Cases 1 - Election Laws

7/25/2019 Cases 1 - Election Laws

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Election Laws 1

SUNGA vs. COMELEC (288 SCRA 76, G.R. No. 125629, March 25, 1998) 2PENERA vs. COMELEC (599 SCRA 69, G.R. No. 18161!, Nov"#$"r 25, 29) 5RULLO%A vs. COMELEC (!95 SCRA 5!5, G.R. No. 15&198, 'aar* 2, 2!) 1SUL+GU+N vs. COMELEC (&85 SCRA 219, G.R. No. 166&6, March 2!, 26) 11PACANAN vs. COMELEC (G.R. No. 18622&, As- 25, 29, 597 SCRA 189) 15

AGU+LAR vs. COMELEC (G.R. No. 1851&, '" !, 29, 591 SCRA &91) 19AGU+AM vs. COMELEC (59& SCRA &7&, G.R. No. 18&81, '/* !, 29) 2!

0+NCE, 'R. vs. COMELEC (2&2 SCRA 27!, G.R. Nos. 11162&25, March 9, 1995) 25L+0ANAN vs. RE (28! SCRA 52, G.R. No. 12978!, %"c"#$"r 22, 1997) !1MARUOM vs. COMELEC (!!1 SCRA &7!, G.R. No. 1!9!57, Ma* 5, 2) !6PE3A vs. RE (27 SCRA !&, G.R. No. 12!!7, March 21, 1997) &2

Compiled by: M. Cervantes and B. Cezar


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Election Laws 2

SUNGA vs. COMELEC (288 SCRA 76, G.R. No. 125629,March 25, 1998)1

h4s "-4-4o or c"r-4orar4 "r R/" 65 o -h" 1997 R/"s oC4v4/ Proc"r" s""s -o a/ a s"- as4", or hav4 $""r""r" 4-h rav" a$s" o 4scr"-4o a#o-4 -o /ac or":c"ss o ;r4s4c-4o, -h" 17 Ma* 1996 R"so/-4o o -h"COMELEC 2 %4v4s4o 4 Sa v. r44a, SPA No. 9521! 14s#4ss4 -h" "-4-4o or 4s


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Election Laws 3

4s


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Election Laws 4

4s


5/44

Election Laws 5

+ ac-, o -h" $as4s o -h4s R"or- a R"co##"a-4o -h"COMELEC 4r"c-" -h" 4/4 o or (&) cr4#4a/ 4or#a-4osaa4s- r44a $"or" -h" R"4oa/ r4a/ Cor-, a 44ca-4o-ha- -h"r" as 4"" r4#a ac4" "v4"c" o v4o/a-4o o"/"c-4o /as.

o"v"r, SaDs co-"-4o -ha- h" 4s "-4-/" -o $" roc/a4#"as -h" /* "/"c-" Ma*or o -h" M4c4a/4-* o +4, Prov4c"

o Caa*a, 4 -h" "v"- -ha- r44a 4s 4s


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7/44

Election Laws 7

h"-h"r a-4oa/ or /oca/, r4 or a* o4c" o-h"r -ha -h"o" h4ch h"Ksh" 4s ho/4 4 a "r#a"- caac4-*, ":c"- orr"s4"- a v4c"r"s4"-, sha// $" ""#" r"s4" o/*o -h" s-ar- o -h" ca#a4 "r4o corr"so4 -o -h"os4-4o or h4ch h"Ksh" 4s r4? Prov4", r-h"r, ha-,/a/ ac-s or o#4ss4os a/4ca$/" -o a ca4a-" sha// -a"""c- o -h" s-ar- o -h" aor"sa4 ca#a4 "r4o? Prov4",4a//*, ha-, or ros"s o -h" Ma* 11, 1998 "/"c-4os, -h""a/4" or 4/4 o -h" c"r-44ca-" o ca4ac* or -h" os4-4oso Pr"s4"-, F4c"Pr"s4"-, S"a-ors a ca4a-"s "r -h"ar-*/4s- s*s-"# as "// as "-4-4os or r"4s-ra-4o aKor

#a4"s-a-4o -o ar-4c4a-" 4 -h" ar-*/4s- s*s-"# sha// $" o="$rar* 9, 1998 h4/" -h" "a/4" or -h" 4/4 o c"r-44ca-" oca4ac* or o-h"r os4-4os sha// $" o March 27, 1998.

h" o4c4a/ $a//o-s sha// $" r4-" $* -h" Na-4oa/ Pr4-4 O4c"aKor -h" 0ao S"-ra/ P4/44as a- -h" r4c" co#ara$/"4-h -ha- o r4va-" r4-"rs "r ro"r s"cr4-* #"asr"sh4ch -h" Co##4ss4o sha// ao-. h" Co##4ss4o #a*co-rac- -h" s"rv4c"s o r4va-" r4-"rs o c"r-44ca-4o $* -h"Na-4oa/ Pr4-4 O4c"K0ao S"-ra/ P4/44as -ha- 4- cao-#""- -h" r4-4 r"


8/44

Election Laws 8

/"4s/a-4v" 4-"- r"v"-s -h" 4##"4a-" a/4ca-4o o S"c-4o8 o -h" O#4$s E/"c-4o Co" -o -hos" 4/4 -o #""- -h" "ar/*"a/4". h" c/"ar 4-"-4o o Cor"ss as -o r"s"rv" -h""/"c-4o "r4os as : : : 4:" $* ":4s-4 /a r4or -o RA 8&!6a -ha- o" ho 4/"s -o #""- -h" "ar/* "a/4" 4// s-4// o- $"cos4"r" as a ca4a-".! (E#has4s 4 -h" or44a/)

Lao- as "c4" o -h" ro -ha- o" ho 4/"s a c"r-44ca-"o ca4ac* 4s o- a ca4a-" -4/ -h" s-ar- o -h" ca#a4"r4o. h4s ro as $as" o -h" "/4$"ra-4os o -h"/"4s/a-ors ho ":/a4" -h" 4-"- o -h" rov4s4os o RA 8&!6,h4ch /a4 -h" /"a/ ra#"or or a a-o#a-" "/"c-4o s*s-"#.h"r" as o ":r"ss rov4s4o 4 -h" or44a/ RA 8&!6 s-a-4-ha- o" ho 4/"s a c"r-44ca-" o ca4ac* 4s o- a ca4a-"-4/ -h" s-ar- o -h" ca#a4 "r4o.

Bh" Cor"ss a#"" RA 8&!6, Cor"ss "c4" -o":r"ss/* 4corora-" -h" Lao- oc-r4" 4-o /a, r"a/44 -ha-Lao- #"r"/* r"/4" o -h" "/4$"ra-4os o Cor"ss 4 ho/4-ha-

h" c/"ar 4-"-4o o Cor"ss as -o r"s"rv" -h" "/"c-4o

"r4os as : : : 4:" $* ":4s-4 /a r4or -o RA 8&!6 a -ha-o" ho 4/"s -o #""- -h" "ar/* "a/4" 4// s-4// o- $"cos4"r" as a ca4a-".& (E#has4s s/4")

Cor"ss a-" -o 4sr" -ha- o "rso 4/4 a c"r-44ca-" oca4ac* "r -h" "ar/* "a/4" r"


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Election Laws 9

ca4a-" -o s"a o r4or -o -h" s-ar- o -h" ca#a4 "r4o.h"r"or", "s4-" -h" 4/4 o h"r c"r-44ca-" o ca4ac*, -h"/a o"s o- cos4"r P""ra a ca4a-" a- -h" -4#" o -h"


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Election Laws 10

Cor- 4 G.R. No. 18161! ro#/a-" o 11 S"-"#$"r 29,as "// as -h" R"so/-4os a-" 2& '/* 27 a ! 'aar*28 o -h" COMELEC S"co %4v4s4o a -h" COMELEC E0ac, r"s"c-4v"/*, 4 SPA No. 722&. Rosa/4a A. P""ra sha//co-4" as Ma*or o S-a. Mo4ca, Sr4ao "/ Nor-".

SO OR%ERE%.

RULLO%A vs. COMELEC (!95 SCRA 5!5, G.R. No. 15&198,'aar* 2, 2!)!

+ -h" $araa* "/"c-4os o '/* 15, 22, Ro#"o N. R//oa

a R"#"4o L. P/ac4o "r" -h" co-"4 ca4a-"s or

0araa* Cha4r#a o S-o. o#as, Sa 'ac4-o, Paas4a. O

'" 22, 22, Ro#"o s"r" a h"ar- a--ac a ass" aa*

a- -h" Maa/*o C4-* M"4ca/ C"-"r.1

4s 4o, "-4-4o"r P"-ro4/a 0"--* R//oa, ro-" a /"--"r -o

-h" Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os o '" 25, 22 s""4

"r#4ss4o -o r as ca4a-" or 0araa* Cha4r#a o S-o.

o#as 4 /4" o h"r /a-" hs$a.2P"-4-4o"rHs r"


11/44

Election Laws 11

R"so"-s $as" -h"4r ar#"- -ha- -h" s$s-4--4o o

ca4a-"s 4s o- a//o" 4 $araa* "/"c-4os o S"c-4o 77 o

-h" O#4$s E/"c-4os Co", h4ch s-a-"s?

S"c-4o 77. Ca4a-"s 4 cas" o "a-h, 4s


12/44

Election Laws 12

O Ma* 26, 2&, -h" M0OC 4/" $"or" -h" Co#"/"c aP"-4-4o -o Corr"c- E-r4"s Ma" 4 -h" S-a-"#"- o Fo-"s orCoc4/or. h" "rror as a--r4$-" -o ":-r"#" h*s4ca/ a#"-a/ a-4" h4ch -h" #"#$"rs o -h" $oar ":"r4"c"r4 -h" "/"c-4o a -h" cavass4 o vo-"s.

+ -h" #"a-4#", o '" 9, 2&, "-4-4o"r -oo h4s oa-h oo4c" $"or" '" R"a-o 0. 0"rca"s.5

O '/* 21, 2&, -h" Co#"/"c (=4rs- %4v4s4o) 4ss" aR"so/-4o6 ra-4 -h" "-4-4o o -h" M0OC. h" Co##4ss4o//44" -h" roc/a#a-4o o "-4-4o"r S/44 as -h" 8-hSa4a 0a*a #"#$"r o Nacar/a, Laa r4 -h"Ma* 1, 2& Na-4oa/ a Loca/ E/"c-4os or $"4 $as" oa "rro"os co#-a-4o o vo-"s. +- -h" or"r" -h" M0OCo Nacar/a, Laa -o r"cov"" a ""c- -h" "c"ssar*corr"c-4os 4 -h" SOF, a or-h4-h roc/a4# S#a" as -h"8-h /* "/"c-" Sa4a 0a*a #"#$"r o Nacar/a,Laa.7

P"-4-4o"r #ov" or -h" r"cos4"ra-4o o -h" r"so/-4o $- -h"Co#"/"c E 0ac "4" -h" #o-4o o Nov"#$"r 18, 2&@h"c", -h4s "-4-4o. P"-4-4o"r a//""s -ha- r"so"-Co##4ss4o co##4--" rav" a$s" o 4scr"-4o a#o-4 -o/ac or ":c"ss o ;r4s4c-4o 4 r/4 aa4s- h4#. + sor- oh4s "-4-4o, h" a//""s -ha-?

&.1 E PE++ON O CORREC ENR+ES MA%E +N ESAEMEN O= FOES =OR COUNC+LOR, NAGCARLAN,LAGUNA BAS UN%+SPUE%L =+LE% OU O= +ME, a

&.2 E PE++ON O CORREC ENR+ES MA%E +N ESAEMEN O= FOES =OR COUNC+LOR, NAGCARLAN,

LAGUNA BAS =+LE% 0 E MUN+C+PAL 0OAR% O=CANFASSERS +N %E=+ANCE O= E>+S+NG COMELECRULES AN% REGULA+ONS AN% BAS O0F+OUSL 0+AS +N=AFOR O= PR+FAE RESPON%EN CAN%+CAE ECELSONC. SUMAGUE.8

P"-4-4o"r ar"s -ha- rsa- -o S"c-4os !5,9 !6(c) a ()1o Co#"/"c R"so/-4o No. 6669 (G""ra/ +s-rc-4os orM4c4a/KC4-*KProv4c4a/ a %4s-r4c- 0oars o Cavass"rs 4Co"c-4o 4-h -h" Ma* 1, 2& E/"c-4os), -h" M0OC sho/o- hav" "-"r-a4" -h" /"--"rr"


13/44

Election Laws 13

-hroh -h" 4// o -h" "/"c-ora-". A "/"c-4o 4s -h" "#$o4#"-o -h" o/ar 4//, -h" ":r"ss4o o -h" sov"r"4 o"r o -h""o/". S"c44ca//*, -h" -"r# "/"c-4o,H 4 -h" co-":- o -h"Cos-4--4o, #a* r""r -o -h" coc- o -h" o//s, 4c/4 -h"/4s-4 o vo-"rs, -h" ho/4 o -h" "/"c-ora/ ca#a4, a -h"cas-4 a co-4 o vo-"s. h" 4"r 4s -h" ca4a-" hohas o$-a4" a #a;or4-* or /ra/4-* o va/4 vo-"s cas- 4 -h""/"c-4o. So o/4c* 4c-a-"s -ha- $/4c "/"c-4v" o4c"s ar"4//" $* -hos" ho r"c"4v" -h" h4h"s- #$"r o vo-"s cas- 4-h" "/"c-4o or -ha- o4c". =or, 4 a// r"$/4ca or#s oov"r#"- -h" $as4c 4"a 4s -ha- o o" ca $" "c/ar"

"/"c-" a o #"asr" ca " "c/ar" carr4" /"ss h" or 4-r"c"4v"s a #a;or4-* or /ra/4-* o -h" /"a/ vo-"s cas- 4 -h""/"c-4o.19

B"


14/44

Election Laws 14

B"//s"--/" 4s -h" oc-r4" -ha- "/"c-4o co-"s-s 4vo/v" $/4c4-"r"s-, a -"ch4ca/4-4"s a roc"ra/ $arr4"rs sho/ o- $"a//o" -o s-a 4 -h"* cos-4--" a o$s-ac/" -o -h""-"r#4a-4o o -h" -r" 4// o -h" "/"c-ora-" 4 -h" cho4c" o-h"4r "/"c-4v" o4c4a/s. A a/so s"--/" 4s -h" r/" -ha- /asov"r4 "/"c-4o co-"s-s #s- $" /4$"ra//* cos-r" -o -h"" -ha- -h" 4// o -h" "o/" 4 -h" cho4c" o $/4c o4c4a/s #a*o- $" ""a-" $* #"r" -"ch4ca/ o$;"c-4os (Gar4"r v.Ro#/o, 26 Ph4/. 521@ Ga/a v. M4raa, !5 Ph4/. 269@ 'a/ao4v. Sarco, G.R. No. L6&96, 'aar* 27, 1962@ Macas4 v.Maca/aQa, G.R. No. L22779, March !1, 1965@ Ca-o v.

Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os, G.R. No. L25&67, Ar4/ 27, 1967). +a "/"c-4o cas", -h" corhas a 4#"ra-4v" -* -o asc"r-a4$* a// #"as 4-h4 4-s co##a ho 4s -h" r"a/ ca4a-""/"c-" $* -h" "/"c-ora-". (+$asco v. +/ao, G.R. No. L17512,%"c"#$"r 29, 196). : : : ('/4ao vs. Cor- o A"a/s, sra,. 818819). (+-a/4cs ors)

+ -h" /a-"r cas" o Ror4" v. Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os (119SCRA &65), -h4s oc-r4" as r"4-"ra-" a -h" Cor- "- o -os-a-" -ha-?

S4c" -h" "ar/* cas" o Gar4"r v. Ro#/o (26 Ph4/. 521), -h4s

Cor- has #a" 4- c/"ar -ha- 4- ros o a* 4-"rr"-a-4o o-h" /a or -h" r/"s -ha- o/ h4"r 4 a* a* o- o/* -h"r"" a 4-"//4"- cas-4 o -h" vo-"s 4 a "/"c-4o $- a/so -h"corr"c- asc"r-a4#"- o -h" r"s/-s. h4s $"- or 4sos4-4oco-4"s -o -h" r"s"-. (+., a- . &7&).

h" sa#" r4c4/" s-4// ho/s -r" -oa*. "ch4ca/4-4"s o -h"/"a/ r/"s "c4a-" 4 -h" "/"c-4o /as sho/ o- rs-ra-"-h" "-"r#4a-4o o -h" o/ar 4//.

Uo$-"/* -h"r"or", -h" o/* 4ss" -ha- r"#a4s r"so/v" 4s-h" a//oac" o -h" corr"c-4o o ha- ar" r"/* #a-h"#a-4ca/aKor #"cha4ca/ "rrors 4 -h" a4-4o o -h" vo-"s r"c"4v" $*$o-h ca4a-"s. +- o"s o- 4vo/v" -h" o"4 o $a//o- $o:"s@"4-h"r o"s 4- 4vo/v" -h" ":a#4a-4o aKor ar"c4a-4o o$a//o-s. h" corr"c-4o soh- $* r4va-" r"so"- ar"so"- M0Cs o a* a Sa Ma"/ 4s corr"c-4o o#a4"s- #4s-a"s 4 #a-h"#a-4ca/ a4-4o. C"r-a4/*, -h4s o/*ca//s or a #"r" c/"r4ca/ ac- o r"/"c-4 -h" -r" a corr"c-vo-"s r"c"4v" $* -h" ca4a-"s $* -h" M0Cs 4vo/v". + -h4scas", -h" #a4"s- "rrors soh- -o $" corr"c-" 4vo/v" -h"ro"r a 4/4"- a4-4o o -h" vo-"s 4 -h" #4c4a/4-4"s oa* a Sa Ma"/, Paas4a.2!

h" Cor- #a" a s4#4/ar rooc"#"- 4 a-/ohar4 v.Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os,2& -o 4-?

h" ar#"- 4s "vo4 o #"r4-. =or o" -h4, r"cors 44ca-"-ha- r"so"-Hs ass#-4o o o4c" as ""c-" $* a c/"r4ca/"rror or s4#/" #a-h"#a-4ca/ #4s-a" 4 -h" a4-4o o vo-"s ao- -hroh -h" /"4-4#a-" 4// o -h" "/"c-ora-". hs,r"so"-Hs roc/a#a-4o as /a" r4h- ro# -h" v"r*$"44. av4 $"" $as" o a a/-* -a$/a-4o, -h"r" ca$" o va/4 roc/a#a-4o -o s"a o 4soar as r"so"-Cas-4//o 4s coc"r". As -h4s Cor- oc" sa4?

: : : 4#" a aa4, -h4s Cor- has 4v" 4-s 4#r4#a-r o -h"r4c4/" -ha- Co#"/"c 4s 4-h a-hor4-* -o a/ a* cavass a

roc/a#a-4o h4ch as 4//"a//* #a". h" ac- -ha- a ca4a-"roc/a4#" has ass#" o4c", " hav" sa4, 4s o $ar -o -h"":"rc4s" o sch o"r. +-, o cors", #a* o- $" ava4/" oh"r" -h"r" has $"" a va/4 roc/a#a-4o. S4c" r4va-"r"so"-Hs "-4-4o $"or" -h" Co#"/"c 4s r"c4s"/* 4r"c-" a-h" a/#"- o -h" cavass a roc/a#a-4o, " "rc"4v"-ha- 4


15/44

Election Laws 15

SO OR%ERE%.

PACANAN vs. COMELEC (G.R. No. 18622&, As- 25, 29,597 SCRA 189)5

0"or" -h" Cor- 4s a "-4-4o or c"r-4orar4 h4ch s""s -o s"-as4" 1) -h" Or"r1 a-" March 17, 28 o -h" Co##4ss4o o

E/"c-4os (Co#"/"c) =4rs- %4v4s4o a 2) -h" R"so/-4o2 a-"'aar* 21, 29 o -h" Co#"/"c E 0ac 4s#4ss4 "-4-4o"rCos-ac4o %. Pacaa, 'r.Hs a"a/ ro# -h" %"c4s4o! o -h"R"4oa/ r4a/ Cor- (RC), 0rach 27, Ca-$a/oa, Sa#ar, 4E/"c-4o Cas" No. 71, h4ch "c/ar" r4va-" r"so"-=rac4sco M. La4, Sr. as -h" 44 Ma*or o Mo-4o, Sa#ar.

+ -h" Or"r o March 17, 28, -h" Co#"/"c =4rs- %4v4s4o4s#4ss" -h" a"a/ or a4/r" -o a* -h" corr"c- a"a/ "" asr"scr4$" $* -h" Co#"/"c R/"s o Proc"r" 4-h4 -h" 4v"a* r"/"#"-ar* "r4o.

+ -h" assa4/" R"so/-4o a-" 'aar* 21, 29, -h" Co#"/"cE 0ac "4" "-4-4o"rHs #o-4o or r"cos4"ra-4o, "c/ar4-ha- -h" Co#"/"c 4 o- ac


16/44

Election Laws 16

h" r"so"- COMELEC co##4--" rav" a$s" o 4scr"-4oa#o-4 -o /ac or ":c"ss o ;r4s4c-4o 4 a4/4 -o cos4"r-ha- ass#4 -ha- -h" corr"c- a"a/ "" as o- a4 o -4#",-h"r" ar" h4h/* ;s-44a$/" a co#"//4 r"asos -o r"so/v" -h"s$;"c- cas" o -h" #"r4-s 4 -h" 4-"r"s- o ;s-4c" a $/4c4-"r"s-.

P"-4-4o"r r-h"r c/a4#s -ha- h" a4 a -o-a/ o P&,215. or h4s

a"a/, as o//os?

a. o RC o 'aar* 1, 28 P!,.

1.

5.

OAL P!,15.

$. o Co#"/"c o ="$rar* 1&, 28 P1,.

5.

15.

OAL P1,2.

P"-4-4o"r s$#4-s -ha- 4- 4s 4c#$"- o -h" RC -o -ras#4--o -h" Co#"/"c -h" "-4r" P!,. a"a/ "" -ha- h" a4 o'aar* 1, 28. P"-4-4o"r a/so avac"s ao-h"r4-"rr"-a-4o o -h" Co#"/"c R/"s -ha- -h" RC 4s "ro$/4a-4o -o r"#4- -o -h" Co#"/"c -h" P2,. r"r"s"-4-h" ":c"ss a#o- o -h" P1,. a"a/ "". hs, "-4-4o"rc/a4#s -ha- h" #s- $" ""#" -o hav" co#/4", 4 // or a-/"as- s$s-a-4a//*, 4-h -h" Co#"/"c R/"s o -h" a*#"- oa"a/ ""s.

P"-4-4o"r #a4-a4s -ha- -h" a//"" oa*#"- o -h" corr"c-a"a/ "" 4s o- " -o h4s o a/- or "/4"c". " c/a4#s-ha- -h" /as o a"a/s 4 "/"c-4o ro-"s- cas"s ar" o- *"-"//"s-a$/4sh", -hs, h" #s- o- $" #a" -o s"r or aov"rs4h- #a" 4 oo a4-h. h" R"so/-4o No. 8&86 o '/*15, 28 ao-" $* -h" Co#"/"c -o c/ar4* -h" r/"s oco#/4ac" 4-h -h" r"


17/44

Election Laws 17

A r"a4 o -h" or"o4 rov4s4os r"v"a/s -ha- -o 4"r"--r4$a/s (-h" -r4a/ cor- -ha- r""r" -h" "c4s4o a -h"Co#"/"c) r"


18/44

Election Laws 18

S"c-4o 8 as "r4v" ro# Ar-4c/" +>C, S"c-4o 2(2) o -h"Cos-4--4o a R/" &, S"c-4o !, ar. 1 a R/" &1, S"c-4o2(a) o -h" R/"s o Cor-. S"c-4o 9 as -a" ro# R/" 1&1,S"c-4os 7(1) a 8() o -h" R/"s o Cor-.

+- sho/ $" o-" ro# -h" aor"


19/44

Election Laws 19

SEC. 9. Gros or %4s#4ssa/ o A"a/. h" a"a/ #a* $"4s#4ss" o #o-4o o "4-h"r ar-* or a- -h" 4s-ac" o -h"Co##4ss4o o a* o -h" o//o4 ros?

(a) =a4/r" o -h" a"//a- -o a* -h" corr"c- a"a/ ""@ :::

hs, h" "-4-4o"rHs a"a/ as "r"c-" o 'aar* 1,28, 4-h4 4v" (5) a*s ro# ro#/a-4o, h4s oa*#"- or

4s4c4"- a*#"- o -h" a"a/ "" -o -h" Co#"/"c Cash%4v4s4o sho/ o- hav" r"s/-" 4 -h" o-r4h- 4s#4ssa/ o h4sa"a/. h" Co#"/"c R/"s rov4" 4 S"c-4o 9 (a), R/" 22,-ha- or a4/r" -o a* -h" corr"c- a"a/ "", -h" a"a/ #a* $"4s#4ss" o #o-4o o "4-h"r ar-* or a- -h" 4s-ac" o -h"Co#"/"c. L4"4s", S"c-4o 18, R/" &15 -h"r"o a/sor"scr4$"s -ha- 4 -h" ""s ar" o- a4, -h" Co#"/"c #a* r"s"-o -a" ac-4o o -h" a"a/ -4/ -h" sa4 ""s ar" a4 a #a*4s#4ss -h" ac-4o or -h" roc""4.

"r", "-4-4o"r a4 P1,2. -o -h" Co#"/"c o ="$rar* 1&,28. Uor-a-"/*, -h" Co#"/"c =4rs- %4v4s4o 4s#4ss" -h"a"a/ o March 17, 28 " -o "-4-4o"rHs a4/r" -o a* -h"corr"c- a"a/ "" 4-h4 -h" 4v"a* r"/"#"-ar* "r4o. +

"*4 "-4-4o"rHs #o-4o or r"cos4"ra-4o, -h" Co#"/"c E0ac, 4 -h" R"so/-4o a-" 'aar* 21, 29, "c/ar" -ha--h" Co#"/"c 4 o- ac


20/44

Election Laws 20

Bh" -h" COMELEC r"c"4v" -h" r"cors "/"va-" $* -h" -r4a/cor-, 4-s =4rs- %4v4s4o 4ss" o '/* !1, 28 -h" 4rs- assa4/"Or"r6 h4ch "r-4"-/* r"as?

Prsa- -o S"c-4os ! a &, R/" & o -h" COMELEC R/"s oProc"r" h4ch rov4" or -h" a*#"- o a"a/ "" 4 -h"a#o- o PK!,. 4-h4 -h" "r4o -o 4/" -h" o-4c" oa"a/, a S"c-4o 9(a), R/" 22 o -h" sa#" R/"s, h4ch

rov4"s -ha- a4/r" -o a* -h" corr"c- a"a/ "" 4s a ro or-h" 4s#4ssa/ o -h" a"a/, -h" Co##4ss4o (=4rs- %4v4s4o)RESOLFE% as 4- h"r"$* RESOLFES -o %+SM+SS -h" 4s-a-a"a/ or Pro-"s-a-A"//a-Hs (s4c) a4/r" -o a* -h" a"a/"" as r"scr4$" $* -h" Co#"/"c R/"s o Proc"r" 4-h4 -h"4v"(5)a* r"/"#"-ar* "r4o.

SO OR%ERE%.7

Av"rs"/* a"c-", A4/ar #ov" or r"cos4"ra-4o, ar4-ha- -h" "/* ro#/a-" A.M. No. 7&15SC o/* r"


21/44

Election Laws 21

"-4-4o"rHs a"a/, arroa-" -o 4-s"/ -h" " $acHs c-4o or"so/v4 "-4-4o"rHs #o-4o or r"cos4"ra-4o. + Sor4ao, 'r. v.Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os,21 " "#has4" -h" r/" -ha- a#o-4o -o r"cos4"r a "c4s4o, r"so/-4o, or"r or r/4 o aCOMELEC 4v4s4o, ":c"- 4-h r"ar -o 4-"r/oc-or* or"rs,sha// $" "/"va-" -o -h" COMELEC " $ac. "r", -h"r" 4s oo$- -ha- -h" or"r 4s#4ss4 -h" a"a/ 4s o- #"r"/* a4-"r/oc-or*, $- a 4a/ or"r.22 +- as, -h"r"or", 4c#$"-o -h" Pr"s44 Co##4ss4o"r o -h" COMELEC =4rs-%4v4s4o -o c"r-4* -h" cas" -o -h" COMELEC " $ac 4-h4 -oa*s ro# o-44ca-4o o -h" 4/4 o -h" #o-4o.

h4s r/" sho/ a/* h"-h"r -h" #o-4o "" has $"" a4 oro-, as ha- ha"" 4 O/ao/a v. Co##4ss4o oE/"c-4os.2! +"", R/" &, S"c-4o 182& o -h" COMELECR/"s o Proc"r" 4v"s 4scr"-4o -o -h" COMELEC, 4 -h4scas", -o -h" " $ac a o- -o -h" 4v4s4o, "4-h"r -o r"s" -o-a" ac-4o -4/ -h" #o-4o "" 4s a4, or -o 4s#4ss -h" ac-4o orroc""4.25

h" COMELEC =4rs- %4v4s4oHs c"r"#o4os "ar-r" ro#-h4s cos-4--4oa//* #aa-" roc"r" 4 -h" 4sos4-4o o"/"c-4o cas"s #s- hav" $roh- cos4o -o -h" ar-4"s, so

#ch so, -ha- "-4-4o"r 4/" a s"co #o-4o or r"cos4"ra-4ora4s4 -h4s 4ss". "-, -h" COMELEC =4rs- %4v4s4o, 4 -h" r-h"rassa4/" Oc-o$"r 6, 28 Or"r, co##4--" ao-h"r o$v4os"rror h" 4- aa4 sr" -h" " $acHs a-hor4-* -o r"so/v"#o-4os or r"cos4"ra-4o.

