CASE DIGEST BATCH 1.docx

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ELECTION LAW CASE DIGEST: FIRST BATCH OF CASES

G.R. No. 118702 March 16, 1995

CIRILO ROY G. MONTEJO, petitioner,

vs.

COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, respondent.

SERGIO A.F. AOSTOL, intervenor.

FACTS!

. Petitioner Cirio Ro! G. "onte#o, representin$ t%e First Distri&t o' Le!te,

pe(ds 'or t%e (nn)*ent o' se&tion + o' Reso)tion No. -/ o' t%e

CO"ELEC, redistri&tin$ &ert(in *)ni&ip(ities in Le!te, on t%e $ro)nd t%(t it

vio(tes t%e prin&ipe o' e0)(it! o' represent(tion. To re*ed! t%e (e$edine0)it!, petitioner see1s to tr(ns'er t%e *)ni&ip(it! o' Tolosa'ro* %is

distri&t to t%e Se&ond Distri&t o' t%e provin&e. Intervenor Ser$io A.F. Aposto,

representin$ t%e Se&ond Distri&t, vi$oro)s! opposed t%e in&)sion o'Tolosain

%is distri&t. We $(ve d)e &o)rse to t%e petition &onsiderin$ t%(t, (t 2otto*, it

invoves t%e v(idit! o' t%e )npre&edented e3er&ise 2! t%e CO"ELEC o'

t%e legislative powero' redistri&tin$ (nd re(pportion*ent.

T%e provin&e o' Le!te 4it% t%e &ities o' T(&o2(n (nd Or*o& is &o*posed o'

5ve 678 e$is(tive distri&ts.1

T%e 5rst distri&t2&overs T(&o2(n Cit! (nd t%e *)ni&ip(ities o' A(n$((n$,

B(2(tn$on, P(o, S(n "i$)e, St(. Fe, T(n()(n (nd Tolosa.

T%e se&ond distri&t"is &o*posed o' t%e *)ni&ip(ities o' B(r)$o, B(r()en,

C(poo&(n, C(ri$(r(, D($(*i, D)($, 9(ro, 9)it(, L( P(t, "(!or$(, "(&Art%)r,

P(str(n(, T(2ont(2on, (nd T)n$(.

T%e t%ird distri&t#is &o*posed o' t%e *)ni&ip(ities o' A*eri(, Biliran,

C(2)&$(!(n, C(i2ir(n, C()2i(n, C)(2(, (4(!(n, Le!te, "(ripipi, N(v(,

S(n Isidro, T(2(n$o, (nd ;i(2(.

T%e 'o)rt% distri&t5is &o*posed o' Or*o& Cit! (nd t%e *)ni&ip(ities o'

A2)er(, Is(2e, (n(n$(, "(t($o2, "erid(, (nd P(o*pon.

T%e 5't% distri&t6is &o*posed o' t%e *)ni&ip(ities o' A2)!o$, B(te, B(!2(!,

Hion$os, Hind(n$, Inop(&(n, 9(vier, "(%(p($, (nd "(t(o*.

TAN


2/37


Biliran, o&(ted in t%e t%ird distri&t o' Le!te , 4(s *(de its s)2=provin&e 2!

virt)e o' Rep)2i& A&t No. +>+ Se&tion + o' t%e (4 speed o)t en(&ted on

Apri ?, +@[email protected]

On 9(n)(r! +, +@@, t%e Lo&( Govern*ent Code too1 ee&t. P)rs)(nt to its

Se&tion >/, t%e s)2=provin&e o' Biir(n 2e&(*e ( re$)(r provin&e.

T%e &onversion o' Biir(n into ( re$)(r provin&e 4(s (pproved 2! ( *(#orit!

o' t%e votes &(st in ( pe2is&ite %ed on "(! ++, +@@. As ( &onse0)en&e o'

t%e &onversion, ei$%t 6?8 *)ni&ip(ities o' t%e T%ird Distri&t &o*posed t%e

ne4 provin&e o' Biir(n,

ISS$ES!

%ON CO"ELEC &(n tr(ns'er *)ni&ip(ities 'ro* one e$is(tive distri&t to

(not%er e$is(tive

&EL'!

t%e Constit)tion( Co**ission denied to t%e CO"ELEC t%e majorpo4er o'

e$is(tive (pportion*ent (s it itse' e3er&ised t%e po4er. Se&tion o' t%e

Ordin(n&e on! e*po4ered t%e CO"ELEC to *(1e minor(d#)st*ents o' t%e

re(pportion*ent herein made.

Consistent 4it% t%e i*its o' its po4er to *(1e *inor (d#)st*ents, Se&tion

o' t%e Ordin(n&e did not (so $ive t%e respondent CO"ELEC (n! ()t%orit! to

tr(ns'er municipalities'ro* one e$is(tive distri&t to (not%er distri&t. T%e

po4er $r(nted 2! Se&tion to t%e respondent CO"ELEC is to adjust t%e

n)*2er o' members 6not *)ni&ip(ities8 (pportioned to t%e provin&e o)t o'

4%i&% s)&% ne4 provin&e 4(s &re(ted. . . .

Pres&indin$ 'ro* t%ese pre*ises, 4e %od t%(t respondent CO"ELEC

&o**itted $r(ve (2)se o' dis&retion (*o)ntin$ to (&1 o' #)risdi&tion 4%en itpro*)$(ted se&tion + o' its Reso)tion No. -/ tr(ns'errin$ t%e

*)ni&ip(it! o' C(poo&(n o' t%e Se&ond Distri&t (nd t%e *)ni&ip(it! o'

P(o*pon o' t%e Fo)rt% Distri&t to t%e T%ird Distri&t o' Le!te.

G.R. No. 15701" J()* 10, 200"

TAN


3/37


ATTY. ROM$LO +. MACALINTAL,petitioner,

vs.

COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, &ON. AL+ERTO ROM$LO, - h o/ca)

caac* a E3c(43 S3cr3ar*, a- &ON. EMILIA T. +ONCO'IN,

S3cr3ar* o h3 '3ar3- o +(3 a-

Ma-a33-,respondents.

A$STRIAMARTINE:,J.!

FACTS!

Be'ore t%e Co)rt is ( petition 'or &ertior(ri (nd pro%i2ition 5ed 2! Ro*)o B.

"(&(int(, ( *e*2er o' t%e P%iippine B(r, see1in$ ( de&(r(tion t%(t &ert(in

provisions o' Rep)2i& A&t No. @+?@ 6The Overseas Absentee Voting Act of

20038+s)er 'ro* &onstit)tion( in5r*it!. C(i*in$ t%(t %e %(s (&t)( (nd

*(teri( e$( interest in t%e s)2#e&t *(tter o' t%is &(se in seein$ to it t%(t

p)2i& ')nds (re proper! (nd (4')! )sed (nd (ppropri(ted, petitioner 5ed

t%e inst(nt petition (s ( t(3p(!er (nd (s ( (4!er.

ISS$ES!

A. Does Se&tion 76d8 o' Rep. A&t No. @+?@ (o4in$ t%e re$istr(tion o'

voters 4%o (re i**i$r(nts or per*(nent residents in ot%er &o)ntries

2! t%eir *ere (&t o' e3e&)tin$ (n (d(vit e3pressin$ t%eir intention toret)rn to t%e P%iippines, vio(te t%e residen&! re0)ire*ent in Se&tion +

o' Arti&e ; o' t%e Constit)tion

B. Does Se&tion +?.7 o' t%e s(*e (4 e*po4erin$ t%e CO"ELEC to

pro&(i* t%e 4innin$ &(ndid(tes 'or n(tion( o&es (nd p(rt! ist

represent(tives in&)din$ t%e President (nd t%e ;i&e=President vio(te

t%e &onstit)tion( *(nd(te )nder Se&tion >, Arti&e ;II o' t%e

Constit)tion t%(t t%e 4innin$ &(ndid(tes 'or President (nd t%e ;i&e=

President s%( 2e pro&(i*ed (s 4inners 2! Con$ress

&EL'!

A. NO.

TAN


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Con$ress &r('ted ( pro&ess o' re$istr(tion 2! 4%i&% ( Fiipino voter

per*(nent! residin$ (2ro(d 4%o is (t e(st ei$%teen !e(rs od, not

ot%er4ise dis0)(i5ed 2! (4, who has not relinquished hilippine

citi!enship(nd 4%o %(s not (&t)(! (2(ndoned %is%er intentions to

ret)rn to %is%er do*i&ie o' ori$in, t%e P%iippines, is (o4ed to

re$ister (nd vote in t%e P%iippine e*2(ss!, &ons)(te or ot%er 'orei$n

servi&e est(2is%*ents o' t%e p(&e 4%i&% %(s #)risdi&tion over t%e

&o)ntr! 4%ere %es%e %(s indi&(ted %is%er (ddress 'or p)rposes o' t%e

ee&tions, 4%ie providin$ 'or s('e$)(rds to ( &e(n ee&tion.

Con$ress en(&ted t%e (4 pres&ri2in$ ( s!ste* o' overse(s (2sentee

votin$ in &o*pi(n&e 4it% t%e &onstit)tion( *(nd(te. S)&% *(nd(te

e3press! re0)ires t%(t Con$ress provide ( s!ste* o' (2sentee votin$

t%(t ne&ess(ri! pres)pposes t%(t t%e 0)(i5ed &itien o' t%e

P%iippines (2ro(d is not p%!si&(! present in t%e &o)ntr!. T%eprovisions o' Se&tions 76d8 (nd ++ (re &o*ponents o' t%e s!ste* o'

overse(s (2sentee votin$ est(2is%ed 2! R.A. No. @+?@. T%e 0)(i5ed

Fiipino (2ro(d 4%o e3e&)ted t%e (d(vit is dee*ed to %(ve ret(ined

%is do*i&ie in t%e P%iippines. He is pres)*ed not to %(ve ost %is

do*i&ie 2! %is p%!si&( (2sen&e 'ro* t%is &o)ntr!. His %(vin$ 2e&o*e

(n i**i$r(nt or per*(nent resident o' %is %ost &o)ntr! does not

ne&ess(ri! i*p! (n (2(ndon*ent o' %is intention to ret)rn to %is

do*i&ie o' ori$in, t%e P%iippines. T%ere'ore, )nder t%e (4, %e *)st 2e

$iven t%e opport)nit! to e3press t%(t %e %(s not (&t)(! (2(ndoned

%is do*i&ie in t%e P%iippines 2! e3e&)tin$ t%e (d(vit re0)ired 2!

Se&tions 76d8 (nd ?6&8 o' t%e (4.

Ot%er serio)s e$( 0)estions t%(t *(! 2e r(ised 4o)d 2e: 4%(t

%(ppens to t%e votes &(st 2! t%e 0)(i5ed voters (2ro(d 4%o 4ere not

(2e to ret)rn 4it%in t%ree !e(rs (s pro*ised W%(t is t%e ee&t on t%e

votes &(st 2! t%e non=ret)rnees in '(vor o' t%e 4innin$ &(ndid(tes

T%e votes &(st 2! 0)(i5ed Fiipinos (2ro(d 4%o '(ied to ret)rn 4it%in

t%ree !e(rs s%( not 2e inv(id(ted 2e&()se t%e! 4ere 0)(i5ed to

vote on t%e d(te o' t%e ee&tions, 2)t t%eir '(i)re to ret)rn s%( 2e

&()se 'or t%e re*ov( o' t%e n(*es o' t%e i**i$r(nts or per*(nent

residents 'ro* t%e N(tion( Re$istr! o' A2sentee ;oters (nd t%eir

per*(nent dis0)(i5&(tion to vote in absentia.

+. YES

TAN


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Se&tion > o' R.A. No. @+?@ provides t%(t t%e overse(s (2sentee voter *(!

vote 'or president, vi&e=president, sen(tors (nd p(rt!=ist represent(tives.

Se&tion +?.7 o' t%e s(*e A&t provides:

SEC. +?.On=Site Co)ntin$ (nd C(nv(ssin$.

