Cases in Evidence.pptx

8/15/2019 Cases in Evidence.pptx

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SURVEY OF RECENT CASES IN EVIDENCE


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1. Waiver of Objection

When the ro!n" for objection beco#e$rea$onab%& a''arent( $ea$onab%& rai$e"

!'on objection( other)i$e )aive"( $incethe riht to object i$ #ere%& a 'rivi%ee)hich the 'art& #a& )aive *S'$.A#bro$io Deca%en( et a%. v$. +hi%

E'i$co'a% Ch!rch( et a%.( ,.R. No.1-1/0( !ne -( /12.


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;.


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∗9. A 'art&?$ "ec%aration of theco#'%etion of the're$entation of hi$ evi"ence'revent$ hi# fro#

intro"!cin f!rther evi"ence.E@ce'tion. *Re'!b%ic of the+hi%$. V$. San"ianba&an( et

a%.( ,.R. No. 1=;-=(Dece#ber 1:( /112.


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-. Chain of C!$to"&

+re$!#'tion of Re!%arit&*+eo. V$. Bai"a 8a#a" &

A#bin( ,.R. No. 1-9107(

an!ar& 10( /1/2


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∗ What con$tit!te$ $!cient co#'%iance )ith the Chainof C!$to"& r!%e

∗ A$ a #o"e of a!thenticatin evi"ence( the chain of

c!$to"& r!%e re!ire$ that the a"#i$$ion of an E@hibitbe 'rece"e" b& evi"ence $!cient to $!''ort a3n"in that the #atter in !e$tion i$ )hat the'ro'onent c%ai#$ it to be. It )o!%" inc%!"e te$ti#on&abo!t ever& %in in the chain( fro# the #o#ent the

ite# )a$ 'ice" !' to the ti#e it i$ oGere" intoevi"ence( in $!ch a )a& that ever& 'er$on )hoto!che" the E@hibit )o!%" "e$cribe ho) an" fro#)ho# it )a$ receive"( )here it )a$ an" )hatha''ene" to it )hi%e in the )itne$$e$? 'o$$e$$ion( thecon"ition in )hich it )a$ receive" an" the con"ition in)hich it )a$ "e%ivere" to the ne@t %in in the chain.The$e )itne$$e$ )o!%" then "e$cribe the 'reca!tiontaen to en$!re that there ha" been no chane in thecon"ition of the ite# an" no o''ort!nit& for $o#eonenot in the chain to have 'o$$e$$ion of the $a#e.


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7. Confe$$ionA"#i$$ion to 5e"ia*+eo. V$. 5ichae% A. Hi'ona( ,.R. No.17=-/0( Febr!ar& 17( /1/2

Confe$$ion$ #a"e to #e"ia are

a"#i$$ib%e a$ the& are #a"e inre$'on$e to !e$tion$ b& ne)$re'orter$( not b& the 'o%ice or other

inve$tiatin ocer. State#ent$$'ontaneo!$%& #a"e b& a $!$'ect tone)$ re'orter$ on a te%evi$e"intervie) are "ee#e" vo%!ntar& an"

are a"#i$$ib%e in evi"ence.


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0. Fi%iation*H!r Ne'o#!ceno v$.Arhbence% Ann 4o'e6(re're$ente" b& her #otherArace%i 4o'e6 *,.R. No.

171=7( 5arch 17( /1/2


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∗ In it$ r!%in$( the S!'re#e Co!rt ha$$'eci3e" )hat incri#inatin act$ areacce'tab%e a$ evi"ence to e$tab%i$h

3%iation. The i$$!e of 'aternit& $ti%% ha$to be re$o%ve" b& $!ch conventiona%evi"ence a$ the re%evant incri#inatinverba% an" )ritten act$ b& the '!tative

father.∗ Un"er Art. -7 of the Ne) Civi% Co"e(

vo%!ntar& reconition b& a 'arent $ha%%be #a"e in the recor" of birth( a$ )e%%

a$( a $tate#ent before a co!rt ofrecor"( or in an& a!thentic )ritin.

∗ To be eGective( the c%ai# of 3%iation#!$t be #a"e b& the '!tative fatherhi#$e%f an" the )ritin #!$t be the)ritin of the '!tative father. Stan"in


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11. E!i'oi$e R!%e

*,.R. No. 1:1/7;( A!!$t ;(/1/2


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∗ Un"er the E!i'oi$e r!%e( )here theevi"ence on an i$$!e of fact i$ ine!i'oi$e( or there i$ "o!bt on )hich$i"e the evi"ence 're'on"erate$( the'art& havin the b!r"en of 'roof %o$e$.

