unit foreach inductive load.

• Banks of Capacitor Units - Large Capacitor Systemconnected to the line at some central point in thedistribution system.

• Combination of Above - Where individual capacitorsare installed on the larger inductive loads and banksare installed on main feeders or switchboards, etc.

Individual Capacitor UnitsIn most cases, power factor correction is best achieved withindividual capacitor units located directly at the inductive load (inmost cases a motor). This has many of the advantages ofcapacitor bank installations INCLUDING some advantagescapacitor bank installations cannot offer.

ADVANTAGES OF INDIVIDUAL CAPACITOR UNITS

• Increased Distribution System Capacity - Only individualcapacitor units can improve power consumption efficiencythroughout the entire distribution system all the way to theLOAD! Therefore, where wiring is being overloaded byinduction motors, increased system capacity can beobtained by reducing the load and adding individual powerfactor correction units.

• Stabilized Voltage Levels - Voltage drops to individualinductive load are reduced thereby decreasing heatdamage caused by excessive currents.

• Lower Losses - When individual capacitor units areinstalled directly at the terminals of an inductive load suchas a motor or transformer, the line losses are reduced.

• Capacitor & Load Can Be Switched ON/OFF TogetherThis ensures that the motor cannot operate without thecapacitor; and also ensures that the capacitor only operateswhen needed.

• Extra Switching Not Required - As the capacitor isswitched on and off with the load, additional switches arenot required providing additional savings.

• Easier Selection - No complicated engineering studies areneeded when capacitors and inductive loads are connectedtogether and operated as a unit. The size of the capacitorneeded for each motor can be determined by referring to aselection chart like Table 2, on page 46. Look up motorRPM, horsepower rating and frame type. . . the chart willindicate the required capacitor value in kvar. This chartshows capacitor rating in accordance with IEEE 519recommendations and will improve motor power factor toabout 95%.

Fixed and Automatic Capacitor BanksGroup installation of capacitors is achieved in two ways:

• Fixed Capacitor Banks - Individual capacitors racked in acommon enclosure with no switching or stepping capability.

• Automatic Capacitor Banks - Individual capacitors rackedin a common enclosure WITH switching and steppingcapability.

ADVANTAGES OF FIXED or AUTOMATIC BANK SYSTEMS

• More Economical - Capacitor banks are more economicalthan individual capacitor units when the main reason forpower factor correction is to reduce utility power bills and/orreduce the current in primary feeders from a maingenerator or transformer. Large banks or racks ofcapacitors are installed at the main switchboard or at thesubstation thereby increasing power factor and obtainingthe advantages of lower power consumption.

• Lower Installation Costs - The cost of installing one fixedor automatic capacitor bank unit will be less than installinga number of individual capacitors at inductive loads.

• Switching - Automatic capacitor banks can switch all orpart of the capacitance automatically depending on loadrequirements. This way, only as much power factorcorrection as needed for the given load is provided. (Thisswitching capability is a primary advantage over fixedcapacitor banks where over-capacitance, leading powerfactor and resulting overvoltages can occur should the loaddecrease.)

Options

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LOCATIONS FOR CAPACITORS IN MOTOR CIRCUITS Fig. 6

Option D: As a central compensation sourceconnected to the main distribution bus

Advantages: Of the four options, this is the most cost efficientbecause it uses a few large kvar capacitors rather than manysmall units.

A primary disconnect must be provided for switching andovercurrent protection. As with Option C, a real possibility ofovercompensation exists during lightly loaded periods unlesssome form of automatic control is incorporated. Automaticcontrol can be provided by ABB automatic capacitor banks.

L3

L2

L1

Contactor

T3

T2

T1

Overload Relay

Fused Safety Switch

or Breaker

Fused Safety Switch

or Breaker

PFCC PFCCPFCC

MOTOR

C AB

MotorFeed

Fused Safety Switch

or BreakerPFCC D

Main Feed

Options

Combination of Individual, Fixed andAutomatic Capacitor BanksPerhaps the most desirable method of correcting power factor isa capacitor installation utilizing BOTH methods!

Individual capacitors are installed on larger motors and banksare installed on distribution systems. To determine the totalpower factor correction required, then, you need to know thetotal kvar requirement for the facility and the desired powerfactor. By referring to a Power Factor Correction Chart, page 47,you can determine the amount of capacitance needed. Seecomplete selection instructions on the following pages for moredetails.

Where Should Power FactorCorrection Capacitors BeInstalled in a Distribution System?As shown in Fig. 6, several options exist for the connection ofpower factor correction capacitors on the low voltage distributionsystem.

Option A: On the secondary of the overload relay

Advantages: This is the most efficient location since the reactivepower (kvar) is produced at the same spot where it isconsumed. Line losses and voltage drop are minimized. Thecapacitor is switched automatically by the motor starter, so it isonly energized when the motor is running. No separateswitching device or overcurrent protection is required becauseof the presence of the motor starter components.

Care must be taken in setting the overload relay since thecapacitor will bring about a reduction in amps through theoverload. Therefore, to give the same protection to the motor,the overload relay's trip setting should be readjusted or theheater elements should be resized. Refer to page 46 for linecurrent reduction in per cent of FLA.

Option B: Between the contactor and the overload relay

The advantages are the same as Option A except the overloadrelay can now be set to the full load amps as shown on themotor nameplate. This mounting location is normally preferredby motor control center and switchgear builders since theoverload setting is simplified.

Option C: Between the circuit breaker and the contactor

Advantages: Since the capacitor is not switched by thecontactor, it can act as a central kvar source for several motorsfed by the same circuit breaker. This location is recommendedfor jogging, plugging and reversing applications.

Since the capacitor remains energized even when the motor ormotors are not running, there exists the possibility ofovercorrection and leading power factor during lightly loadedperiods. Losses are higher than with Options A & B as thereactive current must be carried further.

2

39

Application Manual

Application and InstallationChapter 3

Application and InstallationTemperature and Ventilation

Capacitors should be located in areas where the surroundingambient temperature does not exceed 40o C and where there isadequate ventilation. As capacitors always operate at full loadand generate heat of their own, maximum heat dissipation mustbe provided to ensure long operating life.

Line frequency and operating voltage are factors that can causecapacitor temperature to rise.

• Line Frequency - Assuming the line frequency of thecapacitor matches the frequency of the incoming service,line frequency is not a concern since it is constant inmodern power systems.

• Operating Voltage - Capacitor overheating at a normaloperating voltage and with adequate ventilation seldomoccurs. However, when the voltage exceeds 110% of thecapacitor rating, overheating and resultant damage canhappen.

When the operating voltage exceeds 110% of the capacitor’srated voltage, the line voltage should be reduced or thecapacitor taken off line.

This overvoltage problem is exactly why, when determining therequired kvar capacitance for a distribution system, a personshould always “undersize” a capacitor’s kvar rating... too muchcapacitance means overvoltage... too much overvoltage meansexcessive heat... and excessive heat can be damaging to thecapacitor unit!!!

Special ApplicationsCare should be taken when power factor correction capacitorsare used in the following applications:

• Plugging and jogging applications• Frequent starts• Crane or elevator motors where the load may drive the

motor• Multi-speed motors• Motors involving open transition reduced voltage starting• Reversing starters if they reverse more frequently than

once per minute

Discharging TimePower factor capacitors need a minimum of one minute todischarge. Afterwards, it is always recommended that theterminals be short-circuited to ground before touching.

