Case Studies in Energy Independence
2013 TAUD March 14, 2013
David Wrightsman, P.E.Energy Systems Group
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Agenda
• So What?• WEF Roadmap• The Path• Examples• Wrap-up
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
So What?
A. Economics– Need to control rate increases– Uncertain future electric prices
B. Communities need environmental leaders– Demonstrate tangible examples
C. Move thinking from disposal to recovery– Find other sources of revenue– Challenge accepted thoughts
Why should I care about this?Why should I do something different?
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
WEF Roadmap
1. Strategic Management 2. Organizational Culture3. Communication and Outreach 4. Demand Side Management5. Energy Generation 6. Innovating for the Future
Roadmap Webcast: http://www.wef.org/Conferences/page_webcasts_details.aspx?id=12884902061http://www.wef.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=12884902042&libID=12884902042
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
The Roadmap
Levels- Enabling
- Integrating- Optimizing
1 – Strategic Management
2 – Organizational
Culture
3 – Communication
Outreach
4 – Demand Side
Management
5 – Energy Generation
6 – Innovating for the Future
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
The Path
1 - Operational
2 - DSM
3 - Generation
Energy sustainability is achieved through a combination of advancements in technical and organizational aspects of a utility.
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
The 3 C’s of Technology Adoption
Crazy Cool Conventional
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
The Challenge of Optimization
What we want
What is efficient
What we have
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
First Steps
A. Complete energy baselineB. Do an energy auditC. Develop list of energy conservation measuresD. Prioritize list
i. At the end of their useful lifeii. Inefficient as compared to current techiii. Expensive maintenance
E. Implement
1
Benchmark
• Benchmark– Compare to
other similar plants
– Look at:• Kwh/mgd• Kwh/pounds
of BOD
0500
1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,500
Lagoon TricklingFilter
ActivatedSludge
OxidationDitch
kWh
/ MG
EPRI CEC Report CR-104300, July, 1994, Figure 3-1
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Plan
DoCheck
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
How to Prioritize
Complexity
Simple Payback
#1 - Simple, fast payback
Self Perform
#2 - Complex, fast payback
Get Help
#3 - Simple, long payback
Planned replacement
#4 - Complex, Long payback
Do last
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Lo cost/No Cost
• Examples:– Timers on light switches, blowers– Why that dose of chemicals?– Rate analysis, other fees– Talk to your electric utility (transformers, multiple
meters)– Measure, adjust - repeat– Collaborate
1
Use fresh eyes.
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Demand Side Management
Funding for DSM Projects?A. Utility rebates
A. (insert TVA details?)
B. Federal grant programsC. Annual appropriationsD. Energy Savings Performance ContractsE. Public Private Agreements (PPA)
2
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
What is it?
• Performance contracting is alternative procurement that offers– Capital improvements without rate
increases– Collaborative development– Guaranteed results
2
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Who does what?
• One party providing all engineering and construction including financing
• Intent is to improve infrastructure to improve energy efficiency while reducing operating costs
• Guaranteedo Savings, Performance, Price.
• Savings offset costso Energy & Operational
• Qualification Based Selection
2
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Tennessee LegislationEnergy Savings Performance Contracts
• Tennessee (no specific legislation)
§12-4-115. Energy-related services
§12-4-106 Contracts for Professional Services• Treated as a professional service• Use Request for Qualifications (RFQ)
2
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Performance Contract
Construction Start Up
Design60% –> 90%
RFQ
Contract - ESCO(Project Development)
Project Scope Development(30% Design)
Contract - ESCO(Energy Performance Contract)
Final Price
0 months
12 months
24 months
36 months
48 months
2
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
$520,000$540,000$560,000$580,000$600,000$620,000$640,000
After 6 Years
GuaranteeActual
City of Winchester, Indiana
• Fine bubble diffusers• Variable Speed PD Blowers• DO Control• $0.9M project• 12 year payback
2 MGD Wastewater Plant
2
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Washington Suburban Sanitary DistrictPotomoc, MD
• Rebuild (6) 50 MGD Raw water pump
• Recondition (6) 2000 hp motors
• Metering for 25 smaller pumps• $6.3M Project• 8 year payback
285 MGD Water Filtration Plant
2
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Energy Baseline Study For Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants, September 2006 (Base Energy Inc)
Technology (99 plant sample size)
# of Plants
Percentage
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) 60 61 %
VFD Applications
Pumps 55 56 %Blowers 12 12 %Compressors 3 3 %Other 13 13 %
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Sensors 29 29 %Advanced Instrumentation/ SCADA systems
47 47 %
High Efficiency Lighting 32 32 %Solar Aerators or Mixers 4 4 %High Efficiency Blowers 13 13 %Variable Intensity or UV Lamps 4 4 %Pipe Internal Friction Reducing Coating 9 9 %Screw Press for Sludge Dewatering 3 3 %Centrifuge for Sludge Dewatering 12 12 %Other 11 11 %
2
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Energy Generation
Digester Gas?
SolarWindHydro
Produce Electricity
?
RemoveCO2?
Direct Burn Boiler
EngineTurbineFuel Cell
Sterling Engine
Pipeline InjectionVehicle (CNG or LNG)
NO
NO NO
YES
YES YES
Energy Generation Decision Tree
Other Considerations:• Regulatory• Interconnection• Utility Rates• Co-digestion• Site
3
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Electrical Generation
• What is the relative cost of power?
3
Coal Solar Wind CHP - Nat Gas Biogas0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
$/kW
h
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Frederick Winchester Sanitary Agency Winchester, VA
• Anaerobic Digesters• Turbo Blowers• New Biosolids Dewatering• Co-digestion – Industrial
organic waste
$35 Million dollar project
20 MGD Wastewater
3
biosolids HSWDigester
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
3 New Primary Switchgear
New blowers & Dewatering
New aeration & controls
New Lighting, HVAC, Controls & Water Treatment
New chemical automation
New sludge storage mixing
New digesters, receiving stations, CHP Plant
Sludge storage mixing
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Frederick Winchester Service Authority3Combined Heater & Power, Anaerobic Digesters
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Collaboration
Engineer
Contractor
OperatorsVendors
Administration
3
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Strategic Energy Master Plan
Supply Utilization
Information
Alternatives
Utilities Projects Programs Financing
GasElectric
Water/Sewer
Asset Modernization
Energy Projects
AuditingModelingTraining
Outsourcing
GrantsLeasesProject
FinancingESPC
Year 1 Electric tariff Change
Lighting Retrofit
Staff training on energy SCADA utilization System modeling
Self funding
Year 2 Natural gas open market
Biolsolids handling
Process optimization
Capital project for energy setup in rate
Year 3 Change primary voltage
Cogeneration Outside Engineering
Bond
Year 4 - Solar Energy Outside Engineering
Energy Grant
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Other ideas
• Data– Data gathering is labor intensive– How to automate it?
• Modeling– What if analysis– Simple spreadsheets
• Operator Training– Gap analysis– Energy conservation– Self-perform work
• Outsourcing– When to get help?
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Wrap-up
• Economics– Roadmap gives a step by step approach– Change is hard but necessary
• Environmental leaders– Collaborate
• Change thinking– Start small and build up
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Reference Info
• Energy Information Agency (Eia.gov)• WEF – Energy Conservation MOP• National Association of Energy Service
Companies - NAESCO
2013 TAUDGatlinburg, TN
Questions?
David Wrightsman, P.E.Energy Systems Group