The e!i'oi$e r!%e 3n"$ a''%ication ifthe inc!%'ator& fact$ an" circ!#$tance$are ca'ab%e of or #ore e@'%anation$(one of )hich i$ con$i$tent )ith the

innocence of the acc!$e" an" the othercon$i$tent )ith hi$ !i%t( for then theevi"ence "oe$ not $!ce to 'ro"!ce aconviction.

∗ The e!i'oi$e r!%e ha$ been enera%%&a''%ie" )hen the 'artie$ a%rea"&


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1. +o$itive I"enti3cation> *+eo'%ev$. De%3n Ca%i$o J,.R. No. 17;7;/(

October 10( /11K2


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In ever& cri#ina% 'ro$ec!tion(the i"entit& of the oGen"er( %ie thecri#e it$e%f( #!$t be e$tab%i$he" b&'roof be&on" rea$onab%e "o!bt.In"ee"( the 3r$t "!t& of the+ro$ec!tion i$ not to 'rove thecri#e b!t to 'rove the i"entit& of

the cri#ina%( for even if theco##i$$ion of the cri#e can bee$tab%i$he"( there can be noconviction )itho!t 'roof of i"entit&

of the cri#ina% be&on" rea$onab%e


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∗ The i"enti3cation of the #a%efactor(to be 'o$itive an" $!cient forconviction( "oe$ not a%)a&$ re!ire"irect evi"ence fro# an e&e)itne$$Lother)i$e( no conviction )i%% be'o$$ib%e in cri#e$ )here there are noe&e)itne$$e$. In"ee"( tr!$t)orth&

circ!#$tantia% evi"ence can e!a%%&con3r# the i"enti3cation an" overco#ethe con$tit!tiona%%& 're$!#e"innocence of the acc!$e". Th!$( the

Co!rt ha$ "i$tin!i$he" t)o t&'e$ of'o$itive i"enti3cation in +eo'%e v$.,a%%ar"e( to )it *a2 that b& "irectevi"ence( thro!h an e&e)itne$$ to thever& co##i$$ion of the actL *b2 that b&

circ!#$tantia% evi"ence( $!ch a$ )here


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The te$t to "eter#ine the #ora%

certaint& of an i"enti3cation i$ it$i#'ervio!$ne$$ to $ce'tici$# onacco!nt of it$ "i$tinctivene$$. Toachieve $!ch "i$tinctivene$$( the

i"enti3cation of evi"ence $ho!%"enco#'a$$ !ni!e 'h&$ica%feat!re$ or characteri$tic$( %ie theface( the voice( the "ent!re$( the"i$tin!i$hin #ar$ or tattoo$ onthe bo"&( 3ner'rint$( DNA( or an&other 'h&$ica% fact$ that $et the

in"ivi"!a% a'art fro# the re$t ofh!#anit .


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1;. !"icia% A"#i$$ion *S'$. 5an!e% an"

F%orentina De% Ro$ario v$.

,err& Ro@a$ Fo!n"ation(Inc. J,.R. No. 1-/=-=( !ne

7( /11K2


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Section 9( R!%e 10 of the R!%e$ of Co!rt 'rovi"e$that

∗ Sec. 9. !"icia% a"#i$$ion$. M An a"#i$$ion(verba% or )ritten( #a"e b& a 'art& in the co!r$eof the 'rocee"in$ in the $a#e ca$e( "oe$ notre!ire 'roof. . . .

A j!"icia% a"#i$$ion i$ one $o #a"e in'%ea"in$ 3%e" or in the 'rore$$ of a tria% a$ to"i$'en$e )ith the intro"!ction of evi"enceother)i$e nece$$ar& to "i$'en$e )ith $o#e r!%e$of 'ractice nece$$ar& to be ob$erve" an" co#'%ie"

)ith. Corre$'on"in%&( fact$ a%%ee" in theco#'%aint are "ee#e" a"#i$$ion$ of the '%aintiGan" bin"in !'on hi#. The a%%eation$($tate#ent$ or a"#i$$ion$ containe" in a '%ea"inare conc%!$ive a$ aain$t the '%ea"er.


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19. E%ectronic Evi"ence

*R!$tan +. An v$. CA( eta%.( ,.R. No. 177;=( A'ri%

/( /1/2

R!%e on E%ectronic Evi"ence "oe$not a''%& to cri#ina% ca$e$. It

a''%ie$ on%& to civi% action$(!a$i>j!"icia% an" a"#ini$trative'rocee"in$


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1=. DNA *e$$e U. 4!ca$v$. e$!$ S. 4!ca$( ,.R.No. 10/-1/( !ne :(/11

∗I$ a 'ri#a facie $ho)innece$$ar& before a co!rt cani$$!e a DNA te$tin or"er


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1:. Rico Ro##e% Atien6av$.

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