. . . . . . . . .

+?. 7 T%e &(nv(ss o' votes s%( not &()se t%e de(! o' t%e

pro&(*(tion o' ( 4innin$ &(ndid(te i' t%e o)t&o*e o' t%e ee&tion 4i

not 2e (e&ted 2! t%e res)ts t%ereo'. Not4it%st(ndin$ t%e

'ore$oin$, the Commission is empowered to order the

proclamation of winning candidatesdespite t%e '(&t t%(t t%e

s&%ed)ed ee&tion %(s not t(1en p(&e in ( p(rti&)(r &o)ntr! or

&o)ntries, i' t%e %odin$ o' ee&tions t%erein %(s 2een rendered

i*possi2e 2! events, '(&tors (nd &ir&)*st(n&es pe&)i(r to s)&%

&o)ntr! or &o)ntries, in 4%i&% events, '(&tors (nd &ir&)*st(n&es (re

2e!ond t%e &ontro or in)en&e o' t%e Co**ission. 6E*p%(sis

s)ppied8

Petitioner &(i*s t%(t t%e provision o' Se&tion +?.7 o' R.A. No. @+?@

e*po4erin$ t%e CO"ELEC to order t%e pro&(*(tion o' 4innin$

&(ndid(tes inso'(r (s it (e&ts t%e &(nv(ss o' votes (nd pro&(*(tion

o' 4innin$ &(ndid(tes 'or president (nd vi&e=president, is)n&onstit)tion( 2e&()se it vio(tes t%e provisions o' p(r($r(p% >,

Se&tion > o' Arti&e ;II o' t%e Constit)tion

Con$ress &o)d not %(ve (o4ed t%e CO"ELEC to )s)rp ( po4er t%(t

&onstit)tion(! 2eon$s to it or, (s (pt! st(ted 2! petitioner, to en&ro(&% on

t%e po4er o' Con$ress to &(nv(ss t%e votes 'or president (nd vi&e=president

(nd t%e po4er to pro&(i* t%e 4inners 'or t%e s(id positions. T%e provisions

o' t%e Constit)tion (s t%e ')nd(*ent( (4 o' t%e (nd s%o)d 2e re(d (s p(rt

o' The Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003(nd %en&e, t%e &(nv(ssin$ o'

t%e votes (nd t%e pro&(*(tion o' t%e 4innin$ &(ndid(tes 'or president (ndvi&e=president 'or t%e entire n(tion *)st re*(in in t%e %(nds o' Con$ress.

G.R. No. 12#521 Ja-(ar* 29, 1998

MIC&AEL O. MAST$RA, petitioner,

vs.

TAN


6/37


COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS ;S3co- '4o-8 2(ot 2o3es 4ere prod)&ed (nd opened

pon e3(*in(tion (nd &o*p(rison o' t%e &opies o' t%e ee&tion ret)rns o' t%e

"TC 9)d$e (nd t%e CO"ELEC, t%e CO"ELEC Se&ond Division 'o)nd t%(t,

indeed, t%e Certi5&(te o' C(nv(ss o' t%e ")ni&ip(it! o' "(t(no$ %(d 2een

t(*pered 4it%. Conse0)ent!, t%e CO"ELEC Se&ond Division (nn)ed t%e

Certi5&(te o' C(nv(ss o' "(t(no$

T%e 'oo4in$ d(!, "(st)r( 5ed (n r$ent "otion to E3(*ine (nd ;eri'! t%e

C(nv(ssed "BC Copies o' t%e Ee&tion Ret)rns (nd t%e CO"ELEC Cop! o' t%e

Certi5&(te o' C(nv(ss (nd A&&o*p(n!in$ St(te*ent o' ;otes. T%e CO"ELEC

Se&ond Division *ere! noted t%e *otion in vie4 o' t%e @ Fe2r)(r! +@@/

Order.2

T%ere('ter "(st)r( 5ed (n r$ent "otion to De'er I*pe*ent(tion o' t%e @

Fe2r)(r! +@@/ Order. "(st)r( (r$)ed t%(t t%e @ Fe2r)(r! +@@/ Order 4(s

iss)ed pre&ipit(te! (nd pre*(t)re! &onsiderin$ t%(t so*e ot%er

do&)*ents. T%e CO"ELEC Se&ond Division denied t%e *otion

A'ter t%e pro&eedin$s in t%e ")ni&ip( Bo(rd o' C(nv(ssers, t%e Provin&i(

Bo(rd o' C(nv(ssers &onvened (nd prep(red t%e Certi5&(te o' C(nv(ss (nd

St(te*ent o' ;otes o' t%e ")ni&ip(it! o' "(t(no$. As ( res)t, priv(te

respondent Di(n$(en 4(s pro&(i*ed t%e d)! ee&ted *e*2er o' t%e

Ho)se o' Represent(tives, First Distri&t o' "($)ind(n(o.

ISS$ES!

TAN


7/37


8/37


independent 2! t%e Constit)tion itse' J on ( eve %i$%er t%(n st(t)tor!

(d*inistr(tive or$(ns. T%e CO"ELEC %(s 2ro(d po4ers to (s&ert(in t%e tr)e

res)ts o' t%e ee&tion 2! *e(ns (v(i(2e to it. For t%e (tt(in*ent o' t%(t

end, it is not stri&t! 2o)nd 2! t%e r)es o' eviden&e. 5

P)rs)(nt to its (d*inistr(tive ')n&tions, t%e CO"ELEC e3er&ises

dire&t s)pervision (nd &ontro over t%e pro&eedin$s 2e'ore t%e

Bo(rd o' C(nv(ssers

. NO

A t%e seven 6-8 &opies o' t%e ee&tion ret)rns (re ( original&opies,

(t%o)$% t%e &op! 'or t%e ")ni&ip( Bo(rd o' C(nv(ssers is desi$n(ted (s

t%e"rst&op!. T%is desi$n(tion is on! 'or t%e p)rpose o' distri2)tion (nddoes not in (n! 4(! (&&ord s(id &op! t%e st(t)s o' 2ein$ the onl#ori$in(

&op!. Conse0)ent!, it 4(s proper! 4it%in t%e e3er&ise o' its dis&retion 4%en

CO"ELEC ordered t%e prod)&tion (nd e3(*in(tion o' t%e "TC 9)d$e &op!

(nd t%e CO"ELEC &op! o' t%e ee&tion ret)rns. CO"ELEC is not re0)ired to

retrieve (nd e3(*ine ( t%e seven 6-8 &opies o' t%e ee&tion ret)rns.

Addition(!, Se&. +7 o' R.A. No. -+// does not in (n! 4(! spe&i'! t%(t t%e

CO"ELEC s%o)d )se t%e ")ni&ip( Bo(rd o' C(nv(ssers &op! in &orre&tin$

*(ni'est error.

$endo!a% &'% too( no part'

G.R. No. 8#8#"## Ja-(ar* 22, 1990

N$R&$SSEIN A. $T$TAL$M, petitioner,

vs.

COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS a- AR'EN S. ANNI, respondents.

FACTS!

Petitioner nt()* o2t(ined >? votes 4%ie respondent Anni re&eived7,7?+ votes o)t o' t%e @,?K+ voters. I' t%e ret)rns o' Si(si 4ere e3&)ded,petitioner 4o)d %(ve e(d o' 7,K+ votes. Petitioner 5ed 4ritten o2#e&tionsto t%e ret)rns 'ro* Si(si on t%e $ro)nd t%(t t%e! (ppe(r to 2e t(*pered

TAN


9/37


4it% or '(si5edM o4in$ to t%e $re(t e3&ess o' votesM (ppe(rin$ in t%e s(idret)rns.

CO"ELEC iss)ed (nn)in$ t%e Si(si List o' ;oters on t%e $ro)nd o' *(ssiveirre$)(rities &o**itted in t%e prep(r(tion (nd 2ein$ st(tisti&(!

i*pro2(2eM, (nd orderin$ ( ne4 re$istr(tion o' voters 'or t%e o&(ee&tions.

Petitioner &ontends t%(t t%e iss)e %e r(ised re'erred to o2vio)s*(n)'(&t)red ret)rns,M ( proper s)2#e&t *(tter 'or ( pre=pro&(*(tion&ontrovers! (nd t%ere'ore &o$ni(2e 2! t%e CO"ELEC t%(t ee&tion ret)rns'ro* Si(si s%o)d 2e e3&)ded 'ro* t%e &(nv(ss o' t%e res)ts sin&e itsori$in( List o' ;oters %(d (re(d! 2een 5n(! (nn)ed.

ISS$ES!

%ON t%e ee&tion ret)rns 'ro* Si(si s%o)d 2e e3&)ded 'ro* t%e &(nv(ss o'

t%e res)ts sin&e t%e ori$in( List o' ;oters %(d 2een 5n(! (nn)ed.

&EL'!

%e Si(si ret)rns, %o4ever, do not s%o4 pri*( '(&ie t%(t on t%e 2(sis o' t%e

od List o' ;oters, t%ere is (&t)(! ( $re(t e3&ess o' votes over 4%(t &o)d

%(ve 2een e$(! &(st &onsiderin$ t%(t on! /,KKK persons (&t)(! voted

o)t o' t%e @,?K+ voters.

Petitioners &()se o' (&tion is not ( isted $ro)nd 'or ( pre=pro&(*(tion

&ontrovers!. To (o4 t%e CO"ELEC to do so retro(&tive! 4o)d 2e to

e*po4er it to (nn) ( previo)s ee&tion 2e&()se o' t%e s)2se0)ent

(nn)*ent o' ( 0)estioned re$istr!. T%e ist *)st t%en 2e &onsidered

&on&)sive eviden&e o' persons 4%o &o)d e3er&ise t%e ri$%t o' s)r($e in (

p(rti&)(r ee&tion. T%e prep(r(tion o' ( voters ist is not ( pro&eedin$ 2e'ore

t%e Bo(rd o' C(nv(ssers. A pre=pro&(*(tion &ontrovers! is i*ited to

&%(en$es dire&ted ($(inst t%e Bo(rd o' C(nv(ssers, not t%e Bo(rd o'

Ee&tion Inspe&tors (nd s)&% &%(en$e s%o)d re(te to spe&i5ed ee&tionret)rns ($(inst 4%i&% t%e petitioner s%o)d %(ve *(de ver2( ee&tions.

G.R. No. 1"#015 J()* 19, 1999

J$AN 'OMINO, petitioner,

vs.

TAN


10/37


COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, NARCISO Ra. GRAFILO, JR., E''Y +.

JA=A, J$AN . +AYONITO, JR., ROSARIO SAMSON a- 'IONISIO . LIM,

SR., respondent,L$CILLE C&IONG+IANSOLON, intervenor.

FACTS!

On 7 "(r&% +@@?, DO"INO 5ed %is &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&! 'or t%e position

o' Represent(tive o' t%e Lone Le$is(tive Distri&t o' t%e Provin&e o' S(r(n$(ni

indi&(tin$ in ite* nine 6@8 o' %is &erti5&(te t%(t %e %(d resided in t%e

&onstit)en&! 4%ere %e see1s to 2e ee&ted 'or one 6+8 !e(r (nd t4o 68

*ont%s i**edi(te! pre&edin$ t%e ee&tion."

On K "(r&% +@@?, priv(te respondents N(r&iso R(. Gr(5o, 9r., Edd! B. 9(v(,

9)(n P. B(!onito, 9r., Ros(rio S(*son (nd Dionisio P. Li*, Sr., 5ed 4it% t%e

CO"ELEC ( Petition to Den! D)e Co)rse to or C(n&e Certi5&(te o'

C(ndid(&!, 4%i&% 4(s do&1eted (s SPA No. @?=K (nd (ssi$ned to t%e

Se&ond Division o' t%e CO"ELEC. Priv(te respondents (e$ed t%(t DO"INO,

&ontr(r! to %is de&(r(tion in t%e &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&!, is not ( resident,

*)&% ess ( re$istered voter, o' t%e provin&e o' S(r(n$(ni 4%ere %e see1s

ee&tion.

