Cases Syllabus 7

8/18/2019 Cases Syllabus 7

1/81

FIRST DIVISION

[G.R. No. 165849. December 10, 2007.]

GILBERT G. GUY, petitioner , vs.

THE COURT OF APPEALS (8TH DIVISION),NORTHERN ISLANDS CO., INCORPORATED,SIMNY G. GUY, GERALDINE G. GUY, GLADYS G.YAO, and EMILIA TABUGADIR, respondents.

SANDOVAL-GUTIERREZ, J p

!e"ore #$ %re &'e (5) co*$o+-%e- c%$e$ /c $emme- "rom '+%$e No. 04109444 &+e- / e Re3o*%+ Tr%+ o#r (RT),!r%*c 24, %*+%, $#b$e#e*+ rer%e- o !r%*c 46 1 %*-e'e*#%++ o !r%*c 25. 2

Te *$%* co*ro'er$e$ %ro$e "rom % "%m+ -$p#e. G+ber G# $e $o* o" Fr%*c$co %*- Sm* G#. Ger%+-*e, G+%-$ %*- Gr%ce%re $ $$er$. Te "%m+ "e#- *'o+'e$ e o/*er$p %*-co*ro+ o" 20,160 $%re$ o" $oc o" Norer* I$+%*-$ o., I*c.(Norer* I$+%*-$) e*3%3e- * e m%*#"%c#re, -$rb#o*, %*-$%+e$ o" '%ro#$ ome %pp+%*ce$ be%r*3 e :D r%-em%r.

Sm* %*- er -%#3er$ Ger%+-*e, G+%-$ %*- Gr%ce, %$ /e++ %$Norer* I$+%*-$ %*- ;m+% T%b#3%-r, %'e bee* mp+e%-e- %$re$po*-e*$ * e %bo'ee*+e- c%$e$. Norer* I$+%*-$ $ %"%m+o/*e- corpor%o* or3%*


2/81

e%*/+e, o* A#+ 15, 2004, e r%+ co#r $$#e- e TRO pr%e-"or b =*co+* o**e*%+ -rec*3 re$po*-e*$ o re$ore oG+ber e $%re$ o" $oc #*-er co*ro'er$. I* e $%me Or-er,e r%+ co#r $e e e%r*3 o" =*co+* o**e*%+E$ %pp+c%o*"or % /r o" pre+m*%r *#*co* o* A#+ 19, 20, %*- 22, 2004.

O* A#+ 16, 2004, e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Te* D'$o*) $$#e- % TROe*o**3 !r%*c 46, RT, %*+% "rom e*"orc*3, m%*%**3, or3'*3 eHec o $ Or-ero" A#+ 12, 2004 $e*3 ee%r*3 o" =*co+* o**e*%+E$ %pp+c%o* "or % TRO.

De$pe e TRO, e r%+ co#r procee-e- o e%r =*co+*o**e*%+E$ %pp+c%o* "or % /r o" pre+m*%r *#*co*. T$prompe- re$po*-e*$ o &+e * e $%me ?G.R. SB No. 85069 %S#pp+eme*%+ Beo* "or Certiorari, Brobo*,%*- Mandamus $ee*3 o $e %$-e e Or-er$ o" er%+ co#r $e*3 e e%r*3 %*- %c#%++ e%r*3 =*co+*o**e*%+E$ %pp+c%o* "or % /r o" pre+m*%r *#*co*. Tepr%e- "or % TRO %*- % /r o" pre+m*%r *#*co* o e*o* er%+ co#r (!r%*c 46) "rom "#rer e%r*3 '+ %$e No. 04109444.

O* Sepember 17, 2004, e TRO $$#e- be o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Te* D'$o*) * ?G.R. SB No. 85069epre-.

O* Sepember 20, 2004, G+ber &+e- % oo* "or =e%'e oI*er'e*e %*- oo* o ?-m omp+%**I*er'e*o* * '+%$e No. 04109444. I* $ Or-er -%e- Ocober 4, 2004, er%+ co#r 3r%*e- e moo*$. D;S%I

e%*me, o* Ocober 1:, 2004, e r%+ co#r $$#e- e/r o" pre+m*%r m%*-%or *#*co* pr%e- "or b =*co+*o**e*%+ * '+ %$e No. 04109444.

O* Ocober 20, 2004, e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Te* D'$o*) -e*e-re$po*-e*$E %pp+c%o* "or *#*c'e re+e" $*ce er%+ co#r %- %+re%- $$#e- % /ro" pre+m*%r *#*co* *"%'or o" =*co+* o**e*%+. o*$e#e*+, o* Ocober 22, 2004,re$po*-e*$ &+e- / e Te* D'$o* % oo* o -r%/Beo* %*- S#pp+eme*%+ Beo* * ?G.R. SB No. 85069.

O* Ocober 26, 2004, re$po*-e*$ &+e- % *e/ Beo*"or Certiorari / e o#r o" ?ppe%+$, -ocee- %$ ?G.R. SB No.87104, r%e- oH o e ;3 D'$o*. Te pr%e- % e TRO%*- /r o" pre+m*%r *#*co* $$#e- b e RT, !r%*c 46,%*+% be *#++&e- %*- % %* *#*c'e re+e" be $$#e- re$or*3o em e m%*%3eme* o" Norer* I$+%*-$. Te %++e3e- %

G+ber %$ bee* -$$p%*3 e %$$e$ o" e corpor%o* "or $per$o*%+ 3%*.

O* Ocober 28, 2004, e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ ;3 D'$o* $$#e- % TRO e*o**3 e mp+eme*%o* o" e /r o" pre+m*%r*#*co* -%e- Ocober 1:, 2004 $$#e- b e r%+ co#r * '+%$e No. 04109444C %*- -rec*3 =*co+* o**e*%+ o #r* o'ere %$$e$ %*- recor-$ o" Norer* I$+%*-$ o re$po*-e*$.

O* No'ember 2, 2004, re$po*-e*$ &+e- / e%ppe++%e co#r (;3 D'$o*) %* Jr3e* Omnibus oo* pr%*3"or e $$#%*ce o" % bre%ope* Or-er o mp+eme* $ TRO.

O* No'ember 4, 2004, e ;3 D'$o* $$#e- % Re$o+#o*3r%**3 re$po*-e*$E moo*. B#r$#%* o $ Re$o+#o*,re$po*-e*$ e*ere- e Norer* I$+%*-$ prem$e$ % No. :erc#r ?'e*#e, =b$, K#e


3/81

o I*c+#-e S#per'e**3 ;'e*$. N%me- %$ %--o*%+ re$po*-e*$/ere :D I*-#$re$, A#-3e e+$o D. =%'M%, Bre$-*3 A#-3e, RT,!r%*c 71, B%$3 %*- SerH re$e*co R%be++o, Ar. T$$#pp+eme*%+ peo* %++e3e$ % G+ber, * %* %emp ocrc#m'e* e *#*c'e /r $$#e- b e ;3 D'$o* o" e%ppe++%e co#r, &+e- / e RT, !r%*c 71, B%$3 %comp+%* "or rep+e'* o* be%+" o" :D I*-#$re$, o e*%b+e o%e po$$e$$o* o" e %$$e$ %*- recor-$ o" Norer* I$+%*-$. Te

comp+%* /%$ -ocee- %$ '+ %$e No. 70220. O* A%*#%r 18,2005, e RT $$#e- e /ro" rep+e'* * "%'or o" :D I*-#$re$.

O* ?pr+ 15, 2005, re$po*-e*$ &+e- / e ;3 D'$o* %Seco*- S#pp+eme*%+ Beo* "or Certiorari %*- Brobo* /Jr3e* oo* "or e I$$#%*ce o" %* ;p%*-e- r o" Bre+m*%rI*#*co*. Imp+e%-e- ere* %$ %--o*%+ re$po*-e*$ /ereI3*%co %*- I3*%co =%/ O@ce$, Sm%r*e, A#-3e %r% Tere$% DeG#


4/81

O* Sepember 15, 2005, :D I*-#$re$, I*c. &+e- % peo*"or certiorari, probo*, %*- mandamus / $ o#r %$$%+*3e Dec$o* o" e o#r o"?ppe%+$ * ?G.R. SB No. 87104 $e*3%$-e e /r o" pre+m*%r *#*co* $$#e- b e RT, !r%*c46. Te peo* /%$ -ocee- %$ G.R. No. 169462 %*- r%e- oH oe Tr- D'$o* o" $ o#r.

O* Ocober :, 2005, e Tr- D'$o* o" $ o#r $$#e- %Re$o+#o* 4 -$m$$*3 e peo* o" :D I*-#$re$ * G.R. No.169462. :D I*-#$re$ me+ &+e- $ moo* "or reco*$-er%o*b# $ /%$ -e*e- b $ o#r * $ Re$o+#o* 5 -%e-December 14, 2005.

e%*/+e, o* Ocober 10, 2005, G+ber, peo*er * G.R. No.165849 "or certiorari, &+e- / $ o#r % S#pp+eme*%+ Beo*"or Certiorari, Brobo*, %*- Mandamus / Jr3e* ?pp+c%o*"or % r o" Bre+m*%r %*-%or I*#*co* c%++e*3*3 eDec$o* o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Se'e* D'$o*), -%e- ?#3#$19, 2005, * ?G.R. SB No. 87104. T$ Dec$o* $e %$-e eOr-er -%e- Ocober 1:, 2004 o" e RT, !r%*c 46 3r%**3 e/r o"pre+m*%r *#*co* * "%'or o" =*co+* o**e*%+.

