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PAGE 2014-2015:The partnership in progressCapitalization Report on two first years implementation of the Partnership for environmental governance in West Africa (PAGE)

CENTRAL AND WEST AFRICA PROGRAMME (PACO)

PAGE 2014-2015:The partnership in progressCapitalization Report on two first years implementation of the Partnership for environmental governance in West Africa (PAGE)

CENTRAL AND WEST AFRICA PROGRAMME (PACO)

Contents Acronyms ....................................... 4

Executive summary ....................... 5

Introduction.................................... 7

Le PAGE in figures ......................... 8

1.1. Capacity building .................. 9

1.2. Partnership ......................... 10

1.3. Other key figures ................ 11

Mapping of stakeholders ............ 12

2.1. Key partners ....................... 13

2.2. Second generation partners 13

Presentation and analysis of page

results and partners .................... 16

3.1. Integrated water resource management in West Africa, one of the priorities of PAGE ................ 17

3.2. Mainstreaming the environmental dimension in basin management, an issue in the agenda of PAGE ........................ 19

3.3. The sustainable management of the goods and services generated by ecosystems at the core center of PAGE concerns .. 213.4. Mainstreaming of climate change in national and local planning: a requirement for PAGE ................................... 223.5. The restoration of degraded ecosystems: an emergency for PAGE ........................................ 23

Description and analysis of the partnership implementation ....... 24

4.1. Description of the partnership implementation .......................... 254.2. The partnership as developed by the PAGE stakeholders at a glance ....................................... 294.3. Analysis of partnership relations among the stakeholders .............................. 32

Achievements and lessons learned.......................................... 34

5.1. Complementary roles and missions .................................... 355.2. A collaborative relationship established ................................ 35

5.3. On the need to develop a common vision of the partnership spirit .......................................... 35

5.4. Some improvement clues ... 36Recommendations ...................... 38

6.1. On PAGE functioning .......... 39

6.2. On the planning of activities 39

6.3. On communication and advocacy .................................. 39

6.4. On the coordination of activities .................................... 39

6.5. On the increase in human resources .................................. 40

6.6. On sharing of the PAGE partnership vision ...................... 40

6.7. On consultation strengthening ............................ 40

6.8. On building the capacities of journalists for PAGE and environmental governance. ........ 40

Conclusion ................................... 41

Publications ................................. 42

For further information ............... 44

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AFD French Development Agency

CC Climate Change

CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research

CILSS Permanent Inter-States Committee on Drought Control in the Sahel

CSO Civil Society Organization

DE Directorate of Environment

DGRE General Directorate of Water Resources

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

ENSA Advanced School of Agriculture

ESRC Environmental Studies and Research Center

EU European Union

GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

GWI Global Water Initiative

GWP/WA Global Water partnership- West Africa

IGO Inter-Governmental Organization

IER Rural Economy Institute

IIED International Institute for Environment and Development

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature

IUCN-PACO International Union for Conservation of Nature- Central and West Africa Programme

IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management

LWC Local Water Committee

MBA Mono Basin Authority

NBA Niger Basin Authority

NDH National Directorate of Hydraulics of Mali

OMVG Organization for the Development of the Gambia River

OMVS Organization for the Development of the Senegal River

PAGE Partnership for Environmental Governance in West Africa

PREAO West Africa Water Resource Policy

PREMI Poverty Reduction and Environmental Management Initiative

PREZOH Regional Water Resource and Wetlands Programme

PS/PAGIRE Permanent Secretariat of the Action Plan for Integrated Water Resource Management

RAMPAO West Africa Protected Marine Area Network

RERAO West Africa Radios Network for Environment

SIDA Swedish International Development Agency

SIFOR Forest Information System

SNAPE National Water Point Planning Service

TFP Technical and Financial Partners

TOP-SECAC Climate Change Adaptation Capacity Planning and Monitoring – Evaluation Tool Kit

UCAD Cheick Antan Diop University

UEMOA West Africa Economic and Monetary Union

UO2 University Ouaga 2

VBA Volta Basin Authority

WRCC Water Resource Coordination Center

WPAB Work Programme and Annual Budget

WWF World Wide Fund for Nature

Acronyms4

From the Poverty Reduction and Environmental Management Initiative (PREMI) to the Partnership for Environmental Governance in West Africa (PAGE), IUCN and its partners coordinate their efforts towards making environmental governance more inclusive and more transparent in West Africa. PAGE is based on the use of reliable knowledge and tools that meet the needs of the actors to federate energies and achieve results.

From few sites (PREMI) to the national and regional scales (PAGE), many actors have engaged in a series of dialogues and formed coalitions for action. The objective of such initiatives is to support and create regional integration economic and policy dynamics in the area of environmental governance.

With PAGE, IUCN and its collaborators agree on the importance of establishing partnerships to achieve significant and sustainable results over the 2014–2018 period. PAGE aims at supporting the partner institutions by, among other things, mobilizing co-financing and providing technical solutions to the local actors.

After two years of implementation, the programme is taking a break to describe, learn lessons and disseminate the outcomes, methods and processes of the partnerships that constitute the foundation of its action. A capitalization workshop enabled the PAGE stakeholders to look into the partnership-based approach that they are implementing within the framework of strengthening environmental governance in West Africa. The present document is a summary of the main analyzes and conclusions drawn from these reflections.Figures for better knowing PAGEFrom the number of actors mobilized to the amount and types of materials produced, going through the trainings and their target audiences, this section gives an overview of the key PAGE figures. Diverse actors, a common goalBeyond the figures, PAGE is characterized by actors that aim at a common and complementary vision in their roles towards a common goal that is environmental governance. Organizations like ECOWAS, UEMOA, CILSS, etc.

provide the political and advocacy backstop in the respective States. They implement activities at different levels of commitment. The Sub regional and basin organizations, technical and financial partners, Civil Society Organizations, the media, research actors are also major stakeholders for PAGE. They bring in, at the regional, national and local levels, their building blocks of the partnership. The second section of the document maps out the actors so as to better describe the roles and responsibilities of each and every one in PAGE.

Environmental governance on the move

Joining efforts of partners has contributed to the production within two years of PAGE implementation, of results in diverse areas: IWRM, mainstreaming of climate change in national and local planning, sustainable management of services derived from ecosystems, introduction of the environmental dimension in the management of the basins. Within the framework of PAGE, the partnership if now a reality as evidenced by the significant results achieved.

Describing, criticizing, analyzing: the partnership at the magnifying glass of capitalization

These achievements are the outcome of a step by step process starting from participatory planning of working missions and meetings at the partnership coordination going through the signing of conventions, in-house agreements or addenda… the description and analysis of the implementation of the partnership helps to go through the process and take a critical look at the activities that have contributed to the strengthening of the partnership.

Achievements and lessons to make PAGE grow

At this stage of its execution, PAGE has succeeded among other things, in bringing together various actors of the environmental domain around common interests. The actors have played roles and taken up complementary assignments while developing a collaborative relationship. Many more lessons and achievements are credited to the programme.

Executive summary

And finally … some recommendationsTo strengthen the partnership setup that characterizes PAGE, some recommendations are made. They notably emphasize the need for multiplying consultations frameworks so to update and facilitating the deep-rooting of the partnership in the spirit developed by PAGE, foster collaboration and the sharing of experiences and project and programme operationalizing tools, avoid working in isolation so as to benefit and make all actors benefit from the experiences generated by the partnership, also create mechanisms and develop tools for facilitating the ownership of PAGE and of the results by higher levels of the administration and decision-makers. This first PAGE capitalization exercise shows that partnership is built upon successes, shortcomings and progression margins, specifically in terms of shared vision. Partnership takes several forms: information sharing, exchange of resources, participatory planning, collaborative work, formal relationships...

The analysis also reveals a gap in the perception that the actors have of partnership. Some see it as a mere implementation of activities to achieve project results, which is far from the PAGE spirit. The capitalization report reflects this contrast situation while showing how the partnership has significantly contributed to improving environmental governance.

Executive summary (suite)6

The mission of IUCN is to influence and encourage societies to adopt norms and standards of conservation of nature integrity while using it in a sustainable manner. This commitment translates into the implementation of a number of initiatives including the «Partnership for environmental governance in West Africa» (PAGE). From 2014 to 2015, this initiative was focused on actions towards improving the implementation of environmental policies, developing the capacity of actors and establishing a more open governance of natural resources.

The activities carried out at the local, national and regional levels have made it possible to achieve results the processes, approaches and tools of which are interestingly analyzed. How was the partnership conducted in the execution of the Programme? How did it facilitate the adoption and implementation of environmental policies? How were results achieved? What were the problems encountered? How were they addressed? The present capitalization exercise attempts to answer these questions.

The present document results from this partnership data collection and analysis process. It reports the results obtained from merging national and regional environmental governance issues. It undertakes to provide an accurate description and sound analysis of the facts and significant situations over the two years of implementation of the programme by looking at the current status of stakeholders, their roles and attributions. A large part of the document deals with the partnership as an intervention approach, showing several key steps: consultative partnership, coordination partnership, complementary partnership and collaborative partnership.

Introduction

1

PAGE in figures

Launched on 24 March 2014, PAGE is being executed by a ten - member coordination team including 5 experts in the areas of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), ecosystems management, environmental law, communication and monitoring-evaluation.

