Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Hydrates of carbon Chemical composition of (CH2O)n Primary source of energy for our bodies Good source of fiber and vitamins Rich in phytonutrients Participate in many essential body functions Two types -simple and complex

Simple Carbohydrates

CarbohydratesFruits, milk, and vegetablesSimple sugars found in

refined sugar foodse.g. sweets, cakesMonosaccharides &

disaccharides

Complex Carbohydrates

Provide vitamins, minerals, and fiberFound in breads, pasta, and starchy vegetablesPolysaccharides

Testing for Carbohydrates

Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars

Iodine Test for Starch

Benedict's Test

Used to test for presence of reducing sugars all monosaccharides disaccharides: lactose and maltoseRequires use of Benedict's Reagent prepared from CuSO4, NaOH, tartaric acid

Benedict's Test

1.Dissolve food sample in water2.Add small amount of Benedict's Reagent3.Heat in water bath from 4 -10 minutes4.Positive test indicated by a brick red solution

Iodine Test

Used to test for starchRequires use of Iodine solutiondissolve iodine in potassium

iodide How to test1.Add Iodine solution directly to

food sample2.A dark blue-black colour

indicates presence of starch

Carbohydrate Digestion Break down carbohydrate into

glucose able to be absorbed and used

by body Starch -extensive breakdown Disaccharides -broken down

once Monosaccharides -need not be

broken down Occurs throughout digestive

system Begins in mouth chewing releases saliva starch broken down by

enzymes into polysaccharides and maltose

Digestion in the Stomach

No enzymes available for starch breakdown Acid does minor breakdown Fibers provide feeling of "fullness“

Digestion in the Small Intestine

Primary site of carbohydrate digestion Pancreatic enzyme reduces carbohydrates into glucose chains or disaccharides Specific enzymes are present to fully reduce disaccharides

Digestion in the Large Intestine

1 to 4 hours for sugars and starches to be fully digested Only fibers remain retain water to soften stool

Thank You!Presented by

Amit Jaglan