Case 21 Semester Exam study guide (Part C: 3rd 9 weeks)
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OBJ. E.8.9A.1-5 Plate Tectonics
E.8.9A.1 Investigate and explain how the flow of Earth’s internal energy drives the cycling of matter through
convection currents between Earth’s surface and the deep interior causing plate movements.
1.Identify the layers of Earth in order and briefly describe each
2. Match the Description to the correct column
Lithosphere Asthenosphere
A, C, F, G
B, D, E, F
A. Rocky & brittle part of Earth made up of the crust and the upper most top part of the mantle
B. It is like a conveyor belt for the plates due to convection currents
C. Earth’s “plates” are made from this layer
D. Plastic & flowing layer.
E. This is the layer that the plates float on.
F. Located in the upper mantle
G. Rigid
3. Use the following terms to label the differences between ocean & continental crust in the circles below:,
4. Use the following terms to complete the diagram: more, less, cools off, heats up, condense, spread out.
Becomes
MORE dense
Molecules rise and
SPREAD OUT
Becomes MORE
dense
Molecules
CONDENSE
and sink
Ocean Crust
THINNER YOUNGER
MORE DENSE
SINKS AT SUBDUCTION ZONES
vs.
Continental Crust
thicker
older
less dense,
rises at subductions zones
Continental Crust
Ocean Crust
Crust: rocky outer layer
Mantle: thick, convection currents
Inner core: liquid
Outer core: heart source
COOLS OFF
HEATS UP
Case 21 Semester Exam study guide (Part C: 3rd 9 weeks)
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SAMPLE ITEMS E.8.9A.1
1. Which layer from the diagram above contains convection currents that cause lithospheric plates to move? (DOK1;
E.8.9A.1)
A. Inner Core
B. Outer Core
C. Mantle
D. Upper Mantle
2. Which letter in the diagram below represents the point in the Earth’s crust that would move apart as a result of the
matter being cycled. (DOK2; E.8.9A.1)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
3. Which of the following best explains the motion represented by the arrows?
A. Rock is heated near the core at Point A, and therefore becomes less dense. It rises towards Point B.
As it moves from Point B to Point C, it is cooled and becomes denser, so it sinks at Point D.
B. Rock is cooled near the core at Point A, and therefore becomes more dense. It rises towards Point B.
As it moves from Point B to Point C, it is heated and becomes less dense, so it sinks at Point D.
C. Rock is heated near the core at Point A, and therefore becomes more dense. It rises towards Point B.
As it moves from Point B to Point C, it is cooled and becomes less dense, so it sinks at Point D.
D. Rock is heated near the core at Point A, and pressure forces it to rise towards Point B.
As it moves from Point B to Point C, gravity forces it to sink back down to Point D.
E.8.9A.2 Explore and debate theories of plate tectonics to form conclusions about past and current movements of
rocks at Earth’s surface throughout history.
1. Define Continental Drift. A theory that states that the continents were once connected together in a giant land
mass called Pangea, broke apart, and drifted to their current location
2. Whose idea was Continental Drift? Wegener Was it accepted or rejected by fellow scientists, and why? No
mechanism/no proof of a force that caused it to happened
3. List 4 evidences of Continental Drift. Mt. Ranges * similar rock layers, Climate *glacier grooves & coal deposits,
geographic features *puzzle-like fit, fossil records on corresponding continental shore-lines
4. Who proposed the idea of that the sea floor is getting wider? What technology did he use? Harry Hess, sonar
Case 21 Semester Exam study guide (Part C: 3rd 9 weeks)
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5. Describe sea-floor spreading and give 2 evidences that support it. The process by which convection currents pull
the ocean floor apart allowing for new ocean crust to form. Evidence: Magnetic striping & age of crust on either
side of ridge
6. When Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of Continental Drift, most scientists of the day did not believe his
theory and often debated the evidence that Wegener used to support his conclusion. Which of the following
images would have provided evidence that Wegener was missing to support his claim of the Continental Drift
Theory? (DOK2; E.8.9A.2)
7. Which of the following statements provide evidence to support the Continetal Drift theory proposed by Alfred
Wegener? (DOK3; E.8.9A.2)
Select all that apply
A. Hot Spots found in the middle of the oceans forming volcanic moutain ranges
B. Fossils of the same animals were found on many different continents, now separated by oceans
C. Shapes of the Continents appeared to ‘fit’ together in a puzzle-like form
D. Measurements of distances between continents shows that the distance is increasing slowly each year
E. Alternating magnetic stripes in the rock of the ocean floor
E.8.9A.3 Map land and water patterns from various time periods and use rocks and fossils to report
evidence of how Earth’s plates have moved great distances, collided, and spread apart.
