CAPTEX T2

EFFECT OF THE DIFFERENT MYCOTOXINS IN ON THE DIFFERENT

FARMED ANIMALS SPECIES• Poultry1.Broilers2.Layers3.Breeder

•Sheep•Goats

• Fish• Shrimp

Mycotoxins• Aflatoxin (AFB)• Fumonisin (FB)• Ochratoxin (OTA)

• T-2 Toxin (T-2)• Zearalenone (ZEN)• Vomitoxin or Deoxynivalenol (DON)

MYCOTOXIN CONCENTRATIONS IN

COMPLETE FEED IN EUROPE

FEED AF FUMONISIN

OTA

T2 DON

ZEA

% positive samples 84 66 65 39 57 37

Av. Concentration (ppb)

18 106 21 18 111 76

(318 samples from 10 countries, 2012)

3 different strategies to counteract a broad spectrum of mycotoxins

1.Preventing further mold growth

2.Adsorption by minerals

3.Biotransformation by enzymatic activity

HOW DOES CAPTEX T2 DEACTIVATES MYCOTOXINS (MODE OF ACTION)

Sodium Propionateacts as a mold inhibitor to prevent mold growth and proliferation

minimizes risk of having mycotoxin-producing molds further proliferating in feed.

has no activity against mycotoxins, but, always, when you ascertain mycotoxins presence, there is still a residual presence of molds.

1. PREVENTING FURTHER MOLD GROWTH

Minimum inhibitory concentration of propionic acid (g/kg diet) on bacteria and molds

1. PREVENTING FURTHER MOLD GROWTH

CAPTEX T2 contains 2 main aluminosilicates

1.Calcium Bentonite (montmorillonite)

2.Zeolite (clinoptilolite)

2. ADSORPTION BY MINERALS

originally created from the breakdown (weathering) of volcanic ash.

is a silicate with a layered polar crystalline microstructure which adsorbs organic substances either on its external surfaces or within its interlaminar spaces.

Used to bind mainly Aflatoxin.

BENTONITE / MONTMORILLONITE

2. ABSORPTION BY MINERALS

MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF BENTONITE (MONTMORILLONITE)

2:1 clay structure: one octahedral sheet sandwiched between two tetrahedral sheets

The mycotoxins that are bound by the montmorillonite are those that can physically enter into the interlayer space.

The width of the interlayer space is 0.25 to 0.7 nanometers in the dry state and 1 nanometer in the hydrated state. Aflatoxins and ochratoxins can enter into this space

2. ABSORPTION BY MINERALS

is of (sea or lake) sedimentation origin with a unique, complex crystalline structure.

honeycomb (tetrahedral) framework of cavities and channels act like cages, trapping mycotoxins.

Used to deactivate Zearalenone, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin.

ZEOLITES / CLINOPTILOLITE

2. ABSORPTION BY MINERALS

MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF CLINOPTILOLITE

3-dimentional crystalline Structure with an 8-ring and 10-ring channels

has a cage-like structure, with pores and channels running through the crystal.

The cage and surrounding mineral carries a net negative charge, making it one of the few negatively charged minerals found in nature

2. ABSORPTION BY MINERALS

MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF BENTONITE (CLINOPTILOLITE)

Because of its cage-like structure and negative charge, clinoptilolite has the ability to draw and trap within and on itself positively charged toxic particles that fit into the pores and channels of the cage

It acts as molecular sieves and absorb substances of a low-molecular compounds (mycotoxins)

Used to adsorb Zearalenone, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin, Deoxynivalenol

2. ABSORPTION BY MINERALS

Belongs to a new generation of mycotoxin deactivators, which are classified as highly purified and activated clays.

The minerals undergo a special process that involves;

Physical treatment (Micronisation)

Chemical treatment which greatly increases its adsorbent efficiency

CAPTEX

2. ABSORPTION BY MINERALS

The high affinity of binding is due to the fact that the product is modified by the micronisation process to be extremely fine, 150,000 particles/gram.

This provides for a larger surface area that increases the possibility of interacting with mycotoxins.

Though extremely fine, caution is given not to have any particles size of less than 5 microns in order to avoid dustiness as well as inhalation issues with the people that are handling the product.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT AND ACTIVE SURFACE OF CAPTEX T2

2. ABSORPTION BY MINERALS

CEC (Cationic Exchange Capacity) is important as it explains the water absorption capacity of the product.

The lower the CEC the better it is, as its water absorption capacity decreases. In the other hand, if CEC is below of 35 then it starts losing its affinity to mycotoxins.

CEC over 100, means that the product has high in water absorption capacity and consequently some nutrients can be trapped.

CAPTEX T2 has a CEC of approximately 55. IDEAL!!

CHEMICAL TREATMENT AND CEC OFCAPTEX T2

2. ABSORPTION BY MINERALS

CAPTEX T2 DOES NOT BIND EITHER NUTRIENT OR DRUGS!MAXIMUM SIZE OF CAPTEX T2 HOLES IS 50 MICRONS

Name of compound

Minimumparticle

size(microns

)

VITAMIN A 350

VITAMIN D3 200

VITAMIN B12 120

FOLIC ACID 120

IRON SULFATE 250

ZINC SULFATE 160

TYLOSINE 150

AMOXYCILLIN 150

Name of mycotoxins

Maximum

particle size

(microns)

AFLATOXIN 1

ZEARALENONE 1

OCHRATOXIN 1

FUMONISIN 1

T2 1

VOMITOXIN 1

2. ABSORPTION BY MINERALS

These treatments enable the minerals to form a stable irreversible complex that immobilizes the target mycotoxins in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and by reducing their bio-availability, they are prevented from being absorbed through the gut and into the blood circulation, so thus eliminated through faeces. 

