Capítulo 2AEspañol I

El horario• To talk about your classes, use “la clase de” followed by the

class name• Ex: la clase de matemáticas

• To talk about what classes you have, use “tengo” before the class. (I have)• Ex: Tengo la clase de español en segunda hora.

• By the end of this chapter, we will be able to talk about our school schedules. In order to do that, we need to talk about the following topics:• Vocabulary• Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.)• Time• Subject Pronouns• -AR verbs

Números ordinales• Ordinal numbers tell the order

of objects in a list (first, second, third, etc.) and should be placed between the article and the noun• Ex: el segundo estudiante; la

tercera chica• In Spanish, these will change

to match the object they are describing. They must be changed in gender and number!• Ex: la quinta clase; los novenos

chicos• For primero, use primer

before a masculine noun• Ex: el primer día de clases

• Primero 1st • Segundo 2nd • Tercero 3rd

• Cuarto 4th

• Quinto5th

• Sexto 6th • Séptimo 7th

• Octavo 8th

• Noveno 9th

• Décimo 10th

Práctica

Translate the following:

1.The seventh girl

2.The ninth dictionary

3.The tenth book

4.The fourth calculator

1.La séptima chica

2.El noveno diccionario

3.El décimo libro

4.La cuarta calculadora

Repaso: la hora• The basic unit of time in Spanish is “la hora”, the hour. Since “la hora” is a singular, feminine word, one hour would be “ una hora”, two hours would be “dos horas”.

• To express the English concept, “What time is it?”, Spanish uses ¿Qué hora es?, or “What hour is it?”

• To answer in Spanish, you may have to count forward or backward• Ex: 8:25 is ocho y veinte y cinco, but 8:35 is nueve

menos veinte y cinco.

La hora• To talk about the time, you’ll start with one of two phrases:• A las (at)• Son las (it is)

• If the number of the time that you are using is una, use a la or es la

La hora• To talk about times between (hour):00 and (hour):30, use

the hour number, y, and the minute number• “Y” is used because you are saying ___ hours and ___

minutes• Ex: Son las ocho y veinte. A la una y diez• :15 is “y cuarto” and :30 is “y media”

• Translate the following:• It is 7:24.• At 12:13.• It is 1:08.

Respuestas• Son las siete y veinte y cuatro• A las doce y trece• Es la una y ocho

La hora

• To talk about times where the minute number is a multiple of 5 past 30 (:35, :40, :45, :50, :55), you will use menos and count backwards• For (hour):35 use (hour + 1) menos veinticinco• For (hour):40 use (hour + 1) menos veinte• For (hour):45 use (hour + 1) menos cuarto• For (hour):50 use (hour + 1) menos diez• For (hour):55 use (hour + 1) menos cinco

• For times past :30 that are not multiples of 5, use the y and the number.

La hora• Translate the following:

• My English class is at 1:45 PM.• Science class is at 11:35 AM.• It is 3:40 PM when (cuando) I am in Math class.• History class is at 9:45 AM.

Respuestas• Mi clase de inglés es a las dos menos cuarto de la tarde.• La clase de ciencias es a las doce menos veinte y cinco

de la mañana.• Son las cuatro menos veinte de la tarde cuando estoy en

la clase de matemáticas.• La clase de historia es a las diez menos cuarto de la

mañana.

La hora• “Special” time words exist for 12:00 AM and 12:00 PM• 12:00 AM la medianoche• 12:00 PM el mediodía

• For el mediodía, use “al” and “es el” for at and it is

Repaso- la hora• Which times have “special” time words for the number?• hour:15 would be (hour number) y cuarto• hour:30 would be (hour number) y media• hour:45 would be (hour number+ 1) menos cuarto

• When do you use menos?• hour:35 would be (hour number+ 1) menos veinte y

cinco• hour:40 would be (hour number+ 1) menos veinte• hour:45 would be (hour number+ 1) menos cuarto• hour:50 would be (hour number+ 1) menos diez• hour:55 would be (hour number+ 1) menos cinco

Traducir• It is 11:20 A.M.• At 7:57 P.M.• At 5:50 P.M.• It is 9:15 P.M. • It is midnight.• At 1:37 A.M.

Práctica- corregir• Fix the following phrases:• A las dos menos cinco de la tarde• Son las cuatro y cuarto de la mañana• A las cinco y media de la tarde• A la medianoche• Es el mediodía

Respuestas• Son las once y veinte de la mañana.• A las siete y cincuenta y siete de la noche OR a las ocho

menos tres de la noche• A las seis menos diez de la tarde• Son las nueve y cuarto de la noche.• Es la medianoche.• A la una y treinta y siete de la mañana OR a las dos

menos veinte y tres de la mañana

Pronombres de sujeto• Subject pronouns are used to specify who you are talking

to or about. They are all either 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person and can be singular or plural

• 1st person is used to talk about yourself. In English, the singular form is I and the plural form is we.

