Title Page No. Acknowledgement 02 Field work schedule 03 Introduction to Field Work 04 Case work as a method of social work 05 Placement 06 Agency 07 Establishment 07 Aims and objectives of CRC 09 Services offered by CRC 10 Departments running in CRC 11 Structure 12 Location, Road map 13 Hierarchy of CRC 14 Sister organization running under CRC 15 Objectives of Field Work 16 Role of case worker in disabilities 17 Case work process 18 Case background 20 Relationship chat of client 21 First meeting with client 22 Second meeting with client, meeting with grandmother 23 Home visit 25 Interview with neighbor 28 Diagnosis 29 Treatment 30 Termination 32 Application of case work principals 33 Learning 34 Suggestions 35 Limitations 36 Conclusion 37 Bibliography 38 Page | 1
Transcript
Title Page No.
Acknowledgement 02
Field work schedule 03
Introduction to Field Work 04
Case work as a method of social work 05
Placement 06
Agency 07
Establishment 07
Aims and objectives of CRC 09
Services offered by CRC 10
Departments running in CRC 11
Structure 12
Location, Road map 13
Hierarchy of CRC 14
Sister organization running under CRC 15
Objectives of Field Work 16
Role of case worker in disabilities 17
Case work process 18
Case background 20
Relationship chat of client 21
First meeting with client 22
Second meeting with client, meeting with grandmother 23
Home visit 25
Interview with neighbor 28
Diagnosis 29
Treatment 30
Termination 32
Application of case work principals 33
Learning 34
Suggestions 35
Limitations 36
Conclusion 37
Bibliography 38
AcknowledgementPage | 1
I Mohd Aslam student of MSW 1st Sem. From the department Of
Sociology and Social work. Before proceeding to my field work
report I want to thank the Department of Sociology and Social
work which provide me an opportunity to collect information from
the grass root level by making direct interaction with the disabled
persons
I want to convey my special regards to Mr. Sarfaraz Ahmad
Faculty supervisor and Dr. Zaffar Iqbal agency supervisor who has
been all along helping and guiding us in preparing this report
I also want to thank me co-workers Sumaiya, Mehboob,
Gulzar and Ommer khan for their assistance and contribution in
multiple ways.
Mohd Aslam
MSW 1st Sem 2011
Roll No 30917
Page | 2
Field Work ScheduleDay and Date Timing Activity Performed Time spent in Hours
Wednesday01 June 2011
10:30 am to 4:00 pm
Orientation 5 ½ hour
Thursday02June 2011
10:30 am to 4:00 pm
Observation and Information about Agency 5 ½ hours
Wednesday08 June 2011
10:30 am to 3:30 pm
First meeting with client 5 hours
Thursday09June 2011
10:30 am to 3:30 pm
Second meeting with client 5 hours
Wednesday015 June 2011
10:30 am to 4:00 pm
Attend the lecture of Dr. Vinod Kumar On Braille
5 ½ hours
Thursday16June 2011
10:30 am to 4:00 pm
Third meeting with client 5 ½ hours
Wednesday22 June 2011
10:30 am to 4:00 pm
Introduction about physiotherapy 5 ½ hours
Thursday23June 2011
Accompanied group mate to home visit 1 hour
Wednesday29 June 2011
10:30 am to 3:00 pm
Attend the function of hearing and distribution camp4 ½ hours
Thursday30June 2011
12:00 am to 02:00 pm
Home visit 2 hours
Wednesday06 July 2011
01:00 am02:00 pm
Helped my co-worker in home visit 1 hour
Thursday07July 2011
11:00 am12:00 pm
Meeting with neighbors 1 hour
Wednesday13 July 2011
Strike
Thursday014July 2011
10:30 am to 3:30 pm
Last meeting for Termination 5 hours
Total visits
Page | 3
13 days -- -- 52 hours
Introduction to Field Work
The term Field Work may be described as gaining experience by utilizing knowledge and developing skills to deal with the problems of human beings. Field Work in Social Work means any kind of practical experience in a social organization or agency.
Field work or Field Study is an important part of Social Work. The concept and all the problems of social studies are grasped and understood by working in the field the observations of the social worker in the field also plays an important role in the field work. Studying of thoughts is incomplete in paper unless and until their practical application and implication are observed and felt in the field practically.
