COMPANY PROFILE Energy is important parameter in the overall economic development activity of any country. It has become synonymous with progress in all fields of activities. Its standard of living in the words of DAGLI is as follows it is said that the difference between a starving Indian peasant and a prosperous American farmer is that behind his elbow the India farmer has almost nothing while his American counterpart has thousands of hours power. This, it is energy, which is the dividing line between any substance economy and a highly developed economy. India is poor and American is rich because America consumes nearly 50 times as much energy as is consumed by India. Energy is at the heart of the modern industrial society. It could also be effective weapon in the battle against object poverty. There is a close correlation between energy consumption and level of economic development. Energy means “capacity of doing work”. There are various sources of energy but in India the important sources are coal, hydroelectricity. Oil and natural gas, nuclear fuels fire wood and animal wastes. Despites the development of various sources in the energy sector, the fact still remains that 1
Transcript
COMPANY PROFILE
Energy is important parameter in the overall economic development activity of any country. It has become synonymous with progress in all fields of activities. Its standard of living in the words of DAGLI is as follows it is said that the difference between a starving Indian peasant and a prosperous American farmer is that behind his elbow the India farmer has almost nothing while his American counterpart has thousands of hours power. This, it is energy, which is the dividing line between any substance economy and a highly developed economy. India is poor and American is rich because America consumes nearly 50 times as much energy as is consumed by India. Energy is at the heart of the modern industrial society. It could also be effective weapon in the battle against object poverty.
There is a close correlation between energy consumption and level of economic development. Energy means “capacity of doing work”. There are various sources of energy but in India the important sources are coal, hydroelectricity. Oil and natural gas, nuclear fuels fire wood and animal wastes. Despites the development of various sources in the energy sector, the fact still remains that low last energy sources like fire wood, cattle drug and vegetable wastes account for as much at 45 percent of energy consumption in the country.
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Power development in India began in 1897 when a 200KW hydro station was first commissioned at Darjeeling, in 1899 a first steam station was set up in Calcutta with a total of 100kw. There after, a series of hydro and steam power station were commissioned. But the power development was not in a systematic and planned manner in the country. Therefore, in order to achieve the objective of promoting the co-ordination development and rationalization of generation, transmission and distribution of electricity on a regional basis throughout the country in the most efficient and economic way the state electricity board (SEBs) was constituted in the various states of the country under the provisions of the electricity (supply) act 1948. These SEBs, were to enjoy the monopoly in respect of generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the country. After constitution of SEBs, there was phenomenal improvement in the development of installed capacity and power generation. The efficiency of working of power plant and their maintenance have been unsatisfactory as a result of which the power generating capacity already created could not have been fully utilized.
Power is the single factor, which changed the way of living. The National Thermal Power Corporation Limited, established on November 7th in 1975, has become the most important infrastructure input for improving the standard of living to meet the growing demand and to fulfill the needs of the country. Just in 29 years this company has grown to be the largest producer of power in the country. NTPC the NAVARATNA power giant today generates one fourth of the total power in the country and it is ranked 9th largest thermal power generating utility in the world.
Keeping the significance of power supply in sight, NTPC has been chosen for the purpose of the study as it has many units under its control. Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station (RSTPS) has been selected for the study.
BRIEF HISTORY OF NTPC:“Power” The single factor which changed the way in which man lived for
millions of years, has become the most important infrastructure input for improving the standard of living both directly as well as indirectly by way of contributing in the economic development to make available to the nation reliable & quality power in increasingly large quantities. NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LTD was formed in 1975; NTPC Ramagundam unit with approved capacity of 260MW and installed capacity of 21OOMW is the largest Thermal Power plant powering South India's growth. Ramagundam unit of NTPC credited with first ISP 14001 certified Super Thermal Power Station in our country.
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NTPC a front runner in the Indian Power sector in one of the larges & the best power utilities of the world, there by contributing of India's emergence as one of the world's leading economies. The World Bank, in its performance audit report on NTPC's projects observed that.
"NTPC record in plant construction, cost containment & operating efficiency has been exceptional, while as an institution it has broken new ground in Organization & Management, successfully navigated the transition from constructions to operating company & generally coped quite well with the problems of rapid expansion".
Two corporations The National Hydro Electric Power Corporation (NHPC) & National thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) were set in 1975 -76 in the center sector as a step to achieve the objectives. The company started functioning in March 1976 with the appointment of a chairman & Managing Director.
