Date post: | 16-May-2015 |
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Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-based molecules
Inorganic Molecule
Organic Molecule
Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds with other atoms!
Why is this important to you?
So as a scientifically literate person you can intelligently judge this…
Carbon Skeleton – long chain of carbon atoms to which other atoms can bind
Functional Group – part of the molecule that gives the molecule its function (determines how the molecule will interact)
Hydrocarbons – organic molecules composed of only carbon and hydrogen
Organic Molecules
Large organic molecules are called macromolecules
single unit - monomer
many monomers linked together make a polymer
4 Kinds of Organic Molecules
1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
-a chain of carbon atoms to which hydrogen and oxygen atoms are attached
Monosaccharides
-simplest kind of carbohydrate-consist of a single sugar molecule
Glucose (C6H12O6) – sugar molecule that is the main source of energy
Disaccharides
-two sugar molecules joined together by dehydration synthesis
Polysaccharide
-3 or more monosaccharides joined together-type of polymer
Biologically Important Polysaccharides
Starch –glucose polymer - energy storage in plants
Glycogen –glucose polymer - energy storage in animals
*Starch & Glycogen differ in their pattern of branching
Glycogen is much more branched
What happens when you eat food?
1. Break down polysaccharides (either starch or glycogen) to get glucose
2. Glucose is used by cells for energy.
3. If any glucose is left over, it will be made into glycogen and stored for later
4. Break down storage polysaccharides to get glucose when needed
Cellulose –glucose polymer -structural molecule found in plant cell walls
Chitin –glucose polymer -structural molecule in fungus cell walls and animal
exoskeletons
Animals can digest starch, but cannot digest cellulose
Certain bacteria can digest cellulose
Ex. of mutualistic relationships:cows & bacteriatermites & bacteria
alpha glucose polymer (starch)
beta glucose polymer (cellulose)