Case Study: Mariculture

8/20/2019 Case Study: Mariculture

1/51

CASE STUDY OF PROPOSED MARICULTURE SITES

IN DAVAO CITY

A Case Study

Presented to

Professor Marie Antonette B. Pana-Tauto

College of Governance and Business

University of Southeastern Philippines

Obrero, Davao City

In Partial ulfill!ent of the "e#uire!ents in

G$ %&'

A!e"ia C. Bi#era

October %(, %&)*

Table of Contents

C+AP-" I. -/-CUI0- SU$$A"1......................................................................4

C+AP-" II. I2"ODUCIO2................................................................................5


2/51

%.) Introduction.................................................................................................. 6

%.%. Ob3ective.....................................................................................................7

%.4 State!ent of the Proble!...............................................................................7

%.( Scope and 5i!itation.....................................................................................8

%.( A. Site Description...................................................................................8

%.( B. Proposed Sites...................................................................................9

%.* Definition of er!s.......................................................................................10

C+AP-" III. "-0I-6 O "-5A-D 5I-"AU"-................................................15

4.) +istory of $ariculture...................................................................................15

4.% "elated Studies on $ariculture......................................................................15

4.4 $ariculture in the Philippines.........................................................................16

4.( $ariculture in $indanao..............................................................................17

4.* Understanding +o7 the $ariculture Par8 is Born9Operate.................................18

4.' I!pact of $ariculture Par8s..........................................................................20

C+AP-" I0. A2A51SIS A2D DISCUSSIO2..........................................................22

(.4 Punta Du!alag : Present Site of the $ariculture 5ivelihood Pro3ect....................22

4.3 A Background......................................................................................22

4.3 B Te Cause for Alar!..........................................................................23

4.3 C Te "esult......................................................................................... 25

(.( Selection of Potential Sites...........................................................................26

(.* Site I : 5asang;Buna7an, Davao City.............................................................27

(.* A. Bathy!etry...................................................................................... 28

(.* B. Protected Area..................................................................................28

(.* C. e!perature.....................................................................................29

(.* D. Dissolved O


3/51

C+AP-" 0I. CO2C5USIO2................................................................................34

C+AP-" 0II. "-CO$$-2DAIO2.....................................................................36

"--"-2C-S....................................................................................................40

A22-/-S..........................................................................................................43

List of Fi$ures

igure ). %&&= isheries Production.............................................................................=igure %. $ariculture 5ivelihood Pro3ect in Punta Du!alag.........................................>igure 4. 5ocation of the Study Sites.........................................................................)&igure (. p+ 5evels.....................................................................................................)4igure *. $ariculture Par8s in he Philippines...........................................................)?igure '. Assess!ent of I!pacts of $ariculture........................................................%)

List of Anne%es

Anne< A. D-2" Ad!inistrative Order 2o. 4(, Series of )>>&.........................................43

Anne# B. Te $rou%& A!el'a C. B'bera( )'ela *egar'a( +'celle ,ol'st'co( "osal'e

-tero( +elod Bal'cat...........................................................................................44

Anne# /. ,unta /u!alag +ar'culture ,ark..........................................................44

Anne# C. Te $rou% at te Angels Coe Beac "esort.......................................44

Anne# . ouses on te aters of ,unta /u!alag..............................................45

Anne# . )a!%l'ng ,o'nts fro te ater )a!%les fro! ,unta /u!alag...............45

Anne# $.Col'for! Anals's "esults of te Coastal aters 'n +at'na( /aao C't. 46Anne# . Te +angrooes at te *asangBunaan )'te.......................................46

Anne# . At te ,ol'ce )tat'on of Baranga *asang.............................................46

Anne# . Al' ,esadas ( 40 ears old( !e!ber of te :agka'usang +ananagat sa

Baranga *asang ;:A$A+BA*A


4/51

seen in coastal or !unicipal fisheries. he fish resources is fast di!inishing. $ore

and !ore fishers have !oved farther and farther fro! the shore to bring in a

bountiful catch, but sad to note, that this bountiful catch has slo7ly evolved into a

drea!. here are !ore and !ore fishers chasing after less and less fish.

he i!!ediate solution 7ould be to slac8en if not lessen fishing pressure to

allo7 the fish resources to once again flourish naturally. But can 7e direct the

fisherfol8s to stop fishing 7hen this is the only !eans of livelihood they 8no7@ his

7ould be tanta!ount to telling so!eone to stop living

One alternative seen by the govern!ent is a#uaculture and !ariculture.

$ariculture or cultivation of fish in sea7aters by fish cages is gaining a strongfollo7ing. his 7ould allo7 the fisherfol8s to continue 7ith a livelihood that is fa!iliar

and dear to the! producing the very sa!e fish, a co!!odity they are used to,

perhaps in !ore bul8 and allo7ing the! to 7or8 in the sa!e environ!ent they are

fa!iliar 7ith less dangers as they do not have to go very far and e


5/51

!ariculture in the sa!e !anner that it provides far! to !ar8et roads, irrigation

syste! and post harvest storage facilities for agriculture. Such facilities can even be

constructed by the private sector using Build;Operate;ransfer BO sche!es

already being e!ployed in the building of roads and po7er plants. $arine engineers

can design such !ooring syste!s in a given area to a given specification. Plastic

buoys can be used to !aintain the !ooring ter!inals at the 7ater surface.