LOCATION: The 2100 MW Ramagundam Super Thermal Project is located in
Karimnagar District of Andhra Pradesh to the South of river Godavari. The project is linked to the south Godavari Coal field or the Singareni Collieries. NTPC ACTIVITIES: 1. Planning & Investigation of new sites, preparation of feasibility prospect
report & the designing as well as engineering of power station.2. NTPC also manages the 720 MW Badarpur Thermal Power Station in Delhi
& 270 MW BALCO Captive power plant (M.P)3. Operation & Maintenance of Power Stations.4. Research & development in area related to power generation5. NTPC also bagged a turnkey contract for the construction of21 Sub -
stations from Nepal electricity authority.6. The R &D using of NT PC has been instrumental in enhancing the reliability
of plant & equipment.
OBJECTIVES OF NTPC: To add generating capacity with in prescribed time & cost. To operate &
maintain power stations at high availability ensuring minimum cost of generation. It has planned massive growth to make itself a 40,000 MW company.
To maintain the financial soundness of the company by managing the financial operations in accordance with good commercial utility practices.
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To function as a responsible corporate citizen & discharge social responsibility, in respect of environment protection and rehabilitation. The corporation will strive to utilize the ash produced at its stations to the maximum extent possible through production of ash bricks, building materials etc.
To adopt appropriate human resources development policy leading to creation of team of motivated and competent power professionals. To introduce, assimilate & attain self sufficiency in technology, acquire expertise in utility mgt. Practices to disseminate knowledge essentially as a contribution to other constituents of the power sector in the country.
To develop R&D for achieving improved plant reliability To expand the consultancy operations & to participate in ventures abroad.
CORPORATE OBJECTIVES: To add generating capacity with in prescribed time & cost. To expand the constancy operations & to participate ventures aboard. To maintain the financial soundness of the company by m aging the
financial operations in accordance with good commercial utility. To operate and maintain power stations at high availability ensuring
minimum Cost of generation. To develop (R&D) for achieving improved plant reliability. To develop appropriate commercial policy leading to remunerative tariffs &
minimum receivables. Implement strategic diversification in the areas of R&M. Hydro. LNG and
Non conventional and eco-friendly fuels and explore new areas like transmission information technology etc.
Promote consultancy. Make prudent acquisitions. Continuously develop competent human
resources to match world standards. Be a responsible corporate citizen with thrust on environment protection
rehabilitation and ash utilization. VISION OF NTPC: ‘‘TO BE ONE OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST AND BEST POWER UTILITIES. POWER INDIA'S GROWTH’’
Initiative and speed total quality. Total Quality.
MISSION OF NTPC:Make available reliable, quality power in increasingly large quantities at
appropriate tariffs, and ensure timely realization of revenues. Speedily plan and implement power projects, with contemporary technologies.
DISTRIBUTION OF POWER OF NTPC RAMAGUNDAM
S.No State Distributed Percentage
Capacity (MW) (%)
1. Andhra Pradesh 580 27.619
2. Tamil Nadu 470 22.381
3. Karnataka 345 16.429
4. Kerala 245 11.667
5. Goa 100 4.762
6. Pondicherry 50 2.381
7. Unallocated 310 14.762
PERFORMANCES:NTPC stations & the NTPC manage Badarpur station has been accredited
with “ISO 14001” for sound environment management system & practices.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: NTPC recorded a provisional turnover of Rs.30000 crores during 2004-05 as
against Rs.25184 crores during 2003-04. The provisional net profit after tax for 2003-04 is Rs.4905 crores, as compared to Rs.5500 crores last year. The provisional Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) and Return on Net worth (RONW) are 12.31 % and 14.13% respectively for the year 2004-05. An interim dividend of Rs.400 Crores has been paid to the Government for 2003-04.
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The total out standings as on 31.10.2005 stood at Rs 26078.96 crores including a principal amount of Rs.16049.55 crores.
STATION HIGH LIGHTS: Record haulage of coal in single day of 78,720 MT on 29 June 1998 Asian
record. Station recorded highest loading factor of 99.4% for the yr 1999 2000 Continuous run or VI unit (500MW) for 406 days, third best in the world. Ramagundam 500MW unit-7 (stage-III) has successfully completed one
year of commercial operation on 25.03.06 without any tube leakage. The unit generated 3802.492 MUs @ a PLF of 86.81%. Considering the loss of generation of 297 MUs due to backing down, the deemed, PLF is 93.590/0. The unit also has achieved a continuous run of 97 days without tripping in the first year of operation itself.
Ramagundam station achieved 47.94% (18.63 LMT) of Ash utilization during the financial year against the target of 47% (18.20 LMT).
Ramagundam & Simhadri were recommended for commendation certificate for “storage commitment to Excel” by G1II.
Ramagundam bagged “Innovative safety practices” award for the year 2005 from institution of Engineers.