O* No'ember 8, 2005, I3*%co %*- I3*%co =%/ O@ce$ %*-Sm%r*e &+e- / $ o#r er peo*$ "or certiorari, -ocee-%$ G.R. Nos. 17185 !"# 17186, re$pec'e+.

O* Febr#%r 27, 2006, =*co+* o**e*%+ &+e- / $ o#r %peo* "or re'e/ o* certiorari c%++e*3*3 eDec$o* o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Se'e* D'$o*) * ?G.R. VNo. 859:7, -ocee- %$ G.R. No. 17166.

O* %rc 20, 2006, /e or-ere- e co*$o+-%o* o" G.R. No.17166 / G.R. Nos. 165849, 17185, !"# 17186.

I* e me%*me, * % Dec$o* -%e- No'ember 27, 2006 * ?G.R.V No. 859:7, e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Spec%+ Seco*- D'$o*)%@rme- e Dec$o* * '+ %$e No. 04109444 o" e RT(!r%*c 25) -$m$$*3 =*co+* o**e*%+E$ comp+%* %*- G+berE$comp+%***er'e*o*, #$ cS%?D

L;R;FOR;, e %ppe%+$ %re -$m$$e- %*- e%$$%+e- -ec$o* ?FFIR;D / mo-&c%o*$ %p+%*H %*- p+%*H*er'e*or %re or-ere- o p%e%c o" e -e"e*-%*$%ppe++ee$ Sm* G#,Ger%+-*e G#, Gr%ce G#e# %*- G+%-$ %omor%+ -%m%3e$ o" B500,000.00, eemp+%r-%m%3e$ o"B100,000.00 %*- %or*eE$"ee$ o" B500,000.00.

SO ORD;R;D.

=*co+* o**e*%+ %*- G+ber &+e- er re$pec'e moo*$ "orreco*$-er%o*, b# e /ere -e*e- * % Re$o+#o* prom#+3%e-o* Febr#%r 12, 2007.

=*co+* o**e*%+ e* &+e- / $ o#r % peo* "or re'e/o* certiorari %$$%+*3 e Dec$o* o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (FormerSpec%+ Seco*- D'$o*) * ?G.R. V No. 859:7. T$ peo* /%$

-ocee- %$ G.R. No. 17665 %*- r%e- oH o e Tr-D'$o* o" $ o#r.

I* o#r Re$o+#o* -%e- A#*e 6, 2007, /e or-ere- G.R. No. 176650co*$o+-%e- / G.R. No$. 165849, 170185, 170186, %*- 171066.

T$E ISSUES

I* G.R. Nos. 165849 %*- 17166, peo*er$ G+ber %*- =*co+*o**e*%+ r%$e e "o++o/*3 $$#e$ (1) /eer re$po*-e*$ %re3#+ o" "or#m $opp*3C %*- (2) /eer e %re e*+e- o e*#*c'e re+e" 3r%*e- * ?G.R. SB No. 87104.

I* G.R. Nos. 17185 !"# 17186, e p'o%+ $$#e $ /eere o#r o" ?ppe%+$ comme- 3r%'e %b#$e o" -$creo*%mo#**3 o +%c or ece$$ o"#r$-co* * r#+*3 % peo*er$I3*%co %*- I3*%co =%/ O@ce$ %*- Sm%r*e %re %+$o co'ere- b$ Re$o+#o* 3r%**3 e /r o" pre+m*%r *#*co* *"%'or o" re$po*-e*$.

I* G.R. No. 17665, e core $$#e $ /eere o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Spec%+ Seco*- D'$o*) erre- * %@rm*3e Dec$o* o" e RT, !r%*c 25, %*+% -%e- Sepember 19,2005 -$m$$*3 e comp+%* o" =*co+* o**e*%+ %*- ecomp+%***er'e*o* o" G+ber * '+ %$e No. 04109444.

T$E %OURT&S RULINGA. G.R. Nos. 165849 !"# 17166

O* e #e$o* o" "or#m $opp*3, peo*er$ G+ber %*- =*co+*o**e*%+ co*e*- % e %c$ o" re$po*-e*$ * &+*3 % peo*"or certiorari %*-mandamus * ?G.R. SB No. 85069 %*-/-r%/*3 e $%me %*- er $#b$e#e* &+*3 o" % peo*"or certiorari * ?G.R. SB No. 87104 co*$#e "or#m $opp*3C% re$po*-e*$ /-re/ er peo* * ?G.R. SB No. 85069%"er e Te* D'$o* $$#e- % Re$o+#o* -%e- Ocober 20, 2004-e**3 er %pp+c%o* "or % /r o" pre+m*%r *#*co*C %e e* &+e- %* -e*c%+ peo* * ?G.R. SB No. 87104 $ee*3

e $%me re+e" %++e3e- * er peo* * ?G.R. SB No. 85069C%*- % b %*3 co3*


5/81

87104, *$e%- o" -$m$$*3 o#r3 o* e 3ro#*-o" "or#m$opp*3, e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ comme- 3r%'e%b#$e o" -$creo* %*%mo#* o +%c orece$$ o" #r$-co*. cT?%D

? p%r $ 3#+ o" "or#m $opp*3 /e* e repe'e+%'%+$ o" $e'er%+ #-c%+ reme-e$ * -Here* co#r$,$m#+%*eo#$+ or $#cce$$'e+, %++ $#b$%*%++ "o#*-e- o* e$%me r%*$%co*$ %*- e $%me e$$e*%+ "%c$ %*- crc#m$%*ce$,

%*- %++ r%$*3 $#b$%*%++ e $%me $$#e$ eer pe*-*3 *, or%+re%- re$o+'e- %-'er$e+ b $ome oer co#r. 6 I $ probe-b Seco* 5, R#+e 7 o" e 1997 R#+e$ o" '+ Broce-#re, %$%me*-e-, /c pro'-e$

S;TION 5. Certifcation against orum shopping. P Te p+%*H or pr*cp%+ p%r $%++ cer" #*-ero% * e comp+%* or oer *%or p+e%-*3%$$er*3 % c+%m "or re+e", or * % $/or*cer&c%o* %**ee- ereo %*- $m#+%*eo#$+&+e- ere/ (%) % e %$ *o ereo"orecomme*ce- %* %co* or &+e- %* oer c+%m

*'o+'*3 e $%me $$#e$ * %* co#r, rb#*%+, or#%$#-c%+ %3e*c %*-, o e be$ o" $*o/+e-3e, *o $#c oer %co* or c+%m $pe*-*3 ere*C (b) " ere $ $#c oer pe*-*3%co* or c+%m, % comp+ee $%eme* o" epre$e* $%#$ ereo"C %*- (c) " e $o#+-ere%"er +e%r* % e $%me or $m+%r %co* %$bee* &+e- or $ pe*-*3, e $%++ repor % "%c/* &'e (5) -%$ ere"rom o e co#r /ere*$ %"ore$%- comp+%* or *%or p+e%-*3 %$bee* &+e-.

F%+#re o comp+ / e "ore3o*3 re#reme*$$%++ *o be c#r%b+e b mere %me*-me* o" ecomp+%* or oer *%or p+e%-*3 b# $%++ bec%#$e "or e -$m$$%+ o" e c%$e /o#pre#-ce, #*+e$$ oer/$e pro'-e-, #po* moo*%*- e%r*3. Te $#bm$$o* o" % "%+$e cer&c%o*or *o*comp+%*ce / %* o" e #*-er%*3$ere* $%++ co*$#e *-rec co*emp o" co#r,/o# pre#-ce o e corre$po*-*3%-m*$r%'e %*- crm*%+ %co*$. I" e%c$ o" e p%r or $ co#*$e+ c+e%r+ co*$#e/++"#+ %*- -e+ber%e "or#m $opp*3, e $%me

$%++ be 3ro#*- "or $#mm%r -$m$$%+ /

pre#-ce %*- $%++ co*$#e -rec co*emp, %$/e++ %$ % c%#$e "or %-m*$r%'e $%*co*$.

For#m $opp*3 $ co*-em*e- bec%#$e #**ece$$%r+ b#r-e*$o#r co#r$ / e%' c%$e+o%-$, #*-#+ %e$ e m%*po/er %*-&*%*c%+ re$o#rce$ o" e #-c%r %*- rQe$ / %*- moc$ #-c%+ proce$$e$, ereb %Hec*3 e e@ce*%-m*$r%o* o" #$ce. 7 Te prm%r e'+ $o#3 o be pro$crbe-b e probo* %3%*$ "or#m $opp*3 $, o/e'er, e

po$$b+ o" co*Qc*3 -ec$o*$ be*3 re*-ere- b e -Here*co#r$ %*-or %-m*$r%'e %3e*ce$ #po* e $%me $$#e$. 8

For#m $opp*3 m% o*+ e$ /ere e e+eme*$ o" litis pendentia %re pre$e* or /ere % &*%+ #-3me* * o*e c%$e /++%mo#* o res judicata * e oer. 9 Litis pendentia %$ % 3ro#*-"or -$m$$*3 % c'+ %co* $ % $#%o* /ere* %*oer %co*$ pe*-*3 be/ee* e $%me p%re$ "or e $%me c%#$e o" %co*,$#c % e $eco*- %co* $ #**ece$$%r %*- 'e%o#$. Tee+eme*$ o" litis pendentia %re %$ "o++o/$ (%) -e* o" p%re$, or

% +e%$ $#c %$ repre$e**3 e $%me *ere$ * bo %co*$C (b)-e* o" r3$ %$$ere- %*- e re+e" pr%e- "or, e re+e" be*3"o#*-e- o* e $%me "%c$C %*- (c) e -e* o" e /o c%$e$$#c % #-3me* * o*e, re3%r-+e$$ o" /c p%r $ $#cce$$"#+,/o#+- %mo#* o res judicata * e oer. 1 From e "ore3o*3, $ c+e%r % $%*$ litis pendentia or res judicata, ere c%* be *o"or#m $opp*3.