1.1. Capacity buildingThe activities implemented under the Programme have resulted into the training of 610 experts on three thematic areas.

424 actors of various profiles trained on IWRM

Sub-topics dealt with:> Knowledge about PREAO and its

action plan (110 civil society actors and local representatives);

> Ownership of the guidelines for water infrastructure development in West Africa (191 national actors);

> Water information system management (53 workers of national hydrological services);

> IWRM conducive environment (70 actors of local water management bodies).

156 actors trained on climate change

The trainings were designed to impart knowledge on and enable use of the TOP-SECAC toolkit. It involved expert-trainers (36 experts) and development planners (120 actors).

30 actors trained on ecosystem management

Regarding ecosystem management, PAGE acted at the regional level through the training of 18 planners/analysts on simple economic evaluation methods of natural ecosystem goods and services, and at the local level by training 12 private nursery men in the Republic of Guinea.

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424 156 30

1.2. PartnershipIn terms of partnership, 39 structures were formally mobilized for the implementation of the programme in different countries.

PAGE 2014-2015: The partnership in progress - Capitalization Report on two first years implementation of the PAGE

10 39

1.3. Other key figures

5 studies completed or on-going

• the contribution of natural resources to the resilience of communities and to the local economy in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal;• the requirements and mechanisms of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) in the Niger upper basin in Guinea;• promising sub-sectors valuing the biodiversity in Burkina Faso, Benin, Ghana, Mali and Togo;• the contribution of beehive-friendly environments to food security and climate change adaptation in Burkina Faso and Ghana;• the Mali water development fund.

8 publications available

• the directive relative to hydraulic infrastructure development in West Africa;• the methodological guide to the development and implementation of the Volta Basin Water Charter; • the report on the use of TOP-SECAC in Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal; • the capitalization note of the workshop to reflect on Integrated Ecosystem Management in West Africa;• 3 policy briefs (2 in the process of finalization);• the report on the exploratory study on the requirements and mechanisms of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) in the Niger upper basin in Guinea.

3 major actions in the media

• a network of radios for the environment gathering 19 radios in 9 West African countries (ReRao) set up and operationalized;• a regional radio programme on climate change that is produced and broadcast on the occasion of the 21th Conference of Parties at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 21); • two journalistic competitions organized on the theme of water and environment.

3 SDAGE adopted by the countries

• 3 Water Resource Planning and Management Schemes (SDAGE) adopted in 2015 notably the SDAGE of the Sourou Basin in Mali and the SDAGE of the Comoé and Mouhoun Basins in Burkina Faso.

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Mapping of stakeholders

2.1. Key partners • Intergovernmental Organizations:

ECOWAS, UEMOA, CILSS• Basin Organizations: NBA,VBA• Ministries in charge of water resources,

environment and sustainable development of Burkina Faso, Mali and Guinea

• CIFOR (Research Center)• GWP/WA (International Organization)• Regional Coordination of Niger Basin

Users (RCU-NB)• IUCN (regional directorate, PREZOH,

country programmes, GWI)These partners were involved in all steps in the PAGE reflection and planning process.

2.2. Second generation partners As part of the implementation of the activities, the key partners called upon other structures at the regional, national and local levels depending on the opportunities offered. By so doing, the PAGE partners’ network expanded through successive waves that reached

an ever widening circle of actors, until covering within two years up to 27 additional structures overall.This dynamics which is continuing has made it possible to enrich the partnership and enhance synergy at the local, national and regional levels so to achieve the objectives of improving environmental governance.

The 39 (core group of 12 + 27 associates) structures can be broken down into 8 main groups: IGOs, Basin Organizations, State, civil society, research, TFPs, IUCN and the media. They intervene at different levels based on the scope of their actions (local, national and regional levels).

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IUCN and the One programme approach

The various IUCN components, the secretariat, the members and commissions were involved in the development and implementation of PAGE in view of the « One programme » approach. These are in particular the PAGE Unit at the regional level and in Guinea, regional programmes on « Water and Wetlands », « Forest » and « Protected Areas and Biodiversity », the country programmes of Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal, the EPIC and GWI programmes and Radio Environnement. In addition to securing the financing and cofinancing, these actors get involved in the implementation of the activities, their coordination and monitoring-evaluation. They also contribute through the provision of expertise, to communication and advocacy. The programme is smoothly run with the various partners, addressing the problems encountered during the implementation of PAGE.

INTERVENTION LEVEL Regional National Local

PAR

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NA

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S D

AN

S L

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PA

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IGO ECOWAS* UEMOA* CILSS*

BASIN ORGANIZATION

VBA* NBA* MBA OMVS

STATES Directorates of water resources, environment and sustainable development of Burkina, Mali and Guinea*

Directorates of rural engineering

SNAPE Meteorological services

Water Agencies

SIFOR

IUCN Regional Directorate*

PREZOH* GWI* Country Programmes (Mali, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Benin, Guinea)*

TFP SIDA GWP/WA GIZ WWF FDA World Bank

RESEARCH CIFOR* Senghor University of Alexandria

Ouaga 2 University

UCAD ENSA IER Bordo and Faranah research centers

National Water Laboratory of Mali

MEDIA RERAO Share info Radio Environnement

CIVIL SOCIETY Regional Coordination of Niger Basin Users (RCU-NB)*

NCU-NB Eau-Vive Local Actors

Water users

14 2. La cartographie des parties prenantes (suite)


Table: Partners’ mobilization matrix developed within the framework of PAGE

The actors through their respective roles, work together with a common vision of the implementation of the activities. • The sub-regional organizations

(ECOWAS, UEMOA and CILSS) provide the political base and advocacy at the level of States and implement activities. The level of engagement is however different according to the actors.

• The Basin Organizations are essentially maîtrise d’œuvre, la maîtriseproject implementers, project owners and do sensitization, training, advocacy, knowledge generation and dissemination to feed into advocacy.

• The States: Mali, Bénin, Burkina, Côte d’Ivoire, SénMali, Benin, Burkina, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal and Guinea ensure the implementation of the activities: sensitization of actors, technical work to assist in decision-making in the area of water management and operationalization of water agencies.

• The civil society, water users and other actors at the local level play a role as intermediaries for the dissemination of information and knowledge (institutional communication, social communication

and implementation). They also make sure that their needs are taken into consideration.

• The TFPs finance or cofinance the activities.

• The research actors are responsible for the training of trainers, conduct of research for action, knowledge mobilization and capacity building.

• The media produce and broadcast information contents, sensitize and mobilize the actors and share the results.

The PAGE partners’ network expanded through successive waves that reached an ever widening circle of actors

3

Presentation and analysis

of PAGE results and

partners

In West Africa, the economy of the States is largely dependent on

natural resources including water which is essential for agricultural and rural development. Over the past few years, water resources have been increasingly degrading due to climate change effects and man-made pressure thus leading to the proliferation of invasive aquatic species, drying up of the source heads, degradation of watersheds, etc. As a result, the subsistence capacity of communities was relentlessly declining. To reverse the trend, PAGE has made of IWRM a major thrust in its intervention strategy. After two years of implementation, the programme has contributed to improving the knowledge about water policies and strengthening IZRM in the region.

17Enhancing the knowledge of the West Africa water resource Policy (PREAO)

110 civil society actors and local representatives informed about PREAO and its implementation action plan (IAP).

A brief and animated video of PREAO produced.

The Mono Basin Authority (MBA) in the process of being operationalized.

Enhancing integrated water resource management

The draft directive relative to the development of hydraulic infrastructure in West Africa validated by the actors and approved at the 4th Session of the Ministerial Monitoring Committee (MMC) of IWRM in West Africa.

The capacities of 191 national actors strengthened on the guidelines for West Africa hydraulic infrastructure development and water governance.

A methodological guide to the development and implementation of the Volta Basin water charter developed.

Strengthening of the IWRM-friendly environment in the countries

The foundations for the development of the Guinea water policy and for the review of the water code and institutional study of the Mali water fund were laid.

The institutional capacities of VBA are strengthened.

The capacity of 70 actors of local water management bodies strengthened in Burkina Faso and Guinea.

Strengthening of the effectiveness of VBA and NBA information systems

The environmental and socio-economic data management network of the Niger Basin Observatory formalized.

53 workers of National Hydrological Services of VBA member countries and of VBA executive Directorate trained.

The data warehouses of NBA national focal structures in Mali, Benin, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso put in place.

The data collection platform that was installed in Togo was operationalized.

3.1. Integrated water resource management in West Africa, one of the priorities of PAGE

The actions carried out by PAGE have led to results around five specific axes: Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM); mainstreaming of the environmental dimension into basin management mainstreaming of climate change in national and local planning; sustainable management of goods and services generated by ecosystems; and the restoration of degraded ecosystems

3.1.1. Enhanced knowledge about the West Africa regional water resource policy (PREAO)The West Africa regional water resource policy (PREAO) is built upon three (3) strategic axes namely: reforming water governance; promoting investment in the water sector; et promoting regional cooperation and integration in the water sector. How to implement these axes if the primary actors concerned do not take ownership of the regional policy content? To address this concern, PAGE is supporting ECOWAS through the support to the Water Resource Coordination Center (WRCC) and basin organizations in the dissemination of the policy and its implementation action plan. Therefore, civil society actors and local representatives have attended information

and awareness raising sessions. The production of a brief and video should help to further disseminate the West Africa regional water resource policy (PREAO) thereby sensitizing the actors concerned so as to ensure the successful implementation of this policy.