Ramagundam station bagged “Best Management award from Govt. of AI” fur the year 2004-05.
NTPC – Ramagundam bagged golden shied for the financial years 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03 and 2003-04 for outstanding performance in power generation.
Installed capacity of NTPC Projects:
Projects No. of Projects Commissioned Capacity
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(MW)NTPC OWNED 13 19,980COAL 07 3,955GAS/LIQ.FUELONED BY JVCsCOAL 3 314GRAND TOTAL
@ Capacity presently under implementation.Vindyachal 1000 MW
Unchahar 210 MWKahalgoan State IIPhase I 1500 MWPhase II 1000 MW
Gas Based Projects:14. Anta Rajasthan 41315. Auralya Uttar Pradesh 652
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16. Kawas Gujarat 64517. Dadri Uttar Pradesh 81718. Jahanor-Gandhar Gujarat 64819. Kayamkulam Kerala 35020. Faridabad Haryana 430 Total 24,249
Grand total (Coal + Gas + JV)Capacity Power station managed State Installed By NTPC (MW)21. Badarpur Delhi 705
Sterling Performance of 2005-06:-1. The company takes a new name “NTPC Limited” aligned to its new business
plans.2. The company market capitalization J11 crosses Rs. One trillion (Rs. 1,00,000
crore) and is one of the top three largest Indian companies in terms of market cap.
3. A highest ever generation of 170.88 BVs during 2005-06 registering an increase 017.40% over the generation of 159.11 BVs during 2004-05.
4. With 19.51% [including capacity of joint venture companies] share of the total installed capacity of the nation, NTPC contributed 27.68% electricity generated in the country during 2005-06.
5. Coal stations of NTPC achieved an operating availability of 89.95%.6. Coal stations of NTPC recorded a PLF of 87.54%, which is the highest for any
financial year since inception; Tilt PLF during previous year was 87.51%.7. 100% realization for the third year in succession.8. Provisional and un audited net sales of Rs. 2,59,928 million during the year
2005-06 as against Rs. 2,25,316 million for the year 2004-05. however, provisional and un audited Gross Revenue is Rs. 2,86,473 million during 2005-06 as against Rs. 2,55,460 million for the year 2004-05.
9. Provisional and un audited net profit after tax for the year 2005-06is Rs. 57,076 million a compared to Rs. 58, 070 million during the year 2004-05.
10. Total capacity added during the year four years of 10th plan period (2002-2006) increases to 4000 MW with another 500 MW getting added during the far company to 24,249 MW (including capacity of Joint venture companies).
11. Construction works on 9470 MW in progress.12. Further projects with capacity of 3720 MW under bidding process.13. Ratnagiri Gas and power supply Pvt Ltd formed \\ith NTPC having a stake of
28.33% for taking over and operating the Dabhol power project.
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14. The Government allots 7 mort’ coal mining blocks to NTPC for capacity use taking the total mines allotted to 8 with an expected output of 50 MT per annum.
15. A consortium comprising of NTPC and two other members allotted an exploration block in Arunachal Pradesh.
16. Capital expenditure incurred in 2005-06 on capital scheme was Rs. 71,879 million compared to Rs. 53,603 million in 2004-05 capital outlay for 2J0607 set at Rs. 1,13,250 million.
17. A USD 1 Bn medium Tern Note programme established. NTPC becomes the first Indian corporate since 1997 to make successful offering of 10 year fixed rate amounting to USD 300 million.
18. Standard & Poor’s have revised outlook on the rating of the company from stable to positive while affirming the ‘BB+’ issuer rating.
19. An interim divided o 20% for the financial year 2005-06 amounting to Rs. 16,491 million.
20. Government has assigned NTPC the consultant role to modernize and improve several plants across the country in the partnership ‘In Excellence’ program of the government.
21. Collaborating the government in the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojuna.
22. NTPC has also taken up Distribution Generation for rural electrification of remote villages through non-conventional energy sources.
23. Simhadri project receivers international project management award instituted by International project management Association (IMPA) NTPC is the only Asian Company that has received this award.
24. Ranked 3rd “Great Place to work for in India” by M/S Grow Talent and Business world 2005.
25. NTPC has achieved all the targets to be rated “Excellent” during 2005-06 for the nineteenth year since inception of the MOU system.
NTPC ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS: The organizations design is one of the main factors, which ultimately
determines the effectiveness of enterprises.
The board of directors is the supreme policy making body, which give the direction to the activities of the organization. The head of this board is the chairman & managing director who is also the full time chief executive of the company. The members of this board are both full-time directors as well as senior level officers.