0"4 a v4o/a-4o o -h" Cos-4--4o a -h" COMELEC R/"s oProc"r", -h" assa4/" S"-"#$"r & a Oc-o$"r 6, 28Or"rs ar" // a vo4. h"* "r" 4ss" $* -h" COMELEC=4rs- %4v4s4o 4-h rav" a$s" o 4scr"-4o. 0* rav" a$s" o4scr"-4o 4s #"a- sch car4c4os a h4#s4ca/ ":"rc4s" o;#"- "


22/44

Election Laws 22

BEREAS, a*#"- o a"a/ ""s 4 a"a/" "/"c-4o ro-"s-cas"s 4s a/so r"


23/44

Election Laws 23

Or"rs a -h" Oc-o$"r 16, 28 E-r* o '#"- 4ss" $*-h" COMELEC =4rs- %4v4s4o 4 EAC (0RG) No. 21128 ar"ANNULLE% a SE AS+%E. h" cas" 4s REMAN%E% -o -h"COMELEC =4rs- %4v4s4o or 4sos4-4o 4 accorac" 4-h -h4s%"c4s4o.

SO OR%ERE%.

AGU+AM vs. COMELEC (59& SCRA &7&, G.R. No. 18&81,'/* !, 29)7

h4s "-4-4o or c"r-4orar4 4-h ra*"r or 4ssac" o a -"#orar*

r"s-ra44 or"r a r4- o r"/4#4ar* 4;c-4o1 assa4/s -h"

%"c"#$"r 2, 27 R"so/-4o2 o -h" S"co %4v4s4o o -h"

Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os (COMELEC) 4 SPC No. 7171 h4ch

ra-" r4va-" r"so"- A-ho* C. aoHs P"-4-4o or

Corr"c-4o o Ma4"s- Error a A/#"- o Proc/a#a-4o o

"-4-4o"r 'oas a4a# as -h" 12-h 44 ca4a-" or

-h"Sa4a Pa/so o "arao C4-*, Caa*a.

A/so assa4/" 4s -h" Oc-o$"r 9, 28 R"so/-4o! o -h"

COMELEC E 0ac "*4 "-4-4o"rHs Mo-4o orR"cos4"ra-4o.&

P"-4-4o"r a r4va-" r"so"- "r" ca4a-"s or -h"

os4-4o o Sa4a Pa/so o "arao C4-* 4

Caa*a r4 -h" 27 Na-4oa/ a Loca/ E/"c-4os. O Ma*

19, 27, "-4-4o"r as roc/a4#" $* -h" C4-* 0oar o

Cavass"rs (C0OC) as -h" 12-h ra4 a 44 ca4a-"

or -h" sa4 os4-4o 4-h 1,981 vo-"s.5 Pr4va-" r"so"-

o$-a4" 1,971 vo-"s6 a as ra" o. 1!.

O Ma* 25, 27, r4va-" r"so"- 4/" 4-h -h" COMELEC a

"-4-4o or corr"c-4o o #a4"s- "rrors 4 -h" E/"c-4o R"-rs

a S-a-"#"- o Fo-"s or 27 c/s-"r" r"c4c-s7 a or -h"

a/#"- o -h" roc/a#a-4o o -h" a"c-" 44 ca4a-"

4 "arao C4-*. " a//"" -ha- h" as cr"4-" 4-h /"ss

vo-"s 4 s"v"ra/ S-a-"#"-s o Fo-"s $* Pr"c4c-s (SOFP) as

co#ar" 4-h -h" -a//* o h4s vo-"s 4 -h" "/"c-4o r"-rs ERs),

h"r"as "-4-4o"r as cr"4-" 4-h #or" vo-"s. Pr4va-"

r"so"- o"r" "v4"c" 4 -h" o//o4 4" r"c4c-s?

!5AK!6A, 61AK6!A, 69AK690, 87AK870, 192AK1920,

26&AK265A, !2&AK!250, !26A, a !280.

P"-4-4o"r "4" -h" a//"a-4os o r4va-" r"so"- a

ar" -ha- -h" "-4-4o sho/ $" 4s#4ss" or hav4 $""

4/" /a-" or s4: a*s a-"r -h" roc/a#a-4o o -h" 44

ca4a-"s.8 M"ah4/", -h" #"#$"rs o -h" C0OC o

"arao C4-* "4" r4va-" r"so"-Hs a//"a-4os o

#a4"s- "rrors 4 -h" SOFP@ #a4-a4" -ha- "-4-4o"r ar"r"

#or" vo-"s -ha -hos" o$-a4" $* r4va-" r"so"-@ a -ha-

-h"* hav" ro"r/* "ror#" -h"4r -4"s a c-4os.9

O %"c"#$"r 2, 27, -h" S"co %4v4s4o o -h" COMELEC

4ss" -h" assa4/" R"so/-4o, -o 4-?

+N F+EB O= E =OREGO+NG, -h" 4s-a- P"-4-4o 4/" $*

A-ho* ao or Corr"c-4o o Ma4"s- Error a A/#"-

o Proc/a#a-4o o 'oas a4a# 4s h"r"$* GRANE%.

7

ACCOR%+NGL, -h" C4-* 0oar o Cavass"rs o "arao

Caa*a 4s h"r"$* %+RECE% -o (4) RECONFENE a-"r 4v4

" o-4c" -o -h" coc"r" ar-4"s, (44) CORREC -h" "rrors 4

-h" S-a-"#"- o Fo-"s $* Pr"c4c- (SOFP), a -h"r"a-"

roc/a4# -h" 12-h 44 ca4a-" or -h" Sa4a

Pa/so o "arao, Caa*a.1avvh41

L"- -h" C4-* 0oar o Cavass"rs o "arao, Caa*a

4#/"#"- -h4s R"so/-4o 4-h 4sa-ch.

SO OR%ERE%.1

h" COMELEC h"/ -ha- -h" $"/a-" 4/ 4 o r4va-"

r"so"-Hs "-4-4o cao- "-"r 4-s a-hor4-* -o asc"r-a4 -h"

-r" 4// o -h" "/"c-ora-" a -h"r"a-"r a4r# sch 4//. hs

a-"r " roc""4s, -h" COMELEC o r4va-"

r"so"-Hs a//"a-4os /* s$s-a-4a-" 4-h #a-"r4a

"v4"c" a co4r#" -h" o//o4?



24/44

Election Laws 24

A. B4-h r"ar -o -h" vo-"s o r4va-" r"so"-?

Pr"c4c- No. SOFP No. ER No. Fo-"s 4 SOFP Fo-"s 4 ER Fo-"s A"c-"

1 69AK690 15!27 962679 27 27

2 87AK870 15&! 962699 1! 1!

! 192AK1920 15!1 96281 2 19 1

& !26A 15!2 962921 &! 5! T1

OAL T9

0. B4-h r"ar -o -h" vo-"s o "-4-4o"r?

Pr"c4c- No. SOFP No. ER No. Fo-"s 4 SOFP Fo-"s 4 ER Fo-"s A"c-"

1 !5AK!6A 15&! 9626&7 & !! 7

2 61AK6!A 15!9 962672 55 5 5

! 26&AK265A 1528 962871 !9 29 1

& !2&AK!25A 15!! 96292 62 61 1

5 !280 1527 96292& !! !2 1

OAL 2&

h" COMELEC coc/" -ha- 4" vo-"s sho/ $" a" -o

-h" -o-a/ #$"r o vo-"s ar"r" $* r4va-" r"so"-@ h4/"

2& vo-"s sho/ $" "c-" ro# -h" -o-a/ #$"r o vo-"s

o$-a4" $* "-4-4o"r. hs, -h" -o-a/ #$"r o vo-"s o$-a4"

$* r4va-" r"so"- as 1,98, h4/" -h" -o-a/ #$"r o

vo-"s r"c"4v" $* "-4-4o"r as 1,957. As sch, r4va-"

r"so"- as r4h-//* -h" 12-h 44 ca4a-" or -h"

Sa4a Pa/so o "arao C4-*, Caa*a.

P"-4-4o"r 4/" a #o-4o or r"cos4"ra-4o h4ch as "4" $*

-h" COMELEC E 0ac o Oc-o$"r 9, 28.

"c", -h4s P"-4-4o or C"r-4orar411 ra4s4 -h" 4ss" o h"-h"r

or o- -h" COMELEC co##4--" rav" a$s" o 4scr"-4o

a#o-4 -o /ac or ":c"ss o ;r4s4c-4o h" 4- -oo

co4ac" o r4va-" r"so"-Hs "-4-4o or corr"c-4o o

#a4"s- "rrors 4 -h" E/"c-4o R"-rs a S-a-"#"- o Fo-"s

"s4-" 4-s /a-" 4/4.

P"-4-4o"r av"rs -ha- r4va-" r"so"-Hs "-4-4o or corr"c-4o

o #a4"s- "rrors sho/ hav" $"" 4s#4ss" o-r4h- or a4/r"

-o sho a* ;s-44ca-4o or 4-s /a-" 4/4@ -ha-, 4 -h" "-4-4o ha

$"" ro"r/* 4s#4ss", r4va-" r"so"- ha o-h"r r"#"4"s

ava4/a$/", sch as a "/"c-4o ro-"s-.

R/" 27, S"c-4o 5 o -h" 199! COMELEC R/"s o Proc"r"

":r"ss/* s-a-"s -ha-?

Pr"roc/a#a-4o Co-rov"rs4"s Bh4ch Ma* 0" =4/" %4r"c-/*

4-h -h" Co##4ss4o

(a) h" o//o4 r"roc/a#a-4o co-rov"rs4"s #a* $" 4/"

4r"c-/* 4-h -h" Co##4ss4o?

: : : :

2) Bh" -h" 4ss" 4vo/v"s -h" corr"c-4o o #a4"s- "rrors 4

-h" -a$/a-4o or -a//*4 o -h" r"s/-s r4 -h" cavass4 as

h"r" (1) a co* o -h" "/"c-4o r"-rs or c"r-44ca-" o cavass

as -a$/a-" #or" -ha oc", (2) -o or #or" co4"s o -h"

"/"c-4o r"-rs o o" r"c4c-, or -o or #or" co4"s o

c"r-44ca-" o cavass "r" -a$/a-" s"ara-"/*, (!) -h"r" has

$"" a #4s-a" 4 -h" co*4 o -h" 4r"s 4-o -h" s-a-"#"- o

vo-"s or 4-o -h" c"r-44ca-" o cavass, or (&) soca//" r"-rs

ro# o":4s-"- r"c4c-s "r" 4c/" 4 -h" cavass, a

sch "rrors co/ o- hav" $"" 4scov"r" r4 -h"

cavass4 "s4-" -h" ":"rc4s" o " 4/4"c" a

roc/a#a-4o o -h" 44 ca4a-"s ha a/r"a* $"" #a".

: : : :

+ -h" "-4-4o 4s or corr"c-4o, 4- #s- $" 4/" o- /a-"r -ha 4v"

(5) a*s o//o4 -h" a-" o roc/a#a-4o a #s- 4#/"a a/

ca4a-"s ho #a* $" av"rs"/* a"c-" -h"r"$*.

Bh4/" -h" "-4-4o as 4"" 4/" $"*o -h" 5a*

r"/"#"-ar* "r4o, -h" COMELEC ho"v"r has -h" 4scr"-4o

-o ss" 4-s r/"s o roc"r" or a* or-4o -h"r"o. S"c-4os

! a & o R/" 1 o -h" COMELEC R/"s o Proc"r" s-a-", -o

4-?

S"c. !. Cos-rc-4o. h"s" r/"s sha// $" /4$"ra//* cos-r" 4

or"r -o ro#o-" -h" ""c-4v" a "4c4"- 4#/"#"-a-4o o -h"o$;"c-4v"s o "sr4 -h" ho/4 o r"", or"r/*, ho"s-

"ac"/ a cr"4$/" "/"c-4os a -o ach4"v" ;s-, ":"4-4os

a 4":"s4v" "-"r#4a-4o a 4sos4-4o o "v"r* ac-4o

a roc""4 $roh- $"or" -h" Co##4ss4o.

S"c. &. Ss"s4o o -h" R/"s. + -h" 4-"r"s- o ;s-4c" a

4 or"r -o o$-a4 s""* 4sos4-4o o a// #a--"rs "4

$"or" -h" Co##4ss4o, -h"s" r/"s or a* or-4o -h"r"o #a*

$" ss"" $* -h" Co##4ss4o.

C"r-a4/*, sch r/" o ss"s4o 4s 4 accorac" 4-h -h" s4r4

o S"c-4o 6, Ar-4c/" +>A o -h" Cos-4--4o h4ch $"s-os o



25/44

Election Laws 25

-h" COMELEC -h" o"r -o ro#/a-" 4-s o r/"s

coc"r4 /"a4s a rac-4c" $"or" 4- or $"or" a* o 4-s

o4c"s -o a--a4 ;s-4c" a -h" o$/" ros" o "-"r#44 -h"

-r" 4// o -h" "/"c-ora-".12

+ 'ara#4//a v. Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os1! a %"/a L/aa v.

Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os,1& -h" Cor- a4r#" -h" COMELECHs

ss"s4o o 4-s r/"s o roc"r" r"ar4 -h" /a-" 4/4 o a

"-4-4o or corr"c-4o o #a4"s- "rror a a/#"- o

roc/a#a-4o 4 v4" o 4-s ara#o- -* -o "-"r#4" -h" r"a/

4// o -h" "/"c-ora-". B" hav" cos4s-"-/* "#/o*" /4$"ra/

cos-rc-4o o roc"ra/ r/"s 4 "/"c-4o cas"s -o -h" " -ha-

-h" 4// o -h" "o/" 4 -h" cho4c" o $/4c o4c"rs #a* o- $"

""a-" $* #"r" -"ch4ca/ o$;"c-4os.15

+ -h" 4s-a- cas", r"cors sho -ha- "-4-4o"r as "c/ar"

-h" 12-h 44 ca4a-" $as" o SOFPs co-a44

#a-h"#a-4ca/ a c/"r4ca/ "rrors. h" -o-a/ #$"r o vo-"s 4 -h"

SOFPs o -h" 4"-44" r"c4c-s ar" #ar"/* 4"r"- ro# -h"

vo-"s -a$/a-" 4 -h"4r r"s"c-4v" ERs, 4."., "-4-4o"r as 4v"

a4-4oa/ vo-"s, h4/" r4va-" r"so"-Hs vo-"s "r" r"c",

h4ch a/-"r" -h" o-co#" o -h" "/"c-4o. P"-4-4o"r as

"c/ar" -h" /as- 44 ca4a-" or -h" os4-4o o

Sa4a Pa/so o "arao C4-*, 4s-"a o

r4va-" r"so"-.

