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Green is nice, but can it make me money?Carbon Accounting
NCS Swinburne – Offering you courses in Carbon Accounting and Carbon Management
VISIT www.swinburne.edu.au/ncs
> Short Course in Carbon Accounting (face to face or online)
> Short Course in Carbon Farming and Trading
> Diploma of Carbon Management (face to face or online)
Global Warming Potential
> Different greenhouse gases have different heat retaining or insulating ‘strengths’
> This ‘strength’ is commonly known as the global warming potential (GWP) of a greenhouse gas.
GWP
Carbon dioxide equivalents
> Greenhouse gases are measured in carbon dioxide equivalents
CO2-e> Carbon dioxide equivalent is “a measure used to compare the
emissions from various greenhouse gases based upon their global warming potential”. (OECD)
CO2-e = mass of gas (kg or t) x GWP
GWPs of the six Kyoto gases
The 6 Kyoto GHGs ChemicalFormula
Global Warming Potential*
Uses/Major Sources
Carbon dioxide CO2 1 Fossil fuel combustion,Land use change, Cement
Methane CH4 21Natural gas
Enteric fermentationAnaerobic decomposition
Nitrous oxide N2O 310 Fertilisers, Combustion
Perfluorocarbons C3F8 7,000 Electronics, Cathodes for aluminium manufacture
Hydrofluorocarbons CHF3 (HFC-23) 11,700 Refrigerant
Sulphur hexafluoride SF6 23,900 High voltage switchgear, Manufacture of magnesium
* For 100 year time horizon. * the typical uncertainty value is +/-35% Source: DCC NGA Factors November 2008
Accounting methodologies – GHG Protocol
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol - A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard
> a standard> defines boundaries> defines scopes> reporting and much more . . .> from: WRI/WBCSD> www.ghgprotocol.org/standards/corporate-
standard
Operational boundaries - Scopes
Defines which emissions sources are included or excluded and their categorisation.
Source: GHG Protocol
Emissions Factors
• Emissions factors are quantities of GHGs produced per unit of emitting activity.
• The analysis is usually done by or for a government department.
• They are reviewed from time to time (annually)
Emissions factors
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factors commonly used examples*
Natural Gas: 51.33 kg CO2-e / GJ
Electricity (Vic): 1.22 kg CO2-e / kWh
Food waste: 0.9 kg CO2-e / kg
Petrol: 2,288 kg CO2-e / kL
* from NGAF June 2009 Note that these change regularly and the latest NGA Factors workbook should be consulted
Where are emissions factors found?
Australian Government - National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors
The source for almost all of your emissions factors!
http://www.climatechange.gov.au
Calculating emissions
To calculate the emissions due to a given activity, we must know:
1. The amount of the activity taking place.
2. The emissions factor associated with that activity.
The calculation is then:
activity x emissions factor = emissions (CO2-e)
WANT TO KNOW MORE?NCS Swinburne – Courses in Carbon
VISIT www.swinburne.edu.au/ncs
> Short Course in Carbon Accounting (face to face or online)
> Short Course in Carbon Farming and Trading
> Diploma of Carbon Management (face to face or online)