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The basic divisions, which are accountable to CMD, Are:1. Technical and Engineering division.2. Corporate Commercial division.3. Operation Services division.4. Corporate Finance division.5. Corporate Human resources division.6. Corporate Projects Division.7. Vigilance division.
NTPC RAMAGUNDAM
The foundation stone for RSTPS was laid on 14-11-1978 by Sri. Morarji Dessai then Prime minister of India.
Ramagundam a vibrant 2600 MW station is a largest Thermal Power station in South India with three 200 MW & three MW and 1500 sets and also one of the largest in the country. Its emergency has put the Southern States one step ahead in their effort to meet their power requirement.
Third in the series super Thermal Power Station set up by NTPC Ramagundam. It is situated in the interiors of Andhra Pradesh on the banks of Godavari River in Karimnagar District of Telangana, just across the old pitheads of Singareni Collieries.
Ramagundam has been raising at this time & earned the proud destination of being the only station in the country to omission all the seven units ahead of schedule, constructed at a cost of Rs. 1702 crores, the station has been one of the largest recipient its of the world Bank. Its project implementation & financial control has earned a path from the World Bank “Ramagundam a be considered as the school for construction of Power projects”. The major external financing sources are IBRD, IDA & OPEC.
Ramagundam generation proportion has achieved the Govt. of India meritorious productivity award as many four times. The beneficiaries of RSTOS are Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Goa and Pondicherry.
The plant load factor for the year 2003-04 was 8.3% and it stood in the fourth place the NTPC station.
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To cater to the growing demand for power the seventh unit of 500 MW is being added. The station had required infrastructure facilities and the commitment of the employee. The project after completion will be the largest power station supplying power to the Southern Grid. The Honorable Union Minister of the Power Sri. Suresh Babu in the presence if Sri. N. Chandra Babu Naidu, Honorable Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh laid the foundation on 11th Jan 2002 and completed ahead of schedule.
COMPANY AT GLANCE
Installed Capacity : 2600MWUnit Sizes : 3X200MW
4X500MWUnits Commissioned : Unit- I October, 1983
Unit- II May, 1984Unit- III December, 1984Unit- IV June, 1988Unit- V March, 1989Unit- VI October, 1989Unit- VII November 2000
Transmission System : 2400 cks -400KVSource of Coal : South Godavari Coal fields
of Singareni ColleriesWater Sources : Sri Ram Sagar ProjectBeneficiary States : Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, Kerala, Goa and Pondicherry.
Approved investment : Rs. 3877.68 croresCoal Consumption : 8.6 million tones per annumWater Consumption : 250 cusecCoal Transportation : (MGR) Merry-or-round system
of 22.5 kms Indian Railway. Total Land : 10,000 Acres.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Discuss the research design, research problems, important of the study, scope and significance of the study, source of data, questionnaire, sample design statistically techniques used, and objective of the study and limitations of the study.
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RESEARCH DESIGN:A research design is an arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis
of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research.
Purpose with economy in procedure. It is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted and it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. It includes an outline of what the researcher will do from within the hypothesis and its operational implications to the final analysis of data.
The research design used for the study is descriptive design. Descriptive research design includes surveys and fact finding enquires of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs, as it exists at present.
SOURCE OF DATA:The relevant data has been collected from the primary sources and secondary
sources. The primary data is collected by a questionnaire from the employees. For this purpose of data collection, the questionnaire was circulated among the employees to collect information. The secondary data is collected by news paper company journals, magazines websites etc.
QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTRATION:The questionnaire was prepared after counseling with the officer. Employee
relations of the HR department of NTPC. The researcher prepared a set of questionnaire. A four point scale “strongly agree to strongly disagree” was used for this purpose.
SAMPLE DESIGN:A sample of 150 respondents was taken using random sampling. The
researcher contacted the executive personally and brief summary of the nature of the study and details in the questionnaire were narrated to them.
PERIOD OF STUDY:The present study had been undertaken for period of 6 weeks, in which it
had divided into three stages as such. Stage I is of research problem and collection
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the literature of the topic chosen. Stage II is of analysis and interpretations by using different statistical tools, findings and recommendations.
STATISTICAL TOOLS USED:For the purpose of present study percentage analysis was used.
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY:1. The sample size chosen is covered only a small portion of the whole
population of NTPC, Ramagundam.2. The study is confined to limited period i.e. Six weeks.3. Accuracy of the study is purely based on the information as given by the
respondents.4. Data collected cannot be asserted to the free from crores, as the sample size
restricted to the employees.
HIERARCHY OF MANAGEMENT
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1. How often do you say the word “I am busy or I am having hard time” At the work place?