Field work programme provides an opportunity to students to apply their theoretical knowledge taught in the class room appropriately in different practical situations. Similarly, it serves as a social laboratory where in a student tests his theoretical knowledge in practical situations and develops the skill for social living. It is a way to transform knowledge through certain skills for social living.
It is evident that fieldwork varies in quality and quantity. It is imparted under the supervision and guidance of trained and experienced persons (Faculty supervisor and Agency Supervisor) in social work.
In simple words it can be said that theory without practice is empty and practice without theory is meaningless
Page | 4
Meaning, Scope and nature of Social Case Work
Social case work means that process which develops personality through adjustment consciously affected, individual by individual, between men and their social environment. Perlman (1957) says case work is a process used by certain human welfare agencies to help the individuals to cope up more effectively with their problems in social functioning.
The practice of social case work is a humanistic attempt for helping people who have difficulty in coping with the problems of daily living. It is one of the direct methods which uses case by case approach for dealing with individuals. Social case work is primarily related with psychosocial problems. It consists of the study of mental, emotional, and social factors.
Every social problem is the outcome of many external and internal factors. Therefore when we deal with the individual problems, we also have to deal with his experiences and reaction towards his problems. In social case work an individual, group, situation or phenomena is recognized as a unit of study and various aspects of the unity are studied properly. In it the social object preserves the unitary character
Case Work as a Method of Social Work
Social case work is a primary method of Social Work, related to psychosocial problems. It consists of the study of mental emotional and social factor. The practice of case work is a humanistic attempt for helping people who have difficulties in coping with the problems of daily living. It is one of the direct method of social work which uses the case by case approach for dealing with individuals or families as regards their problems of social functioning.
The process of social case work involves the study of individual problem in its total setting. It is concerned with the understanding of individuals as whole personalities and with the adjustment of these individuals to socially
Page | 5
healthy life. As a method of work, it involves a very careful observation of a problem
PlacementWe the students of MSW 1st Sem. Department of Sociology and Social Work of University of Kashmir has been divided into Eight groups and were sent to various agencies for our concurrent field work. Our group consisted of five members namely
Sumiya Ashraf Mehboob Mir Mohd. Aslam Lone Gulzar Ahmad Padder Ommer Khan
We were placed in Composite Regional Centre Bemina (CRC) for our concurrent field
work. Under the supervision of Mr Sarfaraz Ahmad (Faculty Supervisor) and Dr. Zaffar
Iqbal (the agency supervisor).
In the Composite regional Center our group was distributed among various
departments for the case studies. I was placed in Department of Physiotherapy for my
case study.
Page | 6
AgencyIntroduction
Composite Regional centre is a governmental organization for persons with disabilities. The institution is serving the persons with all kinds of disabilities. The institution catering the comprehensive rehabilitation service and special education to locomotors, speech and hearing, mentally challenged, visual impaired and persons with multiple disabilities through well equipped departments.
Establishment
Composite Regional Centre for persons with disabilities came into existence in the year 2000 It is situated near Sheri –i- Kashmir institute of Medical Science, Bemina Srinagar (J&K). Its foundation was laid down by Manika Gandi in 1995-1996.
It has been established by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment Govt. of India under the persons with disabilities (equal opportunities, protection of rights and full
participation) Act 1995 which enjoys both the central and state Govts. To take large no of steps for disabled which covers both preventive and promotional aspects of rehabilitation like education, health, employment, vocational tanning, research, and manpower development for persons with disabilities
The institution is serving the persons with all kinds of disabilities. The institution catering the comprehensive rehabilitation service and special education to locomotors, speech and hearing, mentally challenged, visual impaired and persons with multiple disabilities through well equipped departments.
