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Capacity Building for Quality Assurance
Perspective From Pakistan
Human Resource
Development
Research & Developm
ent
Socio-Economic Uplift
Prof. Dr. S. Sohail H. NaqviExecutive DirectorHigher Education Commission
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-110
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
37 4153 56 57 62 65 69 70 73 74
2235
4551 53 56 56 57 57 59 6059
76
98107 110
118 121 126 127 132 134
116
136
168182
192
218229
246 249258
295
Public Private
Total Total Uni + Subcampuses
Creation of Knowledge Hubs(2000 – 2011)
3
Gender-wise Enrollment in Higher Education Institutions
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07p 2007-08p 2008-09 2009-10p20
30
40
50
60
70
80
63.18 61.5657.88 58.57 59.15
53.6 53.7 56 55
36.8238.44
42.1241.43 40.85
46.4 46.3 44 45
Male Female
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Higher Education DevelopmentUniversity Grants Commission
1974Higher Education Commission
2002Estb. of Quality Assurance Division
2003National Quality Assurance Committee
2003Quality Assurance Agency (QAA)
2005International Linkages
◦ APQN, INQAAHE,AUQA (recently transformed as TEQSA), QAA-UK, Bologna Process
What is HEC Responsible for the improvement and promotion of
higher education, research and development in Pakistan
Autonomous body with the Prime Minister of Pakistan as the Controlling Authority
Mission of HEC is “ To Facilitate Institutions of Higher Learning to serve as an Engine of Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan”
Kohat University
Functions of the HEC Formulate policies, guiding principles and priorities for
higher education Institutions Submit recurring and development budgets to the
Federal Government and allocate them on performance and need basis
Support the development of linkages between Institutions and Industry
Prescribe conditions for opening and operating Higher Education Institutions in the private sector
Assure quality by carrying out accreditation of Institutions and programs UET,Lhr
Initial Key Challenges in Higher Education
Quality
• Standard of Education, Faculty & Research
Access
• Enrollment in higher education
Relevance
• Addressing the needs for Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan
Financing Growth & Change
Quality Vision To develop a quality Higher
Education System relevant to national needs and compatible to International QA Standards that enables HEIs to demonstrate excellence in teaching, learning and research.
9
Quality Assurance Programme of HEC
Sensitizing academia regarding QA
Development of Quality Assurance Criteria and Standards
Development of Processes & Capacity Building for Implementation
Monitoring and Evaluation
QA Framework for HEIs in Pakistan
Three stages: Stage-I: Developing QA Criteria &
Guidelines Stage-II: Developing Internal
Quality
Assurance (IQA) System Stage-III: Developing External
Quality
Assurance (EQA) System
Institutional Level
Stage III
Stage I
Program Level
Stage II
IQA
EQA
QA Management Structure
National Quality
Assurance Committee
Quality Assurance
Agency (QAA)
Quality Assurance
Division (QAD)
12
QAD
QAA
QAC
• Establishment of QAA &QECS (45 Established & 20 under progress)
• Int. Recognition (APQN,INQAAHE,W.B,NAAC,AUQA)
• Liaison with Higher Education Institutions
• Policy development for QA & implementation
• Self Evaluation & Capacity building of HEIs
• Plagiarism & Quality of research
• Linkages with councils = 07 . (Pharmacy Council: Federal Urdu Uni / PCATP:DCET)
• Established new councils = 04 (IT, Agriculture, Business, Teachers education)
HEC
Functional Set up for QA
QECsAccreditation
Councils
Improvement of Quality of PhD ProgramsMphil/PhD Program as per international
standardCurriculum of ProgramsMinimum standards for offer of
programsStandard classification of JournalsHEC “Approved” SupervisorPhD ScholarshipsInternational MobilityPlagiarism DetectionMonitoring
MS/PhD Flow Diagram
Journal RequirementsRegularly PublishedDiverse Editorial BoardBlind Peer Review (Incl. Foreign
Evaluation)Abstracted / Indexed
InternationallyLocal language journals with
English AbstractsReferences as per international
standards
1947 1952 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1986 1991 1995 2000 2004 2008 20090
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
(1947-2002)
(2002-2012)
3281
3944
2002
2012
Gearing up for Value Addition (PhDs/Year)
Creating New Knowledge through Research
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
816 948 10441316
1765
2836
34253939
4963
6200
Source SCImago http://scimagojr.com/index.php
Pakistan’s Rank
Research Ranking of Pakistan
Year Overall Agriculture
Physics
Biochem/Micro-Biology
Chemical Engineering