Prospective fish cage operators 7ill !erely have to shac8le their cages to the

!ooring point and pay a corresponding !ooring fee based on the sie of the cages.

he fees can be based on a fair return on the invest!ent for the infrastructure

a!ortied over a period of %& to %* years 3ust li8e roads and bridges.

hrough !ariculture, 7e are not only building an industry but building and

uplifting lives.

C&APTER II. INTRODUCTION

(.) Intro*u+tion

$ost of the 7orldFs fishing areas have reached their !a


6/51

there is a steady increase in the global production of a#uaculture 7hich has doubled

in the last decade a#uaculture no7 is reponsible for supplying one third of the

seafood consu!ed 7orld7ide AO, %&&). o !eet the continuing de!and the

a#uaculture production has to increase by *& !illion $t by %&)*& acon and

orster, %&&)

Philippines is an archipelago co!posed of =,)&& islands, thus a large portion

of the population resides in the coastal areas conse#uently depending on fisheries

for livelihood and sustenance. Aside fro! far!ing, the basic livelihod of ilipinos is

fishing. 6ith a total territorial 7ater of %,%&&,&&& 8!%, it only has %>>,=4* 8!% of land

area of 7hich )&%,>?( 8!% or 4(H is agricultural.%

ood security co!pounded 7ith population gro7th, poverty, and declining

land and 7ater resources productivity is a pressing issue in the Philippines.4 "elative

to food, ilipinos are fish eaters 7ith per capita consu!ption of 4' 8g per year >>

gra! per day ( e#uivalent to )%.4H of the total food inta8e per person per day.

ilipinos consider fish as a staple food together 7ith the rice.

In the Philippines, fisheries is considered a very i!portant industry. In )>>*

Philippines 7as ran8ed )%th a!ong the largest fish producer in the 7orld, fourth in

ter!s of a#uaculture production based on figures fro! AO 1earboo8, )>>*. As to its

contribution to the national Gross 0alue Added G0A in Agriculture, ishery and

orestry in )>>=, fisheries contributed )?.* percent, at constant prices, as against

livestoc8 and poultry 7hich contributed only )%.)H and )&.4H respectively. isheries

7as e


7/51

he categories of fish production areE co!!ercial fisheries, !unicipal

fisheries and a#uaculture. Co!!ercial fisheries refer to fishing done in offshore

7aters using fishing vessels of !ore than three gross tons. $unicipal fisheries refer

to fishing done in inland and coastal areas 7ith or 7ithout the use of a fishing boat of

up to three gross tons. A#uaculture refers to production in enclosures 7hether

ponds, pens, cages or on substrates such as sta8es, ropes, lines, nets, shells, or on

a de!arcated natural bed using seedstoc8, 7hich !ay be naturally occurring, or

artificially produced in hatcheries.'

o sho7 that the fishing industry is indeedgro7ing, the esti!ated nu!ber of people 7or8ing in

fisheries according to BA" is >>&,?=% based on a

)>?& census 3ointly conducted by the 2ationl

Statistics Office 2SO.=

(.(. O#,e+tie

he !ain ob3ective of this Case Study is to deter!ine the best site for the

!ariculture of Davao City based on the data provided as 7ell as based on the actual

ocular inspection conducted.

(. State!ent of te Pro#"e!

Specifically, this Case Study ai!s to ans7er the follo7ing #uestionsE

). Is the !ariculture production in Punta Du!alag still safe for public

consu!ption@(. Is the proposed location in 5asang Buna7an area suitable@. Is the proposed location in alo!o area suitable@

5 A-( o%. C't.

6 A-( o%. C't.

7 A-( loc. C't.

7

Figure 1. 2007 FisheriesProduction


8/51

/. Is the proposed location in 5iada oril suitable@0. Are the fish cage o7ners receptive of the transfer of their fsh cages@

(./ S+o1e an* Li!itation

his Case Study covers the Assess!ent of Proposed $ariculture Sites in

Davao City by the Bureau of isheries and A#uatic "esources BA". his Case

Study 7ill be li!ited only to the data gathered by the aforesaid Assess!ent.

he Assess!ent of Proposed $ariculture Sites by the BA" conducted and

undertoo8 the follo7ing activitiesE

). Bathy!etry%. 6ater sa!pling and anlysis

a. Physico;che!ical para!etersb. $icrobiological e


9/51

Figure 2. Mariculture Livelihood Project in Punta Dumalag

%.( B. Proposed Sites

he possible sites 7here said !ariculture activity 7ill be transfered and 7hich

is the focus of this study areE

Site ) : 5asang Buna7an, Davao City

Site % : oril, Davao City

Site 4 : alo!o Bay Area, Davao City

hough Davao City is basically surrounded by 7aters, still finding an ideal site for the

Davao City $ariculture Par8 is a huge tas8, 7ith all the pros and cons battering the

!ove.

