Carbon Compounds

6.3Pages 157-163

Carbon CompoundsWhat does it mean to be organic?

Organic compounds- compounds containing CARBON

Carbon >contains 4 valence e-

> can form 4 covalent bonds with itself or

other elements

Large carbon compounds (analogy= necklace)

• Monomers are simple carbon molecules. Ex. Link in necklace

• Polymers are molecules made of many monomers. (monomer + monomer = polymer) Ex. Whole necklace

• Macromolecules are made of many polymers (polymer + polymer = macromolecule) Ex. Multi chain necklace

How do Monomers link to form Polymers???

…through condensation reactions (called dehydration synthesis)

Dehydration synthesis- chemical reaction in which one monomer donates a hydroxyl (OH-) and the other monomer donates a hydrogen (H) forming water (H2O)

http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/DehSyn1.gif&imgrefurl=http:/bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol115/Wyatt/Biochem/macromolecules.htm&h=275&w=395&sz=9&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=Xs9UOqJY_H1X0M:&tbnh=86&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddehydration%2Bsynthesis%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

Hydrolysis – reverse process of dehydrations synthesis or a condensation reaction. (Breakdown of complex mol.)

Complete this Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

+

Answer:(you draw the new molecule & give name)

Do Now

• What is the element found in all organic compounds?– Carbon

• What is the process called that links two monomers together to form a polymer?– Dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction

• What is removed during the above process?– Water

Organic Compounds

There are 4 main classes of organic compounds which are essential to the life processes of all living things.

CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids

I. Carbohydrates

Elements: C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio (double hydrogen)

Main fuel provider and energy source of living things, used for structures in cells

Exists in 2 forms: (ring formation common)Monosaccharides –monomer of

carbs like sugarsPolysaccharides- polymer of carbs

Polysaccharides Polymer made of 3 or more

monosaccharides

Ex. 1. Glycogen (animal starch)

Excess sugar (glycogen) is released from liver when your blood sugar runs low

2. Cellulose (in plants)

Tough, flexible (found in cell wall) gives plants rigidity & strength.

II. Proteins

Elements: C, H, O, N For building bones and muscles, as well

as cell membranes and enzymes Monomer = Amino Acids (20 kinds) Foods- Fish, poultry, soy, beans

Proteins Proteins are made of monomers of amino

acids Dipeptides – 2 Amino Acids Polypeptides- chain of Amino Acids Enzymes = polypeptides

III. Lipids Elements: C, H (in high ratio) & O NOT water soluble (do NOT dissolve in

water) Monomer = 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids Used to store energy. Important part in

biological membranes and waterproof covering

Ex. Fats, oils, waxes– Fatty acids– Complex Lipids

Fatty Acids1. Fatty acids – unbranched fatty

acid chain makes up most lipids

a) Saturated fatty acids have each C always bonded to four other atoms. Max # of Hydrogen atoms

b) Unsaturated fatty acids have double/triple bonds between carbons.

IV. Nucleic Acids Monomer = Nucleotide

made of 3 components

1. phosphate group

2. 5-carbon sugar

3. Nitrogen base Store important information for

the cell Ex. DNA cellular information

RNA stores/transfers information to make proteins