For %is de'ense, DO"INO *(int(ins t%(t %e %(d &o*pied 4it% t%e one=!e(r

residen&e re0)ire*ent (nd t%(t %e %(s 2een residin$ in S(r(n$(ni sin&e

9(n)(r! +@@-.

On / "(! +@@?, t%e CO"ELEC nd Division pro*)$(ted ( reso)tionde&(rin$ DO"INO dis0)(i5ed (s &(ndid(te 'or t%e position o' represent(tive

o' t%e one distri&t o' S(r(n$(ni 'or (&1 o' t%e one=!e(r residen&e

re0)ire*ent (nd i1e4ise ordered t%e &(n&e(tion o' %is COC.

On ++ "(! +@@?, t%e d(! o' t%e ee&tion, t%e CO"ELEC iss)ed S)ppe*ent(

O*ni2)s Reso)tion No. K>/, orderin$ t%(t t%e votes &(st 'or DO"INO 2e

&o)nted 2)t to s)spend t%e pro&(*(tion i' 4innin$.

DO"INO $(rnered t%e %i$%est n)*2er o' votes over %is opponents 'or t%e

position o' Con$ress*(n o' t%e Provin&e o' S(r(n$(ni.

On +7 "(! +@@?, DO"INO 5ed ( *otion 'or re&onsider(tion o' t%e Reso)tion

d(ted / "(! +@@?, 4%i&% 4(s denied 2! t%e CO"ELEC en bancin its de&ision

d(ted @ "(! +@@?.

TAN


11/37


ISS$ES!

(. W%et%er or not t%e #)d$*ent o' t%e "etropoit(n Tri( Co)rt o'

)eon Cit! de&(rin$ petitioner (s resident o' S(r(n$(ni (nd not

o' )eon Cit! is 5n(, &on&)sive (nd 2indin$ )pon t%e 4%oe

4ord, in&)din$ t%e Co**ission on Ee&tions.

2. W%et%er or not petitioner %erein %(s resided in t%e s)2#e&t

&on$ression( distri&t 'or (t e(st one 6+8 !e(r i**edi(te!

pre&edin$ t%e "(! ++, +@@? ee&tions (nd

&. W%et%er or not respondent CO"ELEC %(s #)risdi&tion over t%e

petition ( quo'or t%e dis0)(i5&(tion o' petitioner.

&EL'!

A. NO.

T%e "etropoit(n Tri( Co)rt o' )eon Cit! in its +? 9(n)(r! de&ision

e3&eeded its #)risdi&tion 4%en it de&(red DO"INO ( resident o' t%e Provin&e

o' S(r(n$(ni, (pproved (nd ordered t%e tr(ns'er o' %is voterQs re$istr(tion

'ro* Pre&in&t No. >>KK=A o' B(r(n$(! Od B((r(, )eon Cit! to pre&in&t

+>A+ o' B(r(n$(! Po2(&ion, A(2e, S(r(n$(ni. It is not 4it%in t%e&o*peten&e o' t%e tri( &o)rt, in (n e3&)sion pro&eedin$s, to de&(re t%e

&%(en$ed voter ( resident o' (not%er *)ni&ip(it!. T%e #)risdi&tion o' t%e

o4er &o)rt over e3&)sion &(ses is i*ited on! to deter*inin$ t%e ri$%t o'

voter to re*(in in t%e ist o' voters or to de&(re t%(t t%e &%(en$ed voter is

not 0)(i5ed to vote in t%e pre&int in 4%i&% %e is re$istered, spe&i'!in$ t%e

$ro)nd o' t%e voterQs dis0)(i5&(tion. T%e tri( &o)rt %(s no po4er to order

t%e &%(n$e or tr(ns'er o' re$istr(tion 'ro* one p(&e o' residen&e to (not%er

'or it is t%e ')n&tion o' t%e ee&tion Re$istr(tion Bo(rd (s provided )nder

Se&tion + o' R.A. No. ?+?@. 17T%e on! ee&t o' t%e de&ision o' t%e o4er

&o)rt e3&)din$ t%e &%(en$ed voter 'ro* t%e ist o' voters, is 'or t%e Ee&tion

Re$istr(tion Bo(rd, )pon re&eipt o' t%e 5n( de&ision, to re*ove t%e voterQs

re$istr(tion re&ord 'ro* t%e &orrespondin$ 2oo1 o' voters, enter t%e order o'

e3&)sion t%erein, (nd t%ere('ter p(&e t%e re&ord in t%e in(&tive 5e

+. NO

TAN


12/37


It is do&trin(! setted t%(t t%e ter* residen&e, (s )sed in t%e (4

pres&ri2in$ t%e 0)(i5&(tions 'or s)r($e (nd 'or ee&tive o&e, *e(ns t%e

s(*e t%in$ (s do*i&ie, 4%i&% i*ports not on! (n intention to reside in (

53ed p(&e 2)t (so person( presen&e in t%(t p(&e, &o)ped 4it% &ond)&t

indi&(tive o' s)&% intention.21Do*i&ie denotes ( 53ed per*(nent

residen&e to 4%i&%, 4%enever (2sent 'or 2)siness, pe(s)re, or so*e ot%er

re(sons, one intends to ret)rn.22Do*i&ie is ( 0)estion o' intention (nd

&ir&)*st(n&es. In t%e &onsider(tion o' &ir&)*st(n&es, t%ree r)es *)st 2e

2orne in *ind, n(*e!: 6+8 t%(t ( *(n *)st %(ve ( residen&e or do*i&ie

so*e4%ere 68 4%en on&e est(2is%ed it re*(ins )nti ( ne4 one is

(&0)ired (nd 68 ( *(n &(n %(ve 2)t one residen&e or do*i&ie (t ( ti*e.

To est(2is% ( ne4 do*i&ie o' &%oi&e, person( presen&e in t%e p(&e *)st

2e &o)ped 4it% &ond)&t indi&(tive o' t%(t intention. W%ie residen&e

si*p! re0)ires 2odi! presen&e in ( $iven p(&e, do*i&ie re0)ires not on!s)&% 2odi! presen&e in t%(t p(&e 2)t (so ( de&(red (nd pro2(2e intent to

*(1e it oneQs 53ed (nd per*(nent p(&e o' (2ode, oneQs %o*e. 28

As ( $ener( r)e, t%e prin&ip( ee*ents o' do*i&ie, p%!si&( presen&e in

t%e o&(it! invoved (nd intention to (dopt it (s ( do*i&ie, *)st &on&)r in

order to est(2is% ( ne4 do*i&ie. No &%(n$e o' do*i&ie 4i res)t i' eit%er

o' t%ese ee*ents is (2sent. Intention to (&0)ire ( do*i&ie 4it%o)t (&t)(

residen&e in t%e o&(it! does not res)t in (&0)isition o' do*i&ie, nor does

t%e '(&t o' p%!si&( presen&e 4it%o)t intention.29

F)rt%er, Do*inoQs (&1 o' intention to (2(ndon %is residen&e in )eon Cit!

is ')rt%er stren$t%ened 2! %is (&t o' re$isterin$ (s voter in one o' t%e

pre&in&ts in )eon Cit!. W%ie votin$ is not &on&)sive o' residen&e, it does

$ive rise to ( stron$ pres)*ption o' residen&e espe&i(! in t%is &(se 4%ere

DO"INO re$istered in %is 'or*er 2(r(n$(!.

In s%o4in$ &o*pi(n&e 4it% t%e residen&! re0)ire*ent, 2ot% intent (nd

(&t)( presen&e in t%e distri&t one intends to represent *)st s(tis'! t%e

en$t% o' ti*e pres&ri2ed 2! t%e ')nd(*ent( (4. "6Do*inoQs '(i)re to do so

rendered %i* inei$i2e (nd %is ee&tion to o&e n) (nd void.

C. NO.

As previo)s! *entioned, t%e CO"ELEC, )nder Se&. -?, Art. I o' t%e

O*ni2)s Ee&tion Code, %(s #)risdi&tion over ( petition to den! d)e &o)rse to

TAN


13/37


or &(n&e &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&!. S)&% #)risdi&tion &ontin)es even ('ter

ee&tion, i' 'or (n! re(son no 5n( #)d$*ent o' dis0)(i5&(tion is rendered

2e'ore t%e ee&tion, (nd t%e &(ndid(te '(&in$ dis0)(i5&(tion is voted 'or (nd

re&eives t%e %i$%est n)*2er o' votes"8(nd provided ')rt%er t%(t t%e 4innin$

&(ndid(te %(s not 2een pro&(i*ed or %(s t(1en %is o(t% o' o&e."9

It %(s 2een repe(ted! %ed in ( n)*2er o' &(ses, t%(t t%e Ho)se o'

Represent(tives Ee&tor( Tri2)n(Qs soe (nd e3&)sive #)risdi&tion over (

&ontests re(tin$ to t%e ee&tion, ret)rns (nd 0)(i5&(tions o' *e*2ers o'

Con$ress (s provided )nder Se&tion +- o' Arti&e ;I o' t%e Constit)tion

2e$ins on! ('ter ( &(ndid(te %(s 2e&o*e ( *e*2er o' t%e Ho)se o'

Represent(tives. #0

T%e '(&t o' o2t(inin$ t%e %i$%est n)*2er o' votes in (n ee&tion does not

()to*(ti&(! vest t%e position in t%e 4innin$ &(ndid(te.#1

A &(ndid(te *)st2e pro&(i*ed (nd *)st %(ve t(1en %is o(t% o' o&e 2e'ore %e &(n 2e

&onsidered ( *e*2er o' t%e Ho)se o' Represent(tives.

In t%e inst(nt &(se, DO"INO 4(s not pro&(i*ed (s Con$ress*(n=ee&t o' t%e

Lone Con$ression( Distri&t o' t%e Provin&e o' S(r(n$(ni 2! re(son o' (

S)ppe*ent( O*ni2)s Reso)tion iss)ed 2! t%e CO"ELEC on t%e d(! o' t%e

ee&tion orderin$ t%e s)spension o' DO"INOQs pro&(*(tion s%o)d %e o2t(in

t%e 4innin$ n)*2er o' votes. T%is reso)tion 4(s iss)ed 2! t%e CO"ELEC in

vie4 o' t%e non=5n(it! o' its / "(! +@@? reso)tion dis0)(i'!in$ DO"INO (s

&(ndid(te 'or t%e position.

G.R. No. 180088 Ja-(ar* 19, 2009

MAN$EL +. JA:ON,Petitioner,

vs.

COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS a- JAIME S. TY,Respondents

FACTS!Bot% petitioner "(n)e B. 9(pon 69(pon8 (nd priv(te respondent 9(i*e S. T!

6T!8 4ere &(ndid(tes 'or t%e O&e o' "(!or o' t%e ")ni&ip(it! o' Gener(

"(&(rt%)r, E(stern S(*(r, in t%e o&( ee&tions %ed on +> "(! KK-.

TAN


14/37


On +7 9)ne KK-, 9(pon instit)ted SPA No. K-=7/? 2! 5in$ 2e'ore t%e

CO"ELEC ( Petition7to dis0)(i'! (ndor &(n&e T!s Certi5&(te o' C(ndid(&!

on t%e $ro)nd o' *(teri( *isrepresent(tion.

9(pon (verred in %is Petition t%(t T! 4(s ( 'or*er n(t)r(=2orn Fiipino,

%(vin$ 2een 2orn on @ O&to2er +@> in 4%(t 4(s t%en P(*2)#(n S)r,

Hern(ni E(stern S(*(r 6no4 t%e ")ni&ip(it! o' Gener( "(&(rt%)r, E(ster

S(*(r8 to spo)ses An$ C%i* T! 6( C%inese8 (nd Cris(nt( Ar(n(s S)*i$)in 6(

Fiipino8.

T! event)(! *i$r(ted to t%e nited St(tes o' A*eri&( 6SA8 (nd 2e&(*e (

&itien t%ereo'. T! %(d 2een residin$ in t%e SA 'or t%e (st 7 !e(rs.

