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DEVELOPING COUNTRY - SPECIFIC EMISSION FACTORS
FOR LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN COLOMBIA
EDGAR ALBERTO CÁRDENAS ROCHA
Associate Professor
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic Na8onal University of Colombia
Bogotá
Workshop: “Reducing the costs of GHG es7mates in agriculture to inform low emissions development” 10 -‐ 12 November 2014 -‐ Rome, Italy
hAp://www.cambioclima8co.yucatan.gob.mx/
CLIMATE
Tropical rainforest Tropical savanna
Deser8c Steppe Summer rains
Mediterranean Low rainfall Cold snowy forest
High mountain
Perpetual snow Tundra
hAp://www.news.wisc.edu/11907, Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment at the University of Wisconsin-‐Madison 2005
PASTURES DISTRIBUTION IN THE WORLD
Pastures
CATTLE SYSTEMS IN COLOMBIA
Prod. Syst. 24.5 mill. of head Al8tude Temp
Soil Fer8lity
(%) (masl) °C
Beef 30 0 – 1.000 >24 L – M -‐ H
Dual purpose 62 1.000 – 2.000 18 -‐ 24 Low
Dairy 8 2.000 – 3.000 4 -‐ 16 Medium
world 9th posi8on in caAle inventory
STRATEGIC AREAS FOR BEEF AND DAIRY CATTLE PRODUCTION IN COLOMBIA
ANDEAN REGION (Dual purpose) 250 – 400 g/h/d
< 800 l/y
hAp://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/la8n-‐america-‐greenhouse-‐gas-‐emiAers-‐by-‐sector_173c
COLOMBIAN AGRICULTURE GHG EMISSIONS
SOURCE CH4 N2O CO2 eq. Propor:on
(Gg) (%)
Enteric fermenta8on 1.585 -‐ 33.292 51
Manure management 48 0,8 1.252 2
Rice crops 65 -‐ 1.372 2
Crops soils -‐ 94(17%) 29.137 45
Savanna burning 3 0 2 0,09
Burning of crops residues 3 0,008 92 0,14
Total 1.704 95 65.206 100
IDEAM 2008
hAp://www.contextoganadero.com/internacional/
PRODUCT Year
CO2 eq/kg
2012
Beef, ton/y 972.866 ¿?
Milk, mill. kg/y 7.200 ¿?
BEEF AND MILK PRODUCTION IN COLOMBIA
FONTAGRO PROYECT COUNTRIES
The Research Consor8um
“Climate Change and Beef CaAle Produc8on: Quan8fica8on and Mi8ga8on of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Grazing Beef CaAle”
CLIMATE CHANGE AND BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES
(2011 – 2014)
INIA Chile
INTA Argen8na
UNAL Colombia
FONTAGRO 2010 Regional Fund for Agriculture
MAF-‐ NZ Global Research Alliance
70%
30%
IDIAF Dominican Rep. INIA Uruguay
contribute to the mi8ga8on of climate change caused by GHG emissions (CH4 and N2O) from the livestock sector
Long Term
reduce the uncertainty in the development of na8onal GHG’s (CH4 and N2O) inventories of the countries within the consor8um and to develop mi8ga8on op8ons adapted to the farming condi8ons of each country
General Research
OBJETIVES
CLIMATE CHANGE AND BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES
However!... Ø U8liza8on of Default Emission Factors
Important uncertain:es around es:mated emissions
Therefore... -‐ there is an urgent need among the countries of South and Central America to elucidate country specific EFs (CH4 and N2O); and -‐ to develop mi8ga8on techniques to reduce GHG emissions from the agricultural sectors
CLIMATE CHANGE AND BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES
VARIATION ON FORAGE QUALITY BY REGION (DIGETIBILITY, INTAKE)
Medium diges:bility Panicum maximum
Dichanthium annulatum Echinochloa polystachya Bothriochloa pertusa
Low diges:bility Brachiaria humidicola Brachiaria decumbens Axonopus purpusii
Higher diges:bility Lolium spp.
Pennisetum clandes7num Higher diges:bility Cynodon nlemfuensis Digitaria decumbens
Dichanthium aristatum
Low diges:bility Melinis minu7flora Paspalum notatum Homolepis aturensis
EQUATION 10.21
CH4 EMISSION FACTORS FOR ENTERIC FERMENTATION FROM A LIVESTOCK
CATEGORY
EF= emission factor, kg CH4/head/yr GE= gross energy intake, MJ/head/day Ym= methane conversión factor, per cent of gross energy in feed converted to methane The factor 55.65 (MJ/kg CH4) is the energy content of methane
55.65 EF=
GE * *365 Ym
100
EMISSION FACTOR
GE = gross energy, MJ/day NEm = net energy for maintenance, MJ/d NEa = net energy for ac8vity, MJ/d NEl = net energy for lacta8on, MJ/d NEw = net energy for work, MJ/d NEp = net energy for pregnancy, MJ/d REM = ra8o of net energy available in a diet for maintenance to diges8ble energy consumed NEg = net energy for growth, MJ/d NEw = net energy for wool, MJ/d REG = ra8o of net energy avail. for growth in a diet to diges8ble energy consumed DE% = diges8ble energy expressed as a percentage of GE
EQUATION 10.16
GROSS ENERGY FOR CATTLE/BUFFALO AND SHEEP
GE=
NEm+ NEl + NEa + NEw + NEp REM
+ NEg + NEwool
REG
DE % 100
METHANE Is necessary to measure diges8bility, intake, milk produc8on or liveweigth gains. Only methane data is not enough to es8mate specific EF.
-‐ Measure enteric methane with SF6 tracer is expensive, but is possible to reduce cost collec8ng samples each 10 days from caAle (Gere – Argen8na-‐NZ).
-‐ Other method to reduce costs is to es8mate CH4 emissions from CH4/CO2 ra8o or voluntary intake under grazing, they are a good indicators to predict methane emissions.
NITROUS OXIDE
-‐ Reduce frecuency of sampling through trial.
¿HOW TO REDUCE COSTS TO MEASURE GHG USING SF6 AND CLOSE STATIC CHAMBERS TECHNIQUES?
CONSIDERATIONS
-‐ Colombia needs to es8mate at least 4 EF due to its different ecosystems characterized by differences in the quality of their forages and caAle systems.
-‐ We can use modifica8ons in SF6 and Close Sta8c Chambers to measure to lower costs GHG
THANKS !!!