3.1.2. Improved integrated water resource management As part of PAGE, this aspiration was materialized by the implementation of several mechanisms and arrangements. Through advocacy, the draft Directive relative to the development of hydraulic infrastructures in West Africa was validated and approved during the fourth session of the West Africa Ministerial IRWM monitoring committee. The capacities of national actors were also built on the guidelines for the development of hydraulic infrastructures. Acquiring better knowledge of ground and surface water resources, mastering data collection and availability both quantitatively and qualitatively on the monitoring of such resources constitute priorities in the West African region. Through its intervention, PAGE has enabled the strengthening of the effectiveness of the information systems of basin organizations. More specifically, the programme has facilitated the formalization of the NBA environmental

and socio-economic data management network. Henceforth, the data are submitted to the national focal structures of NBA in Mali, Benin, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso. Many workers of national hydrological services of VBA countries and of the VBA executive Directorate have seen their skills strengthened. A data collection platform that was installed in Togo on the Volta Basin was operationalized. Adding to this is the development of the capacities of many actors of local water management bodies in Burkina Faso and Republic of Guinea.The PAGE action has also helped to develop an IWRM conducive environment in the countries. In addition to building the institutional capacity of VBA, processes were launched in Guinea on the development of the water Policy and in Mali on the review of the Water Code and establishment of a water fund. All these actions should facilitate sustainable management of water resources, contribute to preventing pollution and strengthen cooperation among the actors on IWRM. One of the more significant results remains the validation of the directive on the development of water infrastructures in West Africa during the fourth session of the West Africa Ministerial IWRM

monitoring committee (MMC). This was a landmark in the process leading to the adoption of the directive by ECOWAS statutory bodies before its enforcement.

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Political backstop of IWRM in West Africa

Started in 2014, PAGE constitutes a major operational capacity building leverage of the Water Resource Coordination Center (WRCC.) with the support of PAGE, this ECOWAS Commission specialized center plays a key political role to the member States for effective implementation of IWRM in the countries. For so doing, the WRCC involves the ministries in charge of water resources and national IWRM focal points in the execution of many activities with the ambition of sharing best practices with these national actors and thus accelerating IWRM in West Africa.

3.1. Integrated water resource management in West Africa, one of the priorities of PAGE (suite)

In West Africa, natural resources and the entire environment are marked by heavy degradation and natural and human factor aggravation trends. The rapid change in water status and quality combined with the depleting landscapes and loss of biological diversity require the development of concrete actions towards improved mainstreaming of the environmental dimension in basin management. Through the establishment of bridges for experience and best practice sharing, PAGE helps to bring together the various actors, notably academics, practitioners, the media, decision-makers and opinion leaders for

enhanced consideration of environmental issues.

The West Africa regional water resource policy gives great room to economic governance instruments. This governance entails the accountability of users for the use and deterioration of water resources by granting special care to the minority groups that cannot cope with the considerable cost increase of water. In collaboration with NBA, PAGE has committed to improving the assistance system for decision-making of the Niger basin Observatory. This mechanism will help to undertake the integrated evaluation of costs, benefits and environmental risks in the basin.

Facilitating the dialogue among the actors of the water and environment sector, putting the communities in the core center of the process and enabling the participation of all actors (including the civil society) is a major approach to attaining the results of PAGE. This aims at making a difference from the fact that often, the parties concerned are not always actively involved in the management of water resources. Therefore, PAGE lays emphasis on effective communication. Thus, in collaboration with Radio Environnement, WWF and RAMPAO, a network of radios for the environment bringing together

19 radios of 9 West African countries was set up. The operationalization of this network helps to improve the quality of the information produced and broadcast on topics of environmental interest thereby facilitating community mobilization in the Programme intervention zone. An initial regional radio programme was broadcast on the occasion of the COP 21 and a brief and animated video on the presentation of the West Africa environmental policy are under

production. Journalistic competitions organized in 2014 and 2015 contribute to the effort towards enhancing the quality of media productions on environmental issues. These well conducted information and communication actions help to raise awareness among the communities, civil society, field actors on the need for them to get involved in identifying their needs, designing and implementing solutions and water resource and environmental management mechanisms.

Strengthening of water management bodies in terms of analysis and decision-making tools

The reflections with NBA in view of improving its assistance system for decision-making were undertaken to achieve the integrated evaluation of costs, benefits and environmental risks in the Niger basin.

Facilitation of the dialogue among actors and people’s awareness raising

A network of radios for the environment gathering 19 radio stations of 9 West African countries (RERAO) was set up and operationalized.

A regional radio programme on climate change was produced on the occasion of the COP 21.

A brief and animated video on the presentation of the West Africa environmental policy are being produced.

Improvement of both qualitative and quantitative media production on environmental issues

Two journalistic competitions on water and environment topics were organized. In each competition, three productions received awards on the occasion of the Africa Water event in Burkina Faso in 2014 and the 7th World Water Forum in South Korea in 2015.

3.2. Mainstreaming the environmental dimension in basin management, an issue in the agenda of PAGE

The journalistic competition on its side gave an opportunity for African journalists, notably the « Share Infos » network to produce and publish 80 print press and web articles as well as reports of good quality on environmental topics.

The competition was organized with the assistance of diverse partners:

- The West Africa Regional Water Partnership (GWP/WA) that financially supported the initiative ;

- The Share Infos Network that supported the reflection for the design of the competition. Its members have participated in the competition.

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Journalists at the rescue of environmental governance

Through RERAO, some member journalists have collaborated to produce and broadcast on their radio waves and on the website of radio Environnement (RE) a regional programme on climate change. RERAO is the fruit of a partnership among the following agencies:- IUCN, WWF (as part of the GO WAMER project financed by the EU and UNEP) and RAMPAO that provided the funds;- Radio Environnement (RE) which technically supported the creation of the network. This radio hosted the RERAO presentation on its website and ensured the broadcasting and archiving of the contents produced by RERAO;- Some members of the network (2 radios including one national and one local) of 9 West African countries that run the network and broadcast the contents that are produced.

3.2. Mainstreaming the environmental dimension in basin management, an issue in the agenda of PAGE (suite)

The ECOWAS environmental Policy has the ambition of ensuring a safe and

productive environment so to improve the living conditions of the people in the region. Attaining this objective requires the sustainable management of the goods and services provided by the ecosystems. PAGE has made it a priority in the implementation of its knowledge generation, capacity building, reflection and advocacy actions aimed at integrated ecosystems management. The initiatives undertaken relate to support for the implementation of the ECOWAS convergence plan of sustainable West African forest ecosystem management and use, approval of the principle of creating a regional consultation

mechanism on integrated ecosystem management and preparation of a Niger Basin Wetlands management plan. PAGE has also facilitated the development of the capacities of senior planners /economists on simple economic evaluation methods of natural ecosystem goods and services. Studies on the contribution of natural resources to the resilience of communities and to the local economy are being conducted in certain countries. Other studies deal with the identification of promising sub sectors that add value to the biodiversity. The various knowledge and related information thus generated should contribute to ensuring improved environmental management and improved living conditions of the people in the region as a result. And this, in accordance with the strategic axes of the ECOWAS environmental Policy that deals with the strengthening of environmental governance, promotion of sustainable resource management for enhancing the economy and respect for the environment.

Capacity building of institutional actors on ecosystems

Five publications including three policy briefs, one study report and a capitalization workshop brief produced.

Studies on the contribution of natural resources to the resilience of communities and to the local economy were launched in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal.

A study on the requirements and mechanisms of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) in the Niger upper basin completed in Guinea.

The capacities of 18 senior planners /economists developed on simple economic evaluation methods of natural ecosystem goods and services.

The reflection on integrated ecosystem management supported:• support to ECOWAS in terms of convergence for sustainable

management and use of West African forest ecosystems;• approval of the principle of creating a regional consultation

mechanism on integrated ecosystem management (RCM-IEM) by the 4th session of the West African IWRM ministerial monitoring committee;

• adoption by the NBA Council of Ministers of a resolution for the preparation of a Niger Basin Wetlands development plan.

Impetus for behavioral change among local actors towards sustainable natural resource management

Studies on the identification of promising sub sectors that add value to the biodiversity launched in Burkina Faso, Benin, Ghana, Mali and Togo.

3.3. The sustainable management of the goods and services generated by ecosystems at the core center of PAGE concerns

Climate change represents a threat to food security in West Africa,

sustainable development and poverty eradication. Agriculture, agroforestry and fisheries should adapt to the effects of climate change and build up the resilience of rural production systems. The intervention of PAGE is based on this logic. It contributes to the mainstreaming of climate change in development planning so as to bring a global response to the challenges posed by climate change and take the opportunities that it offers to give a new impetus and support to sustainable development. Therefore, West African countries have a critical

mass of 156 persons trained to watch on and see to the mainstreaming of climate change into national and local planning processes. These competencies complement those already made available to Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal, within the framework of PREMI, to carry out the same mission. An evaluation of the level of utilization of the toolkit for planning, monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation capacities (TOP-SECAC) helped to assess the productivity of the persons trained by PREMI and suggest the revision of the toolkit to make more user-friendly.