+ orr"s v. Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os,16 -h" Cor- r"4-"ra-" -ha-

h4/" -h" r"#"* o -h" /os4 ar-* 4s a "/"c-4o ro-"s- a-"r

h4s oo"- has a/r"a* $"" roc/a4#" as 44 ca4a-",

sch r"cors" 4s o -h" ass#-4o, ho"v"r, -ha- -h"r" has

$"" a va/4 roc/a#a-4o. Bh"r" a roc/a#a-4o 4s // a

vo4, -h" roc/a#a-4o 4s o roc/a#a-4o a- a// a -h"roc/a4#" ca4a-"Ds ass#-4o o o4c" cao- "r4v" -h"

COMELEC o -h" o"r -o "c/ar" sch //4-* a a/ -h"

roc/a#a-4o.17

+- 4s s444ca- -o o-" -ha- "-4-4o"r 4 o- assa4/ -h" ac-a/

44s o -h" COMELEC o #a4"s- "rror 4 -h" -a$/a-4o o

vo-"s $- o/* ra4s" 4ss"s o -h" or"o4 -"ch4ca/4-4"s.

"c", -h" COMELECHs r"$--" 44s o ac- ar" -h"r"or"

ss-a4".

Grav" a$s" o 4scr"-4o ar4s"s h" a /o"r cor- or -r4$a/

v4o/a-"s -h" Cos-4--4o, -h" /a or ":4s-4 ;r4sr"c". Grav"

a$s" o 4scr"-4o #"as sch car4c4os a h4#s4ca/":"rc4s" o ;#"- as o/ a#o- -o /ac o ;r4s4c-4o@ 4-

co-"#/a-"s a s4-a-4o h"r" -h" o"r 4s ":"rc4s" 4 a

ar$4-rar* or "so-4c #a"r $* r"aso o ass4o or "rsoa/

hos-4/4-*, so a-"- a ross as -o a#o- -o a "vas4o o

os4-4v" -* or a v4r-a/ r"sa/ -o "ror# -h" -* ";o4" $*,

or -o ac- a- a// 4 co-"#/a-4o o /a. + a c"r-4orar4roc""4,

as 4 -h" 4s-a- cas", 4- 4s 4#"ra-4v" or "-4-4o"r -o sho

car4c" a ar$4-rar4"ss o -h" ar- o -h" cor- or a"c*

hos" ":"rc4s" o 4scr"-4o 4s $"4 assa4/".18

=or ac-4 rsa- -o 4-s Cos-4--4oa/ #aa-" o "-"r#44

-h" -r" 4// o -h" "/"c-ora-" 4-h s$s-a-4a-" "v4"c", -h"

Cor- 4s o rav" a$s" o 4scr"-4o o -h" ar- oCOMELEC 4 a//4 -h" roc/a#a-4o o "-4-4o"r. Sa4

roc/a#a-4o 4s /a" ro# -h" $"44 $"cas" 4- 4 o-

r"/"c- -h" -r" a /"4-4#a-" 4// o -h" "/"c-ora-". av4 $""

$as" o a a/-* -a$/a-4o, -h"r" ca $" o va/4 roc/a#a-4o

-o s"a o.19

BERE=ORE, -h4s "-4-4o or c"r-4orar4 4s %+SM+SSE% or /ac

o #"r4-. h" %"c"#$"r 2, 27 R"so/-4o o -h" S"co

%4v4s4o o -h" Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os (COMELEC) a -h"

Oc-o$"r 9, 28 R"so/-4o o -h" COMELEC E 0ac ar"

h"r"$* A==+RME%.

SO OR%ERE%.

0+NCE, 'R. vs. COMELEC (2&2 SCRA 27!, G.R. Nos. 11162&25, March 9, 1995)8

P"-4-4o"r A/oso C. 04c", 'r. a r4va-" r"so"- E#4/4aoS. M4c "r" a#o -h" ca4a-"s 4 -h" s*chro4""/"c-4os o Ma* 11, 1992 or a s"a- 4 -h" Sa4aPa/a/a4a o -h" Prov4c" o Paas4a a//o--" -o 4-s S4:-h

L"4s/a-4v" %4s-r4c-.

" (1) #4c4a/4-4"s, 4c/4 Sa 4-4, a* a SaMa"/, co#r4s" -h" sa4 4s-r4c-.

%r4 -h" cavass4 o -h" C"r-44ca-"s o Cavass (COCDs) o-h"s" -" (1) #4c4a/4-4"s $* r"so"- Prov4c4a/ 0oar oCavass"rs (P0C) o Ma* 2, 1992, r4va-" r"so"- M4co$;"c-" -o -h" 4c/s4o o -h" COC or Sa 4-4 o -h"ro -ha- 4- co-a4" a/s" s-a-"#"-s. Accor4/*, -h" COCsor -h" r"#a44 4" (9) #4c4a/4-4"s "r" 4c/" 4 -h"cavass. O Ma* 21, 1992, -h" P0C r/"s aa4s- -h" o$;"c-4o

o r4va-" r"so"-. 1 =ro# -h" sa4 r/4, r4va-" r"so"-M4c a"a/" -o -h" Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os (COMELEC)h4ch oc"-" -h" cas" as SPC No. 9228.

O '" 6, 1992, -h" COMELEC " $ac ro#/a-" ar"so/-4o h4ch r"as?

Ac-4 o -h" a"a/ 4/" $* "-4-4o"ra"//a- A--*. E#4/4aoS. M4c -o -h" r/4 o -h" Prov4c4a/ 0oar o Cavass"rs oPaas4a, a-" Ma* 21, 1992, -h" Co##4ss4o " $ac-a$/a-" -h" vo-"s o$-a4" $* ca4a-"s A--*. E#4/4ao SM4c a A--*. A/oso C. 04c" or -h" os4-4o o Sa4aPa/a/a4a #"#$"r o -h" rov4c" o Paas4a, s4 as

$as4s -h"r"o -h" s-a-"#"- o vo-"s $* r"c4c- s$#4--" $* -h"#4c4a/4-* o Sa 4-4, Paas4a, as (s4c) a r"s/- o sa4":a#4a-4o, -h" Co##4ss4o r/"s, as o//os?

1. ha- -h" ac-a/ #$"r o vo-"s o$-a4" $* ca4a-"A/oso C. 04c" 4 -h" #4c4a/4-* o Sa 4-4, Paas4a4s 1,55 vo-"s h"r"as "-4-4o"rKa"//a- A--*. E#4/4ao SM4c o$-a4" 1,5!5 vo-"s or -h" sa#" #4c4a/4-*.

8



26/44

Election Laws 26

Accor4/*, -h" Prov4c4a/ 0oar o Cavass"rs or -h" rov4c"o Paas4a 4s 4r"c-" -o CRE%+ 4 avor o "-4-4o"rKa"//a- A--*. E#4/4ao S. M4c 4-h 1,5!5 vo-"s aca4a-" A/oso C. 04c" 4-h 1,55 vo-"s 4 -h" #4c4a/4-*o Sa 4-4, Paas4a. 2

"-*o" (21) a*s a-"r -h" cavass o -h" COCs or -h" 4"(9) #4c4a/4-4"s as co#/"-" o Ma* 2, 1992, r4va-"r"so"- M4c -o"-h"r 4-h -h" M4c4a/ 0oars oCavass"rs (M0Cs) o a* a Sa Ma"/ 4/" 4-h -h" P0C"-4-4os or corr"c-4o o -h" S-a-"#"-s o Fo-"s (SOFs) "ar/4"rr"ar" or a//"" #a4"s- "rrors co##4--" 4 -h"co#-a-4o -h"r"o.

+ v4" o -h" #o-4o o h"r"4 "-4-4o"r -o 4#/"#"- -h"R"so/-4o o '" 6, 1992 h4ch as a//"" -o hav" $"co#"4a/, -h" P0C, o '" 18, 1992, cr"4-" 4 avor o -h""-4-4o"r a r4va-" r"so"- -h" vo-"s or "ach as 44ca-"4 -h" sa4 r"so/-4o a o -h" $as4s o -h" COCs or Sa4-4 a -h" o-h"r 4" (9) #4c4a/4-4"s, "-4-4o"r ha a-o-a/ o 27,!7 vo-"s h4/" -h" r4va-" r"so"- ha 27,!69vo-"s. P"-4-4o"r ho o $* a #ar4 o 1 vo-" as o-,ho"v"r, roc/a4#" 4"r $"cas" o -h" a$s"c" o a-hor4-*

ro# -h" COMELEC.

Accor4/*, "-4-4o"r 4/" a or#a/ #o-4o or sch a-hor4-*.

O '" 29, 1992, -h" COMELEC " $ac ro#/a-" aS/"#"-a/ Or"r ! 4r"c-4 -h" P0C -o r"cov"", co-4"4-h -h" rov4c4a/ cavass a roc/a4# -h" 44 ca4a-"sor Sa4a Pa/a/a4a or -h" Prov4c" o Paas4a,a o-h"r ca4a-"s or rov4c4a/ o4c"s ho hav" o- $""roc/a4#" & as o -ha- a-".

+ -h" #"a-4#", o '" 2&, 1992, -h" P0C, ac-4 o -h""-4-4os or corr"c-4o o -h" SOFs o a* a Sa Ma"/4/" $* r4va-" r"so"- a -h" M0Cs o -h" sa4#4c4a/4-4"s, r/"s -o a//o -h" M4c4a/ 0oars oCavass"rs o -h" #4c4a/4-4"s o a* a Sa Ma"/,Paas4a -o corr"c- -h" S-a-"#"- o Fo-"s a C"r-44ca-"s oCavass a o -h" $as4s o -h" corr"c-" oc#"-s, -h"0oar (P0C) 4// co-4" -h" cavass a -h"r"a-"r roc/a4#-h" 44 ca4a-". 5

O '" 25, 1992, "-4-4o"r 04c" a"a/" ro# -h" a$ov"r/4 a//o4 -h" corr"c-4o a//"4 -ha- -h" P0C ha o;r4s4c-4o -o "-"r-a4 -h" "-4-4o. h" a"a/ as oc"-" asSPC No. 92!8&.

O '/* 8, 1992, r4va-" r"so"- M4c 4/" $"or" -h"COMELEC a r"- #o-4o or -h" 4ssac" o a or"r4r"c-4 -h" P0C -o r"cov"" a roc"" 4-h -h" cavass." a//"" -ha- -h" ro#/a-4o o COMELEC R"so/-4o No.2&89 o '" 29, 1992 a4r#" -h" r/4 o -h" P0C a-"'" 2&, 1992. S4#4/ar/*, "-4-4o"r 04c" 4/" a r"- "-4-4o-o c4-" A--*. ="/4#o As"r4 a S-. Pr4#o. A. M4a, Cha4r#aa M"#$"r, r"s"c-4v"/*, o -h" P0C, or Co-"#- 4-ha/-"ra-4v" ra*"r or roc/a#a-4o as 4"r a +;c-4o 4-hra*"r or -h" 4ssac" o "#orar* R"s-ra44 Or"r (RO).

O '/* 9, 1992, -h" P0C Cha4r#a, A--*. ="/4#o As"r4, 4/"a "-4-4o 4-h -h" COMELEC s""4 a "44-4v" r/4 a ac/"ar 4r"c-4v" or or"r as -o ho o -h" -o (2) co-"4ar-4"s sho/ $" roc/a4#" 6 av"rr4 -ha- -h"r" "r"corr"c-4os a/r"a* #a" 4 a s"ara-" sh""- o a"r o -h"S-a-"#"-s o Fo-"s a C"r-44ca-"s o Cavass o a* aSa Ma"/, Paas4a h4ch corr"c-4os 4 -o $" cos4"r"$* -h" 0oar 4 4-s cavass a roc/a#a-4o, ca4a-"E#4/4ao 4// 4 $* 72 vo-"s. O -h" o-h"r ha, 4 -h"s"corr"c-4os 4// o- $" cos4"r", ca4a-" A/oso 04c", 'r4// 4 $* o" (1) vo-". 7 O "v" a-", -h" COMELEC

ro#/a-" 4-s r"so/-4o, -h" 4sos4-4v" or-4o o h4ch r"as

(1) o RECONFENE 4##"4a-"/* a co#/"-" -h"cavass o -h" C"r-44ca-"s o Fo-"s, as corr"c-", o -h"#4c4a/4-4"s co#r4s4 -h" 6-h %4s-r4c- o Paas4a@

(2) o PROCLA+M -h" 44 ca4a-" or M"#$"r o -h"rov4c4a/ 0oar, 6-h %4s-r4c- o Paas4a, o -h" $as4s o -h"co#/"-" a corr"c-" C"r-44ca-"s o Cavass, aor"sa4@ 4accorac" 4-h -h" /a, -h" r/"s a 4"/4"s o cavass4a roc/a#a-4o. 8

As 4r"c-" -h"r"4, -h" P0C o '/* 21, 1992, $* a vo-" o 214-h 4-s Cha4r#a A--*. ="/4#o As"r4 4ss"-4, roc/a4#"ca4a-" 04c" as -h" /* "/"c-" #"#$"r o -h" Sa4aPa/a/a4a o Paas4a. Assa4/4 -h" roc/a#a-4o o04c", r4va-" r"so"- M4c 4/" a Ur"- Mo-4o oCo-"#- a -o A/ Proc/a#a-4o a A#"" Ur"P"-4-4o or Co-"#- a A/ Proc/a#a-4o o '/* 22 a 291992, r"s"c-4v"/*, a//"4 -ha- -h" P0C "4" -h" 4r"c-4v" o-h" COMELEC 4 4-s r"so/-4o o '/* 9, 1992. Ac-4 -h"r"o-h" COMELEC ro#/a-" a r"so/-4o o '/* 29, 1992, -h""cr"-a/ or-4o o h4ch r"as?

h" Co##4ss4o RESOLFE%, as 4- h"r"$* RESOLFES?

