BURJ KHALIFA THE TALLEST BUILDING BURJ KHALIFA THE TALLEST BUILDING IN THE WORLDIN THE WORLD Presented by: FATHIMMATHU NAJLA PPresented by: FATHIMMATHU NAJLA P

REG NO:14180182REG NO:14180182

1. Introduction

General Information Official Name: Burj Khalifa Bin Zayed Also Known As: Burj Dubai Built: 2004-2010 Cost: $4,100,000,000 Designed By: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Structural engineer : William F. Baker Main contractor: Samsung C&T Type: Skyscraper Total Stories: 163 Inhabited Stories :154 Elevators: 57 , speed:10m/sc Maximum Height: 2,717 Feet / 828 Meters Total area: 4,000,000 sq.m Location: No. 1, Burj Dubai Boulevard,

Dubai, United Arab

Comparison of Burj Khalifa with other skyscrapers

Burj Khalifa compared with some other tall structures

1. Architectural Style

2. Structural System

3. Cladding System

4. Interior Finishes

Design inspiration The advantages of the tower shape design The tower uses Elevators

Flower shape The architecture features a triple-lobed footprint, an abstraction of a desert flower named Hymenocallis.

The tower is composed of three elements arranged around a central core.

A Y-shaped floor plan maximizes views of the Arabian Gulf. Viewed from the base or the air.

Design inspiration

Architectural design

1. The three wings2. Y shape3. The central core

The Gradient spiral of the tower levels

Design inspiration

LAYOUT

1

3

2

The advantages of the tower shape design

The advantages : Foundation : The modular, Y-shaped structure,

with setbacks along each of its three wings provides stable configuration for the structure and provides good floor plates for residential.

Usage : The Y-shaped plan is ideal for residential and hotel usage, with the wings allowing maximum outward views and inward natural light.

Nature : Gradient spiral design hinders the swirling wind .fig.1

Top level

Middle level

Lower level

Tower levelswind

wind

wind

Ground floor

Elevators

The building is expected to hold up to 35,000 people at any one time.

There installed 57 elevators, and 8 escalators.

33 high-rise elevators including 2 double-decks.

138 floors served by main service elevator.

504 meters – main service elevator rise, the world’s highest.

10 meters per second – speed of elevators .

60 seconds – approximate time from ground to level 124.

10.000 kilograms – weight of hoist ropes.

Amani hotel : 0-8 level

Residences : 17-37 levelArmani hotel : 38-39 level

Residences : 44-72 leveL

Private Residences : 77-108 leveL

Corporate suites

service elevator

Structural system material The consideration loads on the tower

Structural System Material

The tower superstructure of Burj Khalifa is designed as an reinforced concrete building with high performance concrete from the foundation level to level 156, and is topped with a structural steel frame from level 156 to the highest point of the tower.

The structure of Burj Khalifa was designed to behave like a giant column with cross sectional shape that is a reflection of the building massing and profile.

structural analysis model

Structural material : concrete , steel Structural System: Buttressed Core

+ 828m

+ 585.7m

- 3.7m

Structural System Material

Mat foundationConcrete

structure

Structural System Material

steel structure from level 156 to the top

The consideration loads on the tower

The tower shape resists wind loadWind tunnel test

Over 40 wind tunnel tests were conducted on Burj Dubai to examine the effect of wind on the tower and its occupants.These ranged from initial tests to verify the wind climate of Dubai, to large structural analysis models and facade pressure tests, to micro-climate analysis of the effects at terraces and around the tower base

Cladding system in general Cladding system details

Cladding system in general

Cladding system : curtain wall The exterior cladding is comprised of

reflective glazing with aluminum and textured stainless steel spandrel panels and stainless steel vertical tubular fins.

Close to 26,000 glass panels, each individually hand-cut, were used in the exterior cladding of Burj Khalifa.

Over 300 cladding specialists from China were brought in for the cladding work on the tower.

The cladding system is designed to withstand Dubai's extreme summer heat, and to further ensure its integrity, a World War II airplane engine was used for dynamic wind and water testing.

The curtain wall of Burj Khalifa is equivalent to 17 football (soccer) fields or 25 American football fields.