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Support for mainstreaming climate change adaptation into development planning

The level of utilization of the toolkit for planning, monitoring and evaluating climate change adaptation capacity (TOP-SECAC) was assessed in Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal.Two regional pools of 36 expert trainers on the use of TOP-SECAC were set up. The capacities of 120 actors of structures in charge of development planning and of local governments were strengthened for the utilization of TOP-SECAC.

3.4 Mainstreaming of climate change in national and local planning: a requirement for PAGE

PREAO recommends that aquatic ecosystems be protected and the

environmental dimension taken into consideration. To assist the local dynamics of degraded ecosystem restoration, some sites were identified in a participatory manner as pilot sites for PAGE intervention in eight (8) countries (cf. map).

The PAGE investment was made in improved knowledge about gallery forest and source head ecosystems through studies of the pilot sites (Burkina Faso, Ghana and Guinea) to have an insight of the contribution of beekeeping – friendly environments to food security and their adaptation to climate variability and climate change. A reference information base on gallery forests and source heads is in the process of being put on line. In the longer term, PAGE envisions to develop seven (7) management plans for the restoration of degraded gallery forests and source heads. As for now, three (3) plans are being drafted for the sites in Guinea, Burkina and Ghana. For improved ecosystem management and restoration, teams of private village nursery men were trained and settled in Guinea. All these actions are in line with the ECOWAS forest policy that aims at the conservation and sustainable

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L. Tanganyika

L. TuzL. Van

LacVictoria

Lac Albert

Lac Kariba

LacMweru

LacNasser

Lac Turkana

Lac VoltaBenue

Nil B

leu

Chari

Congo.

Congo

Co

ng

o

Euphrates R.

Euphrates

Kasai

Kasai

Limpopo.

Nil

Nil

Orange

Rio Guadiana

Sénégal

Tagus

Tigris

Tigris

Ubangi

Ub

ang

i

Vaal

Nil B

lanc

Zambezi

Zambezi

Nig

er

Niger

Niger

Tinkisso

Milo

Mo

no

Mer Aegean

Mer Caspienne

Golf d’Aden

Golf de Guinée

GolfPersique

Mer Ionian

M é d i t e r r a n é e S e a

Mer Rouge

Mer Tyrrhenian

Détroit duMozambique

Détroit de Gibraltar

A F R I Q U E

O C É A N

A T L A N T I Q U E

O C É A N

I N D I E N

San

kara

ni

Kumasi

Tessal i t

Parakou

Bobo Dioulasso

Tamba

Tamale

Kankan

Araouane

Gao

Kayes

Taoudenni

Tombouctou

Tahoua

TambacoundaSoudouta

Bakel

Sokode


Accra

Conakry

Dakar

Lome Porto Novo

M A U R I T A N I E

LIBÉRIA

SIERRALEONE


GAMBIE

CÔTE D’IVOIRE

CAP VERT

TOGO

M A L I

BÉNIN

GHANA

GUINÉE

BURKINA

SÉNÉGAL

Sao Tome

Lac Volta

Sénégal

Nig

er

Niger

Niger

Tinkisso

Milo

Mo

no

Golf de Guinée

74

5

6

San

kara

ni

Kumasi

Tessal i t

Parakou

Bobo Dioulasso

Tamba

Tamale

Kankan

Araouane

Gao

Kayes

Taoudenni

Tombouctou Agades

Bi lma

Tahoua

ZinderTambacounda

Soudouta

Bakel

Sokode


Accra

Conakry

Lome Porto Novo

M A U R I T A N I E

LIBÉRIA

SIERRALEONE


GAMBIE

CÔTE D’IVOIRETOGO

N I G E R

M A L I

BÉNIN

GHANA

GUINÉE

BURKINA

SÉNÉGAL

Îles Canaries

Sao Tome

L. TChad

Lac VoltaBenue

Chari

Congo.

Congo

Kasai

Sénégal

Ubangi

Ub

ang

i

Nig

er

Niger

Niger

Tinkisso

Milo

Mo

no

Golf de Guinée

A F R I Q U E

8

San

kara

ni

Kumasi

Tessal i t

Parakou

Bobo Dioulasso

Tamba

Tamale

Kankan

Araouane

Gao

Kayes

Taoudenni

Tombouctou Agades

Bi lma

Tahoua

ZinderTambacounda

Sokode


Accra

Conakry

Dakar

Lome Porto Novo

M A U R I T A N I E

LIBÉRIA

SIERRALEONE


GAMBIE

CÔTE D’IVOIRE

CAP VERT

TOGO

N I G E R

M A L I

BÉNIN

GHANA

GUINÉE

BURKINA

SÉNÉGAL

Îles Canaries

Comores

Crète

Lesbos

Îles Madère

Majorque

Peloponnesus

Rhodes

Sao Tome

Sardaigne

Sicily

Suqutra

Île Zanzibar

Mer Morte

L. TChad

L. Kivu

L. Malawi

L. Tanganyika

L. TuzL. Van

LacVictoria

Lac Albert

Lac Kariba

LacMweru

LacNasser

Lac Turkana

Lac VoltaBenue

Nil B

leu

Chari

Congo.

Congo

Co

ng

o

Euphrates R.

Euphrates

Kasai

Kasai

Limpopo.

Nil

Nil

Orange

Rio Guadiana

Sénégal

Tagus

Tigris

Tigris

Ubangi

Ub

ang

i

Vaal

Nil B

lanc

Zambezi

Zambezi

Nig

er

Niger

Niger

Tinkisso

Milo

Mo

no

Mer Aegean

Mer Caspienne

Golf d’Aden

Golf de Guinée

GolfPersique

Mer Ionian

M é d i t e r r a n é e S e a

Mer Rouge

Mer Tyrrhenian

Détroit duMozambique

Détroit de Gibraltar

A F R I Q U E

O C É A N

A T L A N T I Q U E

O C É A N

I N D I E N

3

1

2

Site 2Mono Site

(District of Alédjo, Benin and Agoulou

Canton, Togo)

Site 3Volta - Mohoun Site (Commune of Dissin,

Burkina Faso and Nandom District,

Ghana)

Site 4Niger - Sankarani Site

(Rural Commune of Balandougouba,

Guinea and Commune of Sankarani, Mali)

Site 5Niger - Milo Site

(Rural Commune of Koumban, Kankan Prefecture, Guinea)

Site 6 Niger - Tinkisso Site

(Rural Commune of Niandankoro,

Prefecture of Siguiri, Guinea)

Site 7Niger - Upper

Tinkisso Site (Rural Commune of

Dogomet, Prefecture of Dabola, Guinea)

Site 1Niger - Mekrou Site (Rural Commune of

Tamou, Niger)

Site 8Senegal Site (Commune of Moudry, Bakel

region, Senegal)

development of genetic, animal and plant resources and restoration of degraded forests.

3.5. The restoration of degraded ecosystems: an emergency for PAGE

Map: PAGE intervention sites in West Africa

4

Description and analysis of the partnership implementation

More than a programme, PAGE is a collaboration philosophy. It includes the notion of partnership as a platform for identifying and executing actions that would enable the improvement of environmental governance in West Africa. To better understand this philosophy, one should describe and analyze it in order to identify its strong points and also its limitations and learn lessons for future undertakings.

4.1. Description of the partnership implementationAs part of the implementation of PAGE, the participatory approach was placed in the heart of the identification, execution and monitoring process of activities. The partnership is being built through multiple steps.

4.1.1. Identification of activities based on the needs of the partnersPAGE is the follow-up to PREMI which enabled the organizations and institutions involved to highlight the importance of partnership in relation to the benefits that are individually and collectively derived. To strengthen and consolidate these achievements, IUCN has initiated PAGE at the end of a capitalization process of PREMI achievements and consultations with partners. This approach helped to identify activities that cover to the best extent possible the initiatives of the partners. The official launch of PAGE was combined with an operational planning workshop that enabled the partners to go through all activities to update them based on the trends in their needs. From this work, an operational plan that tally with the planning of the programme activities over the five years was produced and serves as a basis for drafting the work plan and annual budget.At all levels, from programme design to operational planning of activities, the partners were closely involved.

Every year, the partners draft their work plan and annual budget (WPAB) based on a specific template together with an operational plan of the programme. During this exercise, they take account of the achievements and drawbacks of previous years as well as new trends in their needs. The WPABs of all partners are centralized and consolidated by the Coordination. An annual planning workshop is organized to arbitrate and validate the proposed activities and budgets. On this occasion, all activities are scrutinized and ultimate modifications can still be made. At the end of the workshop, a final version of the WPAB of the programme is produced and submitted to the steering committee for approval.

4.1.2. Participatory planningParticipatory planning is an essential tool of PAGE. It constitutes the backbone of partnership. It is carried out during an annual working session that brings together all partners. It is a validation and programming work on the activities in the respective countries. This approach helps to avoid overlapping in the WPAB and ensures effective monitoring.

Participatory planning is a requirement of PAGE. It was used when designing the programme, during operational planning and annual planning sessions. At every step, appropriate planning tools are used allowing partners to share information and current needs.

Participatory planning is a genuine dialogue framework. It helps to share experiences and responsibilities among the various partners. The consolidated WPAB is posted in the plenary session. The activities are unfolded one by one, amended and validated in accordance with the partners’ expectations.