W%en T! 5ed %is Certi5&(te o' C(ndid(&! on ? "(r&% KK-, %e '(se!

represented t%erein t%(t %e 4(s ( resident o' B(r(n$(! /, Po2(&ion, Gener("(&(rt%)r, E(stern S(*(r, 'or one !e(r 2e'ore +> "(! KK-, (nd 4(s not (

per*(nent resident or i**i$r(nt o' (n! 'orei$n &o)ntr!.

W%ie T! *(! %(ve (ppied 'or t%e re(&0)isition o' %is P%iippine &itiens%ip,

%e never (&t)(! resided in B(r(n$(! /, Po2(&ion, Gener( "(&(rt%)r,

E(stern S(*(r, 'or ( period o' one !e(r i**edi(te! pre&edin$ t%e d(te o'

ee&tion (s re0)ired )nder Se&tion @ o' Rep)2i& A&t No. -+/K, ot%er4ise

1no4n (s t%e Lo&( Govern*ent Code o' +@@+.

In '(&t, even ('ter 5in$ %is (ppi&(tion 'or re(&0)isition o' %is P%iippine&itiens%ip, T! &ontin)ed to *(1e trips to t%e SA, t%e *ost re&ent o' 4%i&%

4(s on + O&to2er KK/ (stin$ )nti K 9(n)(r! KK-. "oreover, (t%o)$% T!

(re(d! too1 %is O(t% o' Ae$i(n&e to t%e Rep)2i& o' t%e P%iippines, %e

&ontin)ed to &o*port %i*se' (s (n A*eri&(n &itien (s proven 2! %is tr(ve

re&ords.

He %(d (so '(ied to reno)n&e %is 'orei$n &itiens%ip (s re0)ired 2! Rep)2i&

A&t No. @7, ot%er4ise 1no4n (s t%e Citiens%ip Retention (nd

Re(&0)isition A&t o' KK, or re(ted (4s. Hen&e, 9(pon pr(!ed 'or in %is

Petition t%(t t%e CO"ELEC order t%e dis0)(i5&(tion o' T! 'ro* r)nnin$ 'or

p)2i& o&e (nd t%e &(n&e(tion o' t%e (tters Certi5&(te o' C(ndid(&!.

T%e CO"ELEC First Division (so %ed t%(t T! did not &o**it *(teri(

*isrepresent(tion.

ISS$ES!

TAN


15/37


W%et%er or not t%e de'ed(nt %(s &o*pied 4it% t%e residen&! re0)ire*ent

'or ee&tive positions.

&EL'!

"(! KK- o&( ee&tions so t%(t %e &o)d 2e

&onsidered ( resident t%ereo'. To t%e &ontr(r!, t%e Co)rt %(s previo)s! r)ed

t%(t (2sen&e 'ro* residen&e to p)rs)e st)dies or pr(&ti&e ( pro'ession or

re$istr(tion (s ( voter ot%er t%(n in t%e p(&e 4%ere one is ee&ted, does not

&onstit)te oss o' residen&e.>T%e Co)rt (so notes, t%(t even 4it% %is trips to

ot%er &o)ntries, T! 4(s (&t)(! present in t%e ")ni&ip(it! o' Gener(

"(&(rt%)r, E(stern S(*(r, P%iippines, 'or (t e(st nine o' t%e + *ont%s

pre&edin$ t%e +> "(! KK- o&( ee&tions. Even i' en$t% o' (&t)( st(! in (

p(&e is not ne&ess(ri! deter*in(tive o' t%e '(&t o' residen&e t%erein, it doesstron$! s)pport (nd is on! &onsistent 4it% T!s (vo4ed intent in t%e inst(nt

&(se to est(2is% residen&edo*i&ie in t%e ")ni&ip(it! o' Gener( "(&(rt%)r,

E(stern S(*(r.

9(pon repe(ted! 2rin$s to t%e (ttention o' t%is Co)rt t%(t T! (rrived in t%e

")ni&ip(it! o' Gener( "(&(rt%)r, E(stern S(*(r, on > "(! KK/ on! to

TAN


16/37


&o*p! 4it% t%e one=!e(r residen&! re0)ire*ent, so T! &o)d r)n (s (

*(!or(t! &(ndid(te in t%e +> "(! KK- ee&tions. In A0)ino v.

CO"ELEC,7t%e Co)rt did not 5nd (n!t%in$ 4ron$ in (n individ)( &%(n$in$

residen&es so %e &o)d r)n 'or (n ee&tive post, 'or (s on$ (s %e is (2e to

prove 4it% re(son(2e &ert(int! t%(t %e %(s ee&ted ( &%(n$e o' residen&e

'or ee&tion (4 p)rposes 'or t%e period re0)ired 2! (4. As t%is Co)rt (re(d!

'o)nd in t%e present &(se, T! %(s proven 2! s)2st(nti( eviden&e t%(t %e %(d

est(2is%ed residen&edo*i&ie in t%e ")ni&ip(it! o' Gener( "(&(rt%)r,

E(stern S(*(r, 2! > "(! KK/, ( itte over ( !e(r prior to t%e +> "(! KK-

o&( ee&tions, in 4%i&% %e r(n (s ( &(ndid(te 'or t%e O&e o' t%e "(!or (nd

in 4%i&% %e $(rnered t%e *ost n)*2er o' votes.

/To s)&&ess')! &%(en$e T!s dis0)(i5&(tion, 9(pon *)st &e(r!

de*onstr(te t%(t T!s inei$i2iit! is so p(tent! (nt($onisti& to &onstit)tion(

(nd e$( prin&ipes t%(t overridin$ s)&% inei$i2iit! (nd t%ere2! $ivin$ ee&tto t%e (pp(rent 4i o' t%e peope 4o)d )ti*(te! &re(te $re(ter pre#)di&e

to t%e ver! de*o&r(ti& instit)tions (nd #)risti& tr(ditions t%(t o)r Constit)tion

(nd (4s so e(o)s! prote&t (nd pro*ote. In t%is &(se, 9(pon '(ied to

s)2st(nti(te %is &(i* t%(t T! is inei$i2e to 2e "(!or o' t%e ")ni&ip(it! o'

Gener( "(&(rt%)r, E(stern S(*(r, P%iippines.

G.R. No. 162759 A(( #, 2006

LOI'A NICOLASLE%IS, GREGORIO +. MACA+ENTA, ALEJAN'RO A.

ESCLAMA'O, ARMAN'O +. &ERE'IA, RE$+EN S. SEG$RITAN, ERICLAC&ICA F$R+EYRE, TERESITA A. CR$:, JOSEFINA OENA

'ISTER&OFT, MERCE'ES =. OENA, CORNELIO R. NATI=I'A', E=ELYN

'. NATI=I'A', Petitioners,

vs.

COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, Respondent.

FACTS!

Petitioners (re s)&&ess') (ppi&(nts 'or re&o$nition o' P%iippine &itiens%ip

)nder R.A. @7 4%i&% (&&ords to s)&% (ppi&(nts t%e ri$%t o' s)r($e,

(*on$ ot%ers. Lon$ 2e'ore t%e "(! KK> n(tion( (nd o&( ee&tions,

petitioners so)$%t re$istr(tion (nd &erti5&(tion (s overse(s (2sentee voter

on! to 2e (dvised 2! t%e P%iippine E*2(ss! in t%e nited St(tes t%(t, per (

CO"ELEC etter to t%e Dep(rt*ent o' Forei$n A(irs d(ted Septe*2er ,

TAN


17/37


KK , t%e! %(ve !et no ri$%t to vote in s)&% ee&tions o4in$ to t%eir (&1 o'

t%e one=!e(r residen&e re0)ire*ent pres&ri2ed 2! t%e Constit)tion.

T%e s(*e etter, %o4ever, )r$ed t%e dierent P%iippine posts (2ro(d not to

dis&ontin)e t%eir &(*p(i$n 'or voters re$istr(tion, (s t%e residen&e

restri&tion (dverted to 4o)d &onte3t)(! (e&t *ere! &ert(in individ)(s

4%o 4o)d i1e! 2e ei$i2e to vote in ')t)re ee&tions.

F(&ed 4it% t%e prospe&t o' not 2ein$ (2e to vote in t%e "(! KK> ee&tions

o4in$ to t%e CO"ELECQs re')s( to in&)de t%e* in t%e N(tion( Re$istr! o'

A2sentee ;oters, petitioner Ni&o(s=Le4is et (., 75ed on Apri +, KK> t%is

petition 'or &ertior(ri (nd *(nd(*)s.

A itte over ( 4ee1 2e'ore t%e "(! +K, KK> ee&tions, or on Apri K, KK>,

t%e CO"ELEC 5ed ( Co**ent,

/

t%erein pr(!in$ 'or t%e deni( o' t%e petition.As *(! 2e e3pe&ted, petitioners 4ere not (2e to re$ister et (one vote in

s(id ee&tions.

ISS$ES!

W%et%er or not petitioners (nd ot%ers 4%o *i$%t %(ve *e(n4%ie ret(ined

(ndor re(&0)ired P%iippine &itiens%ip p)rs)(nt to R.A. @7 *(! vote (s

(2sentee voter )nder R.A. @+?@.

&EL'!


18/37


It is &e(r 'ro* t%ese dis&)ssions o' t%e Constit)tion( Co**ission t%(t itU

intended to en'r(n&%ise (s *)&% (s possi2e ( Fiipino &itiens (2ro(d 4%o

%(ve not (2(ndoned t%eir do*i&ie o' ori$in. T%e Co**ission even intended

to e3tend to !o)n$ Fiipinos 4%o re(&% votin$ ($e (2ro(d 4%ose p(rents

do*i&ie o' ori$in is in t%e P%iippines, (nd &onsider t%e* 0)(i5ed (s voters

'or t%e 5rst ti*e.

It is in p)rs)(n&e o' t%(t intention t%(t t%e Co**ission provided 'or Se&tion

Arti&e ;U i**edi(te! ('ter t%e residen&! re0)ire*ent o' Se&tion +. B! t%e

do&trine o' ne&ess(r! i*pi&(tion in st(t)tor! &onstr)&tion, , t%e str(te$i&

o&(tion o' Se&tion indi&(tes t%(t t%e Constit)tion( Co**ission provided

'or (n e3&eption to t%e (&t)( residen&! re0)ire*ent o' Se&tion + 4it%

respe&t to 0)(i5ed Fiipinos (2ro(d. T%e s(*e Co**ission %(s in ee&t

de&(red t%(t 0)(i5ed Fiipinos 4%o (re not in t%e P%iippines *(! 2e

(o4ed to vote even t%o)$% t%e! do not s(tis'! t%e residen&! re0)ire*ent inSe&tion +, Arti&e ; o' t%e Constit)tion.

T%(t Se&tion o' Arti&e ; o' t%e Constit)tion is (n e3&eption to t%e

residen&! re0)ire*ent 'o)nd in Se&tion + o' t%e s(*e Arti&e.

EN BANC

G.R. No. 188920 F3>r(ar* 16, 2010

JOSE L. ATIEN:A, JR., MATIAS =. 'EFENSOR, JR., RO'OLFO G.=ALENCIA, 'ANILO E. S$ARE:, SOLOMON R. C&$NGALAO,

SAL=ACION :AL'I=ARERE:, &ARLIN CASTA+AYON, MEL=IN G.

MAC$SI a- ELEA:AR . ?$INTO,Petitioners,

vs.

COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, MAN$EL A. RO@AS II, FRANLIN M.

'RILON a- J.R. NERE$S O. ACOSTA,Respondents

FACTS!

On 9)! 7, KK7 respondent Fr(n1in ". Drion 6Drion8, (s erst4%ie president

o' t%e Li2er( P(rt! 6LP8, (nno)n&ed %is p(rt!s 4it%dr(4( o' s)pport 'or t%e

(d*inistr(tion o' President Gori( "(&(p($(=Arro!o. B)t petitioner 9ose L.