The govt. of India, Ministry of Social Justice and empowerment has established National Institutes in each major area
National Institute for visually handicapped, Dehradun
National Institute for orthopedically handicapped, Kolkata
Page | 7
National Institute for Mentally Handicapped, Andhra Pradesh
Ali Yawar Jung National Institute for Hearing handicapped Mumbai
However the present institutional framework doesn’t appear to be adequate particularly in the view of persons disability Act (1995)
In this context it was proposed to setup six composite regional centers for persons with disabilities in certain regions of the country which will provide services in the field of disability rehabilitation covering all the areas
The Composite Regional Centre Srinagar is one among the Six Composite Regional Centers in the county
Page | 8
Aims and Objectives of Composite Regional Centre
Human Resource Development by training rehabilitation professionals, village
level workers, multi rehabilitation workers
Linkage with existing medical, educational, and employment services following
the principals of community based rehabilitation (CRC) and offer extension
services in the rural areas
To provide rehabilitation service to the persons with disabilities
To serve as resource centre for rehabilitation and special education for persons
with disabilities
Disability evaluation and certification
Vocational training and employment
Counseling, guidance and involvement of parents and family
Page | 9
Services Offered by
Composite Regional Centre Srinagar
The Centre is delivering the following comprehensive rehabilitation services to persons with disabilities. The services at glance are:
Hearing Evaluation
Speech and Language Assessment
Auditory Training
Speech and language Therapy
Hearing Aid distribution under ADIP
Pre-School and Model School for children with hearing impaired &
intellectually challenged
Psychotherapy
Family counseling
Special education Assessment
Physiotherapy
Electrotherapy
Occupational therapy
Fabrication of artificial limb
Belt, Wheel chair
Facilitation in job placement of persons with disabilities in private and
govt. sectorPage | 10
Parents training programme.
Departments running in Composite Regional Centre
Deptt. Of Rehabilitation Psychology
Deptt. Of Speech and Hearing
Deptt. Of Prosthetics and Orthotics
Deptt. Of Occupational Therapy
Deptt. Of Physiotherapy
Deptt. Of Deptt. vocational Training and Employment
Deptt. Of Special Education
Model School for children with special needs
Page | 11
Structure of Composite Regional Centre
Exam Hall
Canteen
Faculty Room
Toilet
Exit Auditorium
Entry Upstairs
Class Rooms
VI Director Conference Room
Page | 12
P. T O. T Exit Mental Psychology
Fitting room
Speech & Language
Library
Special School
Entry
ProstheticOrthotics Rehabilitation
Toilet Administration Office
Location of Composite Regional Centre
Composite Regional Centre (CRC) is located at Bemina 6 Km away from the heart of Srinagar (Lal Chowk) in the north, near Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Bemina. We can approach CRC via National Highway by pass.
Road Map Baramulla
Composite Regional Centre Bemina
Polytechnic Hajj House Bye Pass
J&K BOSE SKIMS Bemina
Islamabad
Qamarwari
Bemina, Batamaloo Lal chowk
Page | 13
CRC
Hierarchy in CRC
Director (Hilal Ahmad Paray)
Deputy Director (Bashir Ahmad) HOD Academics: (Dr. Zaffar Iqbal)
OT Deptt. Vinod Kumar Reh. Psychology: Nazia Special School: Aalia
Other Persons involved in Composite Regional Centre are
Librarian: Khursheed Ahamad
Store Keeper: Gowher Ah.
Receptionist: Rifat, Afroza, Gulshan
Gardner’s: M. Yousf, Javid Ah. And Rafeeq
Driver: Parvaiz Ah.
Canteen: Manzoor AhmadPage | 14
Night Chowkidar: Manzoor Ah.
Gate Keeper: Ab Rashid, Hyder.
Sister Organization running under the supervision of Composite Regional Centre
Six District disability centers are working under CRC, Srinagar. These are as under:
District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Udhumpore.
District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Baramulla.
District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Leh.
District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Anantnag.
District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Doda.
District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Poonch.
Page | 15
Objectives of Field Work1. To study the nature, scope, extension and magnitude of case
work in the organization.2. To understand the application of case work principles in
practice.3. To study the process of case work (intake, study, assessment,
intervention, termination, evaluation)4. To study ways of diagnosing problems and preparing treatment
plan.5. To learn the interviewing process in case work.6. To learn the techniques and skills used in case work process.7. To conduct counseling/home visits.8. To prepare case work records.
Page | 16
Role of case work in disabilities
Disable persons are the weaker sections of our society and needs proper care and
opportunities so that they cannot feel isolated from the society. Every person has a
greater role in the upliftment of the disabled persons, so is the role of the
professional Social worker. The social case worker uses scientific techniques and
skills to provide services to the differently able persons.
Serious illness and disability account for many of the problems addressed by social services. In addition to the need for adequate primary care, the ill and disabled also frequently face disruption or loss of income, inability to meet family responsibilities, the long-term process of recovery or adjustment to handicaps, and ongoing care in the form of medication, therapy, and the observance of dietary or other precautions.