1. Use the diagram to explain why the Atlantic Ocean is getting wider, according to seafloor spreading.
As seafloor spreading occurs due to convection currents
The continents will be pushed further away making the ocean
Wider a little at a time
2. What type of fossil provides evidence that supports that India and Antarctica may have been connected
at one time in a larger land mass? (DOK2; E.8.9A.3)
A. Lystrosaurus
B. Cynognathus
C. Mesosaurus
D. Glossopteris
B A
C D
Case 21 Semester Exam study guide (Part C: 3rd 9 weeks)
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3. Geologists have studied and researched rocks and fossils in earth’s crust in order to find evidence to support the
movement of Earth’s continents. Which of the following discoveries by a geologist would provide evidence to
support the diagram above? (DOK3; E.8.9A.3)
A. Rock layers found in Northern Asia that are over 200 million years old have similar compositions to the rock
layers on the southern coast of Africa that are the same age
B. Rock layers found on the east coast of South America that are over 100 million years old have similar
compositions to the rock layers on the west coast of Africa that are the same age.
C. Rock layers found on the west coast of South America that are over 150 million years old have similar
compositions to the rock layers on the east coast of Africa that are the same age.
D. Rock layers in Europe are not similar to any of the rock layers in North America.
E.8.9A.4 Research and assess the credibility of scientific ideas to debate and discuss how Earth’s constructive and
destructive processes have changed Earth’s surface at varying time and spatial scales.
1. Earth’s volcanoes and earthquakes happen at most plate boundaries especially convergent boundaries. Example:
Ring of Fire Pacific plate vs. various other plates
2. What is the difference between a hot spot volcano and a volcanic mountain range?
Hot spot is stationary & not at a boundary like Hawaii, volcanic mts. are at plate boundaries
3. What is the driving force of plate movements? Convection Currents
4. Geologist that study the processes that have changed Earth’s surface over time developed the diagrams above as
models to explain the formation of the Himalayan Mountains. Which statement below provides credible evidence to
support how the diagrams represent the formation of the Himalayas? (DOK2; E.8.9A.4)
A. When two continental plates push together, both plates buckle and break in a destructive process that forms
new mountain ranges from the crust.
B. When two continental plates push together, the crust buckles and breaks to forms mountain ranges in a
constructive process.
C. When one ocean plate and one continental plates push together, the crust buckles and breaks to forms
mountain ranges in a constructive process.
D. When continental plates push together, both plates buckle and break in a destructive process that forms new
volcanic mountain ranges from the ocean crust.
Case 21 Semester Exam study guide (Part C: 3rd 9 weeks)
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E.8.9A.5 Use models that demonstrate convergent and divergent plate movements that are responsible for
most landforms and the distribution of most rocks and minerals within Earth’s crust.
1. Convergent boundaries are A processes, while divergent boundaries are (C) processes.
A. Destructive B. Constructive C. gravitational
2. Complete the table. Use your notes or foldable to help you.
Convergent Boundaries COME together.
Type Landforms/Events Created Picture
Continental & continental crust • Continental mountain range
• Possible earthquakes
Ocean & continental crust SUBDUCTION ZONE
DEEP OCEAN TRENCH
EARTHQUAKES
CONTINENTAL VOLCANIC MT. RANGE
Ocean & ocean crust SUBDUCTION ZONE
DEEP OCEAN TRENCH
EARTHQUAKES
OCEAN VOLCANIC MT. RANGE
* ISLAND ARCH
Divergent boundaries MOVE APART.
Types Landforms/Events Created Picture
2 ocean crust plates MID OCEAN RIDGES
EARTHQUAKES
UNDERWATER VOLCANIC MT. RANGE
2 continental crust plates RIFT VALLEY
EARTHQUAKES
3. According to the information in the diagram above, what type of landform would be expected to be
found at position X on the map between the Nazca ocean crust and the South American continental
crust? (DOK2; E.8.9A.5) A. Rift Valleys
B. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. Continental Mountain Range
D. Continental Volcanic Mountain Range
X
Case 21 Semester Exam study guide (Part C: 3rd 9 weeks)
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OBJ. E.8.9A.6-7 Formation Of Soil & Ground Water
E.8.9A.6 Design and conduct investigations to evaluate the chemical and physical processes involved in
the formation of soils.