+e e &r$ e+eme* o" litis pendentia P -e* o" p%re$ P $pre$e* * bo ?G.R. SB No. 85069 %*- ?G.R. SB No. 87104,o/e'er, e $eco*- e+eme*, -oe$ *o e$. Te peo*er$ * ?G.R. SB No. 85069 pr%e- % e "o++o/*3 Or-er$ be $e %$-e

(1) e Or-er o" *bo* -%e- A#*e 22, 2004$$#e- b e pre$-*3 #-3e o" eRT o" %*+%, !r%*c 24C %*- %T?Dc

(2) e Or-er -%e- A#+ 12, 2004 $$#e- b !r%*c46 $e*3 G+berE$ %pp+c%o* "orpre+m*%r *#*co* "or e%r*3.

I* er peo* * ?G.R. SB No. 87104, re$po*-e*$ pr%e- "ore %**#+me* o" e /r o" pre+m*%r *#*co* $$#e- b eRT, !r%*c 46 %"er e epr%o* o" e TRO $$#e- b e Te*D'$o* o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$. ;'-e*+, $ re+e" $ *o -e*c%+/ e re+e" $o#3 b re$po*-e*$ * ?G.R. SB No. 85069.+e%r+, e $eco*- e+eme* o" litis pendentia P e

https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote6_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote7_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote8_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote9_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote10_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote10_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote6_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote7_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote8_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote9_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote10_0


6/81

-e* o" re+e"$ $o#3 P $ +%c*3 * e /o peo*$ &+e- bre$po*-e*$ / e %ppe++%e co#r. T#$, /e r#+e % *o 3r%'e%b#$e o" -$creo* %mo#**3 o +%c or ece$$ o" #r$-co* m%be %rb#e- o e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (;3 D'$o*) "or 3'*3-#e co#r$e o re$po*-e*$E peo* * ?G.R. SB No. 87104.

O* e second issue, Seco* :, R#+e 58 o" e 1997 R#+e$ o" '+Broce-#re, %$ %me*-e- pro'-e$

S;TION :. Grounds or issuance o preliminary injunction. P ? pre+m*%r *#*co* m% be3r%*e- /e* $ e$%b+$e-

(%) T% e %pp+c%* $ e*+e- o e re+e" -em%*-e-, %*- e /o+e orp%r o" $#c re+e" co*$$$ *re$r%**3 e comm$$o* orco**#%*ce o" e %c or %c$comp+%*e- o", or * re#r*3 eper"orm%*ce o" %* %c or %c$, eer"or % +me- pero- or perpe#%++C

(b) T% e comm$$o*, co**#%*ce, or*o*per"orm%*ce o" e %c or %c$comp+%*e- o" -#r*3 e +3%o*/o#+- prob%b+ /or *#$ce o e%pp+c%*C or

(c) T% % p%r, co#r, %3e*c, or % per$o*$ -o*3, re%e**3, or $%emp*3 o -o, or $ proc#r*3 or$#Her*3 o be -o*e, $ome %c or%c$ prob%b+ * 'o+%o* o" er3$ o" e %pp+c%* re$pec*3 e

$#bec o" e %co* or procee-*3,%*- e*-*3 o re*-er e #-3me**eHec#%+.

For % p%r o be e*+e- o %* *#*c'e /r, e m#$ $o/ %ere e$$ % r3 o be proece- %*- % e %c$ %3%*$ /ce *#*co* $ -rece- %re 'o+%'e o" $ r3. 11 I* 3r%**3e re$po*-e*$E %pp+c%o* "or *#*c'e re+e" %*- m%*3 e*#*co* perm%*e*, e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Se'e* D'$o*)"o#*- % e %'e $o/* er c+e%r %*- e$%b+$e- r3 o e-$p#e- 20,160 $%re$ o" $oc bec%#$e (1) e %'e p$c%+po$$e$$o* o"e /o $oc cer&c%e$ e#'%+e* o e $%-

*#mber o" $%re$C (2) =*co+* o**e*%+ $ % merer#$ee o" e G# "%m+C %*- (:) re$po*-e*$ co*$#e %

m%or o" e bo%r- o" -recor$ o" Norer* I$+%*-$, %*-%ccor-*3+ %'e m%*%3eme* %*- co*ro+ o" e comp%* % e*cepo* o" '+ %$e No. 94109444. Te %ppe++%e co#r e*r#+e- % e r%+ co#r comme- 3r%'e %b#$e o" -$creo* *$$#*3 % /r o" pre+m*%r m%*-%or *#*co* * "%'oro" G#. Te /r %c#%++ re-#ce- e member$p o" Norer* I$+%*-$bo%r- o #$ o*e member P G+ber G#. oreo'er, e "%+e- oe$%b+$ b c+e%r %*- co*'*c*3 e'-e*ce $ o/*er$p o" e

$%re$ o" $oc * #e$o*. Te o#r o" ?ppe%+$ e* e+- ere/%$ %* #r3e* *ece$$ o $$#e %* *#*c'e /r * or-er opre'e* $ero#$ -%m%3e o e r3$ o" re$po*-e*$ %*- Norer*I$+%*-$.

e #$ &*- *o re%$o* o -ep%r "rom e&*-*3$ o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$. I*-ee-, /e c%**o -$cer* %*%* o" 3r%'e %b#$e o" -$creo* o* $ p%r * $$#*3 e %$$%+e-/r o" pre+m*%r *#*co* %*- m%*3 e *#*co*perm%*e*. DLST%

B. G.R. Nos. 17185 ' 17186

I3*%co %*- I3*%co =%/ O@ce$ %*- Sm%r*e, peo*er$, c+%m% e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ *e'er %c#re- #r$-co* o'er erre$pec'e per$o*$ %$ e /ere *o $er'e- / $#mmo*$, eerb e eT or b e %ppe++%e co#r * ?G.R. SB No. 87104. T#$, e $#bm % e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ comme- 3r%'e%b#$e o" -$creo* %mo#**3 o +%c or ece$$ o" #r$-co* /e* *c+#-e- em * e co'er%3e o" $ *#*c'e /r.

A#r$-co* $ e po/er or c%p%c 3'e* b e +%/ o % co#r orrb#*%+ o e*er%*, e%r, %*- -eerm*e cer%*co*ro'er$e$. 12 A#r$-co* o'er e $#bec m%er o" % c%$e $co*"erre- b +%/.

Seco* 9 (1) o" !%%$ B%mb%*$% !+3. 129, 13 %$ %me*-e-,pro'-e$

S;. 9. Jurisdiction. P Te o#r o" ?ppe%+$ $%++eerc$e

(1) Or3*%+ #r$-co* o $$#e /r$ o" mandamus,probo*, certiorari, habeas corpus, %*- quowarranto, %*- %#+%r /r$ or proce$$e$, /eeror *o * %- o" $ %ppe++%e #r$-co*.

https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote11_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote12_0https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/2309https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote13_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote11_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote12_0https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/2309https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4438?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4438&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9913&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Guy+vs+Ca&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote13_0


7/81

R()* 46 o+ * 1997 R()*s o+ %/) 0o*#(*,!s !*"#*#, o/*"s !)) !s*s o"!)) )*# * %o( o+ A*!)s. T* +o))o"o/so"s o+* R()* s!*

S;. 2. To what actions applicable. P T$ R#+e$%++ %pp+ o or3*%+ %co*$ "or certiorari,probo*, mandamus %*- quo warranto.

;cep %$ oer/$e pro'-e-, e %co*$ "or%**#+me* o" #-3me* $%++ be 3o'er*e- b R#+e47, "or certiorari, probo*, %*- mandamus bR#+e 65, %*- "or quo warranto b R#+e 66.

S;. 4. Jurisdiction oer person o respondent! howacquired" P Te co#r $%++ %c#re #r$-co*o'er e per$o* o" e re$po*-e* b e $er'ceo* m o" $ or-er or re$o+#o* *-c%*3 $ *%+%co* o* e peo* or b $ 'o+#*%r$#bm$$o* o $#c #r$-co*.

