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Cardiovascular System Key Terms
7th Grade Science
Cardiovascular System
• The body system that consists of the heart blood vessels and blood that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells
Heart
• A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Atrium
• Each of the two upper chambers of the heart that receives blood entering the heart
Ventricle
• A lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out to the lungs and body
Valve
• A flap of tissue in the heart or a vein that prevents blood from flowing backwards
Pacemaker
• A group of cells located in the right atrium that send out signals that make the heart muscle contract and that regulates heart rate
Artery
• A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Capillary
• A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells
Vein
• A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
Aorta
• The largest artery in the body
Coronary artery
• An artery that supplies blood to the heart
Blood pressure
• The pressure the is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
Diffusion
• The process by which molecules move from an area in which they are more concentrated to an area in which they are less concentrated
Plasma
• The liquid part of the blood
Red blood cells
• A cell in the blood that takes up oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to cells elsewhere in the body
Hemoglobin
• An iron containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molecules and makes up most of a red blood cells
White blood cell
• A blood cell that fights disease
Platelet
• A cell fragment that plays an important part in forming clouts
Arteriosclerosis
• A condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of a build up of fatty materials
Heart attack
• A condition in which blood flows to a part of the heart; the heart muscle is blocked which causes heart cells to die
Hypertension
• A disorder in which a person’s blood pressure is constantly higher than normal