In some countries, medical social workers are local-authority social workers who have been attached to hospitals, local general-practice health centres, and child guidance agencies. They provide the counseling and other supportive services required by the physically ill and the disabled and their families. Especially in countries where free medical care is not available to the poor, the responsibility for means-testing gives the workers an additional, advisory role with respect to their clients' financial problems. Personal social services make arrangements for domiciliary care in the form of regular visits from home-helpers and occupational therapists; special appliances and home adaptations are supplied either by personal social services or by health services. In the case of severely disabled people personal social services run day-care centres to provide relief for family care providers and small residential homes for the most dependent disabled when they no longer require hospital care.
Intake is the administrative process which starts with the forst encounter and
ends usually with the second interview either with the case worker or the intake worker. This stage is very crucial and it requires a very skillfull probing into clients problem gathering all the relevant information about the person. The intake worker focuses on certain questions like
What are the needs of person?
How and where his needs can be met?
The nature of the request, Does the request relates directly with the needs?
His occupation. The person who is accompany him.
The level of frequency in which he is talking.
His appearance? Dress? Level of language frequency? etc
These questions give a broad picture of the person and other areas. The intake procedure if implemented properly helps the agency to avoid wastage of resources, frustration to the client and helps in utilizing time in a better way.
Study: Study is the process of gathering all the possible information of the client.
It requires an analysis of social, psychological and biological determinants of the clients current stressful situation. It may seek to include historical data on related past life experiences and facts responsible. These are some methods of data collection for study, they are observation, interview, home visits, and recording.
Page | 18
I was assigned the case by the agency supervisor for my case work study process and intervention. His personal data is as:
Identifying information
Name of the Client: Beeba (name changed)
Age: 48 years
Sex : Female
Religion: Muslim
Education: Nill
Address: Noorbagh Srinagar
Nature of the problem: My client was fell from Motor cycle
Nature of Client: My client is extrovert, loneliness and has depression
Date of admission in the agency: 12- May- 2011
Reason of Admission: she was not in position to movement with arm and was send to the agency
Fathers Name: Late Gh.Hassan Bhat (name changed)
Occupation: Labour
Education: Illiterate
Income: 3000/month
Mothers name: Hajra (name Changed)
Occupation: House WifePage | 19
Education: Illiterate
Case background
My client is a 48 year old lady woman, she lived a happy life. One day she heard a news that her husband had died due to some Grenade explosion that had happened in Srinagar in 1963. At that time my client went by motor cycle to the hospital and on the way she was fell from it that leads to her disability. From that time she (client) is also suffering from Hypertension and Dubieties
Family Tree of my Client
BEEBA (Client) Name changed
Son Daughter
Grand Children
Page | 20
H c
D
D
Relationship of my Client with Family Members
Page | 21
sonRelatives
Daughter
Daughter in law
Client
Preliminary Study
The background of the above case was studied carefully. A thorough reading from the case file of the agency was made. Certain information was collected from the members of the department, and I thought over the entire case to understand the logic reason of the problem of my client.
First Meeting with the client:
On 08th June 2011, I was assigned the case and Dr Vinod accompanied with me
and introduced my work with the departmental head. During the first meeting my
client was very silent. This was natural because he was meeting the caseworker, a
virtual stranger, for the first time. He did not know anything about the caseworker.
Normally no one would like to discuss personal problems with unknown person.
Being the first visit I decided to introduce myself to him, to make him feel I was
his friend, philosopher, and enabler. Generally the friendship cannot be developed
in one meeting but to begin with one has to try to make the other feel that he is
interested in being a friend. Friendship develops on the basis of nature like
mindedness, interests, feelings, positive attitudes, good approaches and the like so
to strike a relation of friendship with him I decided to understand his interests likes
and dislikes. All efforts were put in to create a cordial atmosphere and I managed
to create a feeling of assurance in him.
It was the the first meeting and I decided not to take a lot of time.I asked
her to come tomorrow so that I will get more information and she agreed.
Page | 22
Second Meeting with the client:
In the second meeting when I enter into the agency she was laying on her bed and
was looking fresh and waiting for me to come to the agency. I was very happy to
see this and I got confidence and this was a sign of acceptance as a friend. I take
this opportunity and started communicate with my client as :
Caseworker: How are you feeling nowadays?