S;. 5. #ction by the court" $ The court may dismiss the petition outright with specifc reasonsor such dismissal or require the respondent to flea comment on the same within ten %&'( days romnotice" Only pleadings required by the court shallbe allowed" #ll other pleadings and papers may befled only with leae o court"

I $ #$ c+e%r % * c%$e$ co'ere- b R#+e 46,e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ %c#re$ #r$-co* o'er e per$o*$ o" ere$po*-e*$ b e $er'ce #po* em o" $ or-er or re$o+#o*

*-c%*3 $ *%+ %co* o* e peo*$ or b er 'o+#*%r$#bm$$o* o $#c #r$-co*. 14 Te re%$o* "or $ $ %, %$-e"rom e "%c % *o $#mmo*$ or oer coerc'e proce$$ $ $er'e-o* re$po*-e*$, er re$po*$e o e peo*$ /++ -epe*- o* e*%+ %co* o" e co#rereo*. J*-er Seco* 5, e co#r m%-$m$$ e peo*$ o#r3, e*ce, *o re%co* $ epece- "romre$po*-e*$ %*- #*-er e po+c %-ope- b R#+e 46, e %re *o-eeme- o %'e bee* bro#3 /* e co#rE$ #r$-co* #*+%"er $er'ce o* em o" e -$m$$%+ or-er or re$o+#o*. 15

Recor-$ $o/ % o* ?pr+ 27, 2005, peo*er$ * e$e /o"orcb+e e*r c%$e$, /ere $er'e- cope$ o" eRe$o+#o* o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Se'e* D'$o*) -%e- ?pr+26, 2005 * ?G.R. SB No. 87104. 16 Te Re$o+#o* $%e$ S;c?I

Br'%e re$po*-e*$ S:ARTNET 0$ILI00INES,IN%., IGNA%IO ' IGNA%IO LA; O


8/81

%. G.R. No. 17665

Te "#*-%me*%+ $$#e $ /o o/*$ e -$p#e- $%re$ o" $oc *Norer* I$+%*-$.

e rem*- peo*er =*co+* o**e*%+ % /% &+e- /$ o#r $ % peo* "or re'e/ o* certiorari #*-er R#+e 45 o" e1997 R#+e$ o" '+ Broce-#re, %$ %me*-e-. I $ % r#+e * $ #r$-co* % * peo*$ "or re'e/ #*-er R#+e 45, o*+

#e$o*$ or error$ o" +%/ m% be r%$e-. 21 Tere $ %#e$o* o" +%/ /e* e -o#b or co*ro'er$ co*cer*$ e correc%pp+c%o* o" +%/ or #r$pr#-e*ce o % cer%* $e o" "%c$, or /e*e $$#e -oe$ *o c%++ "or %* e%m*%o* o" e prob%'e'%+#e o" e e'-e*ce pre$e*e-. Tere $ % #e$o* o" "%c /e*e -o#b %r$e$ %$ o e r# or "%+$eoo- oH%c$ or /e* ere$ % *ee- o c%+br%e e /o+e e'-e*ce co*$-er*3 m%*+ ecre-b+ o" e /*e$$e$, e e$e*ce %*- re+e'%*c o" $pec&c$#rro#*-*3 crc#m$%*ce$, %$ /e++ %$ er re+%o* o e%c oer%*- o e /o+e, %*- e prob%b+ o" e $#%o*. 22 Ob'o#$+,e $$#e r%$e- b e *$%* peo* "or re'e/ o* certiorari,*'o+'e$ % "%c#%+ m%er, e*ce, $ o#$-e e

-om%* o" $ o#r. Lo/e'er, * e *ere$ o" #$ce %*- *or-er o $e+e $ co*ro'er$ o*ce %*- "or %++, % r#+*3 "rom$ o#r $ mper%'e.

O*e *3 $ c+e%r. I !s *s!=)s*# =*+o* * !) o(,!>*# = * %o( o+ A*!)s, ! L"o)" %o""*"!)*)# * #s(*# s!*s o+so? o+ No*" Is)!"#s **)" (s +o * G( ss*s. I* "%c, e e'-e*ce proHere- b=*co+* o**e*%+ $e+" $#ppor$ $ co*c+#$o*. I be%r$emp%$$ % $ "%c#%+ &*-*3 b e r%+ co#r /%$ %@rme- be o#r o" ?ppe%+$, be*3 $#ppore- b e'-e*ce, %*- $,ere"ore, &*%+ %*- co*c+#$'e #po* $ o#r.

?rc+e 1440 o" e '+ o-e pro'-e$ %

?RT. 1440. ? per$o* /o e$%b+$e$ % r#$ $c%++e- e r#$orC o*e * /om co*&-e*ce $repo$e- %$ re3%r-$ proper "or ebe*e& o" %*oer per$o* $ *o/* %$ e r#$eeC%*- e per$o* "or /o$e be*e& e r#$ %$bee* cre%e- $ re"erre- o %$ e be*e&c%r.

I* e e%r+ c%$e o" Gayondato " Treasurer o the -hilippine)slands, 23 $ o#r -e&*e$ r#$, * $ ec*c%+ $e*$e, %$ %r3 o" proper, re%+ or per$o*%+, e+- b o*e p%r "or ebe*e& o" %*oer. DHere*+ $%e-, % r#$ $ % &-#c%rre+%o*$p / re$pec o proper, $#bec*3 e per$o* o+-*3

e $%me o e ob+3%o* o" -e%+*3 / e proper "or ebe*e& o" %*oer per$o*. 24

!o =*co+* o**e*%+ %*- G+ber c+%m % e +%er o+-$+e3%+ +e o e $%re$ * #e$o*. !# *o# sos ! **s "o */#*"* % e $oc cer&c%e$ repre$e**3 eco*e$e- $%re$ %re * re$po*-e*$E po$$e$$o*. S3*&c%*+,ere $ *o proo" o $#ppor $ %++e3%o* % e r%*$"ero" e$%re$ o" $oc o re$po*-e* $$er$ $ "r%#-#+e*. ?$ %p+ e+- b

e o#r o" ?ppe%+$, "r%#- $ *e'er pre$#me- b# m#$ bee$%b+$e- b c+e%r %*- co*'*c*3 e'-e*ce. 25 G+ber "%+e- o-$c%r3e $ b#r-e*. e %3ree / e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ %re$po*-e* $$er$ o/* e $%re$ o" $oc, G+ber be*3 er merer#$ee. Ver+, /e &*- *o re'er$b+e error * e c%++e*3e-Dec$o* o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Spec%+ Seco*- D'$o*) * ?G.R. V No. 859:7. LD?%c

L;R;FOR;, /e DISISS e peo*$ * G.R. No$. 165849,170185, 170186 %*- 176650C %*- D;N e peo*$ * G.R. No$.171066 %*- 176650. TeRe$o+#o*$ o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (;3 D'$o*), -%e- Ocober

28, 2004 %*- No'ember 4, 2004, %$ /e++ %$ e Dec$o* -%e-Ocober 10, 2005 o" eo#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Se'e* D'$o*) * ?G.R. SB No. 87104 %re ?FFIR;D. e +e/$e ?FFIR )/ TOTO eDec$o* o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ (Spec%+ Seco*- D'$o*), -%e-No'ember 27, 2006 * ?G.R. V No. 859:7. o$$ %3%*$peo*er$.

SO ORD;R;D.

-uno! C"J"! 0nares12antiago! @ Corona %*- #3cuna! JJ"! co*c#r.

%Guy " Court o #ppeals! G"4" /o" &56789! &:'&76! &:'&75!&:&'55! &:556'! ;


9/81

Jose M" 4esus "or peo*er.

Manuelito C"


10/81

5. ID.C ID.C TR?NS?TION !;T;;N TL; B?RTI;S ?SNOT ON; OF ? =O?N !JT OF ? S?=; ON INST?==;NT IN ?S;?T !?R. P T% peo*er, pror o e eec#o* o" emp#3*e- Dee-, $3*e- recep$ -e*c%++ -e*om*%e- %$Aasunduan #*-er /c e %c*o/+e-3e- rece'*3$#m$ o"mo*e %$ payment "or $ proper, /c receipts wereworded in the ernacular %*- co#+- *o %'e bee* m$%e* orm$#*-er$oo- "or %**3 e+$e oer %* %$ e'-e*ce o" e

$%+e o" $ proper, $e%+$ e c%$e %3%*$ m. I co*&rm$$ o#rE$ e%r+er ob$er'%o* % e r%*$%co* *-c%e-/%$ o*e o" $%+e o* *$%++me*. ?--o*%++, peo*er %@e-$ $3*%#re o* e Dee- %"er $ co*e*$ /ere $#@ce*+ep+%*e- o m * e 'er*%c#+%r, /c /%$ /*e$$e- b /ooer per$o*$ o" +e3%+ %3e %*- -#+ %c*o/+e-3e- be"ore %*o%r p#b+c. Iro*c%++, peo*erE$ o/* /*e$$,Nemecoo+*%, /o /%$ +e/$e % /*e$$ o eeec#o* o" e Dee-, be+e- $ c+%m o" %'*3 *o*o/+e-3e o" e co*e*$ o" e $#bec *$r#me* /e* eoo e /*e$$ $%*- . . . . ?*oer /*e$$ o e -oc#me*,?. ;-/*% e*-o


11/81

co*'ee- #*o e %bo'e *%me- Ve*-ee, er ($c)er$ %*- %$$3*$ e (14) $#%re meer$ ($c)poro* o" e %bo'e -e$crbe- p%rce+ o" +%*-, "ree"rom %++ *-$ o" +e*$ %*- e*c#mbr%*ce$/%$oe'er. (I%+c$ $#pp+e-).