1. o 4r"c- Pros"c-or 'os" A-o4o G4//"r#o a S-Pr4#o M4a, v4c"cha4r#a a s"cr"-a*r, r"s"c-4v"/*, o -h"Prov4c4a/ 0oar o Cavass"rs o Paas4a, -o sho cas"h* -h"* sho/ o- $" "c/ar" 4 co-"#- o "*4 a4so$"*4 -h" R"so/-4o o -h4s Co##4ss4o a-" 9 '/*1992, 4r"c-4 -h"# -o RECOFENE 4##"4a-"/* a co#/"-"-h" cavass o -h" C"r-44ca-"s o Fo-"s as corr"c-", o -h"M4c4a/ 0oars o Cavass"rs o -h" M4c4a/4-4"s co#r4s4-h" 6-h %4s-r4c- o Paas4a@ a -o PROCLA+M -h" 44ca4a-" o -h" Prov4c4a/ 0oar, 6-h %4s-r4c- o Paas4a, o-h" $as4s o -h" co#/"-" a corr"c-" C"r-44ca-"s oCavass, aor"sa4@ 4s-"a -h"* ":c/" -h" corr"c-"

C"r-44ca-" o Cavass o -h" M4c4a/ 0oars o Cavass"rso a* a Sa Ma"/, Paas4a@

2. o ANNUL -h" roc/a#a-4o a-" 21 '/* 1992, $* -h"sa4 Prov4c4a/ 0oar o Cavass"rs (4ss"-" $* Cha4r#a="/4#o As"r4), o ca4a-" A/oso 04c"@

!. o %+REC -h" Prov4c4a/ 0oar o Cavass"rs -or"cov"" 4##"4a-"/* a roc/a4# -h" 44 ca4a-" o-h" s"co os4-4o o -h" Prov4c4a/ 0oar, 6-h %4s-r4c- oPaas4a, o -h" $as4s o -h" co#/"-" a corr"c-"C"r-44ca-"s o Cavass s$#4--" $* -h" M4c4a/ 0oars o



27/44

Election Laws 27

Cavass"rs o a// -h" #4c4a/4-4"s 4 -h" 6-h %4s-r4c- oPaas4a, 4 accorac" 4-h /a. 9

Cos"C o-h" 1987 Cos-4--4o, . . . -h" co##4ss4o " $ac o"s ohav" ;r4s4c-4o -o h"ar a "c4" r"roc/a#a-4o cas"s a--h" 4rs- 4s-ac". Sch cas"s sho/ 4rs- $" r""rr" -o a4v4s4o

"c", -h" COMELEC " $ac ha o ;r4s4c-4o -o "c4" o-h" aor"sa4 -o a/ -h" roc/a#a-4o@ cos"


28/44

Election Laws 28

#4c4a/ $oar o cavass"rs sha// $" co#os" o -h""/"c-4o r"4s-rar or a r"r"s"-a-4v" o -h" Co##4ss4o, ascha4r#a, -h" #4c4a/ -r"asr"r, as v4c"cha4r#a, a -h"#os- s"4or 4s-r4c- schoo/ s"rv4sor or 4 h4s a$s"c" ar4c4a/ o -h" schoo/ 4s-r4c- or -h" "/"#"-ar* schoo/, as#"#$"rs). As -o h* -h" E/"c-4o R"4s-rars, 4 -h"4r caac4-4"sas Cha4r#", "r" 7-h o/* o"s ho r"ar" -h" soca//"corr"c-4o sh""-s, 4s $"*o Us. h"r" 4s o sho4 -ha- -h"o-h"r #"#$"rs o -h" 0oars "r" o /o"r ava4/a$/". S4c"-h"* ar" ro# -h" Prov4c" o Paas4a, -h"* co/ hav" $"""as4/* s##o" $* -h" P0C -o a"ar $"or" 4- a ""c- -h"

corr"c-4os o -h" S-a-"#"-s o Fo-"s a C"r-44ca-"s oCavass.

0"s4"s, $* o s-r"-ch o -h" 4#a4a-4o ca -h"s" sh""-s oa"r $" cos4"r" as -h" corr"c-" SOFs a COCs.Corr"c-4os 4 a S-a-"#"- o Fo-" a a C"r-44ca-" o Cavassco/ o/* $" acco#/4sh" "4-h"r $* 4s"r-4 -h" a-hor4"corr"c-4os 4-o -h" SOF a COC h4ch "r" or44a//*r"ar" a s$#4--" $* -h" M0C or $* r"ar4 a " SOFa COC 4corora-4 -h"r"4 -h" a-hor4" corr"c-4os. hs,-h" s-a-"#"- 4 -h" 29 '/* 1992 R"so/-4o o -h" COMELECr""rr4 -o -h" C"r-44ca-"s o Cavass o -h" #4c4a/ 0oarso Cavass"rs o a* a Sa Ma"/ (Las- c/as",

ararah 1 o -h" 4sos4-4v" or-4o, A": A o P"-4-4o?Ro//o 15), 4s a/a$/* o". h" Co##4ss4o co/ hav" 7$"" #4s/" $* A--*. As"r4Ds a#$4os r""r"c" -ocorr"c-4os a/r"a* #a" 4 s"ara-" sh""-s o a"r o -h"S-a-"#"-s o Fo-"s a C"r-44ca-" o Cavass o a* aSa Ma"/, Paas4a (o-" 4 -h" R"so/-4o o 9 '/*1992@ +., 551), 4 h4s "-4-4o as4 -h" COMELEC -o r/" oho sha// $" roc/a4#". o"v"r, 4 4- o/* -oo -h" -ro$/" -ocar"//* ":a#4" ha- as h"/ o- -o $" as -h" corr"c-"oc#"-s, r"so"- COMELEC sho/ o- hav" $""#4s/".

Ev" 4 B" ar" -o ass#" or -h" sa" o ar#"- -ha- -h"s"sh""-s o a"r cos-4--" s4c4"- corr"c-4os, -h"* ar",

"v"r-h"/"ss, vo4 a o o ""c-. A- -h" -4#" -h" E/"c-4oR"4s-rars r"ar" -h"# o 6 '/* 1992 r"so"-COMELEC ha o- *"- ac-" o -h" "-4-4o"rDs a"a/ (SPCNo. 92!8&) ro# -h" 2& '" 1992 r/4 o -h" P0C a-hor44-h" corr"c-4os. P"-4-4o"r #a4-a4s -ha- -4/ o, h4s a"a/has o- $"" r"so/v". h" $/4c r"so"-, o -h" o-h"rha, -hroh -h" O4c" o -h" So/4c4-or G""ra/, c/a4#s -ha- -h"sa#" ha $""?

. . . r"so/v" 4 -h"


29/44

Election Laws 29

As"r4 a -o c4-" -h" 0oar or co-"#-. h" ar-4"s ar"" -o4/" -h"4r r"s"c-4v" #"#oraaKos4-4o a"rs $* March 15,199!.

P"-4-4o"r 04c" 4/" h4s Pos4-4o Pa"r o March 12, 199!ar4 -ha- -h" 4-hraa/ o SPC No. 9228 a4r#" -h"r/4 o -h" P0C a-" Ma* 21, 1992 a "v" 4 4- "r" o-4-hra, S"c-4o 16 o R.A. 7166 o/ hav" or" -o-"r#4a-" -h" a"a/. 04c" /4"4s" ass"r-s -ha- h4s a"a/ 4SPC No. 92!8& $"ca#" #oo- a aca"#4c 4 v4" o -h4sCor-Ds r/4 //4*4 -h" '" 2&, 1992 or"r o -h" P0Cra-4 -h" "-4-4os or corr"c-4o o -h" SOFs a COCs oa* a Sa Ma"/ as4" ro# $"4 s"rs"" $* -h" P0Cr/4 roc/a4#4 h4# o '/* 21, 1992.

O -h" o-h"r ha, r4va-" r"so"- M4c, 4 h4s Pos4-4oPa"r 4/" o March 15, 199! os-/a-" -ha- -h" "-4-4os 4/"o '" 11, 1992 or -h" corr"c-4o o -h" SOFs a COCs oa* a Sa Ma"/ "r S"c-4o 6 o R/" 27 o -h"Co#"/"c R/"s o Proc"r", as "// as -h" r/4 o -h" P0C o'" 2&, 1992 ra-4 -h" sa#" "r" va/4 so -ha- -h"4-hraa/ o 04c"Ds a"a/ 4 SPC No. 92!8& 4r#/* a4r#"-h" P0C r/4 o '" 2&, 1992 a//o4 -h" corr"c-4os.

O '/* 15, 199!, -h" =4rs- %4v4s4o o -h" COMELECro#/a-" a R"so/-4o, -h" 4sos4-4v" or-4o o h4ch r"as?

F4"" ro# -h" or"o4 cos4"ra-4os, -h" Co##4ss4o (=4rs-%4v4s4o) ho/s -ha- -h" "-4-4o"r A/oso C. 04c" 'r. 4s "-4-/"-o s4- as #"#$"r o -h" Sa4a Pa/a/a4a, S4:-h %4s-r4c-o Paas4a.

ACCOR%+NGL, -h" Co##4ss4o (=4rs- %4v4s4o) RESOLFE%, as4- h"r"$* RESOLFES, -o A==+RM -h" roc/a#a-4o o "-4-4o"rA/oso C. 04c", 'r. $* -h" Prov4c4a/ 0oar o Cavass"rs oPaas4a o 21 '/* 1992 as -h" /* "/"c-" #"#$"r o -h"Sa4a Pa/a/a4a o -h" S4:-h %4s-r4c- o -h" Prov4c"o Paas4a. 12

O '/* 2, 199!, r4va-" r"so"- M4c 4/" a Mo-4o orr"cos4"ra-4o o -h" a$ov"


30/44

Election Laws 30

c"r-44ca-" o cavass as -a$/a-" #or" -ha oc", (2) -oco4"s o -h" "/"c-4o r"-rs or c"r-44ca-" o cavass "r"-a$/a-" s"ara-"/*, (!) -h"r" ha $"" a #4s-a" 4 -h" a4or co*4 o -h" 4r"s 4-o -h" c"r-44ca-" o cavass or 4-o -h"s-a-"#"- o vo-"s, or (&) soca//" "/"c-4o r"-rs ro# o":4s-"- r"c4c-s "r" 4c/" 4 -h" cavass, -h" $oar #a*,#o- ro4o, or o v"r44" "-4-4o $* a* ca4a-", o/4-4ca/ar-*, ora4a-4o or coa/4-4o o o/4-4ca/ ar-4"s, a-"r " o-4c"a h"ar4, corr"c- -h" "rrors co##4--".

($) h" or"r or corr"c-4o #s- $" 4 r4-4 a #s- $"ro#/a-".

(c) A* ca4a-", o/4-4ca/ ar-*, ora4a-4o or coa/4-4oo o/4-4ca/ ar-4"s ar4"v" $* sa4 or"r #a* a"a/ -h"r"ro#-o -h" Co##4ss4o 4-h4 -"-*or (2&) hors ro# -h"ro#/a-4o.

() Oc" a a"a/ 4s #a", -h" $oar o cavass"rs sha//o- roc/a4# -h" 44 ca4a-"s, /"ss -h"4r vo-"s ar" o-a"c-" $* -h" a"a/.

(") h" a"a/ #s- 4#/"a as r"so"-s a// ar-4"sho #a* $" av"rs"/* a"c-" -h"r"$*.

() Uo r"c"4- o -h" a"a/, -h" C/"r o Cor-coc"r" sha// or-h4-h 4ss" s##os, -o"-h"r 4-h a co*o -h" a"a/, -o -h" r"so"-s.

() h" C/"r o Cor- coc"r" sha// 4##"4a-"/* s"- -h"a"a/ or h"ar4.

(h) h" a"a/ sha// $" h"ar a "c4" $* h"Co##4ss4o " $ac (E#has4s ors).

h" r/" 4s /a4 a s4#/". +- ""s o o-h"r 4-"rr"-a-4oco-rar* -o "-4-4o"rDs ro-"s-a-4o.

Ass#4 or -h" sa" o ar#"- -ha- -h" "-4-4o as 4/" o-o -4#", -h4s 4c4"- a/o" 4// o- -har- -h" ro"r"-"r#4a-4o a r"so/-4o o -h" 4s-a- cas" o s$s-a-4a/ros. Ah"r"c" -o a -"ch4ca/4-* -ha- o/ - a s-a# ova/44-* o a a/a$/* vo4 roc/a#a-4o, 4-h -h" 4"v4-a$/" r"s/-o rs-ra-4 -h" "o/"Ds 4// cao- $" co-"ac". + 0"4-ov. COMELEC, 1& ca-"or4ca//* "c/ar" -ha-?

. . . A;4ca-4o o cas"s o s$s-a-4v" #"r4-s a o- o-"ch4ca/4-4"s has $"" cos4s-"-/* o$s"rv" $* -h4s Cor-. +-h" cas" o '/4ao vs. Cor- o A"a/s (2 SCRA 88) c4-" 4%r"#"s vs. Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os (178 SCRA 7&6), -h4sCor- ha -h" occas4o -o "c/ar" -ha-?

B"//s"--/" 4s -h" oc-r4" -ha- "/"c-4o co-"s-s 4vo/v" $/4c4-"r"s-, a -"ch4ca/4-4"s a roc"ra/ $arr4"rs sho/ o- $"a//o" -o s-a 4 -h"* cos-4--" a o$s-ac/" -o -h""-"r#4a-4o o -h" -r" 4// o -h" "/"c-ora-" 4 -h" cho4c" o

-h"4r "/"c-4v" o4c4a/s. A a/so s"--/" 4s -h" r/" -ha- /asov"r4 "/"c-4o co-"s-s #s- $" /4$"ra//* cos-r" -o -h"" -ha- -h" 4// o -h" "o/" 4 -h" cho4c" o $/4c o4c4a/s #a*o- $" ""a-" $* #"r" -"ch4ca/ o$;"c-4os (Gar4"r vRo#/o, 26 Ph4/. 521@ Ga/a v. M4raa, !5 Ph4/. 269@ 'a/aov. Sarco, G.R. No.

L6&96, 'aar* 27, 1962@ Macas4 v. Maca/aa, G.RNo.

L22779, March !1, 1965@ Ca-o v. Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4osG.R. No. L25&67, Ar4/ 27, 1967). + a "/"c-4o cas" -h" corhas a 4#"ra-4v" -* -o asc"r-a4 a// #"as 4-h4 4-sco##a ho 4s -h" r"a/ ca4a-" "/"c-" $* -h" "/"c-ora-"(+$asco v. +/ao, G.R. No. L17512, %"c"#$"r 29, 196). . . ('/4ao vs. Cor- o A"a/s, sra, . 818819). (E#has4sors)

+ -h" /a-"r cas" o Ror4" vs. Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os (119SCRA &65), -h4s oc-r4" as r"4-"ra-" a -h" Cor- "- o -os-a-" -ha-?

S4c" -h" "ar/* cas" o Gar4"r v. Ro#/o (26 Ph4/. 521), -h4sCor- has #a" 4- c/"ar -ha- 4- ros o a* 4-"rr"-a-4o o

-h" /a or -h" r/"s -ha- o/ h4"r 4 a* a* o- o/* -h"r"" a 4-"//4"- cas-4 o -h" vo-"s 4 a "/"c-4o $- a/so -h"corr"c- asc"r-a4#"- o -h" r"s/-s, h4s $"- or 4sos4-4oco-4"s -o -h" r"s"-. (+., a- . &7&).

h" sa#" r4c4/" s-4// ho/s -r" -oa*. "ch4ca/4-4"s o -h"/"a/ r/"s "c4a-" 4 -h" "/"c-4o /as sho/ o- rs-ra-"-h" "-"r#4a-4o o -h" o/ar 4//.