Atien(, 9r. 6Atien(8, LP C%(ir*(n, (nd ( n)*2er o' p(rt! *e*2ers

deno)n&ed Drions *ove, &(i*in$ t%(t %e *(de t%e (nno)n&e*ent 4it%o)t

&ons)tin$ %is p(rt!.

TAN


19/37


On "(r&% , KK/ petitioner Atien( %osted ( p(rt! &on'eren&e to s)pposed!

dis&)ss o&( ()tono*! (nd p(rt! *(tters 2)t, 4%en &onvened, t%e (sse*2!

pro&eeded to de&(re ( positions in t%e LPs r)in$ 2od! v(&(nt (nd ee&ted

ne4 o&ers, 4it% Atien( (s LP president. Respondent Drion i**edi(te!

5ed ( petition+4it% t%e Co**ission on Ee&tions 6CO"ELEC8 to n)i'! t%e

ee&tions. He &(i*ed t%(t it 4(s ie$( &onsiderin$ t%(t t%e p(rt!s ee&tin$

2odies, t%e N(tion( E3e&)tive Co)n&i 6NECO8 (nd t%e N(tion( Poiti&(

Co)n&i 6NAPOLCO8, 4ere not proper! &onvened. Drion (so &(i*ed t%(t

)nder t%e (*ended LP Constit)tion,p(rt! o&ers 4ere ee&ted to ( 53ed

t%ree=!e(r ter* t%(t 4(s !et to end on Nove*2er K, KK-.

On t%e ot%er %(nd, petitioner Atien( &(i*ed t%(t t%e *(#orit! o' t%e LPs

NECO (nd NAPOLCO (ttended t%e "(r&% , KK/ (sse*2!. T%e ee&tion o'

ne4 o&ers on t%(t o&&(sion &o)d 2e i1ened to peope po4er, 4%erein

t%e LP *(#orit! re*oved respondent Drion (s president 2! dire&t (&tion.Atien( (so s(id t%(t t%e (*end*entsto t%e ori$in( LP Constit)tion, or t%e

S(on$( Constit)tion, $ivin$ LP o&ers ( 53ed t%ree=!e(r ter*, %(d not 2een

proper! r(ti5ed. Conse0)ent!, t%e ter* o' Drion (nd t%e ot%er o&ers

(re(d! ended on 9)! >, KK/.

On O&to2er +, KK/, t%e CO"ELEC iss)ed ( reso)tion,>p(rti(! $r(ntin$

respondent Drions petition. It (nn)ed t%e "(r&% , KK/ ee&tions (nd

ordered t%e %odin$ o' ( ne4 ee&tion )nder CO"ELEC s)pervision. It %ed

t%(t t%e ee&tion o' petitioner Atien( (nd t%e ot%ers 4it% %i* 4(s inv(id

sin&e t%e ee&tin$ (sse*2! did not &onvene in (&&ord(n&e 4it% t%e S(on$(

Constit)tion. B)t, sin&e t%e (*end*ents to t%e S(on$( Constit)tion %(d not

2een proper! r(ti5ed, Drions ter* *(! 2e dee*ed to %(ve ended. T%)s, %e

%ed t%e position o' LP president in ( %odover &(p(&it! )nti ne4 o&ers

4ere ee&ted.

ISS$ES!

W%et%er or not Co*ee& %(s #)risdi&tion over intr(=poiti&( p(rt! disp)te.

&EL'!

YES.

TAN


20/37


B)t t%e CO"ELECs #)risdi&tion over intr(=p(rt! disp)tes is i*ited. It does

not %(ve 2(n1et ()t%orit! to resove (n! (nd ( &ontroversies invovin$

poiti&( p(rties. Poiti&( p(rties (re $ener(! 'ree to &ond)&t t%eir (&tivities

4it%o)t inter'eren&e 'ro* t%e st(te. T%e CO"ELEC *(! intervene in disp)tes

intern( to ( p(rt! on! 4%en ne&ess(r! to t%e dis&%(r$e o' its &onstit)tion(

')n&tions.

T%e CO"ELECs #)risdi&tion over intr(=p(rt! e(ders%ip disp)tes %(s (re(d!

2een setted 2! t%e Co)rt. T%e Co)rt r)ed in ((4 v. Co**ission on

Ee&tions+/t%(t t%e CO"ELECs po4ers (nd ')n&tions )nder Se&tion , Arti&e

I=C o' t%e Constit)tion, in&)de t%e (s&ert(in*ent o' t%e identit! o' t%e

poiti&( p(rt! (nd its e$iti*(te o&ers responsi2e 'or its (&ts. T%e Co)rt

(so de&(red in (not%er &(se+-t%(t t%e CO"ELECs po4er to re$ister poiti&(

p(rties ne&ess(ri! invoved t%e deter*in(tion o' t%e persons 4%o *)st (&t

on its 2e%('. T%)s, t%e CO"ELEC *(! resove (n intr(=p(rt! e(ders%ipdisp)te, in ( proper &(se 2ro)$%t 2e'ore it, (s (n in&ident o' its po4er to

re$ister poiti&( p(rties.

T%e v(idit! o' respondent Ro3(s ee&tion (s LP president is ( e(ders%ip

iss)e t%(t t%e CO"ELEC %(d to sette. nder t%e (*ended LP Constit)tion,

t%e LP president is t%e iss)in$ ()t%orit! 'or &erti5&(tes o' no*in(tion o'

p(rt! &(ndid(tes 'or ( n(tion( ee&tive positions. It is (so t%e LP president

4%o &(n ()t%orie ot%er LP o&ers to iss)e &erti5&(tes o' no*in(tion 'or

&(ndid(tes to o&( ee&tive posts.+? In si*pe ter*s, it is t%e LP president

4%o &erti5es t%e o&i( st(nd(rd 2e(rer o' t%e p(rt!.

T%e (4 (so $r(nts ( re$istered poiti&( p(rt! &ert(in ri$%ts (nd privie$es

t%(t 4i redo)nd to t%e 2ene5t o' its o&i( &(ndid(tes. It i*poses, too, e$(

o2i$(tions )pon re$istered poiti&( p(rties t%(t %(ve to 2e &(rried o)t

t%ro)$% t%eir e(ders. T%e reso)tion o' t%e e(ders%ip iss)e is t%)s

p(rti&)(r! si$ni5&(nt in ens)rin$ t%e pe(&e') (nd order! &ond)&t o' t%e

ee&tions.

G.R. No. 179271 Ar) 21, 2009

+ARANGAY ASSOCIATION FOR NATIONAL A'=ANCEMENT AN'TRANSARENCY ;+ANAT


21/37


ARTS +$SINESS AN' SCIENCE ROFESSIONALS,Intervenor.AANGAT TAYO,Intervenor.COALITION OF ASSOCIATIONS OF SENIOR CITI:ENS IN T&E&ILIINES, INC. ;SENIOR CITI:ENS


22/37


BANAT (so 0)estions i' t%e KV r)e is ( *ere &eiin$ or is it *(nd(tor!. I' it

is *(nd(tor!, t%en 4it% t%e V 0)(i'!in$ vote, t%ere 4o)d 2e inst(n&es

4%en it 4o)d 2e i*possi2e to 5 t%e pres&ri2ed KV s%(re o' p(rt!=ists in

t%e o4er %o)se. BANAT (so proposes ( ne4 &o*p)t(tion 64%i&% s%( 2e

dis&)ssed in t%e HELDM portion o' t%is di$est8.

On t%e ot%er %(nd, BA


23/37


represent(tives. Ho4ever, t%e Constit)tion (so (o4ed Con$ress to 53 t%e

n)*2er o' t%e *e*2ers%ip o' t%e o4er %o)se (s in '(&t, it &(n &re(te

(ddition( e$is(tive distri&ts (s it *(! dee* (ppropri(te. As &(n 2e seen in

t%e "(! KK- ee&tions, t%ere 4ere K distri&t represent(tives, %en&e

(pp!in$ t%e ?K=K r)e or t%e 7:+ r(tio, t%ere s%o)d 2e 77 se(ts (otted 'orp(rt!=ist represent(tives.

Ho4 did t%e S)pre*e Co)rt (rrive (t 77 T%is is t%e 'or*)(:

6C)rrent N)*2er o' Le$is(tive Distri&tRepresent(tives K.?K8 3 6K.K8 X

N)*2er o' Se(ts Av(i(2e to P(rt!=List Represent(tives

Hen&e,

6K K.?K8 3 6K.K8 X 77

II.T%e KV (o&(tion 'or p(rt!=ist represent(tives is *ere! ( &eiin$

*e(nin$, t%e n)*2er o' p(rt!=ist represent(tives s%( not e3&eed KV o'

t%e tot( n)*2er o' t%e *e*2ers o' t%e o4er %o)se. Ho4ever, it is not

*(nd(tor! t%(t t%e KV s%( 2e 5ed.

III. No. Se&tion ++2 o' RA -@>+ is )n&onstit)tion(. T%ere is no &onstit)tion(

2(sis to (o4 t%(t on! p(rt!=ists 4%i&% $(rnered V o' t%e votes &(st

(re B(a)3'or ( se(t (nd t%ose 4%i&% $(rnered ess t%(n V (re

dis0)(i5ed. F)rt%er, t%e V t%res%od &re(tes ( *(t%e*(ti&( i*possi2iit!

to (tt(in t%e ide( ?K=K (pportion*ent. T%e S)pre*e Co)rt e3p(ined:

It is t%ere'ore &e(r t%(t t%e t4o per&ent t%res%od presents (n )n4(rr(nted

o2st(&e to t%e ') i*pe*ent(tion o' Se&tion 768, Arti&e ;I o' t%e

Constit)tion (nd prevents t%e (tt(in*ent o' t%e 2ro(dest possi2e

represent(tion o' p(rt!, se&tor( or $ro)p interests in t%e Ho)se o'

Represent(tives.M

I=. Inste(d, t%e V r)e s%o)d *e(n t%(t i' ( p(rt!=ist $(rners V o' t%evotes &(st, t%en it is(ara-33( se(t, (nd not 0)(i5edM. T%is (o4s

t%ose p(rt!=ists $(rnerin$ ess t%(n V to (so $et ( se(t.

B)t %o4 T%e S)pre*e Co)rt (id do4n t%e 'oo4in$ r)es:

TAN


24/37


+. T%e p(rties, or$(ni(tions, (nd &o(itions s%( 2e r(n1ed 'ro* t%e %i$%est

to t%e o4est 2(sed on t%e n)*2er o' votes t%e! $(rnered d)rin$ t%e

ee&tions.

. T%e p(rties, or$(ni(tions, (nd &o(itions re&eivin$ (t e(st t4o per&ent6V8 o' t%e tot( votes &(st 'or t%e p(rt!=ist s!ste* s%( 2e entited to one

$)(r(nteed se(t e(&%.

. T%ose $(rnerin$ s)&ient n)*2er o' votes, (&&ordin$ to t%e r(n1in$ in

p(r($r(p% +, s%( 2e entited to (ddition( se(ts in proportion to t%eir tot(

n)*2er o' votes )nti ( t%e (ddition( se(ts (re (o&(ted.

>. E(&% p(rt!, or$(ni(tion, or &o(ition s%( 2e entited to not *ore t%(n

t%ree 68 se(ts.

In &o*p)tin$ t%e (ddition( se(ts, t%e $)(r(nteed se(ts s%( no on$er 2e

in&)ded 2e&()se t%e! %(ve (re(d! 2een (o&(ted, (t one se(t e(&%, to

ever! t4o=per&enter. T%)s, t%e re*(inin$ (v(i(2e se(ts 'or (o&(tion (s

(ddition( se(tsM (re t%e *(3i*)* se(ts reserved )nder t%e P(rt! List

S!ste* ess t%e $)(r(nteed se(ts. Fr(&tion( se(ts (re disre$(rded in t%e

(2sen&e o' ( provision in R.A. No. -@>+ (o4in$ 'or ( ro)ndin$ o o'

'r(&tion( se(ts.

