CARBON FOOTPRINTING AND DESIGN OF SOLAR POWER PLANT FOR THE

ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING OF PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

Mini-project Thesis Report

ByANKIT KUMAR SINGH

Roll No. 14307017Under the guidance of

Dr. R. Arun Prasath

OUTLINE

INTRODUCTIONMETHODOLOGY CARBON FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS GRID CONNECTED PV SYSTEM DESIGN

1. PLAN I2. PLAN II

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Approach towards carbon emission.

Major sources of carbon emissions.

Pondicherry Central University

Approach towards green development

Courses such as:

o Green energy technology

o Pollution control

Usage of solar street lights

Solar water heaters

Provision of cycles for the students

Solar stand-alone system on GET building

In accordance with Electrical Wing of Pondicherry University.

Undertaking of a proposal on Carbon footprint Analysis and grid connected solar rooftop PV system of the Administrative Building of Pondicherry University.

METHODOLOGY• SITE DETAILS: The Administrative Building of Pondicherry University .

The latitude and longitude of the Admin Building is: 12.02 N and 79.85 E.

• SURVEY:

Manual survey of the site performed with the help of electrical wing.

• Inventory load distribution

72800

497360

15000

4340001468320

3450010800

ENERGY (WH)

FansLightsXerox and PrintersComputersAC PLANT LOAD(133tonne*1.38KW/tonne)Passenger liftWater coolers

SURVEY :

The total energy consumption of the administrative building for a day is 2.08MWh and 644.8MWh yearly.

• CARBON FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS:According to CEA(Central Electricity Authority),

the per MWh energy produced in Tamil Nadu generates 0.87tonnes of CO₂.

Thus the yearly carbon emission of the site is 561tonnes

• PV POWER PLANTSurvey of the rooftop area for the site done.Total area available was= 1147m². • SHADOW ANALYSIS:to determine the shadow free area for laying

down the panels.for worst case scenario i.e. DEC 21.

Formula used:

Considering for horizontal surfaces,β=0. so, the equation gets reduced to

ϴ=56.54 for both 9 am and 3pm.The structure being 4.8m, the shadow subtended by it

was it was 7.4m.This reduces the available area for our purpose to 825m².• Array spacing:For 80Wp panel:o Length=1.205 m, Inclination=12°o Therefore, H= 1.205cos12° = 0.26m

Length of shadow=1.205tan 56.54=0.4m.o Considering maintenance purpose, we took

the spacing to be 0.6m.STRUCTURE HEIGHT(m) SHADOW

SUBSTENDED(m)

STAIR CASE 1 4.87 7.38

LIFT ROOM 1 4.87 7.38

LIFT ROOM 2 4.87 7.38

STAIR CASE 2 4.87 7.38

PLAN I

• LAYOUT:50KW Power plant consists of 622 panels of

80Wp each and a total area of 397m².

Block A: Covers an area of 272.18m² and consists a total of 203 panels.

Block B: Covers an area of 371.1m² and consists of 286 panels.

Block C: Covers an area of 181.6m² and consists of 133 panels.

• Inverter:It is considered as the heart of the system.Converts DC to AC.Output connected to the grid. According to the inverter specification:o For our system of 50KW, we require 3*15KW

inverter and a 1*8KW inverter.

• Estimation of annual yieldThe estimation of yield requires various

parameters such as:o Average daytime temperatureo Nominal operating cell temperature(NOCT).o Annual degradation and other losses.

• LOSSES CONSIDERED Column1 Column2 Column3NOCT 48 degree celsiustemeperature coefficient for Pmax 0.0045 per degree celsiusAnnual Degradation 1.00% per year for 1st 10 yearsAnnual Degradation 0.67% per year for 11-25 years

other losses loss multiplying factor pv losses due to irradiacne level 3% 0.97soiling loss 5.00% 0.95manufacturer tolerance 5.00% 0.95inverter loss during operation 5.00% 0.95loss in dc cable 2.00% 0.98loss in the transformer 0.00% 1loss in ac transmission 0.00% 1

Loss in the generation capacity of the power plant every 5 year.