9


10/51

Figure 3. Location of the Stud Sites

(.0 Definition of Ter!s

Co"ifor! #a+teria are a co!!only used bacterial indicator of sanitary #uality

of foods and 7ater. hey are defined as rod;shaped Gra!;negative non;spore

for!ing and !otile or non;!otile bacteria 7hich can fer!ent lactose 7ith the

production of acid and gas 7hen incubated at 4*:4=C.J)K Colifor!s can be found in

the a#uatic environ!ent, in soil and on vegetation they are universally present in

large nu!bers in the feces of 7ar!;blooded ani!als. 6hile colifor!s the!selves

are not nor!ally causes of serious illness, they are easy toculture, and their

presence is used to indicate that other pathogenic organis!s of fecal origin !ay be

10

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicator_bacteriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_(shape)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosporehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosporehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactosehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coliform_bacteria#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warm-bloodedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiological_culturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicator_bacteriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_(shape)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosporehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosporehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactosehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coliform_bacteria#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warm-bloodedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiological_culturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen


11/51


12/51

use of the 7ater. or e


13/51

Sa"init2 is the total concentration of all dissolved salts in 7ater . hese

electrolytes for! ionic particles as they dissolve, each 7ith a positive and negative

charge. As such, salinity is a strong contributor to conductivity.)'

1& is a deter!ined value based on a defined scale, si!ilar to te!perature.

his !eans that p+ of 7ater is not a physical para!eter that can be !easured as a

concentration or in a #uantity. 17

Figure !. "# Levels

If the p+ of 7ater is too high or too lo7, the a#uatic organis!s living 7ithin it

7ill die. p+ can also affect the solubility and to


14/51

levels usually increase the solubility of ele!ents and co!pounds, !a8ing to

Te!1erature is the 3ater te!1erature close to the ocean9sea. e!perature

controls the rate at 7hich food gets conveyed to energy, 7hich affects respiration,

food inta8e, gro7th and behavior. e!perature also affects the a!ount of o


15/51

!etabolic rate, 7hich, in turn, increases the ani!alFs o


16/51

!ariculture are confused. Both a#uaculture and !ariculture are related into

cultivating produts under controlled conditions. Both have aided greatly in the

increase in a#uatic production. +o7ever, a#uaculture is related to gro7ing fish

products in fresh 7ater and !ariculture is related to gro7ing fish products in

sea7ater .%%

.( Re"ate* Stu*ies on Mari+u"ture

0arious studies and researches have been conducted involving !ariculture.

One i!portant factor in !ariculture according to 0ol8!an )>?> is the i!potatnt role

of !icroalgae in !ariculture as food for the larval stages of crustaceans and fish, for all stages of bivalves and as food for ooplan8ton 7hich are fed to late larval and

3uvenile fish and crustaceans. It is i!portant that the nutritional #uality of the

!icroalgae is at its opti!al for the fish in the fish cages. Bro7n et al., )>?>.

Another study on !ariculture by orano, et al. %&&* delved on the

diseasees that occur in !ariculture and focused and co!piled so!e dispersed

literature published about the !ost threatening diseases occurring in fish cultured in

!arine 7aters 7orld7ide such as vibriosis, b7inter ulcerT, photobacteriosis,

furunculosis, fle>> 7hen he stated that rapid scale gro7th of intensive !ariculture

syste!s can often lead to adverse i!pacts on the environ!ent. Intensive sh and

shri!p far!ing, being dened as throughput;based syste!s, have a continuous or

22 b'd.

16


17/51

pulse release of nutrients that adds to coastal eutrophication. As an alternative

treat!ent solution, sea7eeds can be used to clean the dissolved part of this efVuent.

. Mari+u"ture in te Pi"i11ines

$ariculture in the Philippines has been practiced in the )>?&s, but it 7as

only in the early )>>& that !uch of the gro7th and e&H of the production fro! !arine cages. $arte, et al. %&&&. Because there 7ere a

lot of !il8fish !ariculture there 7as a decline in the !il8fish price. 2ote that !il8fish

is the Philippine 2ational ish. 6hen its price dropped because of saturation in the

!ar8et, the !ariculture industry focussed its attention on other fishes, pri!arily

pri!arily grouper -pinephelus spp., snapper 5ut3anus spp., sea bass 5ates

calcarifer and siganid Siganus spp.. Currently, i!ported species such as red

tilapia, yello7;7a< po!pano rachinotus blochii and red dru! Sciaenops

ocellatus are also being tested by the private sector. A high production cost due to

lo7 feed conversion efficiency and high seed cost is presently the greatest concern

of !arine cage far!ers. In so!e areas, unregulated e


18/51

areas, 7ater #uality, !icrobiological and heavy !etal analysis, 7ater analysis and

other tests to ensure safe fish products.