Typical Capacitor SpecificationsThe following guidelines can be used when specifyingcapacitors.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR CAPACITORS600 Volts and Below

Furnish and install where indicated power factor correctioncapacitors of the size, voltage rating, and enclosure type shownon the drawings.

(OPTIONAL) All motors of horsepower and above shallhave individual power factor correction capacitors energized withthe motor.

All capacitors shall be the self healing metallized-film type filledwith vermiculite, a dry NONFLAMMABLE filler material; oil-filledcapacitors will not be acceptable. Discharge resistors shall beprovided to automatically discharge the capacitor to less than 50volts within one minute after de-energization. An internal groundlug shall be provided. The capacitors shall withstand 135% ofrated current continuously, 110% of rated voltage continuously;and an ambient temperature range of -40°C to +40°C.

Losses shall be less than 0.5 watts per kvar. Each element shallbe individually protected and the enclosure shall be filled with adry, non-toxic, nonflammable insulating material. The capacitorsshall be UL Listed and CSA approved. Capacitors shall be ABBor equivalent.

ABB contactor kvar ratingsABB Contactor Type UB25 UB50 UB75 EH110 EH145 EH175 EH270 EH450 EH550 EH700 EH800

Nominal Current, Amps per phase 12.5 30 60 130 130 160 250 300 400 530 570kvar @ 200-208VAC 3.5 10 16 45 45 55 85 100 135 180 190kvar @ 230-240VAC 5 12 20 50 50 60 100 120 180 210 220kvar @ 460-480VAC 10 25 50 99 99 120 190 230 300 400 430kvar @ 575-600VAC 12 27.5 55 135 135 165 260 310 410 550 590Max. permitted closing current, Amps 1710 4500 6750 4000 4000 5000 8000 10000 10000 12000 12000

3

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Application & installation

Wye-delta 2 Speed, 2 winding

Power Factor Correction Capacitor Connection Locationsfor Reduced Voltage and Multi-Speed Starters

Autotransformer Part-winding

3

CIRCUIT PROTECTIVE DEVICE

(IF SPECIFIED)

A B CINCOMING LINES

100%

80%

65%

50%

0%

100%

80%

65%

50%

0%

RUN RUN RUN

2S

L1 L2 L3

SAT SAT

1S 1S

T1 T2 T3

O L

L1

T1 T1

L2 L2

T2 T2

2S

L1 L3

T3

2S

L3

T3

T1L1 L3

T3

T1

T2 T3MOTOR

PFCC

T1T2

T3 T11T12

T13


(IF SPECIFIED)

2-SPEED, 2-WINDING

MOTOR

A B CINCOMING LINES

T1 T2 T3

S

SOL

L2 L3L1

T1 T2 T3

FOL

L2 L3L1

F

PFCCPFCC

T1T2

T3 T7T8

T9


(IF SPECIFIED)

PART WINDING MOTOR

A B CINCOMING LINES

T1 T2 T3

1M

1OL

L2 L3L1

T1 T2 T3

2OL

L2 L3L1

2M

PFCCPFCC

T1T2

T3 T6T4

T5

WYE- DELTA MOTOR

OL

1M 2M S

MECH. INTLK.

T1 T2 T3

L2 L3L1L1 L2 L3

T1 T2 T3

L1 L2 L3

T1 T2 T3


(IF SPECIFIED)

A B CINCOMING LINES

PFCC

Application Manual

41

Harmonic PhenomenaChapter 4

Problems Created by Harmonics• Excessive heating and failure of capacitors,

capacitor fuses, transformers, motors, fluores-cent lighting ballasts, etc.

• Nuisance tripping of circuit breaker or blownfuses

• Presence of the third harmonic & multiples ofthe 3rd harmonic in neutral grounding systemsmay require the derating of neutral conductors

• Noise from harmonics that lead to erroneousoperation of control system components

• Damage to sensitive electronic equipment• Electronic communications interference

Any device with non-linear operating characteristics canproduce harmonics in your power system. If you are currentlyusing equipment that can cause harmonics or have experi-enced harmonic related problems, capacitor reactor or filterbank equipment may be the solution. The following is adiscussion of harmonics; the characteristics of the problem;and a discussion of our solution.

Origins of Harmonic DistortionThe ever increasing demand of industry and commerce forstability, adjustability and accuracy of control in electricalequipment led to the development of relatively low cost powerdiodes, thyristors, SCRs and other power semi-conductors.Now used widely in rectifier circuits for U.P.S. systems, staticconverters and A.C. & D.C. motor control, these moderndevices replace the mercury arc rectifiers of earlier years andcreate new and challenging conditions for the power engineerof today.

Although solid state devices, such as the thyristor, havebrought significant improvements in control designs andefficiency, they have the disadvantage of producing harmoniccurrents.

Harmonic currents can cause a disturbance on the supplynetwork and adversely affect the operation of other electricalequipment including power factor correction capacitors.

We are concentrating our discussions on harmonic currentsources associated with solid state power electronics but thereare actually many other sources of harmonic currents. Thesesources can be grouped into three main areas:

1. Power electronic equipment: Variable speed drives (ACVFD's, DC drives, PWM drives, etc.); UPS systems, rectifiers,switch mode power supplies, static converters, thyristorsystems, diode bridges, SCR controlled induction furnaces andSCR controlled systems.2. Arcing equipment: Arc furnaces, welders, lighting (mercuryvapor, fluorescent)

11th = 660 Hz

7th = 420 Hz

5th = 300 Hz

1st = 60 Hz

Sum of 1st, 5th, 7th,11th, 13th, 17th & 19th

3. Saturable devices: Transformers, motors, generators, etc.The harmonic amplitudes on these devices are usuallyinsignificant compared to power electronic and arcing equip-ment, unless saturation occurs.

WaveformHarmonics are sinusoidal waves that are integral multiples ofthe fundamental 60 Hz waveform (i.e., 1st harmonic =60 Hz; 5th harmonic = 300 Hz). All complex waveforms can beresolved into a series of sinusoidal waves of various frequen-cies, therefore any complex waveform is the sum of a numberof odd or even harmonics of lesser or greater value. Harmonicsare continuous (steady-state) disturbances or distortions on theelectrical network and are a completely different subject orproblem from line spikes, surges, sags, impulses, etc., whichare categorized as transient disturbances.

Transient problems are usually solved by installing suppressionor isolation devices such as surge capacitors, isolationtransformers or M.O.V.s. These devices will help solve thetransient problems but will not affect the mitigation of low orderharmonics or solve harmonic resonance problems.

Harmonic ContentThyristor and SCR converters are usually referred to by thenumber of DC current pulses they produce each cycle. Themost commonly used are 6 pulse and 12 pulse.

There are many factors that can influence the harmoniccontent but typical harmonic currents, shown as a percentageof the fundamental current, are given in the below table. Otherharmonics will always be present, to some degree, but forpractical reasons they have been ignored.

6 PULSE 12 PULSE

ORDEROF

HARMONIC

TYPICALPERCENTAGE OF

HARMONIC CURRENT

1 100 1005 20 –7 14 –

11 9 913 8 817 6 –19 5 –23 4 425 4 4

Fig. 7

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Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Harmonic Overloading of CapacitorsThe impedance of a circuit dictates the current flow in thatcircuit.