Uo$-"/* -h"r"or", -h" o/* 4ss" -ha- r"#a4s r"so/v" 4s-h" a//oac" o -h" corr"c-4o o ha- ar" r"/* #a-h"#a-4caaKor #"cha4ca/ "rrors 4 -h" a4-4o o -h" vo-"s r"c"4v" $*$o-h ca4a-"s. +- o"s o- 4vo/v" -h" o"4 o $a//o- $o:"s"4-h"r o"s 4- 4vo/v" -h" ":a#4a-4o aKor ar"c4a-4o o$a//o-s. h" corr"c-4o soh- $* r4va-" r"so"- ar"so"- M0Cs o a* a Sa Ma"/ 4s corr"c-4o o#a4"s- #4s-a"s 4 #a-h"#a-4ca/ a4-4o. C"r-a4/*, -h4s o/*ca//s or a #"r" c/"r4ca/ ac- o r"/"c-4 -h" -r" a corr"cvo-"s r"c"4v" $* -h" ca4a-"s $* -h" M0Cs 4vo/v". + -h4scas", -h" #a4"s- "rrors soh- -o $" corr"c-" 4vo/v" -h"ro"r a 4/4"- a4-4o o -h" vo-"s 4 -h" #4c4a/4-4"s oa* a Sa Ma"/, Paas4a.

+ a*, -h" -o-a/ vo-"s r"c"4v" $* "-4-4o"r 04c" as"rro"os/* r"cor" as 2,&86 h" 4- sho/ o/* hav" $""2,&15. P"-4-4o"r 04c", 4 ""c-, as cr"4-" $* 71 vo-"s #or".

+ Sa Ma"/, "-4-4o"r 04c" r"c"4v" 2,179 vo-"s $- ascr"4-" 4-h 6 vo-"s #or", h"c", -h" SOF r"/"c-" -h" -o-a#$"r o vo-"s as 2,185. O -h" o-h"r ha, -h" sa#" SOF44ca-" -ha- r4va-" r"so"- M4c ar"r" 2,892 vo-"s $h" ac-a//* r"c"4v" o/* 2,888, h"c" as cr"4-" 4 ":c"ss o& vo-"s.

Cos"


31/44

Election Laws 31

/a" ro# -h" $"44, -h" sa#" hav4 $"" $as" o aa/-* -a$/a-4o. "c", r"so"- COMELEC 4 o- co##4-rav" a$s" o 4scr"-4o 4 s"--4 as4" -h" 4 //"a/roc/a#a-4o.

As a ar-4 o-", " r"4-"ra-"D or coc"r 4-h r"s"c- -o4s444ca- 4s-"s /a4 -h4s Cor-. r4/"s sch as -h" o"a- 4ss" sho/ o-, as #ch as oss4$/", r"ach -h4s Cor-, c/o4-s oc"-, "#a r"c4os ;4c4a/ -4#" a as-" va/a$/"-a:a*"rsD #o"*, 4 -h"* ca $" s"--/" $"/o 4-ho- r";4c"-o a* ar-* or -o -h" "s o ;s-4c".

BERE=ORE, -h" 4s-a- "-4-4o 4s h"r"$* %+SM+SSE% 4-hcos-s aa4s- "-4-4o"r.

SO OR%ERE%.

L+0ANAN vs. RE (28! SCRA 52, G.R. No. 12978!,%"c"#$"r 22, 1997)9

h" 28-h Ma* 1997 "c4s4o o -h" os" o R"r"s"-a-4v"sE/"c-ora/ r4$a/ (RE), h4ch a4r#" -h" roc/a#a-4o oh"r"4 r4va-" r"so"- 'os" a Ra#4r" "c/ar4 h4# -o $"-h" /* "/"c-" R"r"s"-a-4v" o Eas-"r Sa#ar or hav4o$-a4" -h" /ra/4-* o vo-"s ov"r "-4-4o"r Marc"/4o L4$aa,a -h" 2-h '" 1997 r"so/-4o o -h" RE, h4ch "4"4-h 4a/4-* "-4-4o"rDs #o-4o or r"cos4"ra-4o, ar" soh- -o$" a//" 4 -h4s s"c4a/ c4v4/ ac-4o or c"r-4orar4.

P"-4-4o"r Marc"/4o L4$aa a r4va-" r"so"- 'os"Ra#4r" "r" a#o -h" ca4a-"s or -h" /o" cor"ss4oa/s"a- o Eas-"r Sa#ar 4 -h" Ma* 1995 "/"c-4os. A-"r -h"cavass o -h" r"-rs as #a" o 1! Ma* 1995, -h" Prov4c4a/

0oar o Cavass"rs o Eas-"r Sa#ar roc/a4#" r"so"-Ra#4r" -o hav" $"" /* "/"c-" R"r"s"-a-4v" o -h" %4s-r4c-4-h a -o-a/ o or-*o" -hosa 4v" hr" -"-*-hr""(&1,52!) vo-"s, co#ar" -o "-4-4o"rDs or-* -hosa "4h-hr" s4:-*4" (&,869) vo-"s, or a #ar4 o s4: hr"4-*or(65&) vo-"s ov"r -hos" o "-4-4o"r.

P"-4-4o"r L4$aa s"asoa$/* 4/" a "/"c-4o ro-"s- $"or" -h"RE c/a4#4, a#o o-h"r -h4s, -ha- -h" 8-h Ma* 1995"/"c-4os 4 Eas-"r Sa#ar "r" #arr" $* #ass4v" "/"c-ora/4rr"/ar4-4"s "r"-ra-" or 4s-4a-" $* r"so"- Ra#4r",as "// as h4s /"a"rs a o//o"rs, 4 -h" -"-*-hr"" (2!)#4c4a/4-4"s o -h" /o" 4s-r4c- o Eas-"r Sa#ar 4-h -h" a4,4 var4os 4s-ac"s, o "ac" o4c"rs sos"/* char" 4-h

#a4-a44 a or"r/* a ho"s- "/"c-4o. P"-4-4o"r co-"s-"s"v"-*4" (79) r"c4c-s 4 4v" (5) #4c4a/4-4"s. " a/so#a4-a4" -ha- -h" "/"c-4o r"-rs aKor $a//o-s 4 c"r-a4r"c4c-s "r" -a#"r" 4-h, s$s-4--", or s*s-"#a-4ca//*#ar" 4 avor o r"so"- Ra#4r". L4$aa ra*" -ha-,a-"r " roc""4s, -h" RE sho/ 4ss" a or"r -o a/-h" "/"c-4o a roc/a#a-4o o Ra#4r" a -o -h"r"a-"r soroc/a4# "-4-4o"r as -h" /* "/"c-" R"r"s"-a-4v" o -h"Lo" %4s-r4c- o Eas-"r Sa#ar.

9

+ h4s as"r a co-"rro-"s-, 4-h a "-4-4o or r"/4#4ar*h"ar4 o -h" s"c4a/ a a4r#a-4v" ""s"s, r"so"Ra#4r" "4" -h" char"s. " co-"rro-"s-" -h" r"s/-s o-h" "/"c-4os 4 c"r-a4 r"c4c-s h"r", h" c/a4#", L4$aa"a" 4 #ass4v" vo-" $*4, /asa"ra, -"rror4s# a-"ar4 o -h" /4s- o vo-"rs -o 4s"rach4s" vo-"rs -h"r"4 /4s-"Accor4/*, h" ra*", 4-"r a/4a, or -h" 4s#4ssa/ o -h" ro-"sa -h" co4r#a-4o o h4s "/"c-4o as -h" /* "/"c-"r"r"s"-a-4v" o -h" Lo" %4s-r4c- o Eas-"r Sa#ar.

A-"r so#" "r4h"ra/ 4ss"s "r" s"--/" $* -h" RE, -h"r"v4s4o o $a//o-s 4 -h" ro-"s-" r"c4c-s co##"c" o 2="$rar* 1996. h" RE o-" -ha- L4$aa co-"s-" a -o-ao s"v"-*4" (79) r"c4c-s. +- as o-" r4 -h" r"v4s4oho"v"r, -ha- s4: (6) o -h" co-"s-" r"c4c-s, a#"/*Pr"c4c-s Nos. 1&, 15, 16, 18, 19 a 2 o Ar-"ch", "r" o-o hav" $"" #"r" r4 -h" 8 Ma* 1995 "/"c-4os 4-o-hr"" (!) r"c4c-s, 4."., Pr"c4c-s Nos. 1& a 19, Pr"c4c-s Nos15 a 16 a Pr"c4c-s Nos. 18 a 2. hs, o/* s"v"-*s4:(76) $a//o- $o:"s "r" ac-a//* o"" or r"v4s4o, o" o h4chPr"c4c- No. &1 o G4a, 4 o- co-a4 a* $a//o-.

O 22 ="$rar* 1996, h4/" -h" r"v4s4o o -h" co-"rro-"s-"

r"c4c-s as $"4 h"/, Ra#4r" 4/" a Ur"- Mo-4o -oB4-hraKA$ao Co-"rPro-"s- 4 S"c44cM4c4a/4-4"sKPr"c4c-s ra*4 -ha- h" $" ra-" /"av" -o4-hra a a$ao ar-4a//* h4s co-"rro-"s- 4 c"r-a4r"c4c-s. 1 L4$aa 4/" a oos4-4o -h"r"-o $- -h" #o-4oas "v"-a//* ra-" $* -h" Cha4r#a o -h" RE as$s"


32/44

Election Laws 32

h" r4$a/ 4 o- aoro-"s-a-Ds s$#4ss4o 4 h4sM"#ora# -ha- -h" a$s"c" o -h#$#ar or 0E+ Cha4r#aDss4a-r" a- -h" $ac o -h" $a//o- r""r" -h" $a//o- sr4os.h" a/4ca$/" /a o -h4s 4ss" 4s S"c. 2&, R.A. 7166. +- r"as?

+ "v"r* cas" $"or" "/4v"r4 a o4c4a/ $a//o- -o -h" vo-"r, -h"Cha4r#a o -h" 0oar o E/"c-4o +s"c-ors sha//, 4 -h"r"s"c" o -h" vo-"r, a4: h4s s4a-r" a- -h" $ac -h"r"o.=a4/r" -o so a-h"-4ca-" sha// $" o-" 4 -h" #4-"s o -h"$oar o "/"c-4o o"s" 4sha$/" "r S"c-4o 26! a 26&o -h" O#4$s E/"c-4o Co".

As #a* $" /"a" a$ov", /4" -h" rov4s4o o S"c-4o 21 o-h" O#4$s E/"c-4o Co" h"r" -h" 0E+ Cha4r#a asr"


33/44

Election Laws 33

h" Cor- has s-r"ss" -ha- . . . so /o as -h" Cos-4--4ora-s -h" RE -h" o"r -o $" -h" so/" ;" o a// co-"s-sr"/a-4 -o -h" "/"c-4o, r"-rs a


34/44

Election Laws 34

M""-4 o -h" Co##4--"" o Sra" a E/"c-ora/ R"or#sr"a?

E CA+RMAN."s, Cor"ss#a M"rcao.

ON. MERCA%O. +, -h4, S"c-4o 22, " o -o -h"4-"- o -h" rov4s4o. + -h4 -h" 4-"- h"r" 4s -o sac-4o -h"4s"c-or so + o/ roos" a co#ro#4s". h" $a//o- sho/

o- $" ""#" as sr4os. o"v"r, 4- o/ ra-h"r $" a4/r"o -h" 4s"c-or -o, or -h" cha4r#a -o a4: h4s s4a-r" o/ra-h"r $" a c4rc#s-ac" h4ch o/ arava-" -h" cr4#",h4ch o/ arava-" -h" "/"c-4o o"s", o -h" ar- o -h"4s"c-or, $- o- -o 4s"rach4s" -h" vo-"r. 0"cas" -h"4-"-4o h"r" 4s -o 4sh -h" "/"c-4o 4s"c-or or o- a4:4-h" s4a-r". Bh* sho/ " 4sh -h" vo-"r So + -h4 -h"co#ro#4s" h"r". . .

E CA+RMAN.A s"r4os "/"c-4o o"s".

ON. MERCA%O. "s, 4 - sho/ $" a s"r4os "/"c-4oo"s" o -h" ar- o -h" cha4r#a or o- a4:4 -h" s4a-r",

$- o- -o #a" -h" $a//o- sr4os.

ON. RONO. Mr. Cha4r#a.

E CA+RMAN."s, Cor"ss#a Roo.

ON. RONO. O" -h4 -ha- " hav" -o ar aa4s- 4sh" " "a/ 4-h -h" $a//o- a -h" r4h- -o sra", " sho/o- r"a//* #a" /a -ha- o/ r"v"- -h" /":4$4/4-* o -h"Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os, a -h" Sr"#" Cor- ro# "--4o-h"r ":-ra"os "or-s -o co4r# a-h"-4c4-* or -h"

sr4os"ss o -h" $a//o-, $* #a4 a rov4s4o -ha- $* -ha-s4/" #4s-a" or 4av"r-"c" o -h" cha4r#a " #a" -h"$a//o- a-o#a-4ca//* sr4os 4s a"ros. +- sho/ $" . . . ha-+D# sa*4 4s -ha- -h" Co##4ss4o or -h" ro"r $o4"s $* h4ch-h4s #a--"r 4// $" -a" #a* cos4"r 4- as o" o -h""v4"c"s o sr4os"ss $- o- "r s" or 4so ac-o 4-$"co#"s@ 4- sho/ /oo or o-h"r ":-ra"os "v4"c". So ha- +a# s"s-4 4s /"- s 4v" -h"# -h4s 4 o /":4$4/4-* $"or" ""-"r#4" or $"or" " sa* -ha- -h4s $a//o- 4s sr4os, " 4v"-h" COMELEC so#" /":4$4/4-* 4 -h" "-"r#4a-4o o o-h"r":-ra"os "v4"c".

ON. GARC+A. Ma* + o"r a s"s-4o

E CA+RMAN."s, Cor"ss#a Garc4a.

ON. GARC+A. ha- -h" ac- -ha- a $a//o- o"s o- co-a4 -h"s4a-r", + -h4, 44-4a/ 4// o- $" s4c4"-, -h" s4a-r" o -h"Cha4r#a sho/ $" o-" 4 -h" #4-"s. No-" 4 -h" #4-"s.So -ha- 4 cas" o ro-"s-, -h"r" 4s $as4s.

ON. RONO. OO, #a* $as4s a. +*o /a. + -h4 -ha- o/so/v" or ro$/"#.

E CA+RMAN."s, Mr. Cha4r#a.

MR. MONSO%. or hoor, "Dr" 4//4 -o acc"- -haa#"#"-. a" o- -ha- s"-"c" sr4os, 4-h -h"4-roc-4o o -h" roos" #"asr" . . . 18

h" SN o -h" roc""4s o -h" 04ca#"ra/ co"r"c"Co##4--"" o E/"c-4o La, h"/ o 29 Oc-o$"r 1991, 4 -r

o/ sho -h"s" ":cha"s@

CA+RMAN GONALE? Ar" -h"r" a*-h4 #or"

ON. ROCO. h"r" 4s a s"c-4o 4 -h" S"a-" v"rs4o a$o-h" $a//o- $"4 s4" a- -h" $ac.

CA+RMAN GONALE. Co-"r s4".

ON. ROCO. + 4- 4s o- s4" -h" 4- 4s $"4 sr4osh4ch 4s a v"r* a"ros, + (-h4) (4-) 4s a v"r* a"rosrov4s4o a so . . .