./ Mari+u"ture in Min*anao

As of the latest, there are (' !ariculture par8s already established

throughout the Philippines and )& are yet to be established %*. In $indanao alone the

!ariculture par8s established areE

"egion I/ Wa!boanga Peninsula ; ("egion / 2orthern $indanao ; %"egion /I Davao "egion ; ("egion /III Caraga "egion ; (

A"$$ ; )

Figure $. Mariculture Par%s in &he Phili""ines

.0 Un*erstan*in$ &o3 te Mari+u"ture Par5 is Born6O1erate

he birth of a $ariculture Par8 $P starts 7ithE

25 b'd.

18


19/51

A. An Initia" Eniron!ent Assess!ent.

his is necessary to chec8 7hether the site is suitable. o do this, 7ater

analysis 7ill be conducted 7ith 7ater sa!ples ta8en and recorded using approved!ethods of analysis as e!bodied under the D-2" Ad!inistartive Order 2o. 4(,

Series of )>>&, "evised 6ater Usage and Classification96ater Tuality Criteria

A!ending Sections '? and '>, Chapter III of the )>=? 2PCC "ules and "egulations

Anne% A. he para!eters are also specfied in aforesaid DAO 2o. 4(.

Para!eters Set

here are specific para!eters that affect the #uality of 7ater in the

environ!ent and they have to be ta8en into consideration 7hen selecting a site for a

$ariculture Par8. hese properties can be physical, che!ical or biological factors.

Physical properties of 7ater #uality include te!perature and turbidity. Che!ical

characteristics involve para!eters such as p+ and dissolved o


20/51

e!perature d !a


21/51

C. If te L9U an* BFAR a$ree te2 3i"" Si$n an MOA to Dee"o1 an* Co-

Mana$e Te MP 7E%e+utie Mana$e!ent Coun+i"8

.: I!1a+t of Mari+u"ture Par5s

Introducing a ne7 technology or concept 7ould !ean a change. $ariculture is

a strategy of sustainably !anaging fish production. he ai! here is not si!ply

introducing a technology and !a8e it free;for;all 8ind. As in everything, there are t7o

sides of a coin, thus, even !ariculture results in a positive and negative i!pacts.

Positive i!pacts are broadly classified as econo!ic and environ!ental.%' or

the econo!ic i!pact there is an increase in volu!e of production in a#uaculture,

!ariculture and !arine fish cages, the annual gro7th rate in the protection of fish

cages averaged ))'H of the last decade %= enhanced technical capacities in

seafar!ing a!ong fishers !ore livelihood opportunities as there 7ere %&&& 3obs

that have been created in $ariculture Par8 others have been hired as 7or8ers in the

construction of the par8 or have gone into production of necessary e#uip!ent such

as cage, fishnets, or beca!e suppliers of fingerlings, 7hile others have been hired to

provide careta8er or !aintenance services 7hile !en foused on !ariculture the

7o!en participated in fishnet production and processing activities li8e de;boning,

s!o8ing, !arinating and drying of sea7eeds. 28

So!e of the environ!ental i!pact of !ariculture are the eli!ination of destructive,

illegal fishing !ethods there is an increase in fish recruit!ent %> other

26 b'd.

27 b'd.

28 :o co!!erc'al 's'ng 'n +ar'ne ,arks can beneIt Iser'es( 'ldl'fe( and ong

=ongOs econo! 'f %ro%er !easures are 'n %lace to regulate Is'ng and %ro'de

alternat'e l'el'oods( :o. 23( 2009( tt%&.legco.go.kr09

10engl's%anelsea%a%ersea1123cb14623e.%df

29 Adora( loc. c't.

21

http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/panels/ea/papers/ea1123cb1-462-3-e.pdfhttp://www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/panels/ea/papers/ea1123cb1-462-3-e.pdfhttp://www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/panels/ea/papers/ea1123cb1-462-3-e.pdfhttp://www.legco.gov.hk/yr09-10/english/panels/ea/papers/ea1123cb1-462-3-e.pdf


22/51

environ!ental i!pacts such as uneated food, faeces, pseudofaeces, scales and

other concerns have also been duly addressed and studied such as i!prove feeding,

site rotation, harro7ing. 4&

Figure '. (ssessment of )m"acts of Mariculture

C&APTER IV. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

O+u"ar Ins1e+tion

An ocular inspection 7as conducted last August 4), %&)* to actually see the site of

the present !ariculture livelihood pro3ect as 7ell the proposed !ariculture sites. he

7hole day 7as spent going around the City to the areas and pictures, observations

and intervie7s 7ere duly recorded. 2o !andate or re#uire!ent 7as !ade for the

actual inspection of the place, but the group too8 the initiative to see the sites. he

30 Assess!ent of !%acts on +ar'culture( -),A" Co!!'ss'on( 2009(tt%&sr2010.os%ar.org!ed'aassess!ents%00442E!%actsEofE+ar'culture.%df

22

http://qsr2010.ospar.org/media/assessments/p00442_Impacts_of_Mariculture.pdfhttp://qsr2010.ospar.org/media/assessments/p00442_Impacts_of_Mariculture.pdf


23/51

group Anne% B is basically co!posed of students sans any bac8ground of !arine

biology or oceanography e, Davao

City 7as in the process of loo8ing for an ideal site to declare as a $ariculture Par8.