As the supply impedance is generally considered to be induc-tive, the network impedance increases with frequency while theimpedance of a capacitor decreases. This causes a greaterproportion of the currents circulating at frequencies above thefundamental supply frequency to be absorbed by the capacitor,and all equipment associated with the capacitor.

In certain circumstances, harmonic currents can exceed thevalue of the fundamental (60 Hz) capacitor current. Theseharmonic problems can also cause an increased voltage acrossthe dielectric of the capacitor which could exceed the maximumvoltage rating of the capacitor, resulting in premature capacitorfailure.

Harmonic ResonanceThe circuit or selective resonant frequency is reached when thecapacitor reactance and the supply reactance are equal.

Whenever power factor correction capacitors are applied to adistribution network, which combines capacitance and induc-tance, there will always be a frequency at which the capacitorsare in parallel resonance with the supply.

If this condition occurs on, or close to, one of the harmonicsgenerated by solid state control equipment, then large harmoniccurrents can circulatebetween the supply networkand the capacitor equipment.These currents are limitedonly by the damping resis-tance in the circuit. Suchcurrents will add to theharmonic voltage disturbancein the network causing anincreased voltage distortion.This results in a highervoltage across the capacitorand excessive current throughall capacitor components.Resonance can occur on anyfrequency, but in general, the resonance we are concerned withis on, or close to, the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics for 6pulse systems. See Fig. 8.

Avoiding ResonanceThere are a number of ways to avoid resonance when installingcapacitors. In larger systems it may be possible to install themin a part of the system that will not result in a parallel resonancewith the supply. Varying the kvar output rating of the capacitor

bank will alter the resonant frequency. With capacitor switchingthere will be a different resonant frequency for each step.Changing the number of switching steps may avoid resonanceat each step of switching. See Fig. 9.

Overcoming ResonanceIf resonance cannot be avoided, an alternative solution isrequired. A reactor must be connected in series with eachcapacitor such that the capacitor/reactor combination is induc-tive at the critical frequencies but capacitive at the fundamentalfrequency. To achieve this, thecapacitor and series connectedreactor must have a tuningfrequency below the lowestcritical order of harmonic, whichis usually the 5th. This meansthe tuningfrequency is in the range of 175Hz to 270 Hz, although theactual frequency will dependupon the magnitude and orderof the harmonic currentspresent.

The addition of a reactor in the capacitor circuitincreases the fundamental voltage across the capacitor.Therefore, care should be taken when adding reactors toexisting capacitors. See Fig. 10.

Reduction of Harmonic DistortionHarmonic currents can be significantly reduced in an electricalsystem by using a harmonic filter.

In its basic form, a filter consists of a capacitor connected inseries with a reactor tuned to a specific harmonic frequency. Intheory, the impedance of the filter is zero at the tuning fre-quency; therefore, the harmonic current is absorbed by thefilter. This, together with the natural resistance of the circuit,means that only a small level of harmonic current will flow in thenetwork.

Types of FiltersThe effectiveness of any filter design depends on the reactiveoutput of the filter, tuning accuracy and the impedance of thenetwork at the point of connection.

Harmonics below the filter tuning frequency will be amplified.The filter design is important to ensure that distortion is notamplified to unacceptable levels. Where there are severalharmonics present, a filter may reduce some harmonics whileincreasing others. A filter for the 7th harmonic creates a parallelresonance in the vicinity of the5th harmonic with magnifi-cation of the existing 5thharmonic; therefore, a 7thharmonic filter requires a 5thharmonic filter. See Fig. 11.Consequently, it is oftennecessary to use a multiplefilter design where each filter istuned to a different frequency.Experience is extremely

important in the design of such

filters to ensure:

(a) the most efficient and cost effective solution isselected;

(b) no adverse interaction between the system and the filter.

4

X

•

XC

fhz

fhz – FrequencyXL – Supply reactanceXC – Capacitor reactancefo – Resonant frequency

fo

XL+ XC

XL

L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3

Detuned Capacitor/Reactor Systems

Delta Wye

Fig. 10

Capacitor

High Voltage Network

Low Voltage Network

Harmonic Generator

Motor Loads

Motor Loads

11th5th 7th

Shunt Filters Fig. 11

Harmonic Phenomena

Application Manual

43

4

Load AlterationWhenever load expansion is considered, the network is likely tochange and existing filter equipment should be evaluated inconjunction with the new load condition. It is not recommendedto have two or more filters tuned to the same frequency con-nected on the same distribution system. Slight tuning differ-ences may cause one filter to take a much larger share of theharmonic distortion. Or, it may cause amplification of theharmonic order which the equipment has been designed toreduce. When there is a need to vary the power factor correc-tion component of a harmonic filter, careful consideration of allload parameters is necessary.

Harmonic AnalysisThe first step in solving harmonic related problems is to performan analysis to determine the specific needs of your electricaldistribution system. To determine capacitor and filter require-ments, it is necessary to establish the impedance of the supplynetwork and the value of each harmonic current. Capacitor,reactor and filter bank equipment are then specified under verydetailed and stringent computer analysis to meet your needs.

Your ABB Solution to HarmonicsAsea Brown Boveri is the world's largest manufacturer of drytype low voltage capacitors! ABB Control Inc. utilizes thisexperience in recommending three options to solve the prob-lems associated with applying capacitors to systems havingharmonic distortion:

1. Apply the correct amount of capacitance (kvar) to the networkto avoid resonance with the source. This may be difficult,especially in automatic systems as the capacitance is alwayschanging. This solution usually means connecting less capaci-tance to the system than is actually needed for optimum powerfactor correction.

2. Install reactors in series with capacitors to lower the reso-nance below critical order harmonics; i.e., 5th, 7th, 11th & 13th.This design tunes the resonant frequency of the system wellbelow the critical harmonic and is called an anti-resonancebank. This solution allows the capacitors to operate in aharmonic environment.

3. Filters are recommended if a problem exists with harmonicdistortion before the application of power factor correction, or ifthe harmonic distortion is above the limits recommended inIEEE 519, "Guide for Harmonic Control and Reactive Compen-sation of Static Power Converters". (The recommended limitsfor voltage distortion in IEEE 519 are presently 5% for generalapplications.) Tuned filters sized to reduce the harmonicdistortion at critical frequencies have the benefits of correctingthe power factor and improving the network power quality.

With our knowledge of harmonics, ABB Control provides acomplete range of products from individual capacitors, fixedbanks and automatic banks, to power filter systems. All theseproducts utilize dry type low voltage ABB power factor correc-tion capacitor elements which are self-healing for internal faults.

To maintain stringent quality control standards, most controlcomponents found in automatic and anti-resonance filter bankproducts are also ABB products. These products includecontactors, circuit breakers, control relays, disconnect switches,power factor relays and pushbutton devices.

ABB Capacitor Features & ServicesEvery ABB Control low voltage capacitor product incorporatesour unique dry type design. Therefore, environmental andpersonnel concerns associated with leakage or flammability ofconventional oil-filled units are eliminated. Other featuresinclude:

• Patented Sequential Protection System includes dry, self-healing design; internally protected elements; and dry,

non-flammable vermiculite filler

• Individual units, fixed and automatic capacitor bankdesigns, 208-600V

• Automatic and fixed tuned or anti-resonance capacitorbanks

• On-site power factor and harmonic studies

• U.L. Listed and CSA approved

Harmonic Phenomena

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Notes

Application Manual

45

Sizing Capacitors at the Motor LoadChapter 5

Sizing Capacitors at the Motor LoadWhen the determination is made that power factor correctioncapacitors ARE a good investment for a particular electricalsystem, you need to know:

• How many capacitors are needed?