The final version of the WPAB is submitted to the steering committee which is mandated to approve it. Once approved, the WPAB is forwarded to SIDA to request financing. It can then be implemented by the partners based on the timelines.

25

The importance of agreements according to NBA

With these agreements, We are moving towards more formal collaboration for the practical implementation of the activities related to environmental governance. These documents materialize the collaborative approach between IUCN and its partners. They help to converge towards consensus-based outcomes due to the existence of terms of reference”. Robert DESSOUASSI, Manager of the NBA Observatory

‟

4.1.3. Working missions and meetings on partnership

PAGE appears to be a new working philosophy within IUCN. The philosophy aims at breaking away from the unilateral logic of donors and moving towards a logic of partnership. The main mission of the PAGE team is therefore to ensure the deep-rooting of the philosophy at the level of the various partners. To achieve

this, working missions and meetings are initiated with the aim of strengthening and monitoring the partnership.Working missions to partners were conducted at the beginning of the programme and following years based on the needs of the partners and for coordination. They take place when challenges are observed or as required.Missions conducted by the PAGE coordination experts.As the case may be, support mission aim at:- Specifying the implementation

modalities of the activities;- Eliminating the constraints related to the

implementation of the activities;- Providing technical support for the

conduct of activities;- Informing the partners on the new

arrangements.

4.1.4. Signing conventions, in-house agreements and addendaConventions are part of the steps towards implementing and formalizing the

partnership between PAGE and some of its partners. In countries where an IUCN office exists, internal agreements help to entrust this country office with the implementation and monitoring of PAGE activities in the field. The IUCN office in Burkina Faso is responsible for the implementation of PAGE activities in Togo, Benin, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire and Burkina as well.It may happen that the project budgets are underestimated. In the course of the implementation, the partners are faced with a resource gap, hence the signing of addenda to enable good execution of the projects.

4.1.5. Partnership coordination in the implementation of activities The PAGE stakeholders ensure the implementation of the activities in the field. For the monitoring, they produce implementation reports to the PAGE team. This approach enables the coordination of the execution of activities. Every partner is responsible for the activity entrusted with him or her. As such, he or

she ensures the execution and monitoring in close collaboration with the PAGE Coordination. After the implementation of the activity, a report is sent to the Coordination for consolidation. It also happens the PAGE Coordination directly participates in the execution of certain activities because of their specificity. In that case, the implementation is jointly undertaken.

The periodical monitoring – evaluation of actions is done by all partners. At the end of every year, a review and programming

264. Description of the partnership implementation (suite)


Whether formal or informal, the partnership yields fruits

NBA, VBA, CILSS and the national directorates in charge of water of Burkina Faso, Mali and Guinea have formalized their partnership relationships with the signature of a specific convention with IUCN for the implementation of PAGE.With UEMOA and GWP/WA, a MoU was signed and the PAGE activities are included in this dynamics. As for ECOWAS, a MoU is in the process of being signed.

Memory aid of the WRCC: accountability duty or communication best practice ?

The Water Resource Coordination Center (WRCC) is responsible for the monitoring and supervision of ECOWAS activities in the area of water management. To keep the commissioners of the sub regional institution informed and improve decision-making, the WRCC produces on a

regular basis of memory aids. Simple and legible, these documents contribute to updating the knowledge about the main results of the implementation of PREAO and of its regional plan of action. Given its importance, this practice could be registered in the PAGE information production and sharing strategy”.Mahamane Dédéou TOURE, ECOWAS/WRCC

‟

workshop is held. During this meeting, the implementation of the WPAB is assessed and evaluated in terms of results. The challenges encountered are analyzed and common solutions found.

4.1.6. Technical support for the partners

The PAGE and IUCN/PACO coordination team support the partners in the implementation and monitoring of their activities. This type of technical support aims at strengthening the PAGE stakeholders. For VBA for instance, this technical support was materialized through the following steps:

- Data collection;- Development of a methodological

Guide to the Volta Basin water charter;- Development of a strategy for the

dissemination of transboundary policies on water good governance.

The PAGE Coordination supports the partners at all stages of the activity implementation process. It thus contributes to the development of terms of reference, facilitation of capacity building activities, organization of meetings, expertise mobilization, document sharing and amendment of study reports, etc.

The support for partners adds value to the various dimensions of the activities carried out and makes it possible to cultivate the spirit of ‘doing it together’ with the stakeholders involved in the various processes.

4.1.7. Knowledge and information production, generation and sharing

Information and knowledge sharing on environmental governance constitutes a major pillar for PAGE.

For information collection and dissemination, a five-step technical process was put in place as follows:

drafting of a knowledge management plan;

development of tools as provided for in the plan;

information collection from the team and partners;

utilization on a regular basis of communication tools and means;

evaluation of completed communication activities.

The stakeholders are on one hand PAGE and its partners that make information available and the target audiences that are the recipients of information on the other hand.

This methodology helped to:

make a knowledge valuing plan available; produce communication tools; capitalize on and disseminate the

PAGE products through the IUCN networks and its partners, the website, newsletter, during workshops and international meetings.

Though information collection and dissemination attracts potential PAGE partners, some constraints were noted. These are essentially the reluctance to share information and the weak mastery of information sharing tools and techniques.It was observed that information sharing is restricted to the PAGE programme only. It does not cover the other activities outside the programme. Yet this sharing can allow the mainstreaming of other aspects of partnership.

The support for partners adds value to the various dimensions of the activities carried out and makes it possible to cultivate the spirit of ‘doing it together’ with the stakeholders involved in the various processes.

4.1.8. Resource sharing: financing, cofinancing (VBA, NBA, PAGIRE, WRCC)

The partnership such as developed by PAGE lies on a two-fold approach to the financing of activities: direct financing and co-financing. In either case, a resource sharing effort is noted. In the case of direct financing, resource sharing refers to the provision of human resources to the beneficiary partner (case of VBA in the implementation of the 2015-2019 strategic plan). In the case

of co-financing, the two parties (PAGE and beneficiary partner) share the cost of implementation of the activity.

It should be specifically noted that in the case of direct financing, the required financial resources are made available to the partner to cover the expenses related to the activities entrusted. However, it may happen that in addition to that, the coordination actively participates in the organization of the said activities by supporting the drafting of the ToRs and/or physical execution of activities on the field.

In the case of cofinancing, every partner contributes to the programme on the basis of his possibilities. The contribution may cover one or several components of one or more given items. In addition to funds, technical skills may also be pooled for the effective implementation of the action concerned.

4.1.9. Mobilization of technical and financial partners with the PAGE’s actionBeyond the co-financing, other strategies were developed on the field by some partners to fill the financial gap. A prior analysis of the sector is conducted in support of planning and implementation of the activities per objective and per geographic area. The actors involved in the same domain and with the same vision as PAGE are called upon before the implementation of the activities. This analysis and readiness to work in synergy help to lay the foundation for collaborative interventions. This dynamics has led for instance to the convention stated among IUCN, WWF and RAMPAO for the setting up of an environmental radio network. It has



Example of cofinancing of activities between NBA and PAGE

As part of the implementation of PAGE, advocacy activities were planned for operationalizing data collection and organization tools for the NBA Observatory (Activity 1.3.2 of PAGE). To ensure the effective implementation of this activity, NBA and PAGE undertook to cofinance the activity. Of the total amount of EURO 100.000, NBA raised over 38% of the budget or EURO 38, 110. This action accomplished by NBA within the framework of PAGE is a best practice that strengthens the formal partnership that exists between them and the project. This cofinancing helped to achieve verifiable results on the field: creation of five (5) formal networks of data producers and / or keepers made up each of three thematic groups in Burkina Faso, Benin, Guinea, Mali and Côte d’Ivoire; the enthusiasm and engagement (written collective commitment) of countries and NBA to collaborate and collect and make data available.

28

helped to pool funds and efforts for the launch of ReRao. Another example is given by the IUCN country programme in Senegal that chose to expand the partnership circle so to cope with the inadequate financial and technical resources.

In a crosscutting manner, harmonization, team spirit and pooling of competencies constitute the guiding principles in the execution of PAGE.

4.2. The partnership as developed by the PAGE stakeholders at a glanceAfter two years of implementation, a retrospective glance by stakeholders helped to make an appraisal of PAGE in the perspective of partnership. These elements for appraisal make it possible to go beyond the philosophy and analyze the facts.

4.2.1. Activities geared towards environmental governance

PAGE covers three (3) thematic areas: IWRM; climate change; and

ecosystem management. Its partnership logic is therefore focused on these three topics that constitute its pillars and every PAGE activity is linked to one of them. This allows the programme to stick to its general objective of contributing to the improvement of the living conditions of the West African people through strengthened environmental policies and institutional framework. PAGE and its different stakeholders thus focus on activities aimed at enhancing the implementation of environmental policies, building the capacity of actors and establishing more open governance of natural resources in the West African region.

4.2.2. Activities focused on concrete results

All partners engaged in the implementation of PAGE have an individual well defined mission in the agreement binding them to the programme. The terms of reference of such documents governing the partnership clearly indicated the results expected by each partner. After two years of implementation, several results

are noticeable on the field, even though more efforts are still to be made by certain partners to fully abide by the terms of reference.