Economics
2010
43 34 39 42 43 35
2008
45 37 42 45 50 54
2006
47 40 49 49 53 74
2004
50 44 56 58 62 63
2002
49 46 57 56 61 96
2000
54 48 59 62 63 96
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
Pakistan’s Share of World Research
IQA Initiatives
A. Quality Assurance Agency -2005
B. Quality Enhancement Cells◦Established………………..…45
Universities◦New (Public Sector)……..….25
Universities◦New (Private Sector)..………20
Universities
Quality Enhancement Cells
Activities ScoresUniversi
ty
A. QEC SECRETARIAT ESTABLISHMENT (32%)
Establishment date /notificationNotification Shared: 3Notification not shared: 0
QEC OfficePermanent: 4Temporary: 2
Director QEC Regular / Contractual: 5Additional Charge: 2
Deputy Director QECRegular / Contractual: 5Additional Charge: 2
Data Analyst /Asst. Director QECRegular / Contractual: 5Additional Charge: 2
Assistant QECRegular / Contractual: 5Additional Charge: 2
Procurement of Equipment Procured: 5Not Procured: 0
ScorecardActivities Scores
University
B. IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF SA MECHANISM (48%)
Awareness seminars /meetings/ workshops at university on (SA). Target: 2 Events Biannually
2 Events: 41 Events: 2No Events: 0
Quarterly Progress Reports 2 QPRs: 21 QPR: 1No QPR: 0
Program Team Notification Notified: 2None: 0
PT Reports of Programs (Covering all applicable criteria and standards)
Target Achieved: 5No Report Compiled: 0
Assessment Team Notification Notified: 2None: 0
Assessment Team Reports of Programs (Includes Rubric Reports)
Target Achieved: 5No Report Compiled: 0
Executive Summaries compiled Target Achieved: 7No Report Compiled: 0
Implementation Plans Compiled Target Achieved: 7No Report Compiled: 0
Weaknesses rectified / Corrective Actions taken in programs Target Achieved: 7
Feedback received on Surveys (MAX 10) from ProgramsAll Proformae: 5No Proforma Filled: 0
Follow up actions (of the implementation plan) by QEC If Actions Taken: 2
ScorecardQEC Rating Criteria Category Scores
W 85% - 100%
X 68% - 84%
Y51% - 67%
Z Up to 50%
Activities Scores University
C. EMPOWERING THE QEC (20%)
Nonvoting Membership of Statutory bodiesAvailed: 2Not Availed: 0
Membership of QEC Yahoo NetworkAvailed: 1Not Availed: 0
QEC Website / webpageFunctional with updated info: 4Functional: 2Not Functional: 0
Membership of international bodiesAvailed: 2Not Availed: 0
Participation/ Contribution in International/ National events(At least in one event each)
Total: 4Contribution in Int. events: 1Participation in Int. events: 1Contribution in National events: 1Participation in National events: 1No Participation: 0
Participation in HEC (QAA) organized events Participated in all: 5
Publicizing of QEC activities through print /Electronic media
Publicized: 2Not Publicized: 0
Total 100 (MAX)
Programme Level QASelf Assessment Reports by
Program TeamsEvidence
◦Establishment of Programme Accrediting/Auditing Bodies (Councils) on need basis
◦Self-Assessment Reports◦Outcome◦Programme Ranking lists published by
respective Councils etc.
VC
Assessment Teams
Programme TeamsHOD/Dean
QEC (Being part of University)
Self Assessment Process
EQA ArrangementsAccreditation system:
◦Programme Accreditation through the respective accrediting councils
◦Institutional Performance Evaluation:◦ Standards development for
institutional performance evaluation.◦Process development for institutional
reviews
◦
EQA InitiativesAccreditation Councils (Prior to
Establishment of HEC)◦Engineering, Medicine, Law,
Pharmacy, Veterinary Sciences, Architects and Town Planners Veterinary Medical Council, Nursing Council
New Accreditation Councils◦Agriculture ◦Computing Education◦Business Education◦Teachers Education (NACTE)
Institutional Level QAResponsibility of HEC/QAAPromote quality at all levels of the
Institutions and the whole academic activity.
Evidence◦ Institutional Performance Evaluation
Standards◦ Processes of Institutional Performance
Evaluation◦ Outcome◦ Periodic review reports◦ Institutional Ranking Lists etc
IPES Standard 1: Mission Statement and Goals Standard 2: Planning and Evaluation Standard 3: Organization and Governance Standard 4: Integrity Standard 5: Faculty Standard 6: Students Standard 7: Institutional Resources
Standard 8: Academic Programmes and Curricula
Standard 9: Public Disclosure and Transparency
Standard 10: Assessment & Quality Assurance Standard 11: Student Support Services
Way Forward…Autonomous Status of single
operative QAA in the country like QAA of UK/ TEQSA of Australia
More EQA practices including Academic Audit, External Reviews etc
Establishment of more independent EQA/Accrediting Bodies
Internationally recognized Quality Label for QA System of HEIs in Pakistan
Strengthening each other to celebrate Quality