In s%ort, t%ere s%( 2e t4o ro)nds in deter*inin$ t%e (o&(tion o' t%e se(ts.

In t%e 5rst ro)nd, ( p(rt!=ists 4%i&% $(rnered (t e(st V o' t%e votes &(st

6&(ed t%e two)percenters8 (re $iven t%eir one se(t e(&%. T%e tot( n)*2er

o' se(ts $iven to t%ese t4o=per&enters (re t%en ded)&ted 'ro* t%e tot(

(v(i(2e se(ts 'or p(rt!=ists. In t%is &(se, +- p(rt!=ists 4ere (2e to $(rner

V e(&%. T%ere (re ( tot( 77 se(ts (v(i(2e 'or p(rt!=ists %en&e, 77 *in)s

+- X ? re*(inin$ se(ts. 6lease refer to the full tet of the case for the

tabulation8.

T%e n)*2er o' re*(inin$ se(ts, in t%is &(se ?, s%( 2e )sed in t%e se&ond

ro)nd, p(rti&)(r!, in deter*inin$, 5rst, t%e (ddition( se(ts 'or t%e t4o=

per&enters, (nd se&ond, in deter*inin$ se(ts 'or t%e p(rt!=ists t%(t did not

$(rner (t e(st V o' t%e votes &(st, (nd in t%e pro&ess 5in$ )p t%e KV

(o&(tion 'or p(rt!=ist represent(tives.

Ho4 is t%is done

TAN


25/37


Get t%e tot( per&ent($e o' votes $(rnered 2! t%e p(rt! (nd *)tip! it

($(inst t%e re*(inin$ n)*2er o' se(ts. T%e prod)&t, 4%i&% s%( not 2e

ro)nded o, 4i 2e t%e (ddition( n)*2er o' se(ts (otted 'or t%e p(rt! ist

2)t t%e se(t i*it r)e s%( sti 2e o2served.

.ample1

In t%is &(se, t%e BHA< p(rt!=ist $(rnered t%e %i$%est tot( vote o'

+,+/@,> 4%i&% is -.V o' t%e tot( votes &(st 'or t%e p(rt!=ist ee&tions

6+7,@7K,@KK8.

App!in$ t%e 'or*)( (2ove: 6Per&ent($e o' vote $(rnered8 3 6re*(inin$

se(ts8 X n)*2er o' (ddition( se(t

Hen&e, -.V 3 ? X .-@

Ro)ndin$ o to t%e ne3t %i$%er n)*2er is not (o4ed so .-@ re*(ins .

BHA< is ( t4o=per&enter 4%i&% *e(ns it %(s ( $)(r(nteed one se(t PLS

(ddition( se(ts or ( tot( o' se(ts. No4 i' it so %(ppens t%(t BHA< $ot

KV o' t%e votes &(st, it 4i sti $et se(ts 2e&()se t%e se(t i*it r)e

pro%i2its it 'ro* %(vin$ *ore t%(n se(ts.

No4 ('ter ( t%e t4K=per&enters 4ere $iven t%eir $)(r(nteed (nd (ddition(

se(ts, (nd t%ere (re sti )no&&)pied se(ts, t%ose se(ts s%( 2e distri2)ted to

t%e re*(inin$ p(rt!=ists (nd t%ose %i$%er in r(n1 in t%e votin$ s%( 2e

prioritied )nti ( t%e se(ts (re o&&)pied.

=.No. B! ( vote o' ?=-, t%e S)pre*e Co)rt &ontin)ed to dis(o4 *(#or

poiti&( p(rties 6t%e i1es o' NIDO, LABAN, et&8 'ro* p(rti&ip(tin$ in t%e

p(rt!=ist ee&tions.

At%o)$% t%e ponen&i( 69)sti&e C(rpio8 did point o)t t%(t t%ere is no

pro%i2ition eit%er 'ro* t%e Constit)tion or 'ro* RA -@>+ ($(inst *(#or

poiti&( p(rties 'ro* p(rti&ip(tin$ in t%e p(rt!=ist ee&tions (s t%e 4ordp(rt!M 4(s not 0)(i5ed (nd t%(t even t%e 'r(*ers o' t%e Constit)tion in

t%eir dei2er(tions dei2er(te! (o4ed *(#or poiti&( p(rties to p(rti&ip(te

in t%e p(rt!=ist ee&tions provided t%(t t%e! est(2is% ( se&tor( 4in$ 4%i&%

represents t%e *(r$in(ied 6indire&t p(rti&ip(tion8, 9)sti&e P)no, in %is

sep(r(te opinion, &on&)rred 2! - ot%er #)sti&es, e3p(ined t%(t t%e 4i o' t%e

peope de'e(ts t%e 4i o' t%e 'r(*ers o' t%e Constit)tion pre&ise! 2e&()se it

TAN


26/37


27/37


St(t)s 0)o (nte orders 6SAO8 4ere iss)ed in ( 7> petitions 4%i&% restored

t%e st(t)s 0)o prior to t%e dis0)(i5&(tion o' petitioners. Ho4ever, on! @ o'

t%e 7 petitioners or on! >+ petitions 4ere (2e to se&)re ( *(nd(tor!

in#)n&tion, dire&tin$ t%e Co*ee& to in&)de t%eir n(*es in t%e printin$ o'

o&i( 2(ots.

ISS$ES!

W%et%er or not t%e*(r$in(ied (nd )nderrepresented se&tor,Ms no*inees

*)st &o*e 'ro* t%e *(r$in(ied (nd )nderrepresented se&tor,M

&EL'!

NO.

Co**issioner C%risti(n S. "onsod, t%e *(in sponsor o' t%e p(rt!=ist s!ste*,

stressed t%(t h3 ar*) *3 -o *-o-*o( Dh ha o

h3 3cora) r3r33-ao-.

T%e p%r(se ar-a)3 a- (-3rr3r33-3s%o)d r33r o-)* o

h3 3cor - S3co- 5 ha ar3, by their nature, 3co-oca))*ar-a)3 a- (-3rr3r33-3.T%ese se&tors (re: (2or,pe(s(nt, 5s%er'o1, )r2(n poor, indi$eno)s &)t)r( &o**)nities,%(ndi&(pped, veter(ns, overse(s 4or1ers, (nd ot%er si*i(r se&tors. Forh33 3cor, a aor* o h3 3>3r o h3 3cora) ar* (>3)o- o h3 ar-a)3 a- (-3rr3r33-3. Th3 -o-33o h3 3cora) ar* 3h3r ( >3)o- o h3 3cor, or ( ha43a racH r3cor o a4ocac* or h3 3cor r3r33-3.Beon$in$ tot%e *(r$in(ied (nd )nderrepresented se&tor does not *e(n one *)st4(o4 in povert!, destit)tion or in5r*it!. It is s)&ient t%(t one, or %is or%er se&tor, is 2eo4 t%e *idde &(ss. "ore spe&i5&(!, t%e e&ono*i&(!

*(r$in(ied (nd )nderrepresented (re t%ose 4%o '( in t%e o4 in&o*e$ro)p (s &(ssi5ed 2! t%e N(tion( St(tisti&( Coordin(tion Bo(rd.7?

T%e re&o$nition t%(t n(tion( (nd re$ion( p(rties, (s 4e (s se&tor( p(rtieso' pro'ession(s, t%e eder!, 4o*en (nd t%e !o)t%, need not 2e*(r$in(ied (nd )nderrepresented 4i (o4 s*( ideoo$!=2(sed (nd&()se=oriented p(rties 4%o (&1 4e=de5ned poiti&( &onstit)en&ies (&%(n&e to 4in se(ts in t%e Ho)se o' Represent(tives. On t%e ot%er %(nd,

TAN


28/37


i*itin$ to t%e *(r$in(ied (nd )nderrepresented t%e 3cora)p(rties 'or(2or, pe(s(nt, 5s%er'o1, )r2(n poor, indi$eno)s &)t)r( &o**)nities,%(ndi&(pped, veter(ns, overse(s 4or1ers, (nd ot%er se&tors t%(t 2! t%eirn(t)re (re e&ono*i&(! (t t%e *(r$ins o' so&iet!, 4i $ive t%e *(r$in(ied(nd )nderrepresented (n opport)nit! to i1e4ise 4in se(ts in t%e Ho)se o'

Represent(tives.

T%is interpret(tion 4i %(r*onie t%e +@?- Constit)tion (nd R.A. No. -@>+(nd 4i $ive rise to ( *)ti=p(rt! s!ste* 4%ere t%ose *(r$in(ied (nd)nderrepresented, both in economic and ideological status, 4i %(vet%e opport)nit! to send t%eir o4n *e*2ers to t%e Ho)se o' Represent(tives.T%is interpret(tion 4i (so *(1e t%e p(rt!=ist s!ste* %onest (ndtr(nsp(rent, ei*in(tin$ t%e need 'or re(tive! 4e=o p(rt!=istrepresent(tives to *(s0)er(de (s 4(o4in$ in povert!, destit)tion (ndin5r*it!, even (s t%e! (ttend sessions in Con$ress ridin$ in S;s.

T%e *(#or poiti&( p(rties (re t%ose t%(t 5ed &(ndid(tes in t%e e$is(tivedistri&t ee&tions. "(#or poiti&( p(rties &(nnot p(rti&ip(te in t%e p(rt!=istee&tions sin&e t%e! neit%er (&1 4e=de5ned poiti&( &onstit)en&ies norrepresent *(r$in(ied (nd )nderrepresented se&tors. Th(, h3 -ao-a)or r3o-a) ar3 (-3r h3 ar*) *3 ar3 -3c3ar)* ho3ha o -o >3)o- o aor o)ca) ar3.T%is ()to*(ti&(!reserves t%e n(tion( (nd re$ion( p(rties )nder t%e p(rt!=ist s!ste* tot%ose 4%o (&1 4e=de5ned poiti&( &onstit)en&ies, $ivin$ t%e* t%eopport)nit! to %(ve *e*2ers in t%e Ho)se o' Represent(tives.

G.R. No. 160869 Ma* 11, 2007

AASJS ;A'=OCATES AN' A'&ERENTS OF SOCIAL J$STICE FOR

SC&OOL TEAC&ERS AN' ALLIE' %ORERS< MEM+ER &ECTOR

G$MANGAN CALIL$NG, Petitioner,

vs.

T&E &ONORA+LE SIMEON 'AT$MANONG, - h o/ca) caac* a

h3 S3cr3ar* o J(c3,Respondent

FACTS!

Petitioner pr(!s t%(t ( 4rit o' pro%i2ition 2e iss)ed to stop respondent 'ro*i*pe*entin$ Rep)2i& A&t No. @7, entited An Act $a(ing the -iti!enship

of hilippine -iti!ens ho Acquire ,oreign -iti!enship ermanent% Amending

for the urpose -ommonwealth Act o' +3% As Amended% and for Other

urposes' Petitioner (vers t%(t Rep. A&t No. @7 is )n&onstit)tion( (s it

vio(tes Se&tion 7, Arti&e I; o' t%e +@?- Constit)tion t%(t st(tes, D)(

TAN


29/37


(e$i(n&e o' &itiens is ini*i&( to t%e n(tion( interest (nd s%( 2e de(t

4it% 2! (4.

ISS$E!

Is Rep. A&t No. @7 )n&onstit)tion(

&EL'!

YES.

T%(t t%e intent o' t%e e$is(t)re in dr('tin$ Rep. A&t No. @7 is to do (4(!

4it% t%e provision in Co**on4e(t% A&t No. /74%i&% t(1es (4(! P%iippine

&itiens%ip 'ro* n(t)r(=2orn Fiipinos 4%o 2e&o*e n(t)r(ied &itiens o'

ot%er &o)ntries. W%(t Rep. A&t No. @7 does is (o4 d)( &itiens%ip to

n(t)r(=2orn Fiipino &itiens 4%o %(ve ost P%iippine &itiens%ip 2! re(son o'

t%eir n(t)r(i(tion (s &itiens o' ( 'orei$n &o)ntr!.

