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Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular diseases account for almost one in every two deaths.
Risk factors for non-communicable diseases
– Controllable: Diet, body weight, daily physical activity, sun exposure, smoking, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse, relaxation,
– Uncontrollable: Age, gender, Ethnicity, Heredity
…
Coronary Heart Disease
Heart Attacks
A heart attack is when a coronary artery becomes closed and part of the heart muscle starts to die
Heart attacks are the #1 killer in U.S. It can strike anyone, anywhere, anytime
Symptoms of a heart attack
Uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the center of the chest lasting for two minutes or more
Pain spreading to the shoulders, neck, jaw, arms or back
Dizziness, fainting, sweating, nausea and or shortness of breath
Congestive Heart Failure
–When the hearts ability to pump blood is reduced, swelling may occur causing congestive heart failure
Angina Pectoris – chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen
Arrhythmias- irregular heartbeats (ventricular fibrillation, causes the cardiac arrest)
Stroke
When blood flow to part of the brain is blocked and stops working for a period of time
Strokes are 3rd leading cause of death in U.S.
Warning signs of a Stroke
Sudden, temporary weakness of numbness of the face, arm or leg
Temporary loss of speech, or trouble in speaking or understanding people
Temporary dimness or loss of vision, particularly in one eye
Unexplained dizziness, unsteadiness
High Blood Pressure
• High blood pressure also known as hypertension comes from an unknown origin which leads to heart failure
• Hypertension can also be identified as the silent killer
• Normal blood pressure reading should be 120/80
Congenital heart disease is a defect present at birth
• Heart Murmurs are sounds produced by the circulation of blood through the valves and chambers of the heart which may or may not mean a disease is present
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis can cause a heart attack due to hardening of the arteries
Varicose veins develop when veins become twisted, enlarged or have been weakened… the veins are near the surface of the skin
Ways to reduce chance of heart disease
Exercise Eat right Reduce the amount of fatty red meat Don’t smoke Learn to take time for self and relax Maintain a healthy weight
Diabetes A disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life.
Pancreas
Type 1- The body does not produce any insulin, most often occurring in children and young adults. Type 1 diabetics must take daily insulin injections to stay alive.
Type 2- The body is not able to produce enough, or properly use insulin. Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90-95% of all diabetic cases.
Forms of Diabetes
Gestational- Develops during pregnancy. Will usually disappear after pregnancy is over. These women have a good chance of later contracting Type 2 diabetes.
Forms of Diabetes
Siblings of people with Type 1
Children of parents with Type 1
Who is at Greater Risk for Type 1 Diabetes?
People over age of 45People with a family history of
diabetesPeople overweightPeople who do not exercise regularlyWomen who had Gestational Diabetes
Who is at Greater Risk for Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 1:Frequent urinationUnusual thirstExtreme hungerUnusual weight lossExtreme FatigueIrritability
Warning Signs of Diabetes
Type 2: Any of the Type 1 symptoms Frequent infections Blurred vision Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal Tingling/numbness in the hands or feet Recurring skin, gum or bladder infection
Warning Signs of Diabetes