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©
Gen Okajima
Central Japan Railway Co. Sydney
Building the Backbone of the Nation
-The Japanese Experience – 50 years-
NSW Transport Summit - Sydney 8/8/2013
©
Tokaido Shinkansen
• The World’s FIRST High-Speed Rail
- In operation since 1964 funded by World Bank
(*French TGV since 1981, German ICE since 1991)
• Even now, the Leading High Speed Rail in the World
Series 0 (1964)
1st Generation
Series N700 (2007)
5th Generation
©
Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen
ZERO passenger injuries or fatalities
from train accidents
- Safety
転用
©
Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen
- Punctuality
minutes / train *1 *2
*1 : Including delays due to uncontrollable causes, such as natural disasters
*2 : Standard for train delays; JR Central : “delay” = >1 minute, Europe : “delay” = >15 minutes
©
6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 ・・・ Tokyo
Shinagawa
Nagoya
Shin-Osaka
Shin-Yokohama
Kyoto
Train Schedule Diagrams as of March 2012
*1:Excluding extra service
5
- Mass Transport
Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen
323 trains/day*1
386,000
3 min. intvl at peak time
passengers / day
©
Contents
• Overview of Australian HSR
• Impact on your life
• Impact on your society
• Challenges
©
Contents
• Overview of Australian HSR
• Impact on your life
• Impact on your society
• Challenges
©
Australian HSR
Line 2
Completion: 2058
$64B
10 million trips(‘65)
Line 1
Completion: 2040
$50B
18 million trips(‘65)
•Benefit $2.30/ a dollar spent
•Revenue covers ongoing costs
SYD
MEL
BEN
©
Preferred HSR Service
Less than 3 hours to both Melbourne and Brisbane from
Sydney
Operation departure between
5am to 11pm
Super Express stopping only at
capitals: departing every 10-20
minutes
Express stopping all stations:
departing every half an hour
780 seats /set of trains with
reserved seats and non-reserved seats
$86 between Sydney and Melbourne
©
Contents
• Overview of Australian HSR
• Impact on your life
• Impact on your society
• Challenges
©
Your Life with RELIABLE High Speed Rail
Between connected cities
More visitors from regional and urban areas
Better commuter connections
Easy business trips to Brisbane, Melbourne and others
©
Your Life with RELIABLE High Speed Rail
Model Case
7:00 Leave Epping station
7:35 Arrive at Central
7:45 Catch Express HSR
10:29 Arrive at Sthn Cross
164mins Use computer, wifi,
prepare for meetings,
relax, etc.
10:30 Walk to meeting in CBD
7:00 Leave Epping station
7:55 Arrive at Domestic
8:05 Check-in
8:30 Board flight
8:45 Flight departs
10:20 Flight arrives
65mins Use computer etc.
10:35 Take taxi into CBD
11:00 Arrive in CBD
©
Commuter Passengers
Tokyo Atami Mishima Shizuoka
0km 180km 120km 104km Distance
JAPAN
1 hour (270km/hr at maximum)
Common Shinkansen commuting distance
Sydney Newcastle
0km 160km
Gosford
80km
AUSTRALIA
Sydney
0km
Goulburn
180km
Southern
Highlands
98km
©
Contents
• Overview of Australian HSR
• Impact on your life
• Impact on your society
• Challenges
©
1. Connection of Communities
2. Regional Development
3. Business Opportunities
4. Sustainable Lifestyle
Impact of Shinkansen on Society
©
1. Connection of Communities
2. Regional Development
3. Business Opportunities
4. Sustainable Lifestyle
Impact of Shinkansen on Society
©
1. Connection of Communities
Tokyo Osaka Hakata
After Tokaido & Sanyo
Shinkansen opened
Tokyo
Hakata
Ref: A GENERALIZED SOLUTION OF TIME-DISTANCE MAPPING, E. Shimizu et al. Univ. of Tokyo, 2004
©
1. Connection of Communities
Kyushu Shinkansen Section A in 2004 (A+B: 3h40m -> 2h10m)
Full section in 2011 (A+B: 2h10m -> 1h19m)
A
B
©
From Hiroshima
region
From
Osaka
region
1. Connection of Communities– Visitors
Ref. Kumamoto Prefecture Conference Material 2012
+33%
+54% +407%
+162%
By any
modes
Business 33%
Returning
home 17%
Tourism13%
Others 37% Purpose to
Kumamoto (Yellow circle) Shinkansen Only
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1. Connection of Communities
2. Regional Development
3. Business Opportunities
4. Sustainable Lifestyle
Impact of Shinkansen on Society
©
1964
Shin-Yokohama Station
Immediately after opening
2012 Shin-Yokohama Station now
2. Regional Development –Shinyokohama Sta.
*Introduction of HSR promotes development of the areas around its stations
©
Shin-Yokohama Station
2. Regional Development
Number of Boarding Passengers (Daily Average)