Client: better to some extent. But I am not feeling well properly.
Caseworker: are you having pain all the day:
Client: no! but whenever I carry anything I get severe pain, it is a big problem, I
cannot help my daughter in law in house hold work. I do not want to be burden on
them.
Caseworker: Please can you tell me about that accident.
Client: She said some 17 years before I was at home and somebody told me that
grenade explosion has happened in Srinagar in which my husband had injured. I
went to the hospital by the motor cycle and on the way I fell from it.\
Caseworker: didn’t you get the immediate treatment after the accident?
Page | 23
Client: No my dear, the conditions were very bad. I was unable to meet the doctor.
His death broke me and make me all alone. I just wanted to die at that time. But
who can change the fate.
She got nervous and I don’t want to play with her emotions I tolerated the situation
taking into consideration the principle of controlled emotional involvement and
diverted her attention towards the day’s climate.
She told me that she has to left for some personal matter.
Page | 24
Home Visit
Home visit in simpler terms means to make a visit to clients home on his consent. The importance of family has been well recognized by the personnel in social work especially in the study of emotional, social and physical aspects of family life is necessary to plan the treatment effectively. It is also very important to gather sufficient details of information so that our prediction has less chance of being based on prejudices and this is achieved easily and effectively through home visits
Home visits aim at therapeutic, sustaining and preventive measures as well. At the W.H.O. European conference on Mental Hygiene Practice 1959 it was recommended that home visits should be used for diagnostic purposes as well as for treatment and supervision of long term patients in their own homes
By home visit one sees the environment in which the patient lives observes family and other relevant social interactions at first hand and develops a fuller diagnostic understanding of the patient for appropriate treatment planning. Home visit has thus become an effective tool in total treatment programme.
Page | 25
Home visit of my client
Before the visit my client has asked me to take the consent of my son . I make a one call to her son and asked wether I would come or not. His son give me a permission. I along my co-workers left from the agency. It was about 12 km’s away from the agency. We knocked the door of my client’s house and two members of the come out, I told about myself and my purpose. They welcome us and asked to come in.
I asked about my client’s health and presence.
They replied that she has went to agency for her daily exercise and said she has recovered to some extent.
Then I discussed with her daughter in law as:
Caseworker: is there any behavioral change since accident?
Daughter in law: A lot of change has happened from that time, especially after her surgeries. She often shows a rude behavior and lose her temperament
Caseworker: I asked her about the cause of Beeba’s problem?
Daughter in law: she replied the same storey as my client had described earlier
Caseworker: is there any medical intervention going on?
Daughter in law: yes she replied. She goes for checkup every week. Our families half income is spent on her
Page | 26
Environment at Home: Observations
My client is living in a small house with only four rooms plastered with mud
Old fashioned house one storied showing her low economic conditions
Having small lawn with limited space for recreation
Polluted environment
Poor economic conditions
Page | 27
Interviews with neighbors:
I enquired about the case from the neighbors who gave the different picture about my clients condition. I came to know that from last eight years their condition were very poor. They would have not proper meals, medication for Beeba, after the death of her husband their condition changed as he was the only earning hand of the family.
She must be linked to any governmental scheme for financial assistance so that she may have proper medication. Her neighbors are very helpful and are always ready to help her in one or the other way.
Page | 28
Diagnosis
“Diagnosis: the client seeks help to solve his problem. To solve problems, one must know the cases. The diagnostic process helps in organizing these causative factors in one whole, thereby making it more meaningful. One can see the whole and its parts in relation to each other
According to Perlman 1957 diagnosis process involves examining the part of a problem for their particular nature and organization, for the inter relationships among them, for the relation between them and the means of their solution. Thus the diagnostic process according to her includes the conclusions this process leads to, stating that the trouble seems to be, how it is related to goal, and what means the agency, case worker and client himself can bring to bear upon the trouble.”