Punta Du!alag in $atina Aplaya, Davao City 7as chosen as the potential site. 6hen

there still >' fish cages in the area, there 7as a >'& !etric tons of fish harvested in

early %&)&4%, 7hich 7as a big boost to the d7indling catch fro! the open seas. hus

Barangay $atina Aplaya and the A#uatic "esources $anag!ent Council CA"$C

ac8o7ledged that the fisherfol8 7ould greatly benefit at declaring Punta Dualag as a

$ariculture Par8. 7Anne% D8

CAO Avila so!eti!e in une %&)& said that the pro!otion of fish cage

far!ing and other sustainable a#uaculture technologies 7ill provide an alternative

source of inco!e for the fisherfol8 living near the area.44

31 Fald'ar( loc. C't.

32 b'd.

23


24/51

In %&)&, Davao City has already started issuing business per!its to fish

cultivators during the boo! in rearing !il8fish in Punta Du!alag. It 7as City

Planning and Develop!ent Office CPDO head "obert Alabado 7ho also said that

issuance of per!its should be put on hold as there is a need for bioche!ical analysis

in the area to ensure the safety of the produce 7hich s consu!ed by locals as 7ell

as

he analysis of 7ater is i!portant to guide the city on ho7 to !anage the

par8 or avoid any incidence of fish 8ills.4(

4.3 B The Cause for Alarm

he continued increase in the nu!ber of residents along the shore has been

noted. Add also the fact that !ost of the residents in the area are the so called

info!al settlers and are not ger!ane in the area. Another aggravating factor is that

!ost, if not all, of the coastal and even inland houses do not have proper septage.

hey consider the sea as one big rest roo! 7here they do their personal necessities

7ithout regard for hygiene or sanitation. Anne% E

According to the then City Agriculturist 5eonardo Availa II he fish cages,

although the sie and depth 7ere feasible for fish culture, their pro


25/51

depriving the people of their !eans of livelihood. +e later relented 7ith the condition

that an indepth study be first !ade and 7ater analysis and studies be conducted to

have conclusive and sufficient proof that the 7ater is conta!inated and unfit for fish

cultivation. City Agriculturist Avila strongly reco!!ended to the City $ayor for the

closure of the Punta Du!alag $ariculture Par8 beacuse, it is a sad truth that Punta

Du!alag has been the victi! of indiscri!inate solid and li#uid 7aste disposal.

he City Agriculture Office Chief of -


26/51

he results sho7ed that *&H of the 7ater sa!ples contained colifor! counts

that are Xbeyond the allo7able li!it of ishery 6ater Class % and = out of ? 7ater

sa!ples analyed for fecal colifro! contained counts beyond te *&&& $P2 !ost

probable nu!ber li!it allo7ed by the D-2".F

"esults of the analysis also sho7ed counts of pseudon!onas aeruginosa, a

bacteria Xthat can cause disease in susceptible individualsF as it can produce to


27/51

that the colifor! should be !a


28/51

/.0 Site I ; Lasan$-Buna3an> Daao Cit2

he first site visited 7as the 5asang;Buna7an Site. Courtesy call 7as !ade at the

Barangay +all but considering it 7as a holiday, no Barangay Official 7as there. he5asang Police Station 7as also visted and it 7as the -nviron!ental Des8 Officer

Anne% & 7ho assisted. hrough directions, the location of the potential

!ariculture site 7as reached.

A+tua" O#seration

he first thing noticeable in the area is that there are no houses or residences on the

proposed site unli8e in Punta Du!alag 7here there are houses on posts in the

7aters. his 7ould eli!inate the fear of 7ater conta!ination fro! colifor! particulaly

fecal colifor! co!ing fro! hu!an and ani!al 7astes of nearby residences. here

are no co!!ercial or industrial establish!ents 7ithin the vicinity that 7ould have the

probility of du!ping their che!ical 7astes in the 7aters.

he !angrooves in the area Anne% I8 7hich 7ould be ideal for fishrecruit!ent. he fisherfol8s in the area have already organied the!selves and

called their organiation 2AGA$BA5A 2ag8ahiusang $ananagat sa Barangay

5asang. Anne% ?

o reach the place, one has to 7al8 #uite a bit since the area is only

accessible through foot path. here nu!erous !ulti;colored her!it crabs. he

current 7as not that strong as the proposed site is covered the Island Garden City of

Sa!al.

Resu"ts of te Tests Con*u+te* #2 BFAR on Lasan$-Bun3an Pro1ose* Site<

(.* A. Bathy!etry

Anne% @<

28


29/51

In finding an ideal site for a $ariculture Par8, the AO echnical $anual (&

one !ust ta8e into consideration the hydrodyna!ics condition, the bathy!yetry and

the typology of the sea bed. hese factors are i!portant in the health and gro7th of

the fish 7hich 7ill naturally affect the #uantity and #uality of production.

he 5asang;Buna7an SiteFs bathy!etry sho7s the vaious depths of the sea,

there are shallo7 areas as 7ell as deep areas. he fish cages can be ideally placed

7ithin the !ediu! areas not to shallo7 and not too deep as sho7n in the

rectangular bo


30/51

here is a tendency for the depletion of fish stoc8s results fro! uncontrolled

fishing activities by local and illegal !ethods of fishing. But having a !arine

protected area 7ill ensure the preservation of the fishes.