FILL IN THE BLANKS: In PHYSICAL weathering rocks are broken down into smaller pieces without
changing them, and in CHEMICAL weathering rocks are broken down and changed into different substances.
A. Chemical Weathering B. Physical Weathering
2, 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 7
Identify which column the student should place each process into the data chart below.
1. Burrowing animals break apart rocks as they dig
2. Acid rain wears away the words on a tombstone
3. A rock changes from brown to red.
4. Plant roots force their way into a crack in the sidewalk and cause it to split even wider.
5. A rock slowly dissolves in water and breaks into different separate elements.
6. Water wears away rocks into smaller pieces at a shore due to waves crashing
7. Water freezing in cracks of rocks & expanding to break the rocks apart
8. Label each of the following types of weathering that leads to soil formation. Identify what type of
weathering: chemical or mechanical. A- ICE WEDGING (MECHANICAL), B – ANIMAL
BURROWING (MECHANICAL), WIND ABRASION (MECHANICAL)
Match the description to the horizon layers of soil.
▪ Y (B HORIZON) subsoil made mostly of clay and mineral deposits
▪ X (A HORIZON) top soil made of mineral and rock particles mixed with humus
▪ Z (C HORIZON) slightly broken up or weathered rock known as parent material.
▪ W (O HORIZON) organic partially decayed matter
A Horizon
B Horizon
C Horizon
O Horizon
Case 21 Semester Exam study guide (Part C: 3rd 9 weeks)
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E.8.9A.7 Explain the interconnected relationship between surface water and groundwater.
1. Identify what the letters in the diagram represent in the hydrologic (water) cycle
2. Identify the parts of the water table
A. Water table = 4
B. Impermeable rock layer = 2
C. Confined aquifer = 5
D. Unconfined aquifer =
E. Artesian well = 9
F. Permeable Soil = 3
G. Aquifer = 1
3. Which of the two samples would the scientist claim to have the greater permeability? Explain why. Soil
B, larger particles allow more space between the soil to hold water & allow water to flow through
4. What role does soil play in the water cycle? Filters & cleans water through the leeching process to make
usable groundwater
OBJ. E.8.9B.1-3 Natural Hazards
E.8.9B.1 Research and map various types of natural hazards to determine their impact on society.
E.8.9B.2 Compare and contrast technologies that predict natural hazards to identify which types of
technologies are most effective. Natural Hazard Technology used Where they occur Impact
Huricanes Saffir-simpson scale, radar,
satellite
Warm tropical ocean waters,
near coast lines
Storm, surge, Flooding, loss of
life & major destruction to
property
flooding Dams, levies Near rivers, & waterways, coast
lines, areas with storms
Major loss of properties, loss of
life & farm land
volcanoes Along plate boundaries,
seismograph
Along plate boundaries, ring of
fire, mt. st. helens
Loss of plant & animal
life/habitat, ash smoke, soot
make air unbreathable, loss of
life, destruction of property
earthquakes Seismograph, Richter scale Along plate boundaries, ring of
fire, California
loss of life, long term,
destruction of property,
tsunamis
Thunderstoms/tornados Radar, satellite imaging,
Fujita scale Mid-US *tornado alley, but can
occur anywhere weather
changes
Loss of life, flooding, some
destruction of property
Forrest fires Satellite imaging Areas that have long periods of
no rain
Loss of habitat & animal life,
property destruction, loss of life
Mud / land slide seismograph Mountains, sloped land, areas
that receive large amounts of
rain & dry seasons
Destruction of anything in its
path, loss of life, major cleanup
after the debris stops moving
J. Precipitation
K. Condensation
L. Transpiration
M. Evaporation
X. groundwater flow
Y. Run off
What do the arrows
represent? infiltration
Case 21 Semester Exam study guide (Part C: 3rd 9 weeks)
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OBJ. E.8.10.1-4 Natural Resources
E.8.10.1 Read and evaluate scientific information about advancements in renewable and nonrenewable
resources. Propose and defend ways to decrease national and global dependency on nonrenewable
resources.