TT No. T170585 7 * e *%me o" re$po*-e* $po#$e$ co'er*3

peo*erE$ $%re * e coo/*e- proper /%$ %ccor-*3+ $$#e-.O* Sepember 5, 1990, peo*er &+e- %* %co* "orre"orm%o* o" *$r#me* %*-or %**#+me* o" -oc#me* %*- +e/ reco*'e%*ce %*- -%m%3e$ be"ore e Re3o*%+ Tr%+ o#r o" %'e, %++e3*3 % e Dee- o" ?b$o+#e S%+e *"%'or o" re$po*-e* $po#$e$ -oe$ *o epre$$ e r#e /++ %*-*e*o*o" e p%re$.

Re$po*-e* $po#$e$ m%*%*e- % er%c#$o* o" peo*erE$ $%re /%$ '%+-, +e3%+ %*- b*-*3. 8

?"er r%+, &*-*3 "or peo*er, e r%+ co#r or-ere- e

%**#+me* o" e Dee- o" ?b$o+#e S%+e, -$po$*3 %$ "o++o/$

ere"ore, $ o#r &*-$ mer * p+%*HE$comp+%* %*- ereb or-er$

1. Te %**#+me* o" e co*r%c, ?b$o+#eDee- o" S%+e -%e- A#*e 1:, 1988 %mo*3 %*-be/ee* e p+%*H %*- e -e"e*-%*$ /c $*#++ %*- 'o-C

2. Te c%*ce++%o* o" TT No. 170585 o" eRe3$er o" Dee-$ o" %'e Bro'*ce % Trece%rre$ C %*-

:. Te -e"e*-%*$ o p% p+%*H re%$o*%b+e%or*eE$ "ee$ o" B5,000.00.

B+#$ co$$ o" $#.

SO ORD;R;D. 9

Jpo* reco#r$e o e o#r o" ?ppe%+$, e r%+ co#rE$ -ec$o* /%$re'er$e- %*- e comp+%* o" peo*er /%$ -$m$$e-, e*ce epre$e* peo* %*core- o* e "o++o/*3 %$$3*e- error$

I. R;SBOND;NT OJRT OF ?BB;?=S OITT;DR;V;RSI!=; ;RROR IN NOT LO=DING TL?T

TL; D;;D OF S?=; DO (sic) NOT ;UBR;SS TL; TRJ; INT;NT ?ND ?GR;;;NT OF TL;B?RTI;SC

II. R;SBOND;NT OJRT OF ?BB;?=S OITT;DR;V;RSI!=; ;RROR IN NOT FINDING TL; TR?NS?TION TO !; ?N ;KJIT?!=;ORTG?G; ?ND NOT ? D;;D OF S?=; ?ND TL;R;FOR; TR?NS;NDS TL; ORR;T

?BB=I?TION OF ?RT. 1602 OF TL; IVI=OD;C

III. R;SBOND;NT OJRT OF ?BB;?=S OITT;DR;V;RSI!=; ;RROR IN NOT LO=DING TL?T TL; ?==;G;D S?=; ?S NOT ?ONSJ?T;D ($c) ONTR?T OF S?=;C

IV. R;SBOND;NT OJRT OF ?BB;?=S OITT;DR;V;RSI!=; ;RROR IN NOT FINDING TL?T TL; B;TITION;R ?S D;FR?JD;D !F;=IS? O=IN? IN SIGNING TL; SIJ=?T;D

?ND FITITIOJS D;;D OF S?=;. 1Beo*er co*e*-$ % e $3*e- e Dee- o" ?b$o+#e S%+ero#3 e m$repre$e*%o*$ o" $ $$er Fe+$% /o m%-e mbe+e'e % /% e /%$ $3**3 /%$ o*+ % recep e'-e*c*3 $*-ebe-*e$$ o er 11 /c, b $ o/* %-m$$o*, e %-*c#rre- o* $e'er%+ occ%$o*$C % Fe+$% oo %-'%*%3e o" $+%c o" $#@ce* e-#c%o* %*- *o/+e-3e o" ;*3+$ o -e"r%#-m *o $e++*3 $ properC %*- % p%ro+ e'-e*ce $o#+- be%-me- o pro'e e re%+ *%#re o" e r%*$%co* /c ec+%m$ /%$ o*e o" %* e#%b+e mor3%3e.

Beo*er c%++$ %e*o* o e co*$-er%o* 3'e* "or $ proper,

B8,000.00, /c e c+%m$ $ *%-e#%e, %*- o $ re3#+%rrecep o" re*%+$ be*3 p%- b e +e$$ee o" e prem$e$, o*e;r+*-% -e G#


12/81

(:) e* #po* or %"er e epr%o* o" e r3 orep#rc%$e %*oer *$r#me* ee*-*3 epero- o" re-empo* or 3r%**3 % *e/ pero- $eec#e-C

(4) e* e p#rc%$er re%*$ "or m$e+" %p%r o" e p#rc%$e prceC

(5) e* e 'e*-or b*-$ m$e+" o p% e %e$

o* e *3 $o+-C%5( )n any other case where it may be airly inerredthat the real intention o the parties is that thetransaction shall secure the payment o a debt or the perormance o any other obligation"

I* %* o" e "ore3o*3 c%$e$, %* mo*e, "r#$, oroer be*e& o be rece'e- b e 'e*-ee %$ re*or oer/$e $%++ be co*$-ere- %$ *ere$ /c$%++ be $#bec o #$#r +%/$ (;mp%$$ $#pp+e-).

?r. 1604. Te pro'$o*$ o" ?rc+e 1602 $%++ %+$o

%pp+ o % co*r%c p#rpor*3 o be %* %b$o+#e$%+e.

I* $$#e e* $ /eer e p%re$ *e*-e- e Dee- o" ?b$o+#eS%+e * "%'or o" re$po*-e* o be %* e#%b+e mor3%3e.

?* e#%b+e mor3%3e $ -e&*e- %$ o*e /c, %+o#3 +%c*3 *$ome "orm%+, or "orm or /or-$, or oer re#$e$ -em%*-e- b% $%#e, *e'ere+e$$ reeals the "*"o" o the parties tocharge real property as security or a debt! %*- co*%*$ *o*3mpo$$b+e or co*r%r o +%/. 12

Te *e*o* o" e p%re$ o %* %3reeme* $ $o/* *o

*ece$$%r+ b e erm*o+o3 #$e- ere* b# b %++ e$#rro#*-*3 crc#m$%*ce$, $#c %$ e re+%'e $#%o* o" ep%re$ % e me, e %#-e, %c$, co*-#c, -ec+%r%o*$ o" ep%re$, e *e3o%o*$ be/ee* em +e%-*3 o e -ee-, %*-3e*er%++, %++ per*e* "%c$ %'*3 % e*-e*c o & %*--eerm*e e re%+ *%#re o" er -e$3* %*- #*-er$%*-*3. 13

For e pre$#mpo* o" %* e#%b+e mor3%3e o %r$e #*-er ?r.1602, /o (2) re#$e$ m#$ co*c#r (%) % e p%re$ e*ere-*o % co*r%c -e*om*%e- %$ % co*r%c o" $%+e, %*- (b) % er*e*o* /%$ o $ec#re %* e$*3 -eb b /% o" % mor3%3e. 14

I* e c%$e % b%r, e $eco*- re#$e $ co*$pc#o#$+ %b$e*.

o*$-er e "o++o/*3 e$mo* o" peo*er m$e+"

K I* co**eco* / % $$#e, -o o#remember how much you owed your sister

? e$, o#r Lo*or.

K Lo/ m#c

? Ten thousand %-&'!'''"''( pesos! o#r Lo*or.

K Do o# %'e %* cop o" % %3reeme* o" o#r

+o%*

? No*e, $r.

K ?ow did you receie that amount o moneyD

? =+e b ++e, $r. Month by month (buwanbuwan), $r.

K #nd how long did you receie that amount o ten thousand %-&'!'''"''( pesosD

? Ten months. ,ery month! ) was allowed toreceied sic -&!'''"''.

EF 0ou did not put up any collateral to your loanD


13/81

e*re p#rc%$e prce /%$ *o p%-. 18 ?$$#m*3 % o be $o%+be, b e Dee- * #e$o* peo*er ac.nowledgedreceipt o the -7!'''"'' purchase price! -oe$ *o b $e+" b%r er%*$"er o" e o/*er$p or po$$e$$o* o" e proper, m#c +e$$-$$o+'e e co*r%c o" $%+e. 19 Te co*r%c rem%*$ b# ep%me* o" e prce $ % re$o+#or co*-o*, %*- ereme- o" e $e++er $ o e%c "#+&++me* or, * c%$e o" %$#b$%*%+ bre%c, o re$c*- e co*r%c #*-er ?rc+e 1191 o" e'+ o-e 2 /c pro'-e$

?r. 1191. Te po/er o re$c*- ob+3%o*$ $mp+e- * recproc%+ o*e$, * c%$e o*e o" eob+3or$ $o#+- *o comp+ / /% $ *c#mbe*#po* m.

Te *#re- p%r m% coo$e be/ee* e"#+&++me* %*- e re$c$$o* o" e ob+3%o*, /e p%me* o" -%m%3e$ * eer c%$e. Le m%%+$o $ee re$c$$o*, e'e* %"er e %$ co$e*"#+&++me*, " e +%er $o#+- become mpo$$b+e.