MR. MONSO%. B" ar"" 4-h -h" os" v"rs4o -ha- a*a*h" cha4r#a o 0E+ o"sD- s4 s$;"c- -o a "/"c-4oo"s". 0- 4- sho/ o- $" a $as4s or 4s"rach4s"#"- o-h" vo-"r. So, " $"/4"v" " s"- -h4s 4 -h" h"ar4s 4 -h" os"-ha- " sho/ s-r4" o- -ha- s"-"c" -ha- sa*s -ha- -h4s $a//o-4s a-o#a-4ca//* sr4os. 19

hs -h" 4a/ ra-, h4ch as /a-"r -o $"co#" R.A. No. 7166,o /o"r 4c/" -h" rov4s4o A* $a//o- o- so a-h"-4ca-"sha// $" ""#" sr4os. h" 4-"-4o o -h" /"4s/a-r" "v"

-h" as


35/44

Election Laws 35

S"c-4o !6 o COMELEC R"so/-4o No. 15!9?

S"c. !6. Proc"r" 4 -h" cas-4 o vo-"s. . . .

$. %"/4v"r* o $a//o-. 0"or" "/4v"r4 -h" $a//o- -o -h"vo-"r, -h" cha4r#a sha//, 4 -h" r"s"c" o -h" vo-"r, -h" o-h"r#"#$"rs o -h" $oar a -h" a-ch"rs r"s"-, a4: h4ss4a-r" a- -h" $ac -h"r"o a r4-" -h" s"r4a/ #$"r o -h"

$a//o- 4 -h" sac" rov4" 4 -h" $a//o-, $"44 4-h No. 1or -h" 4rs- $a//o- 4ss", a so o cos"c-4v"/* or -h"scc""4 $a//o-s, h4ch s"r4a/ #$"r sha// $" "-"r" 4 -h"corr"so4 sac" o -h" vo-4 r"cor. " sha// -h" o/ -h"$a//o- oc", a 4-ho- r"#ov4 -h" "-acha$/" coo,"/4v"r 4- -o -h" vo-"r, -o"-h"r 4-h a $a// ".

::: ::: :::

". R"-r4 -h" $a//o-. (1) + -h" r"s"c" o a // -h"#"#$"rs o -h" 0oar, -h" vo-"r sha// a4: h4s r4h- ha-h#$#ar o -h" corr"so4 sac" 4 -h" "-acha$/"coo, a sha// 4v" -h" o/" $a//o- -o -h" cha4r#a. (2) h"

cha4r#a sha// 4-ho- o/4 -h" $a//o- or /oo4 a- 4-sco-"-s, a 4 -h" r"s"c" o -h" vo-"r a a// -h" #"#$"rso -h" 0oar, v"r4* 4 4- $"ars h4s s4a-r" a -h" sa#" s"r4a/#$"r r"cor" 4 -h" vo-4 r"cor. (!) + -h" $a//o- 4s o -o$" a-h"-4c, -h" vo-"r sha// -h" $" r"


36/44

Election Laws 36

"rsos "r" "/4"- 4 "ror#4 -h"4r o -*, h4ch 4 -h"cas" a- $ar as r"/* #44s-"r4a/ a -"ch4ca/, $* o #"as#aa-or* $- a #"r" a-"c""- #"asr" 4-"" -oa-h"-4ca-" -h" $a//o-. A co-rar* r/4 o/ /ac" a r"#4#o o4c4a/ 4"-"ss

a #a" 4- oss4$/" or a s#a// ro o c-4oar4"s, $* -h"4r"/4"c" or, ors", -h"4r "/4$"ra-" 4ac-4o -o rs-ra-"-h" 4// o -h" "/"c-ora-". 27

P"-4-4o"r L4$aa s"s-s -ha- -h" Cor- #4h- a/* -h"r/4 o r"so"- RE 4 -h" cas" o a vs. Ca/a/a*(RE Cas" No. 9526). " s-a-"s -ha- 4- 4s -h" RE 4-s"/,4ro4ca//*, -ha- "a/s -h" co " rac" -o 4-s r/4 RE Cas"No. 952. h" r/4 c4-" $* "-4-4o"r 4s ac-a//* aCo4"-4a/ M"#ora#, 28 a-" 28 Ar4/ 1997, ro# ac"r-a4 A--*. E##a"/ Ma4/4 ar"ss" -o PA Co##4--""s 4RE Cas" No. 9526 (a vs. Ca/a/a*) h4ch has or 4-ss$;"c- ()" r/4s -o $" o//o" 4 -h" ar"c4a-4o o $a//o-s4 RE Cas" No. 9526 (a vs. Ca/a/a*) a o-h"rcoc"rs. P"-4-4o"r L4$aa


37/44

Election Laws 37

$a//o-s "r" o -h"r"4 h4ch "r" o- ra ro# -h" o4c4a/$a//o-s a "r" 4c/" 4 -h" co-4 o vo-"s ov"r -h"o$;"c-4o o -h" r4va-" r"so"-Ds a-ch"rs orr"r"s"-a-4v"s@

5. 0"or" -h" -"r#4a-4o o -h" co-4 o vo-"s a -h"coso/4a-4o o -h" r"s/-s, -h" #ach4" o"ra-or a -h"E/"c-4o O4c"r carr4" aa* ro# -h" a/4#oa a// -h"4s"--" a $roh- -h" sa#" -o -h" o -o 4-ho- -h"o/"" o -h" r4va-" r"so"-Ds a-ch"rs orr"r"s"-a-4v"s@

6. As a r"s/- o -h" or"o4 4rr"/ar4-4"s, ao#a/4"s a"/"c-ora/ ras, -h" "-4-4o"r as 4//"a//* roc/a4#" as 4"r$"cas" h" a"ar" -o hav" o$-a4" 2,2 vo-"s h4/" -h"r4va-" r"so"- ar"r" 2, vo-"s 4-h a s/4h- #ar4 oo/* 2 vo-"s@

7. A-"r -h" co-4 o vo-"s, -h" $a//o- $o:"s "r" "-a- -h" a/4#oa a//, Prov4c4a/ Ca4-o/, Mara4 C4-* ar"a s"cr" $* #4/4-ar* a PNP "rso"/ -o"-h"r 4-h -h"a-ch"rsKr"r"s"-a-4v"s o -h" "-4-4o"r a -h" r4va-"

r"so"- a o-h"r ca4a-"s or o/4-4ca/ ar-4"s -4/ -h"*"r" -rasor-" a "/4v"r" -o -h" r"so"- cor- a-Ma/a$a, Laao "/ Sr so#"-4#" o As- 1!, 1998 $* 1L-.Na4sa AG -o"-h"r 4-h -h" /* a-hor4" r"r"s"-a-4v"s o$o-h ar-4"s.

::: ::: :::

1. O Ma* 22, 1998, r4va-" r"so"-, o4 -ha- h"as ch"a-" a -h" -r" 4"r or Ma*or, 4/" $"or" -h4soora$/" Co##4ss4o a "-4-4o -o a/ -h" roc/a#a-4o o"-4-4o"r A$/#a4 Marho# as -h" /* "/"c-" Ma*or oMaroo, Laao "/ Sr oc"-" as SPC No. 98226.2

2. As r"ca-4oar* #"asr" -o avo4 a* -"ch4ca/4-*,r4va-" r"so"- 4/" o Ma* 25, 1998, a or4ar* Pro-"s-a Ca-"/a# aa4s- -h" "-4-4o"r $"or" -h" R"4oa/ r4a/Cor-, 0rach 11, Ma/a$a, Laao "/ Sr "-4-/" a;4 'a#4/%. %4#aoro vs. A$/#a4 Marho# or "/"c-4o ro-"s-(Maa/ '4c4a/ R"co-, r"v4s4o a r"ar"c4a-4o o $a//o-s)oc"-" as E/"c-4o Cas" No. 11127.!

!. O '" 1, 1998, "-4-4o"r A$/#a4 Marho# 4/"a as"r 4-h co-"rro-"s- 4 E/"c-4o Cas" No. 11127s"c4a/ a a4r#a-4v" ""s"s a co-"rro-"s-.& + h4s

as"r "-4-4o"r ra*" -o ho/ 4 a$"*ac" r-h"rroc""4s s4c" -h" ro-"s- 4s a ca-"/a# or s$;"c- -o -h""-4-4o 4/" $"or" -h4s oora$/" Co##4ss4o.

&. O '/* 2, 1998, $"or" SPC No. 98228 co/ $" s"-or h"ar4 $* -h4s oora$/" Co##4ss4o, -h" r4va-"r"so"- as "-4-4o"r -h"r"4, 4/" a #o-4o -o 4-hra h4s"-4-4o 4 sa4 SPC No. 98228 a/$"4- sa4 cas" as a#o-hos" cas"s -h" roc""4s o h4ch "r" or"r" -o $"co-4" $"*o '" !, 1998, "r Co#"/"c R"so/-4o No.!&9 ro#/a-" o '" 29, 1998.5 . . . .

5. O '/* 17, 1998, a or"r as 4ss" $* -h4soora$/" Co##4ss4o, (=4rs- %4v4s4o) ra-4 -h" r4va-"r"so"-Ds #o-4o -o 4-hra "-4-4o 4 SPC No. 98228 acos4"r" -h" sa#" 4-hra.6 . . . .

6. Uo r"c"4- o a co* o sa4 or"r, a-" '/* 171998, r4va-" r"so"- 4/" a r"- #o-4o $"or" -h"r"so"- cor- o '/* 27, 1998, ra*4 or -h" 4ssac" oa or"r 4r"c-4 -h" ro"r o4c4a/sKo4c"rs coc"r" -o $r4a roc" $"or" sa4 cor- -h" $a//o- $o:"s s$;"c-s o -h"ro-"s- a co-"rro-"s- a -o s"- -h" cas" or h"ar4 as#aa-" $* /a.7 . . . .

7. A-"r -h" "/4v"r* o -h" $a//o- $o:"s 4vo/v" 4 -h"ro-"s- a co-"rro-"s-, -h" $/4c r"so"- 4ss" aor"r, a-" As- 17, 1998, s"--4 E/"c-4o Cas" No. 11127or h"ar4 (a) or -h" cr"a-4o o -h" Co##4--"" o R"v4s4o aao4-#"- o -h" Cha4r#a a M"#$"rs -h"r"o@ ($) #a4o -h" cash "os4- a a*#"- o -h" r"v4sorDs co#"sa-4o(c) ar-4a/ "-"r#4a-4o o -h" cas", "-c. o S"-"#$"r 1, 1998a- 8?! oDc/oc 4 -h" #or4.8

8. Bh" -h" cas" as ca//" or h"ar4 o S"-"#$"r 21998, a R"v4s4o Co##4--"" as cr"a-" a 4-s #"#$"rsh4"r" /* ao4-" 4 o" cor- h4ch co##4--"" as 4r"c-"$* -h" r"so"- cor- -o 44sh -h" r"v4s4o o $a//o-s, 4oss4$/", 4-h4 2 a*s ro# -h" co##"c"#"- o -h"r"v4s4o.9 . . . .

9. A-"r -h" R"v4s4o Co##4--"" as 4r"c-" $* -h"r"so"- -o co##"c" -h" r"v4s4o o $a//o-s, -h" "-4-4o"A$/#a4 Marho# -hr cos"/ ora//* #ov" or -h"4s#4ssa/ o -h" ro-"s- o -h" ros -ha- (1) h" $a//o- $o:"sco-a44 -h" $a//o-s 4 -h" ro-"s-" a co-"rro-"s-"r"c4c-s hav" $"" v4o/a-"@ (2) A-o#a-" co-4 o $a//o-so"s o- co-"#/a-" a #aa/ r"co- o -h" $a//o-s@ a (!)Pro-"s-a- 4s 4/-* o or# sho4 arra-4 s##ar*4s#4ssa/ o -h" "-4-4o"r o -h" ro-"s-.

1. h" r4va-" r"so"- -hr (s4c) "rs4" cos"/v4oros/* oos" -h" sa4 ora/ #o-4o -o 4s#4ss a ora//*ar" -ha- -h" #o-4o 4s c/"ar/* 4/a-or* hav4 $"" #a" o/*a-"r -h" R"v4s4o Co##4--"" has $"" or"r" -o co##"c"-h" r"v4s4o o $a//o-s o S"-"#$"r 1, 1998 a #a4-a4" -ha(1) h" #o-4o -o 4s#4ss 4s o- a//o" 4 a "/"c-4o ro-"s-(2) h" sac-4-* a 4-"r4-* o -h" $a//o- $o:"s s$;"c- #a--"r o-h" ro-"s- a co-"rro-"s- hav" $"" r"s"rv" a "v"v4o/a-"@ (!) h" a-o#a-" co-4 o $a//o-s o"s o- r"c/"-h" 4/4 o -h" "/"c-4o ro-"s- or -h" ;4c4a/ r"co- a

r"v4s4o o $a//o-s@ a (&) h" r4va-" r"so"- 4s o- 4/-* oor# sho4 $"cas" h4s "-4-4o o ro-"s- 4s c/"ar/* a":/4c4-/* a Pro-"s- A Ca-"/a# 4 v4" o -h" ""c* o h4s"-4-4o $"or" -h4s oora$/" Co##4ss4o h4ch as 4-hra$* -h" r4va-" r"so"- $"or" 4- co/ $" s"- or h"ar4 oac-" o $* -h4s oora$/" Co##4ss4o.

11. A-"r -h" ora/ ar#"-s o $o-h ar-4"s, -h" "-4-4o"rDscos"/ as" -ha- h" $" 4v" a#/" -4#" -o 4/" a r4--"O#4$s Mo-4o -o %4s#4ss a -h" r"so"- cor- -hr -h"Ac-4 Pr"s44 '" Rasa 0a/4o, 4ss" a or"r a-"S"-"#$"r 2, 1998, 4v4 -" (1) a*s -o A--*. 4ca Mor-a$a -o 4/" a O#4$s Mo-4o 4 s$s-a-4a-4o o a// -h"



38/44

Election Laws 38

ora/ #o-4os h" #a", r4sh4 a co* -h"r"o -o -h""rs4" cos"/ or -h" r4va-" r"so"- ho as/4"4s" 4v" a "


39/44

Election Laws 39

cho4c" o #"as -a" $* -h" Co##4ss4o o E/"c-4os, /"ss-h"* ar" c/"ar/* 4//"a/ or cos-4--" rav" a$s" o 4scr"-4o,sho/ o- $" 4-"r"r" 4-h. 21

S"c. 2 (1) o Ar-4c/" +> o -h" Cos-4--4o 4v"s -h" COMELEC-h" $roa o"r -o "orc" a a#44s-"r a// /as ar"/a-4os r"/a-4v" -o -h" coc- o a "/"c-4o, /"$4sc4-",44-4a-4v", r""r"# a r"ca//. h"r" ca har/* $" a* o$--ha- -h" -":- a 4-"- o -h4s cos-4--4oa/ rov4s4o 4s -o 4v"COMELEC a// -h" "c"ssar* a 4c4"-a/ o"rs or 4- -oach4"v" -h" ho/4 o r"", or"r/*, ho"s-, "ac"/ acr"4$/" "/"c-4os.