On its '(&e, it does not re&o$nie d)( (e$i(n&e. B! s4e(rin$ to t%e

s)pre*e ()t%orit! o' t%e Rep)2i&, t%e person i*pi&it! reno)n&es %is

'orei$n &itiens%ip. P(in!, 'ro* Se&tion , Rep. A&t No. @7 st(!ed &e(r

o)t o' t%e pro2e* o' d)( (e$i(n&e (nd s%i'ted t%e 2)rden o' &on'rontin$

t%e iss)e o' 4%et%er or not t%ere is d)( (e$i(n&e to t%e &on&erned 'orei$n&o)ntr!. W%(t %(ppens to t%e ot%er &itiens%ip 4(s not *(de ( &on&ern o'

Rep. A&t No. @7.

G.R. No. 1956#9 Ar) 16, 201"

CASAN MACO'E MA?$ILING, Petitioner,

vs.

COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, ROMMEL ARNA'O * CAGOCO, LINOG G.

+AL$A, Respondents.

FACTS!

Respondent Arn(do is ( n(t)r( 2orn Fiipino &itien.Ho4ever, (s (

&onse0)en&e o' %is s)2se0)ent n(t)r(i(tion (s ( &itien o' t%e nited

St(tes o' A*eri&(, %e ost %is Fiipino &itiens%ip. Arn(do (ppied 'or

rep(tri(tion )nder Rep)2i& A&t 6R.A.8 No. @7 2e'ore t%e Cons)(te Gener(

TAN


30/37


o' t%e P%iippines in S(n Fr(n&iso, SA (nd too1 t%e O(t% o' Ae$i(n&e to t%e

Rep)2i& o' t%e P%iippines on +K 9)! KK?.>On t%e s(*e d(! (n Order o'

Approv( o' %is Citiens%ip Retention (nd Re=(&0)isition 4(s iss)ed in %is

'(vor.7

On ? Apri K+K, respondent Lino$ C. B()( 6B()(8, (not%er *(!or(t!

&(ndid(te, 5ed ( petition to dis0)(i'! Arn(do (ndor to &(n&e %is &erti5&(te

o' &(ndid(&! 'or *)ni&ip( *(!or o' ()s4($(n, L(n(o de Norte in

&onne&tion 4it% t%e +K "(! K+K o&( (nd n(tion( ee&tions.@

Respondent B()( &ontended t%(t Arn(do is not ( resident o' ()s4($(n,

L(n(o de Norte (nd t%(t %e is ( 'orei$ner, (tt(&%in$ t%ereto ( &erti5&(tion

iss)ed 2! t%e B)re() o' I**i$r(tion d(ted Apri K+K indi&(tin$ t%e

n(tion(it! o' Arn(do (s SA=A*eri&(n.+KTo ')rt%er 2oster %is &(i* o'

Arn(dos S &itiens%ip, B()( presented in %is "e*or(nd)* ( &o*p)ter=$ener(ted tr(ve re&ord++d(ted K De&e*2er KK@ indi&(tin$ t%(t Arn(do

%(s 2een )sin$ %is S P(ssport No. K7--?-KK in enterin$ (nd dep(rtin$ t%e

P%iippines.

On K Apri K+K, t%e CO"ELEC 6First Division8 iss)ed (n Order +re0)irin$

t%e respondent to person(! 5e %is (ns4er (nd *e*or(nd)* 4it%in t%ree

68 d(!s 'ro* re&eipt t%ereo'.

A'ter Arn(do '(ied to (ns4er t%e petition, B()( *oved to de&(re %i* in

de'()t (nd to present eviden&e e3=p(rte.

Neit%er *otion 4(s (&ted )pon, %(vin$ 2een overt(1en 2! t%e K+K

ee&tions 4%ere Arn(do $(rnered t%e %i$%est n)*2er o' votes (nd 4(s

s)2se0)ent! pro&(i*ed (s t%e 4innin$ &(ndid(te 'or "(!or o' ()s4($(n,

L(n(o de Norte.

ISS$ES!

A. O an intervention of a rival candidate in adisquali"cation case is proper when

there has not #et been an#

proclamation of the winner'

B. WON The use of foreign passport after renouncing one4s foreign

citi!enship is a positive and voluntar# act of representation as to one4s

TAN


31/37


nationalit# and citi!enship5 O it divests ,ilipino citi!enship regained

b# repatriation 'C. WON $aquiling is a second)placer as

he obtained the highest number of

votes from among the quali"ed

candidates'

&EL'!

a. YES.

It *)st 2e e*p%(sied t%(t 4%ie t%e ori$in( petition 2e'ore t%e CO"ELEC is

one 'or &(n&e(tion o' t%e &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&! (nd or dis0)(i5&(tion,

t%e CO"ELEC First Division (nd t%e CO"ELEC En B(n& &orre&t! tre(ted t%epetition (s one 'or dis0)(i5&(tion.

T%e ee&t o' ( dis0)(i5&(tion &(se is en)n&i(ted in Se&tion / o' R.A. No.

//>/:

Se&. /.Ee&t o' Dis0)(i5&(tion C(se. = An! &(ndid(te 4%o %(s 2een de&(red

2! 5n( #)d$*ent to 2e dis0)(i5ed s%( not 2e voted 'or, (nd t%e votes &(st

'or %i* s%( not 2e &o)nted. I' 'or (n! re(son ( &(ndid(te is not de&(red 2!

5n( #)d$*ent 2e'ore (n ee&tion to 2e dis0)(i5ed (nd %e is voted 'or (nd

re&eives t%e 4innin$ n)*2er o' votes in s)&% ee&tion, t%e Co)rt or

Co**ission s%( &ontin)e 4it% t%e tri( (nd %e(rin$ o' t%e (&tion, in0)ir!, or

protest (nd, )pon *otion o' t%e &o*p(in(nt or (n! intervenor, *(! d)rin$

t%e penden&! t%ereo' order t%e s)spension o' t%e pro&(*(tion o' s)&%

&(ndid(te 4%enever t%e eviden&e o' %is $)it is stron$.

"er&(do v. "(n(no?

&(ri5ed t%e ri$%t o' intervention in ( dis0)(i5&(tion &(se. In t%(t &(se, t%e

Co)rt s(id:

T%(t petitioner %(d ( ri$%t to intervene (t t%(t st($e o' t%e pro&eedin$s 'or

t%e dis0)(i5&(tion ($(inst priv(te respondent is &e(r 'ro* Se&tion / o' R.A.

No. //>/, ot%er4ise 1no4n (s t%e Ee&tor( Re'or*s L(4 o' +@?-, 4%i&%

provides: An! &(ndid(te 4%o %(s 2een de&(red 2! 5n( #)d$*ent to 2e

dis0)(i5ed s%( not 2e voted 'or, (nd t%e votes &(st 'or %i* s%( not 2e

TAN


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&o)nted. I' 'or (n! re(son ( &(ndid(te is not de&(red 2! 5n( #)d$*ent

2e'ore (n ee&tion to 2e dis0)(i5ed (nd %e is voted 'or (nd re&eives t%e

4innin$ n)*2er o' votes in s)&% ee&tion, t%e Co)rt or Co**ission s%(

&ontin)e 4it% t%e tri( (nd %e(rin$ o' t%e (&tion, in0)ir!, or protest (nd, )pon

*otion o' t%e &o*p(in(nt or (n! intervenor, *(! d)rin$ t%e penden&!

t%ereo' order t%e s)spension o' t%e pro&(*(tion o' s)&% &(ndid(te

4%enever t%e eviden&e o' $)it is stron$. nder t%is provision, intervention

*(! 2e (o4ed in pro&eedin$s 'or dis0)(i5&(tion even ('ter ee&tion i' t%ere

%(s !et 2een no 5n( #)d$*ent rendered.@

Ce(r! t%en, "(0)iin$ %(s t%e ri$%t to intervene in t%e &(se. T%e '(&t t%(t

t%e CO"ELEC En B(n& %(s (re(d! r)ed t%(t "(0)iin$ %(s not s%o4n t%(t

t%e re0)isites 'or t%e e3e*ption to t%e se&ond=p(&er r)e set 'ort% in Sins)(t

v. CO"ELECK(re present (nd t%ere'ore 4o)d not 2e pre#)di&ed 2! t%e

o)t&o*e o' t%e &(se, does not deprive "(0)iin$ o' t%e ri$%t to eev(te t%e*(tter 2e'ore t%is Co)rt.

Arn(dos &(i* t%(t t%e *(in &(se %(s (tt(ined 5n(it! (s t%e ori$in(

petitioner (nd respondents t%erein %(ve not (ppe(ed t%e de&ision o' t%e

CO"ELEC En B(n&, &(nnot 2e s)st(ined. T%e eev(tion o' t%e &(se 2! t%e

intervenor prevents it 'ro* (tt(inin$ 5n(it!. It is on! ('ter t%is Co)rt %(s

r)ed )pon t%e iss)es r(ised in t%is inst(nt petition t%(t t%e dis0)(i5&(tion

&(se ori$in(! 5ed 2! B()( ($(inst Arn(do 4i (tt(in 5n(it!.

>. Y3

B! reno)n&in$ %is 'orei$n &itiens%ip, %e 4(s dee*ed to 2e soe! ( Fiipino

&itien, re$(rdess o' t%e ee&t o' s)&% ren)n&i(tion )nder t%e (4s o' t%e

'orei$n &o)ntr!.

Ho4ever, t%is e$( pres)*ption does not oper(te per*(nent! (nd is open

to (tt(&1 4%en, ('ter reno)n&in$ t%e 'orei$n &itiens%ip, t%e &itien per'or*s

positive (&ts s%o4in$ %is &ontin)ed possession o' ( 'orei$n &itiens%ip.

Arn(do %i*se' s)2#e&ted t%e iss)e o' %is &itiens%ip to (tt(&1 4%en, ('ter

reno)n&in$ %is 'orei$n &itiens%ip, %e &ontin)ed to )se %is S p(ssport to

tr(ve in (nd o)t o' t%e &o)ntr! 2e'ore 5in$ %is &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&! on K

Nove*2er KK@. T%e pivot( 0)estion to deter*ine is 4%et%er %e 4(s soe!

(nd e3&)sive! ( Fiipino &itien (t t%e ti*e %e 5ed %is &erti5&(te o'

&(ndid(&!, t%ere2! renderin$ %i* ei$i2e to r)n 'or p)2i& o&e.

TAN


33/37


Bet4een K Apri KK@, t%e d(te %e reno)n&ed %is 'orei$n &itiens%ip, (nd K

Nove*2er KK@, t%e d(te %e 5ed %is COC, %e )sed %is S p(ssport 'o)r

ti*es, (&tions t%(t r)n &o)nter to t%e (d(vit o' ren)n&i(tion %e %(d e(rier

e3e&)ted. B! )sin$ %is 'orei$n p(ssport, Arn(do positive! (nd vo)nt(ri!

represented %i*se' (s (n A*eri&(n, in ee&t de&(rin$ 2e'ore i**i$r(tion

()t%orities o' 2ot% &o)ntries t%(t %e is (n A*eri&(n &itien, 4it% ( (ttend(nt

ri$%ts (nd privie$es $r(nted 2! t%e nited St(tes o' A*eri&(.

T%e ren)n&i(tion o' 'orei$n &itiens%ip is not ( %oo4 o(t% t%(t &(n si*p! 2e

pro'essed (t (n! ti*e, on! to 2e vio(ted t%e ne3t d(!. It re0)ires (n

(2so)te (nd perpet)( ren)n&i(tion o' t%e 'orei$n &itiens%ip (nd ( ')

divest*ent o' ( &ivi (nd poiti&( ri$%ts $r(nted 2! t%e 'orei$n &o)ntr!

4%i&% $r(nted t%e &itiens%ip.

&. He is not ( se&ond p(&er.

Wit% Arn(dos dis0)(i5&(tion, "(0)iin$ t%en 2e&o*es t%e 4inner in t%e

ee&tion (s %e o2t(ined t%e %i$%est n)*2er o' votes 'ro* (*on$ t%e

0)(i5ed &(ndid(tes.