$arine protected areas provide benefits to both the fisheries and

conservation.(% It has been established that $PAs, specially Xno;ta8eF reserves, have

high potential values for fisheries !anage!ent purposes.

isher fol8s have al7ays co!plained of decline in the nu!ber of fishes,

environ!ental da!age and other adverse i!pacts. If there is a !arine protected

area in the vicinity of the $arine Par8, this 7ould ensure the conservation of species.

$any fisheries already use various for!s of $PAs in their routine !anage!ent,

including seasonal and spatial closures of fishing ground.(4

(.* C. e!perature

7Anne% M8

he te!perature of 7ater has a lot to do 7ith successful a#uaculture and

!ariculture. ish are cold blooded ani!als and they have the sa!e body

te!perature as their environ!ent. +ence, they are directly inlfuenced by the

te!perature of the 7ater.

42 =enc'ngton( "'cardP ard( Treor and egerl( dd'e( Te BeneIts of +ar'ne,rotected Areas( Co!!onealt /e%art!ent of n'ron!ent and er'tage( 2003(tt%s&.en'ron!ent.go.ausste!Ilesresources5eaad4f9e8e045d1b88983648c7b2cebIlesbeneIts!%as.%df

43 b'd.

30

https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/5eaad4f9-e8e0-45d1-b889-83648c7b2ceb/files/benefits-mpas.pdfhttps://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/5eaad4f9-e8e0-45d1-b889-83648c7b2ceb/files/benefits-mpas.pdfhttps://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/5eaad4f9-e8e0-45d1-b889-83648c7b2ceb/files/benefits-mpas.pdfhttps://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/5eaad4f9-e8e0-45d1-b889-83648c7b2ceb/files/benefits-mpas.pdf


31/51

he te!perature in 5asang;Buna7an Site is !ore of cooler te!perature at

the botto! %?.%%;%?.*& and its surface te!perature is 7ar!est %>.&& : %>.4(.

ish do not stay on the surface, but !ore to7ards the botto!. +aving a cool

te!perature, the fishes do not have to breathe fast because their !etabolis! has

slo7ed do7n and they do not re#uire !uch o


32/51

generally re!ain 7ithin the follo7ing ranges !ost of the ti!e, in salinity the range

%*;4(ppt.

he 5asang;Buna7an Site the salinity at the botto! ranges fro! %>.*&;4&.=*, 7hich

is 7ithin the opti!u! standard.

(.* . p+

7Anne% P8

p+ is a !easure of ho7 acidic or basic al8aline a solution is. As earlier

stated, if the p+ of 7ater is too high or too lo7, the a#uatic organis!s living 7ithin it

7ill die. p+ can also affect the solubility and to


33/51

he 5asang;Buna7an Site yields that chlorophyll in the area sho7s the range

fro! &.*& : %.&& 7hich is ideal for !ariculture par8.

(.* +. Current7Anne% R8

As to the current speed, direction and volu!e, the 5asang;Buna7an Site, the

surface current, 7hich is the horiontal !ove!ent of ocean 7ater that is caused by

7ind and that occurs at or near the oceanFs surface is C$4= 4! deep 7hile the

under7ater current, 7hich occurs deep in the ocean and is influenced by 7ater

density, salinity and te!perature is C$4* %?! deep.

(.* I $icrobiological and +eavy $etal Analysis

7Anne% S8

he 5asang;Buna7an Site has , Z).? in total colifor!, Z).? in Anaerobic Plate

Count APC and an acceptable $ercury content of &.&&%pp!.

/.: Site ( ; Tori"> Daao Cit2

he second site the group visited is the oril proposed site. he said site is

located near the Coal Plant as 7ell as San $iguel Beer Plant. he current 7as also

strong considering the site is in an open sea 7ith no island in front of it.

Resu"ts of te Tests Con*u+te* #2 BFAR on Tori" Pro1ose* Site<

6hile the dissolved o


34/51

sensitive habitats such as seagrasses, coral reefs, sea7eed beds, etc., that provide

nursery areas and habitat to 7ild fish !ust be avoided.(?

(.' C. e!perature 7Anne% U8

he high te!perature of the oril Site is also is not ideal for !ariculture par8

as it di!inishes the solubility of dissolved o


35/51

C+AP-" 0I. CO2C5USIO2

Base fro! the data obtained and presented by BA", the follo7ing are the

conclusion of this Case StudyE

). he $ariculture Site in Punta Du!a"a$, $atina Aplaya, Davao City is a 7orst choice

as the 7aters are e


36/51

7ithin the standard set by the AO. he colifor!, -. Coli and APC in the results also

sho7ed that the sa!e are 7ithin the allo7able li!it. he $ercury test also yielded a

result of &.&&%pp!, again 7ithin the standard li!it.

