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Gender pay gap
In Egypt
Prepared by Wafaa Maged Ahmed
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1) What are the challenges negatively affect the ability
of Egyptian women to participation in economic life?
2) What are the reasons for the gap in wages?
3) What forms of discrimination in the private, public
and Government sector?
Challenges negatively affect the ability of Egyptian
women to participation in economic life
3) Rate of women's participation in the labor force is less than
the Participate of men.
2) High unemployment rate among females compared to males
1) Gender discrimination in the Egyptian labor market.
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unemployment rates & rate of participation in the labor force
4.9
75.1
22.6
23.1
unemploymentRates (
population age15+)
Rate ofparticipation in
labor force
male female
%
wome
Source: CAPMAS, Labor Force Survey, 2010 5
Challenges negatively affect the ability of Egyptian
women to participation in economic life
4) Inappropriate working conditions for women in the labor market.
5) The undervaluing of women’s work.
6) Unequal balance of work and private life.
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Challenges negatively affect the ability of Egyptian
women to participation in economic life
7) Society's perception toward women’s work.
8) Discrimination in wages between men and women.
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Reasons for the gap in wages
1) Gender discrimination in the Egyptian labor market.
2) Expectations of low-level performance for women.
3) Expectations of women for lower wages than men.
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Reasons for the gap in wages
4) Lack of skills for women.
5) There are multiple channels of discrimination, particularly
in the private sector in terms of wages, bonuses and incentives.
6) The employer, particularly in private sector may prefer
the appointment of men in higher degrees of functionality.
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Forms of discrimination in the private, public and
Government sector
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Concentration of females in the lowest sequence career
Discrimination in the Public and government sector
Women Less likely than men to get the
means of production such as Education, skills…ect
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The private sector
Women themselves
Discrimination in private sector
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Extent working time
Reluctant to hire women because
women's employment in informal sector
T he private sector
The cost of maternity and motherhood
Egyptian labor laws Social protectionHealth insurance
Join trade unions
This implies depriving women from
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Thank you for your attention
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The Central Agency for Public
Mobilization and Statistics
CAPMAS
www.capmas.go.eg
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