We %(ve r)ed in t%e re&ent &(ses o' Ar(te( v. CO"ELEC7>(nd 9(os#os v.

CO"ELEC77t%(t ( void COC &(nnot prod)&e (n! e$( ee&t.

T%)s, t%e votes &(st in '(vor o' t%e inei$i2e &(ndid(te (re not &onsidered (t

( in deter*inin$ t%e 4inner o' (n ee&tion.

Even 4%en t%e votes 'or t%e inei$i2e &(ndid(te (re disre$(rded, t%e 4i o'

t%e ee&tor(te is sti respe&ted, (nd even *ore so. T%e votes &(st in '(vor o'

(n inei$i2e &(ndid(te do not &onstit)te t%e soe (nd tot( e3pression o' t%e

soverei$n voi&e. T%e votes &(st in '(vor o' ei$i2e (nd e$iti*(te &(ndid(tes

'or* p(rt o' t%(t voi&e (nd *)st (so 2e respe&ted.

As in (n! &ontest, ee&tions (re $overned 2! r)es t%(t deter*ine t%e0)(i5&(tions (nd dis0)(i5&(tions o' t%ose 4%o (re (o4ed to p(rti&ip(te (s

p(!ers. W%en t%ere (re p(rti&ip(nts 4%o t)rn o)t to 2e inei$i2e, t%eir

vi&tor! is voided (nd t%e ()re is (4(rded to t%e ne3t in r(n1 4%o does not

possess (n! o' t%e dis0)(i5&(tions nor (&1s (n! o' t%e 0)(i5&(tions set in

t%e r)es to 2e ei$i2e (s &(ndid(tes.

TAN


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CA+ALLERO =S COMELEC G.R. NO. 2098"5

FACTS!

T%e Co*ee& &(n&eed C(2(eros &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&! 6COC8 on "(! ,

K+, or +K d(!s 2e'ore t%e K+ *idter* ee&tions.

W%ie %e reno)n&ed %is C(n(di(n &itiens%ip (nd too1 t%e O(t% o' Ae$i(n&e

to t%e P%iippines, t%e Co*ee& 'o)nd t%(t %e 4(s )n(2e to re=est(2is% %is

do*i&ie o' ori$inU in !)$(n ( re0)ire*ent to 2e ei$i2e to r)n 'or

ee&tive o&e.

He sti 4on, %o4ever, ($(inst 9on(t%(n N(n)d (nd 4(s t%e 5rst pro&(i*ed

*(!or on "(! +>, K+. He (s1ed t%e Co*ee& to re&onsider t%e

&(n&e(tion o' %is COC on "(! +/, K+, 2)t, on t%e ne3t d(!, %is opponent

N(n)d 5ed ( petition to (nn) %is pro&(*(tion.

T%e Co*ee& denied C(2(eros petition on Nove*2er /, K+, ('ter 4%i&%

%e 2ro)$%t t%e &(se to t%e SC.

ISS$ES!

W%et%er or not CO"ELEC &o**itted $r(ve (2)se o' dis&retion is &(n&ein$

petitioners COC.

&EL'!

NO.

T%e &o)rt (r$)ed t%(t t%e period 'ro* Septe*2er +, K+ 4%en C(2(ero

re=(&0)ired %is Fiipino &itiens%ip to "(! +, K+ 4(s even ess t%(n t%e

one=!e(r residen&! re0)ired 2! (4.

T%e &o)rt (so did not ($ree 4it% C(2(ero, 4%o &(i*ed t%(t %is @=*ont%

(&t)( st(! in !)$(n 4(s s)2st(nti(! &o*pi(nt 4it% t%e residen&!

re0)ire*ent.

He even &(i*ed t%(t t%e re0)ire*ent is not stri&t! 2(sed on t%e period o'

residen&e in t%e p(&e 4%ere %e is see1in$ (n ee&tive o&e, 2)t 2(sed on

%o4 '(*ii(r %e is 4it% t%e needs o' %is &onstit)ents.

TAN


35/37


T%e Co*ee& 'o)nd t%(t petitioner '(ied to present &o*petent eviden&e to

prove t%(t %e 4(s (2e to reest(2is% %is residen&e in !)$(n 4it%in ( period

o' one !e(r i**edi(te! pre&edin$ t%e "(! +, K+ ee&tions, t%e SC s(id

in its de&ision.

G.R. No. 195229 Oco>3r 9, 2012

EFREN RACEL ARA TEA,Petitioner,

vs.

COMMISSON ON ELECTIONS a- ESTELA '. ANT)OLO,Respondents.

FACTS!

Ro*eo D. Lon(nid( 6Lon(nid(8 (nd Este( D. Antipoo 6Antipoo8 4ere

&(ndid(tes 'or "(!or o' S(n Antonio, Y(*2(es in t%e "(! K+K N(tion( (nd

Lo&( Ee&tions. Lon(nid( 5ed %is &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&! on + De&e*2erKK@.>

On ? De&e*2er KK@, Dr(. Si$rid S. Rodo'o 6Rodo'o8 5ed ( petition )nder

Se&tion -? o' t%e O*ni2)s Ee&tion Code to dis0)(i'! Lon(nid( (nd to den!

d)e &o)rse or to &(n&e Lon(nid(s &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&! on t%e $ro)nd

t%(t Lon(nid( 4(s ee&ted, (nd %(d served, (s *(!or o' S(n Antonio,

Y(*2(es 'or 'o)r 6>8 &onse&)tive ter*s i**edi(te! prior to t%e ter* 'or

t%e "(! K+K ee&tions.

Rodo'o (sserted t%(t Lon(nid( *(de ( '(se *(teri( represent(tion in %is

&erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&! 4%en Lon(nid( &erti5ed )nder o(t% t%(t %e 4(s

ei$i2e 'or t%e o&e %e so)$%t ee&tion. Se&tion ?, Arti&e o' t%e +@?-

Constit)tion7(nd Se&tion >628 o' t%e Lo&( Govern*ent Code/2ot% pro%i2it

( o&( ee&tive o&i( 'ro* 2ein$ ee&ted (nd servin$ 'or *ore t%(n t%ree

&onse&)tive ter*s 'or t%e s(*e position.

T%e CO"ELEC Se&ond Division rendered ( Reso)tion-on +? Fe2r)(r! K+K

&(n&ein$ Lon(nid(s &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&!. Pertinent portions o' t%e +?

Fe2r)(r! K+K Reso)tion re(d:

ISS$ES!

W%et%er Lon(nid( 4(s dis0)(i5ed )nder Se&tion /? o' t%e O*ni2)s

Ee&tion Code, or *(de ( '(se *(teri( represent(tion )nder Se&tion -? o'

TAN


36/37


t%e s(*e Code ha r3()3 - h c3rca3 o ca-ac* >3-

4o ab initio, is deter*in(tive o' 4%et%er Ar(te( or Antipoo is t%e ri$%t')

o&&)p(nt to t%e O&e o' t%e "(!or o' S(n Antonio, Y(*2(es.

&EL'!

YES.

We %od t%(t Antipoo, t%e (e$ed se&ond p(&er, s%o)d 2e pro&(i*ed

"(!or 2e&()se Lon(nid(s &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&! 4(s void ab initio. In

s%ort, Lon(nid( 4(s never ( &(ndid(te (t (. A votes 'or Lon(nid( 4ere

str(! votes. T%)s, Antipoo, t%e on! 0)(i5ed &(ndid(te, (&t)(! $(rnered

t%e %i$%est n)*2er o' votes 'or t%e position o' "(!or.

Lon(nid(Qs &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&! 4(s &(n&eed 2e&()se %e 4(s inei$i2e

or not 0)(i5ed to r)n 'or "(!or.67wphi6W%et%er %is &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&!

is &(n&eed 2e'ore or ('ter t%e ee&tions is i**(teri( 2e&()se t%e

&(n&e(tion on s)&% $ro)nd *e(ns %e 4(s never ( &(ndid(te 'ro* t%e ver!

2e$innin$, %is &erti5&(te o' &(ndid(&! 2ein$ void ab initio'T%ere 4(s on!

one 0)(i5ed &(ndid(te 'or "(!or in t%e "(! K+ K ee&tions = Anti poo, 4%o

t%ere'ore re&eived t%e %i$%est n)*2er o' votes.

G.R. No. 1#90"6 Ar) 2, 2002

MA. J. ANGELINA G. MATI+AG,petitioner,

vs.

ALFRE'O L. +ENIAYO, RES$RRECCION :. +ORRA, FLORENTINO A.

T$ASON, JR., =ELMA J. CINCO, a- GI'EON C. 'E G$:MAN - h

caac* a O/c3rI-Char3, F-a-c3 S3r4c3 '3ar3- o h3

Coo- o- E)3co-,respondents.

FACTS!

"(ri( 9. An$ein( G. "(ti2($ 0)estions t%e &onstit)tion(it! o' t%e

(ppoint*ent 2! President Arro!o o' Benip(!o 6C%(ir*(n o' t%e Co**ission

on Ee&tions8, (nd Bor( (nd T)(son 6CO"ELEC Co**issioners8. S%e0)estions t%e e$(it! o' (ppoint*ent 2! Benip(!o o' ;e*( 9. Cin&o (s

Dire&tor I; o' t%e Co*ee&s EID (nd re(ssi$nin$ %er to t%e L(4 dep(rt*ent.

ISS$ES!

TAN


37/37


WON Ad interi* (ppoint*ents o' Benip(!o, Bor( (nd T)(son vio(ted t%e

&onstit)tion( provisions on t%e independen&e o' t%e CO"ELEC

&EL'!

NO.

T%e ad interim(ppoint*ents (nd s)2se0)ent rene4(s o' (ppoint*ents o'

Benip(!o, Borr( (nd T)(son do not vio(te t%e pro%i2ition on re(ppoint*ents

2e&()se t%ere 4ere no previo)s (ppoint*ents t%(t 4ere &on5r*ed 2! t%e

Co**ission on Appoint*ents. A re(ppoint*ent pres)pposes ( previo)s

&on5r*ed (ppoint*ent. T%e s(*ead interim(ppoint*ents (nd rene4(s o'

(ppoint*ents 4i (so not 2re(&% t%e seven=!e(r ter* i*it 2e&()se all the

appointments and renewals of appointments of Benipa#o% Borra and Tuason

are for a "ed term epiring on ,ebruar# 2% 2008.

/

An! de(! in t%eir&on5r*(tion 4i not e3tend t%e e3pir! d(te o' t%eir ter*s o' o&e.

Conse0)ent!, t%ere is no d(n$er 4%(tsoever t%(t t%e rene4( o' t%e ad

interim(ppoint*ents o' t%ese t%ree respondents 4i res)t in (n! o' t%e

evis intended to 2e e3or&ised 2! t%e t4in pro%i2itions in t%e Constit)tion.

T%e &ontin)in$ rene4( o' t%e ad interim(ppoint*ent o' t%ese t%ree

respondents, 'or so on$ (s t%eir ter*s o' o&e e3pire on Fe2r)(r! , KK?,

does not vio(te t%e pro%i2ition on re(ppoint*ents in Se&tion + 68, Arti&e I=

C o' t%e Constit)tion.

t%e pro%i2ition on re(ppoint*ent is intended to ins)re t%(t t%ere 4i 2e nore(ppoint*ent o' (n! 1ind. On t%e ot%er %(nd, t%e pro%i2ition on te*por(r!

or (&tin$ (ppoint*ents is intended to prevent (n! &ir&)*vention o' t%e

pro%i2ition on re(ppoint*ent t%(t *(! res)t in (n (ppointees tot( ter* o'

o&e e3&eedin$ seven !e(rs. T%e evis so)$%t to 2e (voided 2! t%e t4in

pro%i2itions (re ver! spe&i5& = re(ppoint*ent o' (n! 1ind (nd e3&eedin$

ones ter* in o&e 2e!ond t%e *(3i*)* period o' seven !e(rs.
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