4. he Tori" Site should be scrapped fro! the list of choices as there are corals 7ithin

the proposed site. Placing cages above or near sensitive habitats such as

seagrasses, +ora" reefs, sea7eed beds, etc., that provide nursery areas and habitat

to 7ild fish, !ust be avoided.

Add also the fact that the result of the tests sho7ed that the colifor! in

oril is 4% and that the $ercury test result is &.&&(*pp! in site ) and &.&&4( in site %

7hich is !ore than the allo7ed &.&&%pp!.

(. he Ta"o!o Ba2 Site should also be scrapped fro! the list as the there is no

available data on its !icrobiological and heavy !etals analysis of 7ater sa!ples.

36


37/51

C&APTER VII. RECOMMENDATION

hus, fro! the facts and data deduced, this Case Study has arrived at the

follo7ing reco!!endationE

). Ena+t an Or*inan+e *e+"arin$ te Lasan$-Buna3an Site as te Mari+u"ture

Par5 of Daao Cit2

Based fro! the data gathered as 7ell as the inspection conducted, the best

alternative is to transfer the site fro! Punta Du!alag to the 5asang;Buna7an Site.

here 7ill be resistance on the part of the fisherfol8 in Punta Du!alag, but the

govern!ent should be fir! in its stand so as to protect the consu!ing public and

avert !ore the possibility of health proble!s.

(. I!1ose a *ea*"ine 7one 2ear8 to te Punta Du!a"a$ fis +a$e o3ners to 3in*

u1 an* arest te re!ainin$ fis in teir 1ens

Unless there is a strong political 7ill a!ong those in the govern!ent, this

proble! of the continued rise in nu!ber of those constructing fish pens in the area

7ill never be resolved. A clear inve!tory should be conducted to deter!ine the

actual nu!ber of fish cages, the o7ners and the status of the fish in the pen. -achfish pen should be assigned a per!anent nu!ber for ease of identification.

o co!e up 7ith a 7in;7in solution, the govern!ent, understanding that

putting up the fish cages entailed capital, should i!pose a one year deadline. here

should be a $e!orandu! of Agree!ent bet7een the 5GU and the e


38/51

.Con*u+t +o!!unit2 *ia"o$ues an* infor!ation *isse!ination

Constant co!!unity dialogues and infor!ation disse!ination is a !ust to

!a8e the locals realie the seriousness of the rise in fecal colifor! in the area.

Graphic and clear pictures and fil! vie7ing of people 7ho got sic8 fro! eating

conta!inated fish should be sho7n. Also infor! the! that should there be rise in the

conta!ination, it 7ould eventually result in fish 8ill.

/.Te Baran$a2 Ca1tain sou"* ta5e te "ea*

Constiuents loo8 up to their local officals for guidance and support. he

Barangay Captain as 7ell as the Raga7ads of the barangay should !a8e an actual

inventory of household constituents along the coastal areas 7ho still do not have the

proper septage and lobby 7ith City +all for correspponding support and budget. If

budget is not available, there are 2GO groups or other agencies they can lin8 7ith to

other private groups 7ho 7or8s in this aspect.

0.Te Baran$a2 Sou"* Ai! for ero O1en Defe+ation

he reason 7hy fecal colifor! conta!inates the 7ater is beacuse of the

sanitation habits of the residences 7hen it co!es to 7aste re!oval. $ost, if not all,

particularly along the coastline, consider it nor!al and natural to defecate in the

7aters 7ithout countinfg the cost. Others perhaps 3ust do not have the finances to

co!e up 7ith a proper septage. -


39/51

A total of - barangas in 'asbate have been declared .ero open

defecation )/01* or open defecation free )01F*% A baranga is declared /01

!hen no one in the communit defecates in the open anmore% Families have

learned to use a toilet for defecation and !ash their hands after toilet use% 20ur

e3perience in 'asbate have sho!n that active involvement of communities

contributed to achieving a clean, health, dignified and child4friendl environment,2 said $leanor 5ena, head of office in ACF 'asbate%67

:. Offer in+enties to fis +a$e o3ners

he 5GU should offer incentives to fish cage o7ners 7ho 7ould decide to

transfer their operation to the 5asang;Buna7an Site, such as one year ta< free

operation or free fro! pay!ent of business per!its and the li8e. Give assistance tothe o7ners on ho7 to facilitate the transfer. Offer free technical assistance on the

construction of their ne7 fish cages as 7ell as give free fingelinglings and nets. Such

incentives 7ould encourage the o7ners to transfer as 7ell as 7ould encourage those

already in the area to cooperate and get the govern!ent fees needed to operate in

the ne7 !ariculture par8.

I!pose on the fish cage o7ners to register 7ith the Business Bureau their fish

cages and i!pose the necessary fees such as sanitation fee, etc.