©
1995
2012 Shinagawa Station today
Before opening
Shinagawa Station
Shinagawa Station was opened at 2003
2. Regional Development –Shinagawa Sta.
©
2. Regional Development (Economic Growth)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Unit: ¥ trillion (for GDP), 100 million passenger-kilometres (for Ridership)
GDP
Ridership
1964 2009
(FY)
1970 1980 1990 2000
©
1. Connection of Communities
2. Regional Development
3. Business Opportunities
4. Sustainable Lifestyle
Impact of Shinkansen on Society
©
Early1990’s Opened in 2000
JR Central Towers -Nagoya Station-
3.Business Opportunities
©
Operating Revenues of
Consolidated Subsidiaries
•Merchandise
•Real Estate
•Hotels
•Travel agency
etc
JPY 511 B
(App. $5.1B) (Mar 2012 AU$1=JPY100)
Creation of Affiliated Business Jobs
3.Business Opportunities
©
1. Connection of Communities
2. Regional Development
3. Business Opportunities
4. Sustainable Lifestyle
Impact of Shinkansen on Society
©
(90MJ/seat)
8 times
Comparison of Energy Consumption per Passenger Seat
Comparison of CO2 emissions per Passenger Seat
Series N700
“Nozomi”
Airplane
(B777-200)
Series N700
“Nozomi”
Airplane
(B777-200)
Basis
12 times
(4.2kg-CO2/seat)
(50kg-CO2/seat)
(746MJ/seat)
Basis
Source: Calculation based on running performance (JR Central figures)Series N700 "Nozomi" (Tokyo~Shin-Osaka) :JR Central calculations with reference to ANA CSR Report 2011
Environmentally Friendly – Energy & CO2
©
Contents
• Overview of Australian HSR
• Impact on your life
• Impact on your society
• Challenges
©
Challenges
•Financing
•Cost Effectiveness
•Noise and Vibration
©
Challenges
•Financing
•Cost Effective
•Noise and Vibration
©
Financing – Practice in Japan (First Leg)
Total costs : US$1B
•Loan from World Bank: US$90M
(in 1963 terms. US$1=360yen)
-Interest rate 5.75%, 20 years (repaid in 16.5 years)
JRC (operator) owns its infrastructure
©
Government
Central : 82%
Local: 18%
Infrastructure
Lease
Operator
Fee
Financing – Practice in Japan (Since 1997)
©
Financing – JBIC
Japan Bank for International Cooperation
- Policy finance institution
- 100% owned by the Japanese Government
- Outstanding loan/equity/guarantee : >JPY13,000B
- Financing for overseas infrastructure as well
HSR system is an eligible sector
As of Mar 2013
©
Financing – JBIC
Case in UK (2012)
UK
Gov.
Rolling stock Provider Lease / Maintenance / Depot
Operator Availability
Payment
JBIC
JBIC finance
•£1.0B (45% of total debt (2.2B))
•30 years
Others
Loan Concession
Franchise
©
Financing – Value Capture JRC examples
Restaurants
Souvenir shops
Restaurants
City Hotel
Leased offices
Department Store
Business Hotel
Shopping mall
Resort Hotel
Hotel
Restaurant
Shopping mall
Leased offices
Shopping
mall Warehouse
Parking
©
Challenges
•Financing
•Cost Effective
•Noise and Vibration
©
Capital Costs of the 1st Section (SYD-CAN)
Tunnels6.6
Stations, 2.5 Earthworks,
2.4 Bridges and
viaducts, 1.6
General civil
works, 1.2
Land, 1.3
Permanent way, 1
Power, 0.9 Signalling, 0.4
Total $18B (indicative)
©
TGV
Size of lanes Small Large
Shinkansen 63㎡
100㎡
Tunnel Cross Section
Source: Japanese Government, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism
Challenges – Cost Effective Construction(1)
Smaller Infrastructure •Smaller tunnels
•Less land acquisition
4.3m 4.5m
TGV-POS
LGV Est
<320km/h
©
Challenges – Cost Effective Construction(2)
Less sturdy structure with light body
t
Axle load
* Source : ”World High Speed Rolling Stock,” UIC Website, May 2009
5 10 15 20
1
2
3
17
16
11.2
©
Traction power 45%
Station maintenance
4%
Infrastructure operation and
maintenance 6%
Train crew/station
staff 11%
Administration 11%
Ticketing cost 11%
Rolling stock maintenance
12%
Ongoing Costs of Sydney-Melbourne section
©
Reducing the cost of traction power
Light rolling stock
Regenerative braking system
Streamlined car body with low air resistance
Challenges – Cost Effective Operation (1)
*JRC simulation based on public data assuming 50km level tracks between stations the simulation used data from.
TGV: “TGV POS PREPARES to enter service,” Railway Gazette International, Dec. 2006, P784-785
ICE: “ ICE Multiple Unit for the European High-Speed Rail Services of German Rail (DB AG) and Netherlands Railways (NS),”
Technical Information, Siemens AG
Traction power could be much reduced Based on our simulation* and Phase 2 Report
©
N700 TGV-POS ICE-3JRC simulation based on public data assuming 50km level tracks between stations the simulation used data from.
TGV: “TGV POS PREPARES to enter service,” Railway Gazette International, Dec. 2006, P784-785
ICE: “ ICE Multiple Unit for the European High-Speed Rail Services of German Rail (DB AG) and Netherlands Railways (NS),”
Technical Information, Siemens AG
Energy Consumption per Seat (Wh/km/seat)
26
57 55
Challenges – Energy Consumption Simulation
©
Less damage to infrastructure
t
Axle load
* Source : ”World High Speed Rolling Stock,” UIC Website, May 2009
5 10 15 20
1
2
3
17
16
11.2
Challenges – Cost Effective Operation (2)
©
Challenges
•Financing
•Cost Effective
•Noise and Vibration
©
Less noise and vibration with
light and streamlined body
Challenges – Noise and Vibration
©
Concluding Comments
©
Australia ready to take advantage of HSR
•Decent inner-city public transportation
•High travel demand (not population)
•Financial capacity (high credit rating)
©
Thank you for your attention.
Please feel free to contact us at:
Central Japan Railway Company--Sydney Suite 501, Level 5
20 Hunter Street, Sydney 2000 E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: (02) 9221 6922