Options Response ( % )
Very often 9
often 26
Rarely 28
Very rarely 25
Never 12
Very Of-ten
Often Rarely Very rarely
Never 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Response
Interpretation:As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (52%) rarely and
very rarely says that they are busy at work place.2. You think physical environment problem in the work place cause Stress?
( Temperature, lighting, gases, dust )
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 26
Agree 36
15
Cannot say 16
Disagree 16
Strongly disagree 6
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
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10152025303540
Response
Interpretation:Opinion of study reveal that, majority of the respondents (62%) agree with
physical environment (Temperature, Lighting, Gases and Dust) causes Stress.
3. You feel time pressure to complete work?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 10
Agree 41
Cannot say 13
Disagree 28
Strongly disagree 8
16
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
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1015202530354045
Response
Interpretation: The finally yet importantly, the question asked about the employees,
majority of the employees (51%) of the NTPC agree and strongly agree with above statement.
4. Do you feel lack of co-operation in office?
Options Response ( % )
Very often 9
often 26
Rarely 16
Very rarely 17
Never 32
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
05
1015202530354045
Response
Interpretation:
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As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (68%) faced lack of co-operation in office remaining (32%) of employees never faced lack of co-operation in organization.
5. Family problems cause stress?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 19
Agree 41
Cannot say 11
Disagree 19
Strongly disagree 10
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
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Response
Interpretation:As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (60%)
strongly agree and agree with family problems causes stress.
6. Do you have problem of BP / sugar / any other health problems?
Options Response ( % )
Very often 5
often 17
Rarely 19
18
Very rarely 12
Never 47
Very Of-ten
Often Rarely Very rarely
Never 05
101520253035404550
Response
Interpretation:As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (47%) said don’t
love health problems like BP, sugar.
7. Physical exercise & yoga reduce the stress?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 39
Agree 36
Cannot say 11
Disagree 9
Strongly disagree 5
19
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
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Response
Interpretation:As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (75%) agree
with above statement that by doing physical exercise & yoga stress will be reduced.
8. Meditation & prayer to reduce the stress?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 40
Agree 37
Cannot say 14
Disagree 6
Strongly disagree 3
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
0
5
1015
20
2530
3540
Response
Interpretation:
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As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (77%) agree with above statement that meditation & prayer to reduce the stress.
9. Lack of communication causes stress?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 13
Agree 55
Cannot say 17
Disagree 9
Strongly disagree 6
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Response
Interpretation:
As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (68%) agree with above statement i.e. lack of communication causes stress.
10.Spending time with your family reduces stress?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 35
Agree 44
Cannot say 9
Disagree 8
21
Strongly disagree 4
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
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Response
Interpretation:As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (79%) agree
with above statement i.e. appending more time with family reduces stress.
11.Improving working conditions, reduces the stress?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 26
Agree 56
Cannot say 8
Disagree 7
Strongly disagree 3
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Response
Interpretation:
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As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (82%) agree with improving working conditions in office stress will be reduce.
12.Rational allocation of work reduces the stress?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 11
Agree 55
Cannot say 20
Disagree 10
Strongly disagree 4
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Response
Interpretation:
As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (66%) agree with rational allocation of work reduces the stress.
13.Financial motivations reduce the stress?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 12
Agree 43
Cannot say 32
Disagree 10
23
Strongly disagree 3
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
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Response
Interpretation:As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (55%) agree
with above statement i.e. financial motivation reduces the stress.
14.Training & Development programs help to cope-up with new technology reduces the stress?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 16
Agree 52
Cannot say 21
Disagree 8
Strongly disagree 3
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Response
Interpretation:
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As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (68%) agree with above statement i.e. training and development with changes.
15.Need for family counseling is required?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 11
Agree 29
Cannot say 28
Disagree 19
Strongly disagree 13
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Response
Interpretation:As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (40%) agreed
that family counseling is needed to plan and over come the stress.
16.Relaxation reduces the stress?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 32
Agree 48
Cannot say 13
Disagree 6
Strongly disagree 1
25
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say Disagree Strongly disagree
0
10
20
30
40
50 Response
Interpretation:As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (80%) agree
with above statement i.e. relaxation (holydays, leaves, family, tours etc.) reduces stress.
17.Following safety precautions reduces the stress?
Options Response ( % )
Strongly agree 15
Agree 50
Cannot say 21
Disagree 10
Strongly disagree 4
26
Strongly agree
Agree Cannot say
Disagree Strongly disagree
0
5
10
15
20
25 Response
Interpretation:
As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (65%) agree with above statement i.e. following safety precautions stress is reduced.