• What sizes are appropriate?

The capacitor provides a local source of reactive current. Withrespect to inductive motor load, this reactive power is themagnetizing or “no-load current“ which the motor requires tooperate.

A capacitor is properly sized when its full load current rating is90% of the no-load current of the motor. This 90% rating avoidsovercorrection and the accompanying problems such asovervoltages.

One Selection Method:Using FormulasIf no-load current is known . . .

The most accurate method of selecting a capacitor is to take theno-load current of the motor, and multiply by .90 (90%). Takethis resulting figure, turn to the appropriate catalog page, anddetermine which kvar size is needed, catalog number, enclosuretype, and price.

EXAMPLE: Size a capacitor for a 100hp, 460V 3-phase motorwhich has a full load current of 124 amps and a no-load currentof 37 amps.

1. Multiply the no-load current figure of 37 amps by 90%.

37 no load amps X 90% = 33 no load amps

2. Turning to the catalog page for 480 volt, 3-phasecapacitors, find the closest amp rating to, but NOT OVER33 amps. See Table 1, sample catalog pricing chart. Perthe sample chart the closest amperage is 32.5 amps. Theproper capacitor unit, then is 27 kvar and the appropriatecatalog number depends on the type enclosure desired.

NOTE

The formula method corrects power factor toapproximately .95

If the no load current is not known . . .

If the no-load current is unknown, a reasonable estimate for 3-phase motors is to take the full load amps and multiply by 30%.Then take that figure and multiply times the 90% rating figurebeing used to avoid overcorrection and overvoltages.

EXAMPLE: Size a capacitor for a 75hp, 460V 3-phase motorwhich has a full load current of 92 amps and an unknown no-load current.

1. First, find the no-load current by multiplying the full loadcurrent times 30%.

92 (full load amps) X 30% = 28 estimated no-loadamps

2. Multiply 28 no-load amps by 90%.

28 no-load amps X 90% = 25 no-load amps

3. Now examine the capacitor pricing and selection chartfor 480 volt, 3-phase capacitors. Refer again to Table 1.Here it will be seen that the closest capacitor to 25 ampsfull load current without going over is a 20 kvar unit, ratedat 24.1 amps.

4. The correct selection, then, is 20 kvar!

5

EnclosureSize

kvarRating

RatedCurrent

Per Phase

Approx.ShippingWeight (Lbs.)

Indoor – Nema 1Catalog Number

Outdoor – Nema 3Catalog Number

Indoor – Nema 12Catalog Number

1.5 1.8 8 C484G1.5 C484R1.5 C484D1.52 2.4 8 C484G2 C484R2 C484D22.5 3.0 8 C484G2.5 C484R2.5 C484D2.53 3.6 8 C484G3 C484R3 C484D33.5 4.2 8 C484D3.5 C484R3.5 C484D3.5

22.5 27.1 13 C484G22.5 C484R22.5 C484D22.524 28.9 13 C484G24 C484R24 C484D2425 30.1 13 C484G25 C484R25 C484D2527 32.5 13 C484G27 C484R25 C484D2730 36.1 13 C484G30 C484R30 C484D30

32.5 36.1 13 C484G32.5 C484R32.5 C484D32.535 42.1 22 C484G35 C484R35 C484D3537.5 45.1 22 C484G37.5 C484R37.5 C484R37.540 48.1 22 C485G40 C485R40 C484D40

TABLE 1480 VOLT, 60 Hz., 3-Phase

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NOMINAL MOTOR SPEEDINDUCTION

MOTORRATING

(HP)

3600 R/MIN 1800 R/MIN 1200 R/MIN 900 R/MIN 720 R/MIN 600 R/MIN

LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINECAPACITOR CURRENT CAPACITOR CURRENT CAPACITOR CURRENT CAPACITOR CURRENT CAPACITOR CURRENT CAPACITOR CURRENT

RATING REDUCTION RATING REDUCTIONS RATING REDUCTION RATING REDUCTION RATING REDUCTION RATING REDUCTION(kvar) (%) (kvar) (%) (kvar) (%) (kvar) (%) (kvar) (%) (kvar) (%)

H.P.Rating

3600 RPM 1800 RPM 1200 RPM 900 RPM 720 RPM 600 RPM

kvar %AR kvar %AR kvar %AR kvar %AR kvar %AR kvar %AR

NEMA Motor Design A or BNormal Starting TorqueNormal Running Current

TABLE 3: Suggested Maximum Capacitor Ratings for U-Frame NEMA Class B Motors

3 1.5 14 1.5 23 2.5 28 3 38 3 40 4 405 2 14 2.5 22 3 26 4 31 4 40 5 407.5 2.5 14 3 20 4 21 5 28 5 38 6 45

10 4 14 4 18 5 21 6 27 7.5 36 8 3815 5 12 5 18 6 20 7.5 24 8 32 10 3420 6 12 6 17 7.5 19 9 23 12 25 18 3025 7.5 12 7.5 17 8 19 10 23 12 25 18 3030 8 11 8 16 10 19 14 22 15 24 22.5 3040 12 12 13 15 16 19 18 21 22.5 24 25 3050 15 12 18 15 20 19 22.5 21 24 24 30 3060 18 12 21 14 22.5 17 26 20 30 22 35 2875 20 12 23 14 25 15 28 17 33 14 40 19

100 22.5 11 30 14 30 12 35 16 40 15 45 17125 25 10 36 12 35 12 42 14 45 15 50 17150 30 10 42 12 40 12 52.5 14 52.5 14 60 17200 35 10 50 11 50 10 65 13 68 13 90 17250 40 11 60 10 62.5 10 82 13 87.5 13 100 17300 45 11 68 10 75 12 100 14 100 13 120 17350 50 12 75 8 90 12 120 13 120 13 135 15400 75 10 80 8 100 12 130 13 140 13 150 15450 80 8 90 8 120 10 140 12 160 14 160 15500 100 8 120 9 150 12 160 12 180 13 180 15

3 1.5 14 1.5 15 1.5 20 2 27 2.5 35 3.5 41

5 2 12 2 13 2 17 3 25 4 32 4.5 37

7.5 2.5 11 2.5 13 2 15 4 22 5.5 30 6 34

10 3 10 3 11 3.5 14 5 21 6.5 27 7.5 31

15 4 9 4 10 5 13 6.5 18 8 23 9.5 27

20 5 9 5 10 5 11 7.5 18 10 20 10 25

25 5 6 5 8 7.5 11 7.5 13 10 20 10 21

30 5 5 5 8 7.5 11 10 15 15 22 15 25

40 7.5 8 10 8 10 10 15 16 15 18 15 20

50 10 7 10 8 10 9 15 12 20 15 25 22

60 10 6 10 8 15 10 15 11 20 15 25 20

75 15 7 15 8 15 9 20 11 30 15 40 20

100 20 8 20 8 25 9 30 11 40 14 45 18

125 20 6 25 7 30 9 30 10 45 14 50 17

150 30 6 30 7 35 9 40 10 50 17 60 17

200 40 6 40 7 45 8 55 11 60 12 75 17

250 45 5 45 6 60 9 70 10 75 12 100 17

300 50 5 50 6 75 9 75 9 80 12 105 17

Applies to three-phase, 60Hz motors when switched with capacitors as a singleunit.