Moreover, the activities planned within the framework of PAGE are not static. With other partners, the institutions can carry out non PAGE activities that have a link with the programme. The validation of activities to be conducted on the field is dynamic based on three (3) elements :

Participatory approach;

Empowerment;

Consensus.

However, this means the evaluation of PAGE includes all activities conducted within the framework of environmental governance so as to have a better understanding of the changes produced by the sum of separate interventions.

4.2.3. Influence of partners’ activities

As a platform for improved environmental governance in West Africa, PAGE is not restricted to financing the activities of stakeholders. The programme also works

towards influencing some partners for the mainstreaming of certain activities related to these intervention areas. That is the case of TOP-SECAC tools dissemination activities to actors of other projects active in the region, more particularly the Agriculture adaptation to climate change (PACC), financed by GIZ in Benin.

4.2.4. Close collaboration with IGOs and States Environmental governance, beyond the PAGE support, remains the sovereign role of States and their policy and strategic partners i.e. intergovernmental organizations (ECOWAS: WRCC and DE, UEMOA, CILSS/Regional Center Agrhymet).With the States, collaboration is more focused on the implementation of Government IWRM and ecosystem management policies. Therefore, from the PAGE partners, the Directorates in charge of Water Resources and Environment are in good position. Indeed, to the States, the idea is to implement awareness raising activities of actors, technical work to inform decision-making in the area of water management and operationalization of water agencies.

Confidence into an exhaustive and cross understanding of results obtained through West Africa environmental governance

… We are a group of partners that agreed to work together to achieve a common goal. Every institution already has a mission and part of the efforts, at a minimum, is in line with PAGE. It would be interesting that in addition to what belongs specifically to PAGE, the partners provide results towards the common goal. Results that they have obtained with the support of partners

other than SIDA or PAGE. It is in this way that we will become aware of what we are poised to achieve together or what we are missing. Today, we are focusing on PAGE. But if we were to strictly undertake a capitalization, we should know what the WRCC for instance was able to do in the sense of contributing to IWRM, what DNH is achieving in Mali, etc. ”

Aimé J. Nianogo, Regional Director, IUCN /PACO

‟

The discussions among actors nevertheless reveal many discrepancies in the inclusion of Basin Organization activities, which is normally the responsibility of the States. « With Basin Organizations, the States are actually called upon to play their financing roles in their activities» said a participant in the capitalization workshop. Proposals were thus made to ensure that IUCN plans for the sensitization of Government actors to take charge of the activities of

Environment institutions on behalf of the States.

4.2.5. Involvement of partners in Monitoring and Evaluation The Monitoring and Evaluation and reporting mechanism put in place as part of PAGE facilitates information collection and sharing on the activities implemented, results achieved and difficulties encountered.

The inception and planning workshops or working meetings and field missions as well as the sessions of the coordination bodies of the programme constitute common information sharing frameworks. PAGE thus has information on the activities planned and implemented.The various actors should however make considerable efforts towards expanding the scope of knowledge to other activities conducted outside PAGE but related to the topics of climate change, ecosystems management and IWRM. In other words,

the sharing of information should not be limited to the Programme framework but rather enable a clear understanding of the complementarity between the PAGE contribution and the efforts made by each of the actors towards improved environmental governance in West Africa. The reciprocity principle in information sharing should be strengthened. Each actor should prove to be open-minded and altruistic so to ensure genuine sharing of information.



In Senegal, for the implementation of the activities, the IUCN country office has established a partnership with Cheick Anta Diop University (UCAD) and the National Advanced School of Agriculture (ENSA) for the conduct of studies on the status of ecosystems. The relationship with academics helped to collect the required data for the preparation of forest development plans. In this process, lecturer scientists have contributed to the strategic thinking and coordinated the studies. Students collected the baseline data in target domains of the studies. IUCN Senegal

made financial resources available, participated in the coordination and provided technical support. Implemented in 2015, this activity in addition to the results achieved within the framework of PAGE, gave the students the opportunity to collect data for defending their dissertations. The academics also benefitted from the information collected and disseminated to their peers. By developing this approach, IUCN Senegal UCAD and ENSA have engaged in a long term win-win partnership.

Enriching the partnership circle to pool resources and cope with financial and technical limitations

Overview of the approaches developed by PAGE implementation actors

Consultations Financing and contracting

Capacity building/Knowledge generation

Signing of partnership agreements

Financing of activities

Cofinancing

Use of consultants

Meetings

Workshops

Mobilization of authorities

Involvement of regional, national and local actors

Training

Research

Studies

30

The responsibility of States for the financing and empowerment of institutions

Indeed, the sustainability of PAGE financing should not be an issue. It should be directed to the States that set up these institutions. The States should mainstream the financing and empowerment of these institutions in their policies. They should find the ways and means to ensure their sustainability”.Robert DESSOUASSI, Manager of the NBA Observatory.

‟

4.2.6. Activities enriched through cofinancing

As part of PAGE, certain partners have contributed to the implementation of activities by providing counterpart funds. The financial partnership developed within the framework of PAGE makes it possible to widen the scope of the activities carried out in synergy. One example is the case of VBA on the training of national hydrological service workers, NBA on the formalization of the environmental and socio-economic information and data management network of the Niger Basin and the setting up of data warehouses in national focal structures. Such provisions reflect the commitment of the various stakeholders to achieving results. Even though the sharing of resources is limited, complementarities are sought so as to optimize the implementation of the activities programmed.

4.3. Analysis of partnership relations among the stakeholdersThe analysis of the partnership relations shows a shared vision and trust among the PAGE actors.

4.3.1. Shared partnership vision: PAGE is undergoing a testWhen it is effective in a partnership, collaboration can translates into pooling resources for achieving common objectives. PAGE seems to be still under a test at this level. Indeed, the pooling of resources depends on having the same understanding of the ideals pursued. However, after two years, PAGE has not yet finished the effective construction of this theoretical base for partnership.

With different partners (CCAFS/IUCN Burkina, CC_SIDA/Burkina, PACC/Benin) Projects, PAGE has co-organized a meeting on the use of the TOP-SECAC tools for the planning and Monitoring and Evaluation of the Project on Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change (PACC) in Benin. Results

The dissemination of TOP-SECAC has enabled the coverage of actors in the PACC Project zones that were not targeted by PAGE in Benin. Thus, 100 actors were sensitized on the need for and urgency of mainstreaming climate change in local strategic planning; 100 other actors were equipped with the analysis methods of climate change adaptation (in the agricultural domain) and incorporation of measures enabling the populations to be more resilient to the adverse effects of climate change.Stakeholders

PAGE : facilitation of the training in the municipalities of Kérou, Matéri and Banikoara

CCAFS/IUCN Burkina Projects: facilitation of the training in the municipalities of Kérou, Matéri and BanikoaraCC-SIDA/Burkina Project: facilitation of the training in the municipalities of Kérou, Matéri and BanikoaraPACC/Benin : logistics and financing of the training in Kérou, Materi and Banikoara (more than CFA F 3.000.000)The way forward

PAGE has contributed to responding to the request of the PACC/Benin Project by participating in the implementation of the trainings. This contribution, though limited in terms of partnership, has opened the door to closeness between PACC and PAGE which could lead to a partnership within the framework of environmental governance.

PAGE-PACC Partnership for the dissemination and adoption of TOP-SECAC by actors in Benin

Information flow as a pillar of partnership

The actions that we carry out within the framework of this programme covers five years and is intended to result in the longer run into a partnership between us, meaning between IUCN and the other partners and among the partners themselves. This is our vision and what we are doing for the time being though with shortcomings, notably in terms of information flow. More efforts should be made at this level”. Maxime SOMDA, Regional Coordinator, PAGE, IUCN/PACO

‟

All partners engaged in the implementation of PAGE have an individual well defined mission in the agreement binding them to the programme.

Even though the steps towards pooling resources have already been taken, an effort should be made to improve the understanding of the partnership spirit and mostly to develop a common vision. While some state the issues inherent to the partnership approach based on results-oriented management, others see PAGE as a mere provider of financial resources to execute activities in relation to the thematic areas. The reflection should be heightened so to develop a common and shared vision of the partnership spirit. The creation and facilitation of exchange spaces including within IUCN to evaluate and analyze the partnership could contribute to limiting divergences and agreeing on a common understanding.

4.3.2. PAGE, an original partnership built upon mutual trust and confidence PAGE builds upon the Poverty Reduction and Environmental Management Initiative (PREMI) and other IUCN programmes in West Africa to implement the new consensus-based ideas. Because it is focused on a partnership approach, its methodology is fairly innovative. All the



In order to get the draft directive on West Africa hydraulic infrastructures approved, WRCC (ECOWAS) engaged with PAGE in a logic of co-organizing the 4th session of the Council of IWRM Ministers. This activity aimed at providing the region with a legal framework in the area of hydraulic infrastructure development.

Stakeholders

ECOWAS: political backstop

PAGE/IUCN: technical and financial support

Global Water Initiatives (GWI)/IUCN: technical and financial support

Institut International pour l’Environnement et le Développement (IIED) : financial support

States and Basin Organizations: sponsorship

Civil Society: facilitation As a result, this activity has enabled the adoption of best practices in terms of West Africa hydraulic infrastructure development and IWRM in West Africa. PAGE has also assisted the WRCC in the dissemination and ownership of the guidelines on infrastructures by the various actors.