1. Which of the following would be classified as a fossil fuel?
Select all that apply
A. Coal E. Uranium
B. Geothermal F. Petroleum/Oil
C. Water G. Biomass
D. Natural gas
2. Match the description to the type of resource.
Description Type of Resource
13. This material is used in nuclear power plants to create nuclear energy B
14. This energy source comes from plants that died millions of years ago.D
15. Energy gained from this renewable energy resource comes from burning
food scraps, wood, and other organic material. A
16. This nonrenewable energy resource comes from plankton that died
millions of years ago and is found layered over oil. E
17. This renewable energy source comes from Earth’s interior. F
18. This energy source comes from the Sun. C
A. Biomass
B. Uranium
C. Solar
D. Coal
E. Oil
F. Geothermal
G. Natural gas
3. Fill in the blank
Resources that are used faster than they can be replaced by natural processes are known as NONRENWABLE
resources, whereas resources that can be replaced by natural process in a relatively short time are known as
RENEWABLE resources.
E.8.10.2 Create and defend a proposal for reducing the environmental effects humans have on Earth (e.g., population
increases, consumer demands, chemical pollution, deforestation, and change in average annual temperature).
Match the word to the correct example 1. Deforestation D A. Over the last 20 years the average surface temperature
of Earth has increase around 2 degrees Celsius
2. Reclamation H B. A car plant collects scrap metal to melt in order to make
engine parts
3. Acid precipitation J C. A nuclear power plant releases waste after a Tsunami
hit
4. Global Warming A D. Cutting down trees to harvest wood for a paper plant
5. Reforestation I E. A new neighborhood was being built in Lewisburg
6. Green spaces E F. Establishing a neighborhood park before constructing a
new neighborhood
7. Landfills G G. Waste companies burry the trash in an area that most
people do not live to prevent it from blowing
everywhere in the community
8. Recycling B H. After mining gravel, the company created a lake in the
whole that was left behind, planted trees, & established
a wildlife reserve
9. Urban Sprawl F I. planting trees in after the CA wild fires destroyed 1000’s of acres
10. Hazardous waste C J. Trees dying in an area due to air pollution that causes a
lower pH in the precipitation
Case 21 Semester Exam study guide (Part C: 3rd 9 weeks)
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11. . . Which of the following claims could be made about the data in the graph?
A. The population on Earth has remained stable throughout history
B. In the late 1800 the population began to gradually rise at a slow pace
C. In the late 1800 the population began to increase rapidly
D. The population on Earth has gradually increased throughout history
12. . Which of the following most likely led to the change in population during the last century?
A. Improvements in agriculture
B. Improvements in transportation
C. Improvements in medical treatment
D. Improvements in education
13. .. If the trend in population represented in the graph continues for the next 100 years, what impact will it
have on natural resources?
A. Natural resources will decrease due to the carry capacity of Earth
B. Natural resources will increase due to carrying capacity of Earth
C. Natural resources will decrease at first and then replenish themselves over time
D. Natural resources will not be impacted by the change
E.8.10.3 Using scientific data, debate the societal advantages and disadvantages of technological
advancements in renewable energy sources.
1. Which of the following energy resources produces absolutely no pollution?
A. Biomass
B. Coal
C. Hydroelectric
D. Geothermal
2. Which of the following claims is a downside to renewable energy sources?
Select all that apply
A. difficult for renewable energy sources to generate power on the same large scale as fossil fuels
B. Creates major pollution by emitting greenhouse gases
C. building wind farms and dams can disrupt wildlife and migration patterns and lead to ecological
destruction
D. There is a limited supply of these types of resources
E. Renewable energy prices can be unstable over time
Case 21 Semester Exam study guide (Part C: 3rd 9 weeks)
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3. How does the use of renewable resources help combat climate change?
A. It helps decrease the temperature of the atmosphere
B. It helps generate money for scientific research in slowing the climate change
C. it creates no direct greenhouse gas emissions
D. It helps put carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which reduces global temperatures.
4. Which renewable resource(s) in the data chart below are correctly placed with their advantage
Advantage Renewable Resources
A. A. Nonpolluting solar, wind, water
B. B. Relatively inexpensive wind , solar
C. C. Produces little pollution Geothermal, biomass
D. D. Reduces organic material in landfills biomass , water
5. Which of the following are disadvantages to using fossil fuels as an energy source?
Select All that Apply.