TABLE 2: Suggested Maximum Capacitor Ratings for T-Frame NEMA Class B Motors

An Alternate Selection Method — Using Charts

Applies to three-phase, 60Hz motors when switched with capacitors as a single unit.

Another method of selecting the proper capacitor employs theuse of only a selection chart shown in Table 2 or 3. Thesetables take other variables such as motor RPM into consider-ation in making recommendations for capacitor applications.They are convenient because they only require that the userknow the horsepower and RPM of the motor. Both tablesestimate the percentage reduction in full load current drawn bythe motor as a result of the capacitor’s installation.

WARNING!NEVER OVERSIZE CAPACITORS OR EXCEED 1.0POWER FACTOR OR RESULTING PROBLEMS WITHTHE MOTOR CAN OCCUR!!

If calculations or a kvar determination chart indicate akvar rating not found in a pricing and selection chart,always refer to the next lower kvar rating!

EXAMPLE: A manufacturer needs to determine the propercapacitors required for a 1200 RPM, 75HP T-Frame NEMAclass B motor.

1. First find 75 in the horsepower column of the chart.

2. Locate the 1200 RPM capacitor rating (kvar) column.Note the figure of 25 kvar.

3. Now refer to the appropriate pricing and selection chartTable 1 page 45. The appropriate kvar rating is 25 kvar.Depending on the desired enclosure, the price and catalog

NOTE

Using the above charts for selecting capacitors willcorrect power to approximately .95.

5

Sizing Capacitors

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Sizing and selecting capacitors for system power factorcorrection is calculated using a Power Factor CorrectionChart. Before this chart can be used, however, the total kWrequirement needs to be known for the ENTIRE system inaddition to the PRESENT and DESIRED power factors.

EXAMPLE: A plant has a present power factor level of .75; aload draws 806 amps at 480V; average power consumption of500kW; and a desired power factor level of .90. Compute thenecessary capacitance required and select the proper automaticand fixed bank unit.

1. First, look at the left hand column of the Power FactorCorrection chart entitled “Original Power Factor”. Find yourcurrent power factor level of .75.

2. Second, follow the column of figures to the right of the.75 figure until you come to the column entitled “.90” (yourdesired power factor level).

3. The number in that row is .398. Now multiply this figureby the total plant kW of 500:

.398 X 500kW = 199 kvar

4. The resulting total of 199 represents the amount ofcapacitive power (kvar) required to bring the power factor tothe desired level of .90.

Sizing Capacitors for Improving System Power Factor5. Referring to the sample selection charts (See Table 4 orTable 5, next page), select the appropriate kvar rating.

NOTE: When selecting automatic bank units, select theclosest kvar rating to the amount of kvar desired based onpresent and future applications. If the desired rating is notlisted, the next higher kvar rating should be selected. Whenselecting fixed bank units, however, select the kvar ratingWITHOUT GOING OVER (See Warning, page 46) the desiredcapacitance level.

In this example for the automatic capacitor bank, 200 kvar is theclosest to the desired 199 kvar. For the fixed capacitor bank,180 kvar should be selected without going over the desired kvarof 199.

50 0.982 1.008 1.034 1.060 1.086 1.112 1.139 1.165 1.192 1.220 1.248 1.276 1.306 1.337 1.369 1.403 1.442 1.481 1.529 1.590 1.732

51 .937 .962 .989 1.015 1.041 1.067 1.094 1.120 1.147 1.175 1.203 1.231 1.261 1.292 1.324 1.358 1.395 1.436 1.484 1.544 1.68752 .893 .919 .945 .971 .997 1.023 1.050 1.076 1.103 1.131 1.159 1.187 1.217 1.248 1.280 1.314 1.351 1.392 1.440 1.500 1.64353 .850 .876 .902 .928 .954 .980 1.007 1.033 1.060 1.088 1.116 1.144 1.174 1.205 1.237 1.271 1.308 1.349 1.397 1.457 1.60054 .809 .835 .861 .887 .913 .939 .966 .992 1.019 1.047 1.075 1.103 1.133 1.164 1.196 1.230 1.267 1.308 1.356 1.416 1.66955 .769 .795 .821 .847 .873 .899 .926 .952 .979 1.007 1.035 1.063 1.090 1.124 1.156 1.190 1.228 1.268 1.316 1.377 1.519

56 .730 .756 .782 .808 .834 .860 .887 .913 .940 .968 .996 1.024 1.051 1.085 1.117 1.151 1.189 1.229 1.277 1.338 1.48057 .692 .718 .744 .770 .796 .822 .849 .875 .902 .930 .958 .986 1.013 1.047 1.079 1.113 1.151 1.191 1.239 1.300 1.44258 .655 .681 .707 .733 .759 .785 .812 .838 .865 .893 .921 .949 .976 1.010 1.042 1.076 1.114 1.154 1.202 1.263 1.40559 .618 .644 .670 .696 .722 .748 .775 .801 .828 .856 .884 .912 .939 .973 1.005 1.039 1.077 1.117 1.165 1.226 1.36860 .584 .610 .636 .662 .688 .714 .741 .767 .794 .822 .850 .878 .907 .939 .971 1.005 1.043 1.083 1.131 1.192 1.334

61 .549 .575 .601 .627 .653 .679 .706 .732 .759 .787 .815 .843 .870 .907 .936 .970 1.008 1.048 1.096 1.157 1.29962 .515 .541 .567 .593 .619 .645 .672 .698 .725 .753 .781 .809 .836 .870 .902 .936 .974 1.014 1.062 1.123 1.26563 .483 .509 .535 .561 .587 .613 .640 .666 .693 .721 .749 .777 .804 .838 .870 .904 .942 .982 1.030 1.091 1.23364 .450 .476 .502 .528 .554 .580 .607 .633 .660 .688 .716 .744 .771 .805 .837 .871 .909 .949 .997 1.058 1.20065 .419 .445 .471 .497 .523 .549 .576 .602 .629 .657 .685 .713 .740 .774 .806 .840 .878 .918 .966 1.027 1.169

66 .368 .414 .440 .466 .492 .518 .545 .571 .598 .626 .654 .682 .709 .743 .775 .809 .847 .887 .935 .996 1.13867 .358 .384 .410 .436 .462 .488 .515 .541 .568 .596 .624 .652 .679 .713 .745 .779 .817 .857 .905 .966 1.10868 .329 .355 .381 .407 .433 .459 .486 .512 .539 .567 .595 .623 .650 .684 .716 .750 .788 .828 .876 .937 1.07969 .299 .325 .351 .377 .403 .429 .456 .482 .509 .537 .565 .593 .620 .654 .686 .720 .758 .798 .840 .907 1.04970 .270 .296 .322 .348 .374 .400 .427 .453 .480 .508 .536 .564 .591 .625 .657 .691 .729 .769 .811 .878 1.020

71 .242 .268 .294 .320 .346 .372 .399 .425 .452 .480 .508 .536 .563 .597 .629 .663 .701 .741 .783 .850 .99272 .213 .239 .265 .291 .317 .343 .370 .396 .423 .451 .479 .507 .538 .568 .600 .634 .672 .712 .754 .821 .96373 .186 .212 .238 .264 .290 .316 .343 .369 .396 .424 .452 .480 .507 .541 .573 .607 .645 .685 .727 .794 .93674 .159 .185 .211 .237 .263 .289 .316 .342 .369 .397 .425 .453 .480 .514 .546 .580 .616 .658 .700 .767 .90975 .132 .158 .184 .210 .236 .262 .289 .315 .342 .370 .398 .426 .453 .487 .519 .553 .591 .631 .673 .740 .882