Diagnosis of my client
Apart from her physical disability It was diagnosed that my client is having:
Depression: because of the poor economic condition and hypertension my client often remains in depression
Page | 29
Extrovert person: she talks with me too much showing her extrovertness
Sensitive person: my client was full of emotions and was unable to control her emotions
Treatment
The purpose, for which social study and psychosocial assessment (diagnosis) are undertaken, is case work intervention (treatment). The first stage in intervention involves planning. The questions to be answered by the worker at this stage are: “what kind of Treatment will best stabiles or improve the clients functioning or better meet his needs?” in terms of the social adaptation or adjustment, which will be of most value to him?” it is important to stress, however that each step in treatment must be taken jointly with the client since he is the person who will ultimately determine his engagement in this process. The aptitude, skills, and knowledge of the individual worker may promote the treatment process.
Plan of treatment
The first help my requires is remove the gap between my client and her daughter-in-law. Make him a member of the family. The treatment plan should be of long run. Therefore such a problem should be solved effectively. Taking all the conditions into account, a proper treatment plan was to be prepared.
The treatment plan reads as:
1: It was necessary to render family counseling. As this counseling was required to create a favorable atmosphere of my client as she was in
Page | 30
deep trouble. It was necessary to make her relations with her family members good.
2: To link client with social welfare department. I linked my client with the social welfare department which will provide her widow pension scheme monthly
3: motivated her in building self confidence
Counseling: Counseling is a process to assist to the individuals in
understanding himself vis a vis his situation and problems, in exploring alternate solutions, in taking most appropriate decisions in the situation, and in enhancing his capacity to solve problems independently. Counseling is not possible without rapport and effective communication. No attempt is made in counseling to go deeper into the personality pattern of the counselee. The system of study, assessment, goal formation, treatment planning, treatment and termination of social case work is not followed in counseling. Interviewing techniques in counseling are the same as are used in case work.
The counselor like the case worker works with the counselee to adjust to the situation though he never tries to change the situation of the counselee. Counseling also enables the counselee to solve his future problems on his own that is it leads to self counseling .Counseling also helped to remove all the misunderstanding between the two families.
Being a fresh student of social work it was difficult for me to counsel the clients family. So before going into the family of my client a counseling session was planned. with the help of social work skills and techniques I removed the gap between the client and her daughter in law and there was a change in both and a favourable atmosphere was created.
Page | 31
Termination and evaluation
As my client was processing well I think that I should terminate the case, but I also suggested her to have a close contact with the agency for her regular exercises and also to present herself before the social welfare department per month so as to get widow pension.
The purpose of evaluation as a process of case work is to see If our rwork are yielding any result or not. If the techniques used are serving the purpose and if the goals are being achieved. The process of intervention designed by me was to some extent was result oriented and each cause of action resulted into a desired reaction. I will do the further follow-ups and the rehabilitation process is still going on.
Page | 32
Application of case Work Principals
.
Principle of acceptance
Principle of confidentiality
Principle of controlled emotional involvement
Principle of non judjemental attitude
Principle of communication
Page | 33
Learning’s
Exposure to field work
Skills for building a good relations
I came to know about various disabilities in Kashmir
I came to know the importance of communication.
Learned to understand non-verbal communication
I Learned how to implement theory in practice
I Learnt that Rapport building is not an easy job as it
seems to be.
I Learnt that even a disabled person has such capacities
that normal persons lack.
Page | 34
Suggestions
Family should not take disabled persons the as burden, they should support them.
Transport facilities should be provided to disabled persons
Proper awareness about different schemes for disabled
Provide recreational facilities
Page | 35
Limitations The time period was limited to 13 visits only.
There was no proper record of clients in the agency.
Lack of infrastructure
Lack of transport facilities.
Page | 36
conclusion
A disabled person should be treated as friendly. We should not consider them as a burden rather we should treat them in such a way so that they will not feel themselves as dependent. We should treat the disabled person just like any other member of the family. He/She should be not rejected,because with proper training a disabled can take care himself/herself if given a chance. We should always be empathetic towards the disabled persons.
Page | 37
Bibliography
Batcharia, S. (2002). Social Work an integrated approach. Bhopal: Deep and Deep Publication Pvt. Ltd.
maga. (2009, May June). Composite Regional Centre . pp. 1-8, 19-25.
Perlman. (2002). Social Case Work. university of chicago: chicgo press
Subhedar, I. S. (2001). Field Work Training in Social Work. jaipur India: Rawat Publication.
Upadhyay, R. K. (2003). Social Case Work, A Therapeutic Approach. Jaipur India: Rawat Publications.