A. habitat disruption B. fairly easy to transform chemical energy to electrical energy C. limited supply D. can only be used in particular regions of the world
E. relatively easy to transport
F. pollution from mining and from burning
G. relatively inexpensive
A. Advantage of Renewable B. Disadvantage of Renewable 6. renewable energy sources produce less pollution than fossil fuels. A
7. geothermal drilling disrupts habitats. B
8. biomass energy reduces the amount of organic matter in landfills. A
9. large-scale geothermal plants are limited to areas with tectonic activity. B
10. wind energy is nonpolluting. A
11. geothermal energy produces little pollution. A
12. wind energy is relatively inexpensive. A
13. wind farms are limited to large, windy areas. B
14. solar cells are expensive. B
15. biomass is less energy efficient than fossil fuels. B
Case 21 Semester Exam study guide (Part C: 3rd 9 weeks)
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OBJ. P.8.6.1-7 Waves
P.8.6.1 Collect, organize, and interpret data about the characteristics of sound and light waves to
construct explanations about the relationship between matter and energy.
Visible Light Sound
Definition: A form of energy that is a segment of the ELECTROMAGNETIC spectrum that the human eye can view. This range of wavelengths is called visible light.
a form of energy that causes air molecules to VIBRATE and move in a pattern which travel to your ears allowing your brain to recognize the sound
Type of wave Electromagnetic Mechanical
Type of wave
motion
Transverse
Longitudinal
Amplitude Affects the BRIGHTNESS a light Amount of ENERGY the wave carries
Loudness or softness of a sound
Frequency/
wavelength
Affects the COLOR of the light
Affects the PITCH of a sound
How it interacts with
a medium (matter)
Denser medium: SLOWER
NO MEDIUM: fastest
Denser medium: FASTER
NO MEDIUM: won’t move *STOPS
Use the chart below to answer the following questions. Material Meters per second
Air at 32 degrees 331
Air at 68 degrees 343
Water at 68 degrees 1,481
Water at 33 degrees 1,500
Ice at 32 degrees 3,500
Iron 5,130
Glass 5,640
1. What material does sound travel fastest in between iron, water at 68 degrees, and air at 32 degrees?
a) iron b) water at 68 c) air at 32
2. Where does the speed of sound travel faster between water at 33 degrees and water at 68 degrees?
a) water at 33 b) water at 68
3. Where is the speed of sound travel fastest between glass, iron, and air?
a) glass b) iron c) air
4. Where does the speed of sound travel the slowest on the chart? _________________________
5. Based on the chart, where does sound travel faster?
a) liquid b) solid
6. Based on the chart, where does sound travel faster?
a) gas b) liquid
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7. Based on the data chart what would happen to the speed of light if it were to transmit through the following
mediums?
a) Light that left our atmosphere SPEED UP
b) Light that enters our atmosphere SLOW DOWN
c) Light entering a swimming pool SLOW DOWN
Use the chart above to answer the following questions:
1.Which color reflects the most light? WHITE
2. Which color absorbs the most light? BLACK
3. If you were building a solar water heater, which color would be the best to paint the outside? BLACK
4. Besides black, the second best color to paint the solar water heater would be which color? RED
5. A group only has four colors to paint their solar water heater. Kevin says they should paint it white. Rachel
says they should paint it blue. Lisa says they should paint it yellow. Taylor says they should paint it orange.
Which of the colors would make the water heat up the best. BLUE
6. Which of these colors would work the least? (red, blue, yellow, orange)
P.8.6.2 Investigate research-based mechanisms for capturing and converting wave energy (frequency,
amplitude, wavelength, and speed) into electrical energy.
Characteristics of wave Definition
frequency NUMBER OF BEATS PER SECOND wavelength DISTANCE FROM 1 CREST TO ANOTHER OR COMPRESSION
TO A COMPRESSION amplitude DISTANCE FROM RESTING POSITION TO THE CREST speed DISTANCE A WAVE TRAVELS IN A PARTICULAR AMOUNT
OF TIME
What are some devices that convert wave energy into electrical energy?
MICROPHONE, amplifier, cell phones, tidal/ocean wave energy
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P.8.6.3 Conduct simple investigations about the performance of waves to describe their behavior (e.g.,
refraction, reflection, transmission, and absorption) as they interact with various materials (e.g., lenses,
mirrors, and prisms).