76 .105 .131 .157 .183 .209 .235 .262 .288 .315 .343 .371 .399 .426 .460 .492 .526 .564 .604 .652 .713 .85577 .079 .105 .131 .157 .183 .209 .236 .262 .289 .317 .345 .373 .400 .434 .466 .500 .538 .578 .620 .687 .82978 .053 .079 .105 .131 .157 .183 .210 .236 .263 .291 .319 .347 .374 .408 .440 .474 .512 .552 .594 .661 .80379 .026 .052 .078 .104 .130 .156 .183 .209 .236 .264 .292 .320 .347 .381 .413 .447 .485 .525 .567 .634 .77680 .000 .026 .052 .078 .104 .130 .157 .183 .210 .238 .266 .294 .321 .355 .387 .421 .459 .499 .541 .608 .750

81 - .000 .026 .052 .078 .104 .131 .157 .184 .212 .240 .268 .295 .329 .361 .395 .433 .473 .515 .582 .72482 - - .000 .026 .052 .078 .105 .131 .158 .186 .214 .242 .269 .303 .335 .369 .407 .447 .489 .556 .69883 - - - .000 .026 .052 .079 .105 .132 .160 .188 .216 .243 .277 .309 .343 .381 .421 .463 .530 .67284 - - - - .000 .026 .053 .079 .106 .134 .162 .190 .217 .251 .283 .317 .355 .395 .437 .504 .64585 - - - - - .000 .027 .053 .080 .108 .136 .164 .191 .225 .257 .291 .329 .369 .417 .478 .620

86 - - - - - - .000 .026 .053 .081 .109 .137 .167 .198 .230 .265 .301 .343 .390 .451 .59387 - - - - - - - .000 .027 .055 .082 .111 .141 .172 .204 .238 .275 .317 .364 .425 .56788 - - - - - - - - .000 .028 .056 .084 .114 .145 .177 .211 .248 .290 .337 .398 .54089 - - - - - - - - - .000 .028 .056 .086 .117 .149 .183 .220 .262 .309 .370 .51290 - - - - - - - - - - .000 .028 .058 .089 .121 .155 .192 .234 .281 .342 .484

91 - - - - - - - - - - - .000 .030 .061 .093 .127 .164 .206 .253 .314 .45692 - - - - - - - - - - - - .000 .031 .063 .097 .134 .176 .223 .284 .42693 - - - - - - - - - - - - - .000 .032 .066 .103 .145 .192 .253 .39594 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .000 .034 .071 .113 .160 .221 .36395 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .000 .037 .079 .126 .87 .328

96 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .000 .042 .089 .150 .29297 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .000 .047 .108 .25198 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .000 .061 .20399 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .000 .142

DESIRED CORRECTED POWER FACTOR IN PER CENT

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

ORIGINALPOWERFACTORIN PERCENT

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CHART

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What if Present Power Factor CannotBe Determined Because kVA isUnknown?1. First, find the apparent power (kVA). kVA demand on a 3-phase system is equal to:

kVA = VOLTS x AMPS x 3 ÷ 1000

2. The voltage and amperage of the distribution system will beknown. Again, using the above example, we know that thedistribution system is 480 volts and draws 806 amps. Therefore:

480 VOLTS x 806 AMPS x 3 ÷ 1000 = 670kVA

3. Now power factor can be solved for:

500kW / 670kVA = .746 pf

4. With the power factor now known, the Power FactorImprovement chart can be used as before.

How is the Power Factor CorrectionChart Used if Existing Power FactorLevel is Unknown?1. First, power factor has to be calculated. Power factor is equalto active power (kW) divided by apparent power (kVA). kW willbe known because it is the total amount of power consumedover a given period of time and is the amount shown on a utility

bill. Therefore:

pf = kW / kVA

2. Using the above example, 500kW divided by 670kVA equals

a present power factor (pf) of .746.

500kW / 670kVA = .746 pf

3. When DETERMINING power factor, always round off to thenext higher rating. Therefore, the .746 power factor figure isrounded off to .75.

NOTE: Don’t confuse rounding UP a power factor figurethat is manually calculated with the warning on page 46that tells you to round DOWN when using a catalogselection chart!

4. Now that present power factor is known, the above problemcan be solved as before.

FINAL EXAMPLE: A manufacturer has a 480 volt, 3-phasemetered demand of 460kW. An ammeter on the system showstotal current draw of 770 amps. Existing power factor andapparent power (kVA) are unknown. What is the existing systempower factor and how much capacitance is required to correct to.92?

1. First, solve for kVA.

480 VOLTS x 770 AMPS x 3 ÷ 1000 = 640kVA

2. Next, solve for Power Factor.

460kW / 640kVA = .72 POWER FACTOR

3. To correct the power factor from .72 to .92 refer to the PowerFactor Correction Chart on page 47. A factor of .534 will bedetermined.

4. The final step is to multiply the 460kW figure by the correction

factor of .534.

460kW X .534 = 245 kvar

This system would require the installation of 245 kvar ofcapacitance to improve the power factor to .92. Refer to theappropriate automatic or fixed bank catalog pages, select theproper voltage and phase, then identify the proper catalognumber.

5

Sizing Capacitors

TABLE 5 - Automatic Capacitor Banks

TABLE 4 - Fixed Capacitor Banks

90 2/45 F246G90100 2/50 F246G100110 2/55 F246G110120 2/60 F246G120130 1/40, 2/45 F246G130150 3/50 F246G150160 2/80 F246G160180 3/60 F246G180200 4/50 F246G200250 5/50 F246G250300 5/60 F246G300

90 2/45 F246G90100 2/50 F246G100110 2/55 F246G110120 2/60 F246G120130 1/40, 2/45 F246G130150 3/50 F246G150160 2/80 F246G160180 3/60 F246G180200 4/50 F246G200250 5/50 F246G250300 5/60 F246G300

75 AA4G75B5A AA4D75B5A100 AA4G100B5A AA4D100B5A125 AA4G125B5A AA4D125B5A150 AA4G150B6A AA4D150B6A175 AA4G175B7A AA4D175B7A200 AA4G200B8A AA4D200B8A225 AA4G225B9A AA4D225B9A250 AA4G250B10A AA4D250B10A300 AA4G300B12A AA4D300B12A

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Capacitor ConstructionChapter 6

Dry granulatedvermiculite insulation

Easy mounting, lowweight

Large terminals foreasy cableconnections

Built-indischargeresistors

Heavy dutyenclosure

Metallized filmdesign

Internally ProtectedElements (IPE) &self-healing design

Low losses

Thermal equalizer forlow elementtemperature

R

Design Features ofABB Capacitor Products

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Principal Components of a 3-PhaseCapacitorThe principal components of a 3-phase ABB capacitor include:1. Sequential Protection System:

• Self-Healing Capacitor ElementsOne or more self-healing capacitor elements are installed foreach phase. These elements are connected in Y or ∆. Incase of dielectric breakdown, the fault is cleared byevaporation of the metalized layer around the breakdownwith negligible loss of capacitance and continued operationof the capacitor!

• Internally Protected ElementsA unique Sequential Protection System including the IPEdesign (IPE - internally protected elements) ensures thateach individual element can be disconnected from the circuitat the end of the element’s life.