• 2nd person is used to talk to others. In English, the singular form is you and the plural form is you all.• Spanish has 2 forms of you- formal and informal

• 3rd person is used to talk about others. In English, the singular forms are he/she and the plural form is they.• Spanish has a masculine and a feminine form of they

Pronombres de sujeto

• Subject pronouns in English

I YouHe, She

We

They, You all

Subject pronouns in Spanish

YoTúÉl, Ella, Usted

Nosotros/NosotrasVosotros/VosotrasEllos, Ellas, Ustedes

Pronombres de sujeto

• Spanish has different forms of “you” for singular and plural subjects• Tú and Usted are singular• Vosotros and Ustedes are plural

• Spanish has different forms of “you” for familiar and formal uses• Tú and Vosotros are familiar and used to talk to peers and people

younger than you (people you call by their first name)• Usted and Ustedes are formal and used with adults and as a sign

of respect (people you call Mr. or Ms.)

Pronombres de sujeto

• Yo I

• Tú You (familiar, singular)

• Usted You (formal, singular)

• Él He/him• Ella She/her

Nosotros We (all male or m & f)

Nosotras We (all female)

Vosotros You all(familiar, m or m & f, plural)

Vosotras You all(familiar, all female, plural)

Ustedes You all (formal, plural)

Ellos They, them (all male or m & f)

Ellas (all f)

Pronombres de sujeto

• When we conjugate, usted is grouped with él and ella, even though it is used to talk about people.

Choose the correct subject pronoun for the following people 1. Jorge y Ana

2. Sr. Ocampo

3. Sra. Hoskins y Srta. Anderson

4. Mariana y tú

5. Pablo, Luis, y Josefina

6. Luisa

7. Pepe y yo

ellosusted

ustedesvosotros

ellosellanosotros

Conjugar verbos de -ar• To conjugate a verb, you are going to change it from its

infinitive form by dropping the –ar ending and adding a new ending that matches the subject of the sentence.• An infinitive is a verb before it has been conjugated (to ….)

• In English we conjugate verbs too. I run, he runs, we run, they run.

• A conjugated verb in the present tense can be translated two ways. For example, yo hablo inglés means “I speak English” or “I am speaking English.”

Conjugar verbos de -ar

• These are the endings that will be used to replace –ar when conjugating –ar verbs:

SingularSingular PluralPlural

Yo Yo

-o-o

NosotrosNosotros

-amos-amos

TTúú

-as-as

VosotrosVosotros

--ááisis

Él/ Ella/ Ud.Él/ Ella/ Ud.

-a-a

Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds. Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds.

-an-an

Conjugar verbos de -ar• To conjugate a verb, follow these steps:

• 1. Drop the –ar (ex: estud-)• 2. Determine the subject (ex: vosotros)• 3. Change the ending to match the subject (ex; estudiáis)

• Since the ending usually tells what the subject of the sentence is, the subject doesn’t always have to be in the sentence. It is needed for 3rd person (él/ella/ud. & ellos/ellas/uds.) only. • It can still be used with the other subjects for emphasis or clarification

• Any nouns that aren’t a person and can have actions (animals or collective nouns) should use the 3rd person conjugations (singular or plural based on the noun)• Collective nouns are nouns that are singular but describe a group- the

class, the school, etc.

Práctica• Make a verb chart for the following verbs:

• Estudiar• Cantar• Enseñar

Estudiar

SingularSingular PluralPlural

Yo Yo

estudioestudio

NosotrosNosotros

estudiestudiamosamos

TTúú

estudiasestudias

VosotrosVosotros

estudiáestudiáisis

Él/ Ella/ Ud.Él/ Ella/ Ud.

estudiaestudia

Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds. Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds.

estudiestudianan

Cantar

SingularSingular PluralPlural

Yo Yo

cantocanto

NosotrosNosotros

cantamoscantamos

TTúú

cantcantasas

VosotrosVosotros

cantcantááisis

Él/ Ella/ Ud.Él/ Ella/ Ud.

cantcantaa

Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds. Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds.

cantancantan

Enseñar

SingularSingular PluralPlural

Yo Yo

enseñoenseño

NosotrosNosotros

enseñamosenseñamos

TTúú

enseñenseñasas

VosotrosVosotros

enseñenseñááisis

Él/ Ella/ Ud.Él/ Ella/ Ud.

enseñenseñaa

Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds. Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds.

enseñanenseñan

Práctica• Conjugate the following verbs based on the subject

provided:• 1. Estudiar (tú)• 2. Usar (ella)• 3. Montar (yo)• 4. Pasar (vosotros)• 5. Trabajar (nosotros)• 6. Cantar (ustedes)

Respuestas• 1. Estudias• 2. Usa• 3. Monto• 4. Pasáis• 5. Trabajamos• 6. Cantan