2. ABSORPTION BY MINERALS

PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL TREATMENT

is the enzymatic degradation of mycotoxins that leads to non-toxic metabolites. In this case, Chitinase is this hydrolytic enzyme capable of deactivating mycotoxins by degrading their molecules.

Chitinase is incorporated into yeast cells by our patented process and becomes active only at intestinal level when yeast cells are lyzed by the intestinal enzymes and cell content is released.

Chitinase is able to form non toxic de-epoxy metabolite by removing oxygen from the epoxide group of the trichothecene mycotoxin.

This action mimics the detoxifying process carried out by carboxylesterase (a microsomal enzyme from liver) that selectively hydrolyses the C-4 acetyl group of T-2 toxin.

3. BIOTRANSFORMATION

Molecule of T-2 and what happens to it after Biotransformation by Chitinase

3. BIOTRANSFORMATION

BIOTRANSFORMATIONOF T-2 TOXIN

This action mimics the detoxifying process carried out by carboxylesterase (a microsomal enzyme from liver) that selectively hydrolyses the C-4 acetyl group of T-2 toxin to yield HT-2 toxin

3. BIOTRANSFORMATION

Prior to their inclusion into CAPTEX-T2, Doxal’s Esterified Glucomannans are treated by another Chitinase, an enzyme which is able to reduce, dramatically, their chitin content.

Chitin content is supposed to increase the alkali insolubility of β-glucans and to decrease the cell wall flexibility, so that the toxin molecule has a restricted access to the complexing chemical sites.

Not all glucomannans are the same!

CAPTEX T2

Yeast SourcesYeast SourcesTotal Total

Glucans Glucans (%)(%)

(1.3)-(1.3)-glucans glucans

(%)(%)

(1.3)-(1.3)-glucans glucans

(%)(%)Chitin (%)Chitin (%)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1 13.2 7.2 6.0 9.0Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 14.4 7.4 7.0 9.2Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3 13.5 7.3 6.2 9.1Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4 13.9 7.6 6.3 10.0Doxal’s S.C. 2234 18.2 7.6 10.6 2.7

Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96

GLUCANS AND CHITIN CONTENTS OF VARIOUS SOURCES OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Toxins binding capacity of three feed additives in vitro

Each mycotoxin was solved at the level of 50 µg into 200 ml of methanol, and kept under gentle stirring throughout the test period, in a 250 ml volumetric flask.

100 mcg and 250 mcg aliquots of each Clay, Bentonite and CAPTEX-T2 were solved into the flasks, and kept under gentle stirring for 20 minutes; one flask of each mycotoxins was left as blank.

After 20 minutes, small aliquots were collected from each volumetric flask and then assayed by High Performance Liquid Chromathography.

CAPTEX T2 TRIALS

AFLATOXIN

CLAY AT 100 MCG 7.40 MCG

CLAY AT 250 MCG 2.40 MCG

BENTONITE AT 100 MCG

7.40 MCG

BENTONITE AT 250 MCG

1.00 MCG

CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG

4.05 MCG

CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG

0.00 MCG

BLANK 49.90 MCG

Toxins binding capacity of three feed additives in vitro

CAPTEX T2 TRIALS

ZEARALENONE

CLAY AT 100 MCG 42.60 MCG

CLAY AT 250 MCG 36.60 MCG

BENTONITE AT 100 MCG

27.70 MCG

BENTONITE AT 250 MCG

20.00 MCG

CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG

15.10 MCG

CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG

9.90 MCG

BLANK 49.70 MCG

Toxins binding capacity of three feed additives in vitro

CAPTEX T2 TRIALS

OCHRATOXIN

CLAY AT 100 MCG 6.90 MCG

CLAY AT 250 MCG 3.10 MCG

BENTONITE AT 100 MCG

7.00 MCG

BENTONITE AT 250 MCG

2.95 MCG

CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG

3.60 MCG

CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG

0.20 MCG

BLANK 50.10 MCG

Toxins binding capacity of three feed additives in vitro

CAPTEX T2 TRIALS

FUMONISIN

CLAY AT 100 MCG 47.48 MCG

CLAY AT 250 MCG 46.10 MCG

BENTONITE AT 100 MCG

44.90 MCG

BENTONITE AT 250 MCG

42.50 MCG

CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG

27.40 MCG

CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG

15.05 MCG

BLANK 49.30 MCG

Toxins binding capacity of three feed additives in vitro

CAPTEX T2 TRIALS

T-2 TOXINActivated carbon AT 100 MCG

45.63 MCG

Activated carbon AT 250 MCG

42.14 MCG

CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG 22.42 MCGCAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG 15.21 MCGBLANK 49.20 MCG

TOXINS BINDING CAPACITY OF CAPTEX ON T-2 TOXIN IN VITRO

CAPTEX T2 TRIALS

TRIAL IN VIVOPOULTRY FIELD - RESULTS

Feedconsumptio

n

Bodyweight

mortality

Plasmaticcalcium

g/day g % mM/L

group A 24,7 344 1,66 2,180 ± 0,16

group B 16,4 265,4 8,33 1,64 ± 0,66

group C 23,1 326,4 1,66 2,09 ± 0,22

CAPTEX T2 TRIALS

THANKS FOR THE KIND ATTENTION