• Nonflammable Dry Vermiculite FillerVermiculite is a dry, granular insulating material that is solid,inert and fire proof. This material fills all open spaces in theenclosure to isolate the capacitor elements and exclude freeoxygen.

2. Discharge ResistorsDischarge resistors (one for each phase) are sized to ensuresafe discharge of the capacitor to less than 50 volts in oneminute or less as required by the NEC.

3. Terminal StudsLarge terminal studs are located inside the enclosure at the topof the capacitor for quick and easy cable connections.

4. EnclosureAll ABB enclosures are made of welded heavy gauge steel.Available enclosure types include Indoor NEMA 1, OutdoorRaintight, and Indoor Dusttight.

What is a Metallized-Film Element?Metallized-film is a microscopically thin layer of conductingmaterial (called an electrode), usually aluminum or zinc on anunderlying layer of insulating film. The electrod thicknessaverages only .01 microns while insulating (polypropylene) filmranges from 5 to 10 microns in thickness depending upon thedesign voltage of the capacitor (the higher the voltage rating,the thicker the insulating film).

Advantages of Metallized-FilmElementsThere are two electrode layers separated by one layer ofinsulating film. Thousands of these layers are tightly woundaround a core in such a manner that the edge of one electrodeis exposed on one side of the element and the edge of the otherelectrode is exposed on the other side of the element. See Fig.12 & 13. Wires are then connected to each side of the element.The element is enclosed in a container and then filled with ahardening protective sealant.

1. Self-Healing DesignSelf-healing refers to a process where a short circuit betweenelectrodes vaporizes the electrode around the fault (see Fig. 14)until the fault is eliminated. The element continues to functionwith negligible loss of performance (see Fig. 15).

2. Low Internal LossesDue to the high dielectric efficiency of the metallized-film, theinternal losses are extremely low. ABB metallized-film designlosses are limited to .5 watts per kvar including the lossesacross the discharge resistors.

3. Small Element SizeDue to the thin electrode and dielectric, metallized-film elementsare small and compact in size resulting in smaller, morepowerful capacitors.

The capacitance of any element design is inversely proportionalto the separation between electrodes. In other words, if theseparation between conducting surfaces is cut in half, theeffective capacitance is doubled in addition to reducing thephysical size of the element by half.

More About Self Healing Elements“Self-healing” is a characteristic which is unique to metallizedelectrode capacitors. All capacitor normally experienceinsulation breakdown as a result of the accumulated effect oftemperature, voltage stress, impurities in the insulating medium,etc. When this happens in a non-"metallized" design,

Fig. 14. Two electrodes short circuit through a fault in a dielectric layer.

the electrodes are short-circuited and the capacitor ceases itsproduction of reactive power. In an ABB metallized-film unit,however, these individual insulation breakdowns do not meanthe shutdown of the capacitor. The faults self-heal themselvesand the capacitor continues operation.

The conducting electrode is very thin; when a short circuitdevelops as a result of a fault in the insulating dielectric, the thinelectrode vaporizes around the area of the fault. Thisvaporization continues until sufficient separation exists betweenthe faulted electrodes to overcome the voltage level. Fig. 15illustrates the process of self-healing.

6

Partial Cutaway View ofCapacitive Element Layers

Dielectric

Dielectric

Dielectric

Dielectric

Dielectric

Dielectric

Electrode

Electrode

Electrode

Electrode

Electrode

Electrode

Wire

A

Wire

B

Wire A

Die

lect

ric

Ele

ctro

de

Die

lect

ric

Wire B

Fig. 12 Fig. 13

DielectricElectrode

Electrode

Dielectric

Dielectric

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Fig. 15 illustrates "self-healing". The electrode layers in the area wherethey were short circuiting have been vaporized, thereby eliminating theshort circuit.

The entire process of self-healing takes "microseconds" and theamount of electrode which is lost is negligible in comparison tothe total surface area of the element. The result is themetallized-film unit may self-heal hundreds of times during itslong life and still retain virtually all of its rated capacitance.

The IPE Sequential ProtectionSystemABB ’s metallized-film self healing capacitor elements will havea longer life than their conventional foil design counterparts forthe above reason. However, accumulated effects of time,temperature, voltage stress, etc., eventually effect capacitor life.

ABB's sequential protection system featuring patented InternallyProtected Elements (IPE) design provides increased protectionto facilities and personnel not available from other capacitordesigns. This proven design allows for self-healingthroughout the life of the capacitor to insure the maximum lengthof reliable service and still provide short circuit protection in

each element when self-healing can no longer continue. This isaccomplished by a combination of unique winding constructionand an internal fuse link (See Fig. 16) within each elementwhich safely and selectively disconnects each individualelement. ABB capacitors do not rely on mechanical pressureinterrupters and additional line fuses have disadvantagesassociated with that kind of construction.

DielectricElectrode

Electrode

Dielectric

Dielectric

6

FUSE LINK

ELECTRODE DIELECTRIC

•

•

•••

•• ••

Fig. 16

What are Discharge Resistors?As all the capacitor elements store electrical power like abattery, the capacitor will maintain a near full charge even whennot energized. As this is a potentially dangerous condition tounsuspecting plant personnel that might be inspecting thecapacitor terminals and wiring, discharge resistors areconnected between all of the terminals. When the capacitor isshut off, these discharge resistors drain the capacitor elementsof their stored electrical charge. It is recommended, however,that capacitor terminals should ALWAYS be short-circuitedbefore touching the terminals.

What is the Significance of Dry TypeDesign?ABB low voltage capacitors contain no free liquids and are filledwith a unique nonflammable granular material called vermiculite.Environmental and personnel concerns associated with leakageor flammability of conventional oil-filled units are eliminated; andkvar for kvar, vermiculite filled units weigh 30% to 60% less thantheir oil filled counterparts.

Vermiculite is routinely used in the United States as aninsulating material in the walls and ceilings of new buildings. Itsproperties have been extensively documented and recognizedas an ideal material for safety and environmentalconsiderations.

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7

Appendix

Chapter 7

1.5 1.8 #14 #14 3 30 152 1.8 #14 #14 3 30 15

2.5 3 #14 #14 6 30 153 3.6 #14 #14 6 30 15

3.5 4.2 #14 #14 10 30 154 4.8 #14 #14 10 30 155 6 #14 #14 10 30 156 7.2 #14 #14 15 30 15

6.5 7.8 #14 #14 15 30 157.5 9 #14 #14 15 30 1510 12 #14 #14 20 30 2015 18 #12 #14 30 30 3020 24 #10 #10 40 60 4025 30 #8 #10 50 60 5030 36 #6 #8 60 60 6035 42 #6 #6 70 100 7040 48 #4 #6 80 100 8045 54 #4 #6 90 100 9050 60 #4 #4 100 100 9060 72 #2 #2 125 200 11070 84 #1 #2 150 200 15075 90 #1 #2 150 200 15080 96 #1 #2 175 200 15090 108 1/0 #1 200 200 175

100 120 2/0 1/0 200 200 200150 180 250 kcmil 4/0 300 400 300200 241 400 kcmil 350 kcmil 400 400 400250 301 (2) - 4/0 500 kcmil 500 600 500300 361 (2) - 250 kcmil (2) - 4/0 600 600 600350 421 (2) - 300 kcmil (2) - 250 kcmil 700 800 650400 481 (2) - 400 kcmil (2) - 350 kcmil 800 800 750500 601 (3) - 300 kcmil (2) - 500 kcmil 1000 1000 902