Co-organization of the 4th session of the Council of IWRM Ministers. WRCC and PAGE hand in hand

32

PAGE in-between financing and implementation of activities: a doubting partnership ?

One can feel some sort of partnership among the institutions. However, I expect more than that. For now, I do not really feel the partnership because it is limited to the implementation of activities. As a partner in terms of exchange of expertise, I expect more than that with respect to the financial aspects upstream the partnership ”.Sylvain ZABRE, IUCN/Burkina Faso

‟

How does the WRCC see PAGE?

PAGE is not seen as a donor but as a support organization for environmental governance institutions. PAGE comes in support of the States to cope with the financial, human resource and technical gaps”. Mahamane Dédéou TOURE, ECOWAS/WRCC

‟

Activities geared towards environnemental governance

ActivIties focused on concrete results

Influence of partners' activities

Close collaboration with IGOs and States

Active involvement of partners in monitoring and evaluation

Provision of counterpart funds

Sp

ecifi

citi

es o

f PA

GE

Summary of the partnership as developed by the PAGE stakeholders

proposals contained in the programme originate from the partners, which helps to set realistic and relevant commonly agreed objectives. Additionally, in the implementation of the programme, great importance will be given to the dialogue among the partners. The annual review and programming workshops constitute appropriate frameworks. They make it possible to not only expand the convergence of common interests but also mutual trust in view of enhanced environmental governance in the longer term.

PAGE seen as a donor: the need for wiping out this idea

The stakeholders acknowledge that a real partnership philosophy goes through the wiping out of the current idea that most people have of PAGE: that of PAGE being a donor. This deconstruction remains a field of work as stated by this IUCN official: « the concrete implementation of the partnership on the field is a new trend and

considerable efforts remain to be done. The partnership functions maybe at more than 90% with the financial support of PAGE. We need to go beyond that by pooling our funds, as small as they may be, to provide the financing ”. Jacques SOMDA, Regional Programme Manager, Planning and Monitoring – Evaluation, IUCN -PACO

‟

5

Achievements and lessons

learned

5.1. Complementary roles and missions Through the roles and responsibilities assumed by each actor, it appears that they work together towards improving West Africa environmental governance. To achieve this, institutional mechanisms are put in place among the organizations.

5.2. A collaborative relationship established For several years, IUCN has maintained collaborative relationships with the majority of the PAGE stakeholders. This major institutional record has made it easier to build trustful relationships, a key foundation for partnership. The mutual acquaintance of the actors has contributed to creating a common

vision in the execution of environmental governance actions.

PAGE has also succeeded in bring together the actors working on topics of common interest: IWRM, Climate change and Ecosystem Management. The establishment of horizontal relations in the implementation of the Programme constitutes a key factor for attaining the expected results. Far from wanting to be

a « donor-to-beneficiaries» relationship, PAGE puts emphasis on participation and consultation in the identification of priorities, implementation and monitoring of activities. The mechanism put in place facilitates the co-implementation of activities with pre-defined levels of accountability of each actor taking into consideration the expected results. This approach helps to streamline the environmental governance interventions in West Africa. It has thus contributed to enhancing the dialogue among the actors for the coverage of their needs and facilitating the adoption of appropriate environmental governance tools.

5.3. On the need to develop a common vision of the partnership spirit The PAGE approach is based on an operational partnership with a logic of consistent intervention given the actors that are mobilized (IGOs, Basin Organizations, States, TFPs, Civil Society, Research Institutes, the Media, etc.). Each of the actors brings their building blocks for the construction of the partnership with the driving principle

35

Opinion of the Representative of the Mali National Directorate of Hydraulics (NDH) on the interest in PAGE

PAGE has brought change in the practices, tools and approach of our institution. What is interesting is that it implements new ideas built on consensus with special emphasis on scaling up”. Hamidou DJIGA, NDH – Mali

‟

of making the roles and responsibilities consistent in enhancing environmental governance in West Africa. While the operational conduct of activities is going on smoothly, more efforts should be deployed towards harmonizing the vision of the partnership spirit.

As a pilot programme, PAGE learns lessons from the records, hesitations, weaknesses but also success stories. Through its capitalization mechanism, PAGE creates a conducive environment for an open dialogue with all actors in view of suggesting improvements. PAGE thus creates conditions for

experimenting a partnership which outcomes could impact environmental governance options in West Africa. The initiation of the programme constitutes the time for common learning from which good lessons should be learned to avoid difficulties in the process and ensure the achievement of expected results.de parcours et garantir l’atteinte des résultats escomptés.

5.4. Some improvement clues The reflections conducted show the need for developing a common vision of the partnership. An open debate on the status of partnership would help to better harmonize the views of each actor. Stronger networking at country and regional levels would contribute to finding concrete responses to the environmental governance issues. These consultation and exchange frameworks aim at facilitating the deep – rooting of the partnership as promoted by PAGE. This goes through enhanced information flow between the partners and PAGE: mutual information on the activities carried out, sharing of results, information

on the actions conducted outside PAGE, networking of partners, etc.

It is important not to work in isolation and mostly to make the remaining actors (both internal and external PAGE partners) benefit from the experiences and knowledge generated by the partnership. All opportunities should be used to attract new partners while consolidating the existing ones.

5. Achievements and lessons learned (suite)


Moving towards sustained involvement of the regional higher institutions

One of the basic aspects of PAGE is to support the implementation of the regional water and environment policies by regional organizations, notably ECOWAS and UEMOA. In my opinion, we are on the right track, but we need to optimize the results by making sure that the programme is further taken ownership of by the higher

directorates. As the focal point within ECOWAS, the WRCC is successfully making efforts. However, to strengthen what is already being done, the work should be better backstopped by the higher directorates managing the regional institutions ”.Mahamane Dédéou TOURE, ECOWAS/WRCC

36

‟

Far from wanting to be a « donor-to-beneficiaries » relationship, PAGE puts emphasis on participation and consultation in the identification of priorities, implementation and monitoring of activities.

The challenge to bringing everybody to the same level of information

… the idea is not to say that PAGE is well implemented or not. The fact is that everybody does not understand this in the same manner, which is quite logic. For example, there are participants that have been working in institutions for the past 20 years and are partners of IUCN since 15 years. They have contributed to feeding the reflection to come up with PAGE. Such persons may not have the same understanding than the people who have come on board only six

months or one year ago through more recent partnerships. The issue that must question us is neither PAGE, nor the concept underlying it, but rather the issue of how we implement it in such a way that all partners work with the same information, same tools, same vision and same enthusiasm! Everybody should speak the same language. From then, we shall move ahead on the same basis, i.e. the basics of the programme”.

Jean Marc GARREAU, Programme Coordinator, IUCN/-PACO

‟

6

Recom- mendations

The review of practices, tools and approaches tested in the conduct of activities among the partners within the framework of PAGE helps to make a set of recommendations aimed at improving the implementation of the programme.

6.1. On PAGE functioning Given the delays often due to bureaucracy, prompt and diligent processing of the terms of reference, files, agreements and other documents of the Programme. Also, emphasis should be put on the compliance with the activity implementation timeline. Each actor should therefore make the commitment to abiding by the road map set in common agreement to facilitate the achievement of results according to deadlines. Close monitoring of the PAGE coordination team is required to ensure compliance with the planning. As part of the activities organized by the PAGE Coordination, there is need to work towards aligning the daily subsistence allowance rates with regional standards (ECOWAS, UEMOA). The rates that are

currently applied are not motivational and this could negatively impact the quality of contributions. In the same vein, efforts should also be made in terms of incorporation of the Communication component in the implementation of the activities. Every actor should pay attention to this aspect to make realistic budget estimates during the preparation of the WPAB. Beyond that, the technical expertise of IUCN should be better valued to the partners. The aim is to strengthen the technical support of actors in the implementation of the activities.

6.2. On the planning of activities We should work to establish a common understanding of the sharing spirit as promoted by PAGE. The stakeholders should share a common vision of partnership. We should also work towards an improved estimate of the activities and of the inherent costs for their efficient implementation. Emphasis should laid on the improvement of reporting. As part of this, it would be interesting to document the activities carried out in the non-PAGE thematic areas. This would help to make a link between what is being done at

PAGE and the results obtained by the actors engaged at the local, national and regional levels. To some actors such as VBA, monitoring – evaluation tools of the activities should be made available.

6.3. On communication and advocacy The recommendations relative to this line of action cover several aspects: information, consultation, advocacy, etc. For the decision-makers, there is need to envisage permanent information of the higher institutions. The production of memos on a regular basis could contribute to making ownership of the PAGE results by the regional actors and States easier. The improvement of information flow among the partners also constitutes a major challenge to be taken up. The idea is to ensure mutual information on the activities carried out, the results obtained, difficulties encountered, solutions development and lessons learned from the experience. This sharing should also cover information on non-PAGE activities that contribute to attaining thematic results. At the level of countries, some initiatives could be developed to further involve the opinion,

traditional and religious leaders or women’s organizations in the mobilization of actors and dissemination of information on PAGE at the local level. This would enable enhanced anchoring of the activities and results obtained. Basin organizations on their part should improve the political backstop of the Programme to the Member States. By showing the importance of their actions, they could better mobilize the States in support of PAGE for the improvement of environmental governance in West Africa. In the longer term, the idea is to motivate the States to provide for the required resources for ecosystem management and mainstreaming of climate change and IWRM.

