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CARBON ABATEMENT

TECHNOLOGYBY: ADIL DAUDANI

GUIDED BY: PRANAY RAUT SIR

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CARBON SOURCESElectricity/Heat sector

Transportation sector

Industrial sector Human sources

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CAPTURING CARBON

1) By carbon capture

and storage (CCS)

Post combustio

nPre

combustion

Oxy fuel combustio

n

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CAPTURING CARBON

2) By biomass co-firing

•Direct co-firing

• Indirect co-firing

•Parallel co-firing

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REDUCTION OF CO2

Bio-energy with CCS

Bio Char

Enhanced weathering

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SCRUBBING (FOR SEPARATION OF CO2)

Flue gases from

power station

Wet scrubber

Absorber

Scrubbing

solution

Amines added

Takes CO2 from flue

gases

Low CO2 scrubbed

with water

Transported

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METHOD FOR SEPARATION OF

CO2

1) Separation with sorbents

The captured CO2 is added with sorbent

such as solid zeolites which

separates CO2 from gas mixture.

In Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) the gas mixture flows through a packed bed of adsorbent at elevated pressure

until the concentration of the desired gas attains equilibrium.

The bed is regenerated by reducing the pressure.

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2)Separation with membranes

• Gas separation membranes allow one component in a gas stream to pass through faster than the others. There are many different types of gas separation membrane, including porous inorganic membranes, polymeric membranes and zeolites

• Membranes cannot usually achieve high degrees of separation, so multiple stages are necessary.

3) Separation by cryogenic distillation

• CO2 can be separated from other gases by cooling and condensation. Cryogenic separation is widely used commercially for streams that already have high CO2 concentrations (typically >90%)

• A major disadvantage of cryogenic separation of CO2 is large amount of energy is required to provide the refrigeration necessary for the process, particularly for dilute gas streams

• Cryogenic separation has the advantage that it enables direct production of liquid CO2, which is needed for certain transport options, such as transport by ship.

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Methods for separation of CO2 from other gases

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Liquefaction of CO2

Two important properties of gases

are important in developing

methods for their liquefaction:

critical temperature and critical pressure.

The critical temperature for

CO2 is 304k and no amount of

temperature applied to CO2 at or

above 304k will cause gas to

liquefy.

The corresponding critical pressure for CO2 304k is 72.9 atmosphere. That

means at the pressure of 72.9 atmospheres on CO2 at 304k will

cause gas to liquefy.

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Transportation CO2 pipelines are the most important means of bulk CO2 transport.The material used for designing pipelines is low alloy carbon steel.Bulk transport of CO2 by ship is also present but on relatively minor scale.Likewise transport by truck and rail is possible for small quantity of CO2.

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Carbon storage(sequestration)

It is putting CO2 into long

term storage in geological zones deep

underground.

Geological storage consists of:• Coal beds• Oil and gas reservoirs• Saline aquifer• Salt cavern.

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Economic benefits

One of the main

advantage of carbon

reduction technology is that we can

generate money from it. This technique

is called as carbon trading.

Carbon trading is an

administrative approach used

to control pollution by providing

reductions in emissions of

pollutants. It is also known as

emission trading.

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APPLICATIONS

Nearly one-third of global energy and one-quarter of worldwide carbon dioxide (CO2)

emissions are attributable to industrial activities that are not in the power generation sector.

If climate change is to be successfully tackled, these sectors will need to transform the way they use energy and significantly reduce their CO2 emissions.

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CONCLUSION• The CAT are applicable for existing and

new power plants and technologies have been demonstrated.

• Biomass co-firing is the most efficient means of power generation from biomass. It has been demonstrated in more than150 installations worldwide, for most combinations of fuel and boiler type.

• The major costs associated with CCS results from equipment investment, loss of production due to the CCS energy penalty, and transportation and storage of CO2.

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REFERENCES

• Baxter L., Rumminger M., Lind T., Tillman D. and Hughes E. (2000). Co-firing Biomass in Coal Boilers. Pilot and Utility-scale Experiences. 8, 277-86.

• Koppejan J. and VanLoo S. (2002). Handbook of Biomass Combustion and Cofiring. IEA Bioenergy Task. 5, 125-31.

• Bradshaw J and Dance T. (2004). Mapping Geological Storage Prospectivity of CO2 for the World’s Sedimentary Basins. Regional Source to Sink Matching. 18, 769-780.

• Koljonen T. (2012). Low carbon Finland 2050. VTT clean energy technology strategies for society. 23, 718-734.

• Tsupari E., Kärki J. and Arasto A. (2011). Feasibility of BIO-CCS in CHP production. A case study of biomass cofiring plant in Finland. 90, 145-155.

• Kärki J., Tsupari, E. and Arasto A. (2013). CCS feasibility in improvement in industrial and municipal applications by heat utilization. Energy Procedia. 37, 2611–2621.

• Anderson S and Newell R. (2004).Prospects for Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies. Annual Review of the Environment and Resources. 29, 109–142.

• Hoffert M. (2002).Advanced Technology Paths to Global Climate Stability. Energy for a Greenhouse Planet. 298, 981–987.

• Chu D and Steven S. (2009).Carbon Capture and Sequestration. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 325, 1599-1603.

• Anderson J., Soren T. and Richard N. (2007). Prospects for Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 29,109-142.

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THANK YOU