480 Volt

Typical Recommended Ratings of Cables and Protected Devices3- PHASE MINIMUM COPPER MINIMUM COPPER RECOMMENDED

CAPACITOR RATED CURRENT CABLE SIZE FOR CABLE SIZE FOR FUSE AMPS RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED

KVAR PER PHASE (AMPS) 75OC INSULATION 90OC INSULATION (TIME DELAY) DISC SWITCH AMPS MCCB TRIP AMPS

2.5 6 #14 #14 10 30 153.5 8.4 #14 #14 15 30 155 12 #14 #14 20 30 20

7.5 18 #12 #14 30 30 3010 24 #10 #10 40 60 4015 36 #6 #8 60 60 6020 48 #4 #6 80 100 8025 60 #4 #4 100 100 9030 72 #2 #4 125 200 11040 96 #1 #2 175 200 15050 120 1/0 1/0 200 200 20060 144 2/0 2/0 250 400 22575 180 250 kcmil 4/0 300 400 300

100 241 400 kcmil 350 kcmil 400 400 400125 301 (2) - 4/0 500 kcmil 500 600 500150 361 (2) - 250 kcmil 2-4/0 600 600 600200 481 (2) - 400 kcmil (2) - 350 kcmil 800 800 750250 601 (3) - 300 kcmil (2) - 500 kcmil 1000 1000 900300 722 (3) - 400 kcmil (3) - 350 kcmil 1200 1200 1100

240 Volt

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7

Typical Recommended Ratings of Cables and Protected Devices3-PHASE MINIMUM COPPER MINIMUM COPPER RECOMMENDED

CAPACITOR RATED CURRENT CABLE SIZE FOR CABLE SIZE FOR FUSE AMPS RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED

KVAR PER PHASE (AMPS) 75OC INSULATION 90OC INSULATION (TIME DELAY) DISC SWITCH AMPS MCCB TRIP AMPS

2 2 #14 #14 3 30 153 3 #14 #14 6 30 154 4 #14 #14 6 30 155 5 #14 #14 10 30 15

7.5 7 #14 #14 15 30 1510 10 #14 #14 20 30 1515 14 #14 #14 25 30 2520 19 #10 #12 35 60 3025 24 #10 #10 40 60 4030 29 #8 #10 50 60 5035 34 #8 #8 60 60 6040 38 #6 #8 70 100 6045 43 #6 #6 80 100 7050 48 #4 #6 80 100 8060 58 #4 #4 100 100 9070 67 #2 #4 125 200 11080 77 #2 #2 150 200 12590 87 #1 #2 150 200 150100 96 #0 #2 175 200 150150 144 3/0 3/0 250 400 225200 192 300 kcmil 250 kcmil 350 400 300250 241 400 kcmil 350 kcmil 400 400 400300 289 (2) - 3/0 500 kcmil 500 600 450350 337 (2) - 4/0 (2) - 4/0 600 600 550400 385 (2) - 300 kcmil (2) - 250 kcmil 650 800 600500 481 (2) - 400 kcmil (2) - 350 kcmil 800 800 750

600 Volt

NOTE: Cable sizes are derived from Article 310, Table 310-16 of 1990 NEC ®

The above table gives recommended ratings of cables,disconnect switches, and/or molded case circuit breakers foruse with capacitor loads. For requirements not covered in thetable, the following application guidelines may be used forcapacitor switching duty:

• Power Cable Sizing 135% of Capacitor Current

• Disconnect Switch 165% of Capacitor Current

• Molded Case Circuit Breaker 135% of Capacitor Current

Note: For specific applications, refer to the NEC®.

NOTE: National Electric Code® and NEC® are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc., Quincy, MA 02269

Appendix

Application Manual

55

460-8. Conductors.

(a) Ampacity. The ampacity of capacitor circuitconductors shall not be less than 135 percent of the ratedcurrent of the capacitor. The ampacity of conductors thatconnect a capacitor to the terminals of a motor or to motorcircuit conductors shall not be less than one third theampacity of the motor circuit conductors and in no case lessthan 135 percent of the rated current of the capacitor.

(b) Overcurrent Protection.

(1) An overcurrent device shall be provided in eachungrounded conductor for each capacitor bank.

Exception: A separate overcurrent device shall not berequired for a capacitor connected on the load side of amotor overload protective device.

(2) The rating or setting of the overcurrent device shallbe as low as practicable.

Extracts from 1996 NEC® Code Requirements(c) Disconnecting Means

(1) A disconnecting means shall be provided in eachungrounded conductor for each capacitor bank.

Exception: Where a capacitor is connected on the load sideof a motor overload protective device.

(2) The disconnecting means shall open all ungroundedconductors simultaneously.

(3) The disconnecting means shall be permitted todisconnect the capacitor from the line as a regular operatingprocedure.

(4) The rating of the disconnecting means shall not beless than 135 percent of the rated current of the capacitor.

460-9. Rating or Setting of Motor Overload Device.Where a motor installation includes a capacitor connectedon the load side of the motor overload device, the rating orsetting of the motor overload device shall be based on theimproved power factor of the motor circuit.

The effect of the capacitor shall be disregarded indetermining the motor circuit conductor rating in accordancewith Section 430-22.

74. Reduced kvar when operating @ below rated voltage Actual kvar = rated kvar i.e. 240 V @ 208 = .751 rated kvar

( (

operating voltage rated voltage ( ( 2

Additional Information

1. Improved voltage @ transformer due to capacitor addition: % voltage rise =

NOTE: System reactance should be added to the transformer reactance if available. 2. Reduced power losses in the distribution system due to capacitor addition: % reduction of losses = 100 – 100

3. Reduced kvar when operating 60 Hz unit @ 50 Hz Actual kvar = rated kvar = .83 rated kvar

@

kvar of capacitors x % reactance of transformer kVA of transformer

( (

original power factor improved power factor ( (

50 60

2

Reprinted with permission from NFPA 70-1996, the National Electrical Code®, Copyright ©1996, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02269. This reprinted material is notthe complete and official position of the National Fire Protection Association, on the referencedsubject which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.

Separate Overcurrent Protection

L3

L2

L1

Contactor

T3

T2

T1

Overload Relay

Fused Safety Switch

or Breaker

Fused Safety Switch

or Breaker

PFCC PFCCPFCC

MOTOR

C AB

MotorFeed

Fused Safety Switch

or BreakerPFCC D

Main FeedA separate overcurrent device is not necessary when an ABBcapacitor is electrically connected on the load side of the motorstarter fused safety switch or breaker. Personnel and facilityshort circuit protection is provided within the capacitor by ABB'spatented Sequential Protection System. Short circuit protectionbetween the main feed and the capacitor is provided by themotor starter fused safety switch or breaker. A disconnectswitch can be provided when the capacitor is connected asillustrated in Option C (See Fig. 17). When the capacitor isconnected as shown in Option C, the capacitor remainsenergized when the motor is off. The optional disconnect switchprovides a means to disconnect the capacitor when the motor isnot in operation.

Fig. 17

NOTE: National Electric Code® and NEC® are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc., Quincy, MA 02269

Appendix

ABB Control Inc.1206 Hatton Road.Wichita Falls, TX 76302Tel. (800) 877-3232

(817) 761-3232Fax (817) 761-3202Email [email protected]

AC 1500February, 1996

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