Te co#r $%++ -ecree e re$c$$o* c+%me-,#*+e$$ ere be #$ c%#$e %#or


14/81

I* &*e, $ o#r &*-$ % e p%re$ o e Dee- /ere "#++%/%re o" $ co*e*$ %*- me%**3, %*- % ere /ere *o %c$-o*e or e'e*$ % occ#rre- pror o, $m#+%*eo#$ o, or %"er eeec#o* o" e Dee- % /o#+- *-c%e e*e*o* o" %* o" e p%re$ o %'e bee* oer/$e %* o $e++e proper o re$po*-e* $po#$e$.

L;R;FOR;, e Beo* $ ereb D;NI;D. TeDec$o* o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ * ?G.R. V No. 46107 -%e-?pr+ :0, 1996 $ ereb ?FFIR;D.

SO ORD;R;D.

-uno! -anganiban %*- 2andoal1Gutierre3! JJ", co*c#r.

Corona! J", $ o* +e%'e.

%Molina " Court o #ppeals! G"4" /o" &=6:66! ;+ebruary =8!=''H>! 885 -?)L &HH1&86(

S;OND DIVISION

[G.R. No. 146267. Febr#%r 17, 200:.]

NY INTERNATIONAL NIT;EAR%OR0ORATION 0$ILI00INES !"#o %AT$Y NG, petitioners, vs. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONSCOMMISSION and VIRGINIA M.

PUBLICO, respondents.

,uemio Law OIces "or peo*er$.

Carlo #"


15/81

the rejection o such anne@es and the dismissal o the case"2ubsequent compliance shall not warrant any reconsiderationunless the court is ully satisfed that the non1compliance was not in any way attributable to the party! despite due diligence on his part! and that there are highly justifable and compelling reasonsor the court to ma.e such other disposition as it may deem just and equitable. Beo*er$ %re ereb rem*-e- % e r3 o &+e% $pec%+ c'+ %co* o" certiorari $ *eer % *%#r%+ r3 *or % p%ro" -#e proce$$. ? /r o" certiorari $ % prero3%'e /r, *e'er-em%*-%b+e %$ % m%er o" r3, *e'er $$#e- ecep * eeerc$e o" #-c%+ -$creo*. Le*ce, e /o $ee$ % /ro" certiorari m#$ %pp+ "or o*+ * e m%**er %*- $rc+ *%ccor-%*ce / e pro'$o*$ o" e +%/ %*- e R#+e$.

2. ID.C ;VID;N;C FINDINGS OF TL; N=R, R;SB;T;D. PBeo*er$ r%$e "%c#%+ #e$o*$ /c %re mproper * % peo*"or re'e/ o* certiorari. F*-*3$ o" "%c$ o" e N=R, p%rc#+%r+ *% c%$e /ere e N=R %*- e =%bor ?rber %re * %3reeme*, %re-eeme- b*-*3 %*- co*c+#$'e #po* $ o#r. !o bo-e$ be*3-eeme- o %'e %c#re- eper$e * m%er$ /* er #r$-co*$, /e* $#@ce*+ $#ppore- b e'-e*ce o* recor-,

%re %ccor-e- re$pec " *o &*%+, %*- %re co*$-ere- b*-*3 o*$ o#r. ?$ +o*3 %$ er -ec$o*$ %re -e'o- o" %* #*"%r*e$$ or%rbr%r*e$$ * e proce$$ o" er -e-#co* "rom e e'-e*ceproHere- b e p%re$, %++ % $ +e" $ "or e o#r o $%mp $%@rm%o* %*- -ec+%re $ &*%+.

:. =?!OR =? ?ND SOI?= =;GIS=?TIONC T;RIN?TION OF;B=O;NTC I==;G?= DISISS?=C SO=ID?R =I?!I=IT OFORBOR?TION ?ND ITS OFFI;RS. P ?*e* peo*er$E %$$ero*% e c%**o be $o+-%r+ +%b+e * $ c%$e %$ ere /%$ *om%+ce or b%- "% o* er p%r %$ *o +e3 o $%*- o*. % eo#r &*-$ apropos $ o#r -$#$o* * #"C" 4ansom Labor nion1

CCL " /L4C! which held that since a corporation is an artifcial person! it must hae an oIcer who can be presumed to be theemployer! being the person acting in the interest o the employer")n other words the corporation! in the technical sense only! is theemployer" )n a subsequent case! we ordered the corporate oIcerso the employer corporation to pay jointly and solidarily the priaterespondentsK monetary award" More recently! a corporation and its president were directed by this Court to jointly and seerally reinstate the illegally dismissed employees to their ormer positionsand to pay the monetary awards" )n this case Cathy /g! admittedly!is the manager o /0A" Conormably with our ruling in #" C"4ansom, $e "%++$ /* e me%**3 o" %* emp+oer %$

co*emp+%e- b e =%bor o-e, /o m% be e+- o*+ %*-$e'er%++ +%b+e "or e ob+3%o*$ o" e corpor%o* o $

-$m$$e- emp+oee$. B#r$#%* o pre'%+*3 #r$pr#-e*ce, %N3, * er c%p%c %$ m%*%3er %*- re$po*$b+e o@cer o" NW,c%**o be eo*er%e- "rom er o* %*- $e'er%+ +%b+ * ep%me* o" mo*e%r %/%r- o pr'%e re$po*-e*. T;LI%?

D E % I S I O N

CUISU:BING, J p

I* $ peo* "or re'e/, peo*er$ NW I*er*%o*%+ W*/e%rorpor%o* B+pp*e$ (e*ce"or NW, "or bre') %*- $m%*%3er, % N3, %$$%+ e re$o+#o* 1 -%e- Sepember 15,2000 o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ * ?G.R. SB No. 60542, /c-$m$$e- er peo* "or certiorari "or *o*comp+%*ce /Seco* 1, R#+e 65 o" e 1997 R#+e$ o" '+ Broce-#re. ?+$o%$$%+e- $ e %ppe++%e co#rE$ re$o+#o* 2 o" December 5, 2000,/c -e*e- e moo* "or reco*$-er%o*.

Te "%c$, %$ 3+e%*e- "rom e &*-*3$ o" e =%bor ?rber %$%@rme- b e N%o*%+ =%bor Re+%o*$ omm$$o* (N=R), $o/%

O* Febr#%r 8, 1995, ere* peo*er NW re- re$po*-e*Vr3*% B#b+co %$ % $e/er. J*-er e erm$ %*- co*-o*$ o" eremp+ome*, B#b+co /%$ p%- o* % pecer%e b%$$, b# re#re- o/or "rom 800 ?.. o 1200 m-*3. O* e %'er%3e, $e e%r*e-B185.00 -%+.

? %bo# 1000 B.. o" % 7, 1997, B#b+co re#e$e- % $e be%++o/e- o +e%'e e /or p+%ce e%r+, %$ $e /%$ *o "ee+*3 /e++

-#e o % bo# o" *Q#e*


16/81

O*ce *$-e e "%cor, B#b+co re#e$e- o $ee e o/*er, o*eSepe* N3. Ler re#e$ /%$ -ec+*e-. Se /%$ *$e%- %$e- ocome b%c e "o++o/*3 -%.

O* % 10, 1997, B#b+co re#r*e- o NW %$ *$r#ce-. ?"er/%*3 "or ree %*- %+" (: 12) o#r$, $e /%$ &*%++ %b+e o $eeSepe* N3. e* $e *#re- / $e /%$ b%rre- "rom repor*3"or /or, r. N3 o+- er $e /%$ -$m$$e- -#e o er re"#$%+ ore*-er o'erme $er'ce.

?33re'e-, pr'%e re$po*-e* &+e- % comp+%* "or ++e3%+ -$m$$%+%3%*$ peo*er corpor%o* %*- $ m%*%3er, peo*er % N3,-ocee- %$ N=RNR %$e No. 00060:92597.

!e"ore e =%bor ?rber, peo*er$ pre-c%b+ %- % -Here*'er$o* o" e $or. ?++e3e-+, e oo e p%*$ o 'er" /B#b+co -- *o repor "or /or o* % 7, 1997 %*- "o#*- o# %er #$b%*- -- *o %++o/ er o /or % *3. ?$ *3 /or $ %m#$ * er +*e o" b#$*e$$, p%rc#+%r+ /e* ere %re r#$or-er$, peo*er$ c+%me- % 3'e* B#b+coE$ "%+#re o re*-ero'erme /or, e /ere +e" / *o oer reco#r$e b# o &reer. cSI?D

O* %rc 19, 1998, e =%bor ?rber e+- B#b+coE$ -$m$$%+ o be++e3%+, -$po$*3 %$ "o++o/$

L;R;FOR;, e re$po*-e*$ %re ereb or-ere-o re*$%e e comp+%*%* o er "ormer po$o*/ "#++ b%c/%3e$ "rom e -%e er $%+%r /%$/e+- #*+ $e $ %c#%++ re*$%e-, /c%mo#*e- o B50,168.:0 . . . Te re$po*-e*$ %re,+e/$e, %$$e$$e- e $#m o" B5,016.8:repre$e**3 10> o" e %mo#* %/%r-e- %$%or*eE$ "ee$. Te re$ o" e c+%m$ %re

-$m$$e- "or +%c o" mer.SO ORD;R;D. 3

O* %ppe%+, e N=R, * % re$o+#o* 4 -%e- % 17, 2000,%@rme- e -ec$o* o" e =%bor ?rber in toto.