+ accorac" 4-h -h4s 4-"-, -h" Cor- has $"" /4$"ra/ 4"44 -h" ara#"-"rs o -h" COMELECDs o"rs 4coc-4 "/"c-4os. S#/o v. COMELEC 22 a-/* o4-s o--ha-

Po/4-4cs 4s a rac-4ca/ #a--"r, a o/4-4ca/


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Election Laws 40

/"as- -o (2) ""s -o "a$/" h4# -o "a" -h" s"rv4c"s oao-h"r cos"/. Cos4"r4 -ha- -h" 4c4"- as "s4" -o"/a* -h" r-h"r -h" "ar/* 4sos4-4o o -h" cas" h4ch o/rs-ra-" -h" "s o ;s-4c", -h" cor- h"/ 4 a$"*ac" 4-s r/4o -h" 4-hraa/ o a"arac" o a 4r"c-" "-4-4o"rDscos"/ -o ha/" -h" cas" a-"r -h" a"arac" o a "cos"/@ !

8. o r-h"r "/a* -h" roc""4s o -h" cas", -h""-4-4o"r 4/" a "-4-4o or -ras"r o v"" o -h" -r4a/ -o ro#RC, 0rach 11, Ma/a$a, Laao "/ Sr -o +/4a C4-* or 4M"-ro Ma4/a h4ch -h" r4va-" r"so"- 4 o- oos" so aso- -o "/a* -h" "ar/* r"so/-4o o -h4s oora$/" Sr"#"Cor- o -h" sa4 "-4-4o@

9. Aa4, -h" roc""4s o -h" cas" as h"/ 4a$"*ac" 4 v4" o -h" ""c* o -h" sa4 "-4-4o or -ras"ro v""@

1. A-"r -h" 4s#4ssa/ o -h" "-4-4o 4 E/"c-4o Cas" No.5298, -h" "-4-4o"r 4/" -h" 4s-a- "-4-4o or c"r-4orar4 $"or"-h4s oora$/" Sr"#" Cor- 4-h a ra*"r or 4ssac" o

-"#orar* r"s-ra44 or"r@

11. As a 4a$o/4ca/ sch"#" -o cas" r-h"r "/a* o -h"roc""4s o -h" cas", -h" "-4-4o"r 4/" a r"- #o-4o$"or" -h4s oora$/" Sr"#" Cor- ra*4 or -h" 4##"4a-"4ssac" o a RO 4r"c-4 -h" Pr"s44 '", RC, 0rach+++, +/4a C4-* -o c"as", "s4s- a r"ra4 ro# coc-4 a*r-h"r roc""4s o E/"c-4o Cas" No. &8&7 -4/ -h" 4s-a-cas" sha// hav" $"" r"so/v". h4s oora$/" Sr"#" Cor-,4-ho- ra-4 -h" ra*"r or RO, 4r"c-" -h" RC, 0rach+++, +/4a C4-* o- -o ro#/a-" a* "c4s4o 4 -h" sa4 "/"c-4ocas" -4/ r-h"r or"rIsJ ro# -h4s #os- oora$/" Cor-. !&

+- 4s c/"ar, 4v" -h" or"o4 ac-s o -h4s cas", -ha- -h"roa$o- #a"r 4-h4 h4ch "-4-4o"r v4r-a//* s$s-4--"h4s as"r $* $"/a-"/* 4/4 a #o-4o -o 4s#4ss -hr"" (!)#o-hs /a-"r 4s a r4vo/os r"sor- -o roc"r" ca/c/a-" -ors-ra-" -h" 4// o -h" "/"c-ora-". As o4-"/* o$s"rv" $* -h"COMELEC 4 4-s cha//"" R"so/-4o a-" '/* 6, 1999, !5"-4-4o"r o/* 4/" h4s #o-4o -o 4s#4ss h" -h" r"s/-s o -h"-r4a/ a"arI"J -o $" av"rs" -o h4# !6 or r4h- a-"r -h"cr"a-4o o -h" R"v4s4o Co##4--"" ha $"" or"r" $* -h" -r4a/cor-. + "-4-4o"r -r/* 4-"" -o #ov" or -h" r"/4#4ar*h"ar4 o h4s s"c4a/ a a4r#a-4v" ""s"s as h" c/a4#s,-h" h" sho/ hav" s4#/-a"os/* #ov" or -h" r"/4#4ar*h"ar4 o h4s s"c4a/ a a4r#a-4v" ""s"s a- -h" -4#" h"4/" h4s as"r. O-h"r4s", h" sho/ hav" 4/" h4s #o-4o -o

4s#4ss 4-h4 -h" -4#" or $- $"or" 4/4 -h" as"r. . .rsa- -o S"c-4o 1, R/" 16 o -h" 1997 R/"s o C4v4/Proc"r".

S4c" 4- -o s-a-" 4 -h4s r"ar -ha- sch a h4#s4ca/ cha" o#4 $* "-4-4o"r ca o- $" co-"ac" #ch #or" so 4"/"c-4o cas"s h"r" -4#" 4s o -h" "ss"c" 4 -h" r"so/-4o-h"r"o. +"", -h" O#4$s E/"c-4o Co" s-a-"s 4 oc"r-a4 -"r#s -ha-

S"c. 258. Pr""r"-4a/ 4sos4-4o o co-"s-s 4 cor-s.h" RC, 4 -h"4r r"s"c-4v" cas"s, sha// 4v" r""r"c" -o

"/"c-4o co-"s-s ov"r a// o-h"r cas"s, ":c"- -hos" o ha$"ascors, a sha//, 4-ho- "/a*, h"ar a 4-h4 -h4r-* (!) a*sro# -h" a-" o -h"4r s$#4ss4o or "c4s4o, $- 4 "v"r* cas"4-h4 s4: (6) #o-hs a-"r 4/4, "c4" -h" sa#". . . . !7("#has4s a 4-a/4cs s/4").

P"-4-4o"r r-h"r ar"s -ha- h4s s$#4ss4os -ha- a.J -h"4-"r4-* o -h" $a//o- $o:"s has $"" v4o/a-"@ $.J o/* r";"c-"$a//o-s or $a//o-s #aa//* co-" ar" -h" ro"r s$;"c-s o a"/"c-4o ro-"s-@ a c.J r4va-" r"so"- 4s 4/-* o or#sho4, ar" "oh ros -o 4s#4ss -h" cas".

B" r"#a4 cov4c".

As a-/* o$s"rv" $* -h" COMELEC 4 -h" cha//""R"so/-4o, -h"s" ros ar" "v4"-4ar* 4 a-r" a ca $"$"s- v"-4/a-" r4 -h" -r4a/ o -h" cas". !8 +- ""s $"s-r"ss" 4 -h4s r"ar -ha- -h" ros" o a "/"c-4o ro-"s- 4s-o asc"r-a4 h"-h"r -h" ca4a-" roc/a4#" "/"c-" $* -h"$oar o cavass"rs 4s r"a//* -h" /a/ cho4c" o -h" "/"c-ora-"!9 + a "/"c-4o co-"s- h"r" -h" corr"c-"ss o -h" #$"r ovo-"s 4s 4vo/v", -h" $"s- a #os- coc/s4v" "v4"c" ar" -h"

$a//o-s -h"#s"/v"s@ h"r" -h" $a//o-s ca o- $" roc" or ar"o- ava4/a$/", -h" "/"c-4o r"-rs o/ $" -h" $"s- "v4"c". &+ -h4s cas", -h" co-" o4c4a/ $a//o-s ar" ava4/a$/" a -h"r" 4so "v4"c", o-h"r -ha -h" $ar" a//"a-4o o "-4-4o"r, -ha- -h"sac-4-* o -h" $a//o- $o:"s s$;"c- #a--"r o -h" ro-"s- hav"$"" v4o/a-" or -h" o4c4a/ $a//o-s co-a4" -h"r"4 4#a4r"h" $"s- a*, -h"r"or", -o -"s- -h" -r-h/"ss o "-4-4o"rDsc/a4# 4s -o o" -h" $a//o- $o:"s 4 -h" ro-"s-" r"c4c-so//o" $* -h" ":a#4a-4o, r"v4s4o, r"co-4 a r"ar"c4a-4o o -h" o4c4a/ $a//o-s -h"r"4 co-a4" 4accorac" 4-h /a a "r-4"- r/"s o -h" #a--"r. N""/"ss-o s-a-" -h4s ca o/* $" o" -hroh a //$/o -r4a/ o -h"#"r4-s, o- a "r"#-or* r"so/-4o o -h" #o-4o -o 4s#4ss o-h" $as4s o -h" $ar" a o"s4" av"r#"-s #a" -h"r"4.

P"-4-4o"rDs r"/4ac" o COMELEC R"so/-4o No. 2868 &1 -osor- h4s r"s-r4c-4v" c/a4# -ha- o/* r";"c-" $a//o-s or $a//o-s#aa//* co-" 4 cas" o a4/r" o -h" a-o#a-" co-4#ach4"s ar" -h" ro"r s$;"c-s o a "/"c-4o ro-"s-, 4s ;sas "rsas4v".

h"r" 4s a#4--"/* a /aca /""s 4 R.A. No. 8&!6 h4chr"scr4$"s -h" ao-4o o a a-o#a-" "/"c-4o s*s-"#o"v"r, h4/" coc"4 as #ch, -h4s Cor- r/" 4 a*Loo v. COMELEC, &2 -ha- -h" Co##4ss4o 4s "v"r-h"/"ss o-r"c/" ro# coc-4 a #aa/ co- h" -h" a-o#a-"co-4 s*s-"# a4/s, r"aso4 -hs?

. . . + "ac-4 R.A. No. 8&!6, Cor"ss o$v4os/* a4/" -orov4" a r"#"* h"r" -h" "rror 4 co-4 4s o- #ach4"r"/a-" or h#a or"s4h- 4s o- a//s""4. B" ho/, ho"v"r-ha- -h" vac# 4 -h" /a cao- r"v"- -h" COMELEC ro#/"v4-a-4 a$ov" -h" ro$/"#. S"c-4o 2(1) o Ar-4c/" +> (C) o -h"Cos-4--4o 4v"s -h" COMELEC -h" $roa o"r -o "orc"a a#44s-"r a// /as a r"/a-4os r"/a-4v" -o -h" coc- oa "/"c-4o, /"$4sc4-", 44-4a-4v", r""r"# a r"ca//.Uo$-"/*, -h" -":- a 4-"- o -h4s rov4s4o 4s -o 4v" -h"COMELEC a// -h" "c"ssar* a 4c4"-a/ o"rs or 4- -oach4"v" -h" o$;"c-4v" o ho/4 r"", or"r/*, ho"s-, "ac"a cr"4$/" "/"c-4os. Cor"- -o -h4s 4-"-, -h4s Cor- has



41/44

Election Laws 41

o- $"" 4ar/* 4 "44 -h" ara#"-"rs o o"rs oCOMELEC 4 -h" coc- o or "/"c-4os . . . + -h" cas" a- $ar,-h" COMELEC or"r or a #aa/ co- as o- o/*r"asoa$/". +- as -h" o/* a* -o co- -h" "c4s4v" /oca/vo-"s . . . h" $o--o# /4" 4s -ha- $* #"as o -h" #aa/ co-,-h" 4// o -h" vo-"rs o S/ as ho"s-/* "-"r#4". B"cao- 4c aa* -h" 4// o -h" "o/" $* 4v4 a /4-"ra/4-"rr"-a-4o -o R.A. 8&!6. R.A. 8&!6 4 o- roh4$4- #aa/co-4 h" #ach4" co- o"s o- or. Co-4 4s ar-a arc"/ o -h" coc- o a "/"c-4o h4ch 4s "r -h"co-ro/ a s"rv4s4o o -h" COMELEC . . .

. . . Or "/"c-4os ar" o- coc-" "r /a$ora-or* co4-4os.+ r4 or $/4c o4c"s, ca4a-"s o o- o//o -h" r/"s oE#4/* Pos-. oo o-", COMELEC has -o #a" sa ;#"-s-o #""- or"s"" c4rc#s-ac"s -ha- -hr"a-" -o s$v"r- -h"4// o or vo-"rs. + -h" roc"ss, -h" ac-4os o COMELEC #a*o- $" 4#"cca$/", 4"", #a* "v" $" "$a-a$/". B" cao-,ho"v"r, "a" 4 a s4v"/ cha4r cr4-4c4s# o -h"s" ac-4os o-"-a" "r v"r* 44c/- c4rc#s-ac"s.

F"r4/*, -h" /"a/ co#ass ro# h4ch -h" COMELEC sho/ -a"4-s $"ar4s 4 ac-4 o "/"c-4o co-rov"rs4"s 4s -h" r4c4/"

-ha- c/"a "/"c-4os co-ro/ -h" aror4a-""ss o -h" r"#"*.&

0" -ha- as 4- #a*, -h" ac- 4s -h" av"r#"-s 4 "-4-4o"rDsco-"rro-"s- a r4va-" r"so"-Ds ro-"s- a/r"a* ;s-44"-h" "-"r#4a-4o o -h" 4ss"s -hroh a ;4c4a/ r"v4s4o ar"co-4 o -h" $a//o-s rsa- -o S"c-4o 255 o -h" O#4$sE/"c-4o Co" h4ch rov4"s -ha-

S"c. 255. '4c4a/ co-4 o vo-"s 4 "/"c-4o co-"s-. Bh"r" a//"a-4os 4 a ro-"s- or co-"rro-"s- so arra-or h""v"r 4 -h" o44o o -h" cor- -h" 4-"r"s-s o ;s-4c" sor"


42/44

Election Laws 42

A- $a/ac", -h"


43/44

Election Laws 43

"r" r";"c-" a 4//"a/ vo-"s r"c"4v", -h" #o-4o o ro-"s-sho/ s-a-" 4 ha- r"c4c-s sch 4rr"/ar4-4"s occrr", . . .h" s"c44ca-4o 4 -h" #o-4o o ro-"s- o -h" "/"c-4o r"c4c-or r"c4c-s h"r" -h" a//"" 4rr"/ar4-4"s occrr", 4s r"


44/44

Election Laws 44

ararahs 1, 2 a ! o -h" ro-"s-, 4-ho- -h"r"$* a4 "ros or -hos" a/r"a* a//"" $* -h" ro-"s-a-.

A/*4 -h" sa#" r4c4/" -o -h" s"c44ca-4o o r"c4c-s 4-h" 4s-a- cas", -h" ""c- 4 -h" "-4-4o sho/ hav" $""cr" $* -h" oos4-4o -o -h" r4va-" r"so"-Ds Mo-4o -o%4s#4ss.

Mor"ov"r, -h" ac- -ha- -h" RE 4 o- s##ar4/* 4s#4ss -h"P"-4-4o A Ca-"/a#, a 4s-"a, r"

Date post:	28-Feb-2018
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Cases 1 - Election Laws

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