Percentage loss at the end of 25th year is 17.5%

year 1 year 5 year 6 year 10 year 15 year 20 year 250

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Annual energy yield(MWh)

Annual energy yield(MWh)

o The cell temperature was calculated by the formula :

Tcell = T air+((NOCT-20)/800)*S Where, we considered (S=800 W/m2)

• ARRAY SIZING:Done according to the inverter specification.Voltage increases in series whereas current

increases in parallel.According to the inverter ratings we design

our array.

SUBSYSTEMS

ARRAY SUBSYSTEMS NO.OF PANELS INVERTER SIZE(KW)

SUBSYSTEM 1 174 15

SUBSYSTEM 2 174 15

SUBSYSTEM 3 174 15

SUBSYSTEM 4 100 8

TOTAL 622 53

• ELECTRICAL LAYOUTS

ELECTRICAL ACCESSORIES AND ENERGY METER:

Cables will conform to regional standard and shall be of650 V/ 1.1 kV grade.

Interconnections, array to junction boxes, junction boxes to DCDB, DCDB to PCU etc. will be selected to keep voltage drop and losses to the minimum.

Net metering device used.

• INSTALLATION:MOUNTING STRUCTURESo Mounting should be done by galvanized MS

frames, GI angles and PCC on the roof. o The height of the mounting should be 1m to

overcome the other small structures on the roof.

• Cost estimation:• An estimate of 70 lakhs with following cost distribution.

54.47

1.08939999999999

4.35759999999999

4.357599999999994.357599999999990.544700000000001

COST DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEM HARDWARE

TRANSPORT AND INSURANCE

CIVIL AND ELEC. WORK

INSTALLATION AND COMM.

ANNUAL MAINTAINANCE FOR 5 YEARS

CONTINGENCIES

• Payback period:Current solar tariff is Rs.5.05/unit.

According to the generation per year, the payback period of this system will be 17 years.

PLAN II

• Layout:• 10KW system, consisting of 122 panels of

which 88*80Wp panels and 34*74Wp panels.

• Module specification:• Standard 80Wp &74Wp panels by Tata bp

solar.• Estimation of annual yieldSame method of loss calculation was

employed.14%loss from the 5th year till 25th year.

The total energy yield from 5th year to 25th year is 227.58MWh.

year 1 year 5 year 6 year 10 year 15 year 20 year 250

2

4

6

8

10

12

14Annual energy yield(MWh)

Annual energy yield(MWh)

• Inverter: According to the specifications, we require only one system of

12KW.

• Array sizing A set of 5 parallel strings with 25 panels each was designed to fit the requirements.

Cost estimation: total cost will be 8.5lakhs with the following distribution.

6.67

0.134

0.534

0.5340.534 0.067

COST DISTRIBUTION

CONTINGENCIESSYSTEM HARDWARETRANSPORT AND INSURANCECIVIL AND ELEC. WORKINSTALLATION AND COMM.ANNUAL MAINTENANCE FOR 5 YEARSCONTINGENCIESCONTINGENCIES

Payback period: According to the current solar tariff which is

Rs.5.05 per unit generated by the solar photovoltaic system, the payback period will be around 15 years.

Conclusion

The total power consumption of 644.8 MWh per year. carbon footprint generation of 561tonnes annually. PLAN I, the total active area available is 825m²,622 panels

covering an area of 397.25m² generate a total of 63.37MWh yearly.

saving 50tonne of CO₂ every year. Total cost of this plan is approximately Rs.69.2 Lakhs. payback period of this system will be 17 years

PLAN II, 122 panels with 88 panels of 80Wp and 34 panels of 74Wp

generation per year by this system is 12.25MWh saving 10tonne of CO₂ yearly cost reduces to some extent costing a total of Rs.8.48 Lakhs

approximately The payback period of this system will be 15 years

THANK YOU!