I* -#e me, peo*er$ mp#3*e- e N=R -ec$o* b /% o" %$pec%+ c'+ %co* o" certiorari &+e- be"ore e o#r o" ?ppe%+$,-ocee- %$ ?G.R. SB No. 60542. Beo*er$ %$crbe- 3r%'e%b#$e o" -$creo* %mo#**3 o +%c or ece$$ o" #r$-co* op#b+c re$po*-e* N=R "or %@rm*3 e r#+*3 o" e=%bor ?rber.

I* $ re$o+#o* o" Sepember 15, 2000, e %ppe++%e co#r-$m$$e- e peo* o#r3. Te o#r o" ?ppe%+$ po*e- o#% ere /%$ *o*comp+%*ce / Seco* 1 o" R#+e 65 o" e1997 R#+e$ o" '+ Broce-#re %$ e peo* /%$ mere+%ccomp%*e- b % cer&e- ero cop o" e%$$%+e- N=R -ec$o*, *$e%- o" % cer&e- r#e cop ereo" %$re#re- b e R#+e$ o" o#r. 5 F#rermore, peo*er$ "%+e- o%%c e oer p+e%-*3$ %*- -oc#me*$ per*e* %*- m%er%+o er peo*, $#c %$ e p%re$E po$o* p%per$, er e'-e*ce%*- e moo* "or reco*$-er%o* * co*r%'e*o* o" e $%-r#+e. 6

Beo*er$ -#+ mo'e- "or reco*$-er%o*, ep+%**3 % e %-re#e$e- "or % cer&e- r#e cop o" e N=RE$ -ec$o* b# $*cee or3*%+ N=R-ec$o* /%$ pr*e- o* o*o*$* /%$ *o +e3b+e,e N=R $e+" poocope- e re$o+#o* %*- cer&e- %"er/%r-$. ?$ proo" o" p%me* o" peo*er$E re#e$ "or %cer&e- r#e cop o" e N=R -ec$o*, peo*er$ %%ce- %cop o" e o@c%+ recep$ $$#e- b e N=R, /c -e$crbe-e *%#re o" e e*r %$ ;RT. TRJ; OB. 7 Beo*er$,+e/$e, %ppe*-e- * er moo* cope$ o" per*e* p+e%-*3$

%*- -oc#me*$ *o pre'o#$+ %%ce- * er peo*. cS%?T

O* December 5, 2000, e %ppe++%e co#r -e*e- peo*er$Emoo* "or reco*$-er%o*. 8

Le*ce $ peo* "or re'e/.

!e"ore #$, peo*er$ $#bm e "o++o/*3 $$#e$ "or o#r re$o+#o*

I

L;TL;R OR NOT TL; OJRT OF ?BB;?=SSLOJ=D L?V; GIV;N DJ; OJRS; TO TL;B;TITION FOR C,4T)O4#4).

II

L;TL;R OR NOT TL;R; ;UISTS ;VID;N; ONR;ORD TO ?RR?NT TL; RJ=ING TL?TOB=?IN?NT ?S I==;G?== DISISS;D, ?NDORO==?R TL;R;TO, L;TL;R OR NOT TL;R; IS=;G?= AJSTIFI?TION TO ??RD !?W?G;S ?NDORD;R R;INST?T;;NT.

III

L;TL;R OR NOT TL;R; ?S GR?V; ?!JS; OF

DISR;TION ON TL; B?RT OF TL; BJ!=I

https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote4_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote5_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote5_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote6_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote7_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote8_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote4_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote5_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote6_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote7_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote8_0


17/81

R;SBOND;NT N=R SO ?S TO AJSTIF ? R;V;RS?=OF ITS R;SO=JTIONS D?T;D ? 17, 2000 ?ND AJN; :0, 2000. 9

O*+ /o $$#e$ *eere$o+#o*, o*e %'*3 o -o / %-ec'e+%/ %*- e oer / $#b$%*%+ +%/, *%me+

(1) D- e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ comm % re'er$b+e error * -$m$$*3?G.R. SB No. 60542 o* p#re+ ec*c%+ 3ro#*-$, i"e"! % e

%%ce- cop o" eN=R -ec$o* $ % mere poocop o" eor3*%+ -ec$o*C %*-

(2) D- e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ err * re"#$*3 o r#+e o* ecorrec*e$$ o" e N=RE$ &*-*3$ % pr'%e re$po*-e* /%$++e3%++ -$m$$e-

O* e frst issue, peo*er$, co*e*- % e %'e $#b$%*%++comp+e- / e re#reme*$ o" Seco* 1, R#+e 65, e*ce, * e*ere$$ o" #$ce %*- e#, e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ $o#+- %'e3'e* -#e co#r$e o er $pec%+ c'+ %co* "or certiorari.

Br'%e re$po*-e*, o* e oer %*-, m%*%*$ % peo*er$E

/%*o* -$re3%r- o" e R#+e /%rr%* e o#r3 -$m$$%+ o" erpeo*. Se %--$ % e pre$e* peo* r%$e$ "%c#%+ $$#e$% e o#r c%**o p%$$ #po* % e &r$ *$%*ce.

Seco* 1 o" R#+e 65, 1 1997 R#+e$ o" '+ Broce-#re, re#re$ %e peo* $%++ be %ccomp%*e- b % cer&e- r#e cop o" e #-3me* or or-er $#bec ereo", o3eer / cope$ o" %++p+e%-*3$ %*- -oc#me*$ re+e'%* %*- per*e* ereo. Teprec#r$or o" e Re'$e- R#+e$ o" '+ Broce-#re,?-m*$r%'erc#+%r No. :96, /c oo eHec o* A#*e 1, 1996, *$r#c$ #$/% % cer&e- r#e cop $

1. . . . T! "#!$%&'!d %$! #*+" %!$! sa--

! s# %!$ #*+ $n&s!d % a *a$%+ a% &s&ns%an#! $ &n &s !a-, d-+ a%!n%a%!d + %! a%$&/!d 0#!$s $ $!*$!s!n%a%&v!s %! &ss&n1 !n%&%+ as !$!&n!$!s*!#&'!d.

:. T* **# (* o (s +(* o) !)) * *()!o"s **+o o+ *ss(" *" !"# s * !(*"!*#o"!) o+ s( **# (* o, !"# "o !** *o o **o+, s!)) =*

()*# !s !" !""* o * *o" o o*"!o )*!#".(;mp%$$ $#pp+e-.)

?pp+*3 e prece-*3 3#-epo$ * e pre$e* c%$e, e -$p#e--oc#me* %+o#3 $%mpe- %$ cer&e- r#e cop $ *o %*%#e*c%e- original o" $#c cer&e- r#e cop, b# o*+% @ero@ cop ereo", * co*r%'e*o* o" p%r%3r%p : o" e %bo'e

#oe- 3#-e+*e$. Le*ce, *o error m% be %$crbe- o e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ * -$m$$*3 e peo* "or certiorari o#r3 p#r$#%* op%r%3r%p 5 o" ?-m*$r%'e rc#+%r No. :96, /c pro'-e$

5. I $%++ be e -# %*- re$po*$b+ o" e p%r#$*3 e -oc#me*$ re#re- b B%r%3r%p (:) o" rc#+%r No. 188 o 'er" %*- e*$#re comp+%*ce/ %++ e re#reme*$ ere"or %$ -e%+e- * eprece-*3 p%r%3r%p$. Fa&-$! % d s sa-- $!s-% &n %! $!2!#%&n s# ann!3!s and %! d&s4&ssa- %! #as!. Ss!5!n% #4*-&an#! sa-- n% 6a$$an% an+ $!#ns&d!$a%&n n-!ss %! #$% &s --+ sa%&s'!d %a% %! nn7#4*-&an#! 6as n% &nan+ 6a+ a%%$&%a-! % %! *a$%+, d!s*&%!d! d&-&1!n#! n &s *a$%, and %a% %!$! a$!&1-+ 2s%&'a-! and #4*!--&n1 $!asns $ %! #$% % 4a! s# %!$ d&s*s&%&n as &% 4a+ d!!4 2s% and !5&%a-!. (;mp%$$$#pp+e-.)

Te member$ o" $ o#r %re *o #*m*-"#+ % * ecepo*%+c%$e$ %*- "or compe++*3 re%$o*$, /e %'e -$re3%r-e- $m+%rproce-#r%+ -e"ec$ * or-er o correc % p%e* *#$ce m%-e.Lo/e'er, peo*er$ ere %'e *o $o/* %* compe++*3 re%$o*

"or #$ o re+% e r#+e. Beo*er$ %re ereb rem*-e- % er3 o &+e % $pec%+ c'+ %co* o" certiorari $ *eer % *%#r%+r3 *or % p%r o" -#e proce$$. ? /r o" certiorari $ % prero3%'e/r, *e'er -em%*-%b+e %$ % m%er o" r3, *e'er $$#e- ecep *e eerc$e o" #-c%+ -$creo*. 11 Le*ce, e /o $ee$ % /ro" certiorari m#$ %pp+ "or o*+ * e m%**er %*- $rc+ *%ccor-%*ce / e pro'$o*$ o" e +%/ %*- e R#+e$. c?D;I%

To %'o- "#rer -e+% * re$o+'*3 e pre$e* co*ro'er$, /e *o/come o e second issue. Beo*er$ co*e*- % pr'%ere$po*-e*E$ re"#$%+ o re*-er *3 /or $ %*%mo#* o%b%*-o*me* o" -#e$ /c co*$#e$ % #$ 3ro#*- "or

erm*%o* o" $er'ce. Te %'er % e =%bor ?rber 3r%'e+erre- * %/%r-*3 b%c/%3e$ o pr'%e re$po*-e*, %$ ere /%$

https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote9_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote10_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote10_0https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/573https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/573https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/573https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/573https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote11_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote9_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote10_0https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/573https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/573https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/573https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/7984?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=7984&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=NYK+International+vs+NLRC&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote11_0


18/81

*o ++e3%+ -$m$$%+. Beo*er$ %++e3e % m%*%3eme* -- *oerm*%e er $er'ce$, b# * "%c %$e- er o re#r* o /or-#r*3 e pre+m*%r co*"ere*ce$. Le*ce, /o#+- be e e3o" *#$ce o %/%r- b%c/%3e$ "or /or, /c /%$ *e'erre*-ere- ro#3 pr'%e re$po*-e*E$ o/* coce. Beo*er$ %--% e c%**o be e+- $o+-%r+ +%b+e * $ c%$e %$ ere /%$*eer m%+ce *or b%- "%.