. Create an E%e+utie Mana$e!ent Co!!ittee 7EMC8

-stablish an -


40/51

hey -$C should also develop a coherent set of guidelines for the planning,

!onitoring and regulation of $ariculture Par8s

=. Co!e u1 3it a Mari+u"ture onin$ P"an

he City should co!e up 7ith a co!prehensive $ariculture Woning Plan so as

to identify and delineate and designate areas that 7ould be ideal for !ariculture

par8s. Also 7ays and !easure !ust be !ade to !a8e plans that 7ould sustain the

$Ps. A budget should li8e7ise be allocated, through the approval of the City Council,

to assist !ariculture far!ers during cala!ities such as typhoons, fish 8ills and the

li8e. Carrying capacity should also be ta8en into consideration.

. Create an Mari+u"ture Par5 eniron!enta" !onitorin$ tea!). Se+ure te Eniron!enta" Certifi+ate fro! te DENR

REFERENCES

Adora, Gil., ood Security through $aricuture Par8 Pro3ects in the Phlippines,httpE99777.pe!sea.org9eascongress9international;conference9presentation[t*;)[adora.pdf

Alliance for the Chesapea8e BayFs "iverrends $anual

40

http://www.pemsea.org/eascongress/international-conference/presentation_t5-1_adora.pdfhttp://www.pemsea.org/eascongress/international-conference/presentation_t5-1_adora.pdfhttp://www.pemsea.org/eascongress/international-conference/presentation_t5-1_adora.pdfhttp://www.pemsea.org/eascongress/international-conference/presentation_t5-1_adora.pdf


41/51

httpE99777.long7ood.edu9cleanva97orld[7ater[!onitoring[va9resiedH%&i!ages97ater[#uality[para!eter[info[acb.pdf

Assess!ent of I!pacts on $ariculture, OSPA" Co!!ission, %&&>,httpE99#sr%&)&.ospar.org9!edia9assess!ents9p&&((%[I!pacts[of[$ariculture.pdf

Baget, Christina, -coto(4e9


42/51

olley, 5ou7anda 6., 6hat is ecal Colifor!@ 6hy is It I!portant@,httpE99777.cle!son.edu9e?'

2ational Geographic,httpE99education.nationalgeographic.co!9encyclopedia9bathy!etry9

2o co!!ercial ishing in $arine Par8s can benefit fisheries, 7ildlife, and +ongRongFs econo!y if proper !easures are in place to regulate fishing and providealternative livelihoods, 2ov. %4, %&&>, httpE99777.legco.gov.h89yr&>;)&9english9panels9ea9papers9ea))%4cb);('%;4;e.pdf

Protect Planet Ocean, 6hat Are $arine Protected Areas $PAs@httpE99777.protectplanetocean.org9collections9introduction9introbo


43/51

roell, $. "_nnb`c8, P. +alling, C. Rauts8y, 2. ] Busch!ann, A., -cological-ngineering in A#uacultureE Use of Sea7eeds for "e!oving 2utirents ro!Intensive $ariculture, )>>>.

0ol8!na, .R. efrrey, S.6. 2ichols, P.D., "ogers, G.I. and Garland, C.D., atty

Acid and 5ipid Co!position of )& Species of $icroalgae Used in $ariculture, )>?>.

6hy 6ater Tuality Control is Critical to ish ar!ers,httpE99a#uaculturedirectory.co.u897hy;7ater;#uality;control;is;critical;to;the;fish;far!er9

6i8ipedia, httpsE99en.7i8ipedia.org97i8i9Colifor![bacteria

Waldivar, ade C., Du!alag ish Cages Closed, -dge Davao,

httpE99777.edgedavao.net9inde


44/51

ANNE'ES

Anne% A. DENR A*!inistratie Or*er No. /> Series of )

44


45/51

(nne* +. &he ,rou"- (melia . +i/era Shiela Legaria Michelle Polistico osalietero Melod +alicat.

(nne* D. Punta Dumalag Mariculture Par%

45

(nne* . &he ,rou" at the (ngels ove +eachesort


46/51

(nne* 4. #ouses on the 5aters of Punta Dumalag

(nne* F. Sam"ling Points fro the 5ater Sam"les from Punta Dumalag

46


47/51

(nne* ,.oliform (nalsis esults of the oastal 6aters inMatina Davao it

(nne* ). &he Mangrooves at the Lasang+una6an Site

47

(nne* #. (t the Police Station of+aranga Lasang


48/51

(nne* 8. (li Pesadas !0 ears old mem/er of the 9ag%ahiusang Mananagat sa+aranga Lasang :9(,(M+(L(;

(nne*


49/51

(nne* M. &em"erature :Lasang+una6an Site;

(nne* 9. Dissolved *gen :Lasang+una6an Site;

(nne* . Salinit :Lasang+una6an Site;

49


50/51

(nne* P. "# :Lasang+una6an Site;

(nne* =.hloro"hll :lasang+una6an Site;

(nne* .urrent :Lasang+una6an Site;

50


51/51

(nne* S. Micro/iological > heav Metals (nalsis of 5aterSam"les

(nne* &. oral (reas :&oril Site;

Date post:	07-Aug-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	amelia-c-bibera
View:	217 times
Download:	0 times

Case Study: Mariculture

Documents