Use the word bank to label the following diagrams:
-reflection -absorption -constructive interference -destructive interference -refraction -prism
ABSORPTION REFLECTION REFRACTION PRISM CONSTUCTIVE
INTERFERANCE
DESTRUCTIVE
INTERFERANCE
Match the terms in the box to the description below. 1_________________ a wave bouncing off a surface C
2_________________ material that allows most light to pass through and forms a blurry image D
3_________________ electromagnetic radiation that humans can see A
4_________________ material that allows almost all light to pass through and forms a clear image E
5_________________ material that does not allow light to pass through B
Mirrors: reflect Light Lenses: transmit light
CONCAVE
Flips object UPSIDE down
Makes objects appear SMALLER diverges light
CONVEX
Right-side up but elongated
Makes objects appear LARGER converges light
P.8.6.4 Use scientific processes to plan and conduct controlled investigations to conclude sound is a wave
phenomenon that is characterized by amplitude and frequency.
Sound
Longitudinal
AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY
Amount of energy the wave carries
Loudness or softness of a sound
Affects the pitch of a sound
Measured in DECIBLES Measured in HERTZS
A. light
B. opaque
C. reflection
D. translucent
E. transparent
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Comparing two sets of waves can allow a person to make judgments about the nature of the sounds that produced the waves.
Assume that both sets of sound waves are travelling at the same speed. What is the
Best description of these two sets of waves? A. Sound waves from source X are louder than sound waves from source Y, but both have
the same frequency. B. Sound waves from source X have a greater amplitude than sound waves from source Y,
but both have the same energy. C. Sound waves from source X have a greater wavelength than sound waves from source
Y, but both are equally loud. D. Sound waves from source X have a higher frequency than sound waves from source Y,
but both have the same wavelength.
P.8.6.5 Conduct scientific investigations that describe the behavior of sound when resonance changes
(e.g., waves in a stretched string and design of musical instruments).
Fill in the missing information in the data chart below
Higher Pitch Lower Pitch
Length of the string shorter longer
Stretching of a string More stretched Less stretched
Thickness of a string thinner thicker
Length of a bar shorter longer
The rubber bands were stretch across some nails in a board like the image below.
Which of the following claims could the students have made during this investigation?
A. Rubber band A had the highest pitch.
B. Rubber band D had the highest pitch.
C. Rubber band A had the highest amplitude.
D. All of the rubber bands have the same pitch but different amplitudes.
P.8.6.6 Obtain and evaluate scientific information to explain the relationship between seeing color and
the transmission, absorption, or reflection of light waves by various materials. 1. Which crayon absorbs all wavelengths of light? BLACK
2. Which crayon reflects all wavelengths of light? WHITE
3. Which crayon reflects only red wavelengths of light? RED
4. Which crayon absorbs red, orange, yellow, green, indigo & violet light? BLUE
A D C B
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List the order color light spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength in the box below, then write HIGH or
LOW energy in the correct box
P.8.6.7 Research the historical significance of wave technology to explain how digitized tools have evolved to
encode and transmit information (e.g., telegraph, cell phones, and wireless computer networks).
1. What type of electromagnetic wave is used for transmitting information RADIO WAVES / MICROWAVES 2. What is the difference between a transmitter & a receiver? TRANSMITTER SEND INFORMATION, RECIEVER
CAPTURES INFORMATION 3. What characteristics of light & sound waves can be converted to electrical energy then back to light of sound
energy? FREQUENCY & AMPLITUDE 4. What is the difference between analog & digital technology & how has digital help improve technology?
ANOLGUE MEASURES CONTINUOUS AMPLITUDES AND FREQUESCIES, DIGITAL CONVERTS WAVES INTO NUMBER CODES TO MAKE DATA MORE RELIABLE AND EASIER TO TRANSMIT WITH LESS INTERFERENCE
P.8.6.8 Compare and contrast the behavior of sound and light waves to determine which types of waves
need a medium for transmission. Identify each of the following behaviors of a wave as SOUND, LIGHT, OR BOTH
1_________________ Must have a medium SOUND
2_________________ Can travel through opaque solids SOUND
3_________________ Is a transverse wave LIGHT
4_________________ Is a series of vibrations moving in compressions and rarefactions SOUND
5_________________ Carries energy from one point to another BOTH
6_________________ Travels in empty space or a medium LIGHT
7_________________ Speeds decreases as the medium becomes more dense LIGHT
8_________________ Can be absorbed and reflected BOTH
9_________________ Refracts in clear liquids LIGHT
10_________________ Slows down when travelling from a solid to a gas SOUND
11_________________ Longitudinal SOUND
fig 1. The original analogue sound wave is a continuous set of points fig 2. ADC converts sound into digital data fig 3. DAC converts digital data into analogue sound, the analogue wave produced may differ significantly from the original sound wave