Cladding material : Stainless Steel

Cladding System construction

Cladding System details

Cladding System

Cladding System at mechanical level

Cladding System inside view

Interior Finishes

InteriorsThe interior design of Burj Dubai public areas was also done by the Chicago Office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP and was led by award-winning designer Nada Andric.The interior were inspired by local cultural while staying mindful of the building's status as a global icon and residenceIt features glass, stainless steel and polished dark stones, together with silver travertine flooring, venetian stucco walls, handmade rugs and stone flooring.

Lobby Areas (Corporate & Residential)

Interior Finishes

Spa and Pool Area

FOYER

Construction Sequence Analysis Construction Equipment

3.1 Construction Sequence Analysis

Stage 1

Reinforced concrete piles ( 1.5m in diameter and 43m long ) .Concrete mix for the piles had 25% fly ash and 7% silica fume.The mat is supported by 192 bored , Capacity of each pile is 3000 tonnes.The piles were made high density, low permeability concrete placed by tremie method utilizing polymer slurry.

Stage 2

The mat is 3.7 meters thick, and was constructed in four separate pours totaling 12,500 cubic meters of concreteA high density, low permeability concrete was used in the foundations.A cathodic protection system was also installed under the mat, to minimize any detrimental effects of corrosive chemicals, which may be present in local ground water.

Construction of the Tower Foundation

3.1 Construction Sequence Analysis

Stage 3

The corridor walls extend from the central core up to the end of wing, where they have thickened with hammer head walls. These walls behave like the web and flanges of abeam to resist the wind shears and moments.

Stage 4

The center hexagonal walls are buttressed by the wing walls and hammer head walls which behave as the webs and flanges of a beam to resist the wind shears and moments.

Construction of the Tower Superstructure

Stage 5

The wings set back to provide many different floor plates.The setbacks are organized with the tower’s grid, such that the building stepping is accomplished by aligning columns above with walls below to provide a smooth load path. As such, the tower does not contain any structural transfers.These setbacks also have the advantage of providing a different width to the tower for each differing floor plate.

3.1 Construction Sequence Analysis

Stage 6

The crowning touch of Burj Khalifa is its telescopic spire comprised of more than 4,000 tons of structural steel.The spire was constructed from inside the building and jacked to its full height of over 200 meters (700 feet) using a hydraulic pump.In addition to securing Burj Khalifa's place as the world's tallest structure, the spire is integral to the overall design, creating a sense of completion for the landmark.The spire also houses communications equipment.

Fire safety system. Air supply system. Power supply system. Water supply system.

4.2 Fire safety system

Fire and life safety plan systemThe design of Burj Khalifa undertook with special attention to the fire safety and evacuation speed. The capacity of concrete surrounds of total stairwells besides building service and fireman's elevator has been so effective that it can easily bear 5,500 kg. That is why it is known for being the tallest service elevator in the world. Pressurized and air-conditioned refuge areas are designed on almost every 25 floor of this tower to ensure better safety as occupants can’t literally walk down to 160 floors in one go

CONCLUSION

• Here from the study of this seminar I got that, building of these height and beyond these height or any other specialties and amazing creativities can have a birth from we the growing Architect.

Validating the Structural Behavior and Response of Burj Khalifa :Synopsis of the Full Scale Structural Health Monitoring Programs ………………… Ahmad Abdelrazaq / Executive Vice President, Highrise & Complex Building, Samsung C & T, Seoul, Korea Burj Khalifa Tower , Wind Tunnel Testing of Cladding and Pedestrian Level …………. Peter A. Irwin, William F. Baker, Stan Korista, Peter A. Weismantle, and Lawrence C. Novak Burj Khalifa, Dubai, United Arab Emirates…………… Edward Mak Structural Engineering of World’s Tallest Building Burj Khalifa (Dubai) …………PDHengineer.com WIND ISSUES IN THE DESIGN OF TALL BUILDINGS…………….. Peter A. Irwin / Los Angeles Tall Building Structural Design Council May 7, 2010 Burj Dubai 400m high hoists,and rising…………………. ACCESS INTERNATIONAL / January-February 2007 Brief on the Construction Planning of the Burj Dubai Project………….. Ahmad Abdelrazaq / Executive Vice President, Highrise Building Team, Samsung Engineering & Construction BURJ KHALIFA, WORLD.S TALLEST STRUCTURE……… Dr.N.Subramanian / Consulting Structural Engineer, Maryland, U.S.A.http://www.archinomy.comwww.burjkhalifa.aehttp://archrecord.construction.comhttp://www.skyscraperlist.comhttp://www.sayedsaad.com