6.4. On the coordination of activities The coordination of the implementation of activities was one of the weak links of the partnership chain. There has been little coordination in the implementation of the activities which resulted into delays in meeting execution deadlines and low level of combination of strengths. This has prevented the achievement of

39

best results by some of the partners. That is the case of the Mali National Directorate of Hydraulics with the overlaying of work programmes (planning at the Ministry and at PAGE) and PS/PAGIRE with little convergence of activities with IUCN Burkina. It is therefore advisable to put in place a formal consultation mechanism between PAGE and its partners in view of facilitating information exchange and motivating the country programmes to develop their partnerships based on the internal agreement signed within the framework of PAGE.

6.5. On the increase in human resources In some countries, the inadequacy in human resources has somehow undermined the implementation of planned activities. This is the case of IUCN Burkina Faso, where this translated into a challenge to covering the countries concerned by the studies undertaken by IUCN Senegal. In the case of IUCN Senegal, this understaffing has led to an internal reorganization to cope with the workload. It is therefore suggested to

conduct reflections on this issue so as to find sustainable solutions and minimize the effects on the implementation of the activities.

6.6. On sharing of the PAGE partnership visionIn the countries, the partners were facing financial constraints. In Senegal, certain technical services that were used to working based on high remuneration standards find it difficult to understand the PAGE financial conditions. This may be due to the low vision sharing on the implementation modalities and partnership spirit. These technical services behave more like service providers than partners. It is indispensable for the actors to move away from the logic of service delivery and get together in a logic of construction. It is important to understand the interest in having a partnership with IUCN which helps to integrate a regional setup. Additionally, the mobilization of partners should be based on memory aids generated by the planning process.

6.7. On consultation strengthening The effective implementation of PAGE activities requires prior consultations. In some countries, the needs assessment phase has sometimes suffered from insufficient prior consultations among the actors, making it difficult to include some priorities. This is the case of Mali with the Ministry in charge of Water.It is important to systematize the participation of IUCN/PAGE in national workshops on environmental governance so to build a more comprehensive vision and better identify common working axes. It is also necessary to strengthen information sharing among IUCN, country offices, communicators, etc. and feedback on results and impacts.

6.8. On building the capacities of journalists for PAGE and environmental governanceThe inadequate coverage of the topics by certain local media prevents awareness of the rich work done and results obtained on environmental governance.

Therefore, the journalists should be trained on PAGE topics and the objectives of the Programme should be packaged into key messages to facilitate their ownership by the journalists. Also, the communication officers should be trained on environmental topics to facilitate the dissemination of information by their colleagues (journalists and communicators). It is further necessary to prepare press files for journalists and conduct advocacy to raise more funds for supporting the communication component.

40 6. Recommendations (suite)


The capitalization on processes, approaches and tools developed during the first two years of implementation of PAGE shows that the participatory approach is at the core center of the execution of activities. Identified on the basis of a common agreement and planned in an inclusive manner, the conduct of PAGE activities has enabled the production of interesting results in the area of environmental governance at the local, national and regional levels. The tools and approaches used have given evidence of their effectiveness in terms of operational execution of activities. The analysis of the indicators has helped to come up with different levels of partnerships based on consultation coordination, complementarity and collaboration. The reflections carried out also show the need for finding concrete responses to the concerns expressed by the implementing actors. They relate to the functioning of PAGE, planning of activities, communication and advocacy.

Conclusion

› Programme presentation brochure A

The presentation brochure of the West Africa Environmental Governance Partnership-PAGE,a regional IUCN-PACO initiative in support of environmental and development policies in West Africa. Partnership for environmental governance in West Africa (PAGE)

› PAGE 2014 : building partnership B

Report of the first year of implementation of the programme

Year 2014 of the West Africa Environmental Governance Partnership (PAGE) was marked by the establishment of a strong partnership between national and regional organizations for natural resource governance. The 2014 report for the general public of PAGE illustrates the activities and results of the first year of implementation of the programme. PAGE 2014 - Building partnership

"Water and environment " 2014 and 2015

› Presentation brochure of the first edition of the journalism competition on « Water and Environment » C

The first edition of the competition was launched on April 29th, 2014 and took place on the theme of «West Africa’ Water Security and Climate Resilience». Three winners were rewarded during a side event of the Africa Water Forum on June 14, 2014 in Ouagadougou. "Water and environment " 2014 and 2015

› Presentation form of the second edition of the Journalism competition on « Water and Environment» D

The second edition of the competition took place on the theme of «Water, an endangered resource, what solutions for the future?». Three winners received prizes during a side event of the 7th World Forum on Water in South Korea. Presentation form of the second edition of the Journalism competition on « Water and Envi-ronment»

Water briefing

› Investing in natural ecosystems to garantee sustainable development E

This policy brief helps on one hand to further understand the key role of ecosystems in the production of indispensable goods and services for human development, and on the other hand envisage actions to be undertaken to protect the ecosystems and sustainably manage the natural resources therein. Investing in natural ecosystems to garanteen sustainable development

› Promoting the integrated ecosystem management approach to enhance West Africa environmental governance F

This policy brief enables clearer understanding of the Integrated Ecosystem Management (IEM) approach and its benefits. In addition, it envisions the actions to be carried out to ensure its application through an appropriate regional mechanism. Promoting the integrated ecosystem management approach to enhance West Africa environmental governance


PublicationsA B C D E

42

http://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/page_brochure.pdf

http://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/page_brochure.pdf

http://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/page_report_2014.pdf

https://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/journalist_competition_2014_flyer_en.pdf

https://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/journalist_competition_2014_flyer_en.pdf

https://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/fiche_water_and_env_awards_2.pdf



http://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/water_briefing_ecosystem_challenge.pdf

http://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/water_briefing_ecosystem_challenge.pdf

http://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/water_briefing_gie_en.pdf



Studies

› Exploring the conditions for the setting up of environmental service payment in the Niger Upper Basin G

Based on a rapid assessment of the ecological, economic, social, institutional and legal status of the Niger Upper Basin in Guinea, the study helps to the outline the main conditions to be fulfilled in order to implement the Payments for Environmental Services (PES) and formulate a concrete proposal for the implementation of a pilot project. Exploring the conditions for the setting up of environmental service payment in the Niger Upper Basin

› Integrated Ecosystems Management Approaches - Experiences in West Africa H

This document summarizes some integrated ecosystems management initiatives going on in West Africa. It outlines reflection avenues to build synergy in research among regional institutions so as to pool the resources and strengthen the effectiveness of natural resource conservation and preservation policies and programmes.

The document was drafted by capitalizing on the contributions and exchanges at the regional workshop on sharing experiences on integrated ecosystem management approaches organized by IUCN within the framework of PAGE, in Cotonou, Benin from 6 to 8 May 2015. Integrated Ecosystems Management Approaches - Experiences in West Africa

Miscellaneous publications

› The ecosystemic or ecosystem-based approach I

The introductory note briefly present the ecosystemic approach by recalling its history, scientific foundations and principles. This approach is a reference framework for the development of actions programmes of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The note was produced on the occasion of the holding of workshop on sharing experiences on integrated ecosystem management approaches organized by IUCN within the framework of PAGE, in Cotonou, Benin from 6 to 8 May 2015. The ecosystemic or ecosystem-based approach

› Methodological Guide to the development and implementation of the Volta Basin Water Charter J

This methodological guide is designed as a guidance document that should guide the actors in the preparation and implementation process of the Volta Basin Water Charter. It was drafted by capitalizing on the experiences on preparing documents of Water Charters

in Africa, particularly the Lake Chad Basin Water Charter which is the most recent and which built on the experiences of the first two water charters. Methodological Guide to the development and implementation of the Volta Basin Water Charter

› Dissemination strategy of Transboundary Policies K

The brochure summarizes the deliberations of the sub regional Forum if water governance actors organized by VBA with the support of IUCN on 3rd, 4th and 5th August, 2015, in Abidjan. It presents the results achieved, the major topics discussed as well as the various strategic lines for the adherence of the actors to the transboundary policies on good water governance. Dissemination strategy of Transboundary Policies

F KG JH I

http://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/rapport_pse_hbn_page_vf.pdf



http://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/approches_de_gestion_integree_des_ecosystemes_en_afrique_de_l_ouest.pdf



http://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/lapproche_ecosystemique___note_introductive.pdf

http://www.iucn.org/backup_iucn/cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/lapproche_ecosystemique___note_introductive.pdf

http://www.abv-volta.org:10000/abv2/documents/key_documents/methodological-guide-development-and/download



http://www.abv-volta.org:10000/abv2/documents/key_documents/strategies-de-diffusion-des-politiques/download

http://www.abv-volta.org:10000/abv2/documents/key_documents/strategies-de-diffusion-des-politiques/download

For further information For any complementary information, please consult the official website of PAGE: www.iucn.org/page

Photographies

@ UICN ; except p 7 and 41 @ GWI ; p 17 and 37 @ JMG ; p 24 and 44 @ Hellio & Van Ingen.

http://www.iucn.org/page

INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

Regional Office Central and West Africa Programme (PACO)01 PO Box 1618 Ouagadougou 01Burkina FasoPhone : +226 25 37 42 16E-mail : [email protected]/paco

http://www.iucn.org/paco

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