Beo*er$E %r3#me*$ "%+ o per$#%-e #$. Beo*er$ r%$e "%c#%+

#e$o*$ /c %re mproper * % peo* "or re'e/ o* certiorari.F*-*3$ o" "%c$ o" eN=R, p%rc#+%r+ * % c%$e /eree N=R %*- e =%bor ?rber %re * %3reeme*, %re -eeme-b*-*3 %*- co*c+#$'e #po* $ o#r. 12

Le*ce, peo*er$E b%re %++e3%o*$ o" %b%*-o*me* c%**o $%*-e #*$/er'*3 co*c+#$o* b bo #%$#-c%+ %3e*ce$ be+o/% pr'%e re$po*-e* /%$ #*+%/"#++ -$m$$e-. e &*- *ore%$o* o -e'%e "rom e co*$$e* &*-*3$ o" e =%bor ?rber%*- e N=R % ere /%$ *o b%$$ o &*- % Vr3*%%b%*-o*e- er /or. I*-ee-, "%c#%+ &*-*3$ o" e N=R %@rm*3o$e o" e =%bor ?rber, bo bo-e$ be*3 -eeme- o %'e

%c#re- eper$e * m%er$ /* er #r$-co*$, /e*$#@ce*+ $#ppore- b e'-e*ce o* recor-, %re %ccor-e- re$pec" *o &*%+, %*- %re co*$-ere- b*-*3 o* $ o#r. 13 ?$ +o*3%$ er -ec$o*$ %re -e'o- o" %* #*"%r*e$$ or %rbr%r*e$$ *e proce$$ o" er -e-#co* "rom e e'-e*ce proHere- b ep%re$, %++ % $ +e" $ "or e o#r o $%mp $ %@rm%o* %*--ec+%re $ &*%+. No re'er$b+e error m% #$ be +%- % e -ooro" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ /e* re"#$e- o r#+e %e N=R comme- % 3r%'e %b#$e o" -$creo* %mo#**3 o /%*or ece$$ o" #r$-co* * o+-*3 % pr'%e re$po*-e* /%$++e3%++ -$m$$e-.

?*e* peo*er$E %$$ero* % e c%**o be $o+-%r+ +%b+e *$ c%$e %$ ere /%$ *o m%+ce or b%- "% o* er p%r %$ *o+e3 o $%*- o*. % e o#r &*-$ apropos $ o#r -$#$o** #"C" 4ansom Labor nion1CCL " /L4C! 9: /c e+- %$*ce % corpor%o* $ %* %r&c%+ per$o*, m#$ %'e %* o@cer/o c%* be pre$#me- o be e emp+oer, be*3 e per$o* %c*3* e *ere$ o" e emp+oer. I* oer /or-$ e corpor%o*, *e ec*c%+ $e*$e o*+, $ e emp+oer. I* % $#b$e#e* c%$e, /eor-ere- e corpor%e o@cer$ o" e emp+oer corpor%o* o p% o*+ %*- $o+-%r+ e pr'%e re$po*-e*$E mo*e%r%/%r-. 15 ore rece*+, % corpor%o* %*- $ pre$-e* /ere-rece- b $ o#r o o*+ %*- $e'er%++ re*$%e e ++e3%++

-$m$$e- emp+oee$ o er "ormer po$o*$ %*- o p% emo*e%r %/%r-$. 16

I* $ c%$e % N3, %-me-+, $ e m%*%3er o" NW.o*"orm%b+ / o#r r#+*3 * #" C" 4ansom, $e "%++$ /* eme%**3 o" %* emp+oer %$ co*emp+%e- be =%bor o-e, 17 /o m% be e+- o*+ %*- $e'er%++ +%b+e "ore ob+3%o*$ o" e corpor%o* o $ -$m$$e- emp+oee$.B#r$#%* o pre'%+*3 #r$pr#-e*ce, % N3, * er c%p%c %$m%*%3er %*- re$po*$b+e o@cer o" NW, c%**o be eo*er%e- "romer o* %*- $e'er%+ +%b+ * e p%me* o" mo*e%r %/%r- opr'%e re$po*-e*.

L;R;FOR;, e *$%* peo* $ D;NI;D. Te %$$%+e-re$o+#o*$ o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ -%e- Sepember 15, 2000 %*-December 5, 2000, %re ereb ?FFIR;D. o$$ %3%*$ peo*er$.

SO ORD;R;D.

ellosillo! Mendo3a! #ustria1Martine3 %*- Callejo! 2r"! JJ"! co*c#r.

TLIRD DIVISION

[G.R. No. 14::77. Febr#%r 20, 2001.]

S$I0SIDE IN%OR0ORATED, petitioner , vs. THEHON. COURT OF APPEALS ;S*!#&a- F$4!$ T6!-% D&v&s&n (San F!$nand C&%+,La Un&n) ? T! REPUBLIC OF THE

PHILIPPINES, respondents.

Laogan ae3a Llantino Law OIces "or peo*er.

2olicitor General "or re$po*-e*$.

SYNO0SIS

=o$ No. 1 %*- 4, co'ere- b Or3*%+ er&c%e o" T+e No. 0:81* e *%me o" R%"%e+ G%+'e


19/81

?#3#$ 16, 1960, %m%r+, e %+. $o+- e $%me +o$ o =ep%*oo*$o+-%e- **3 omp%* %*- e +%er * #r* co*'ee- eproper o Sp$-e I*corpor%e-, ere* peo*er, o* Ocober 28,196:, re$#+*3 * e $$#%*ce o" *e/ Tr%*$"er er&c%e o" T+eNo. T57 10. J**o/* o =ep%*o o*$o+-%e- **3 omp%*,OT No. 0:81 /%$ %+re%- -ec+%re- *#++ %*- 'o- %*- /%$ or-ere-c%*ce++e- b e e* o#r o"Fr$ I*$%*ce o" =% J*o*, * $ or-er-%e- Febr#%r 1, 196:. Te -ec$o* o" e FI bec%me &*%+ %*-eec#or o* Ocober 2:, 197:. O* ?pr+ 21, 1999, e O@ce o" eSo+cor Ge*er%+, %"er be*3 *o&e- % e %"ore$%- or-errem%*e- #*eec#e- -e$pe e /r o" eec#o* $$#e- b er%+ co#r, &+e- % comp+%* "or re''%+ o" #-3me* %*-c%*ce++%o* o" +e$ be"ore e Re3o*%+ Tr%+ o#r o" S%*Fer*%*-o, =% J*o*. Beo*er Sp$-e, I*c. mo'e- o -$m$$ ecomp+%*, %++e3*3, %mo*3 oer$ % e re$po*-e* Rep#b+c/%$ *o e re%+ p%r**ere$ %*- % e c%#$e o" %co* /%$%+re%- b%rre- b pre$crpo*. Te r%+ co#r -e*e- peo*erE$moo* o -$m$$ %*- $ moo* "or reco*$-er%o* /%$ +e/$e#r*e- -o/*. Beo*er e+e'%e- e m%er oe o#r o" ?ppe%+$ ro#3 peo* "or ceror%r %*- probo*. Te %ppe%+ co#r -e*e- e peo* %$ /e++ %$ e moo* "orreco*$-er%o*.

Le*ce, e *$%* peo*.

Te S#preme o#r 3r%*e- e peo*.

?* %co* "or re''%+ o" #-3me* m#$ be bro#3 /* e* e%r$"rom e me $%- #-3me* become$ &*%+. I* e pre$e* c%$e, e%co* "or re''%+ o"#-3me* /%$ *$#e- o*+ * 1999, or more%* /e*&'e (25) e%r$ %"er e #-3me* %- become &*%+.Le*ce, e %co* $ b%rre- b e*c'e pre$crpo*.

+e $ r#e % pre$crpo* -oe$ *o r#* %3%*$ e S%e, e

$%me m% *o be *'oe- b e 3o'er*me* * $ c%$e $*ce /%$ *o +o*3er *ere$e- * e $#bec m%er. +e %mp %++%cem% %'e be+o*3e- o e 3o'er*me* % e me R%"%e+ G%+'e


20/81

$opp*3 $ 3e*er%++ *o c#r%b+e b e $#bm$$o* ereo" %"ere &+*3 o" e peo*. Seco* 5, R#+e 45 o" e 1997R#+e$ o" '+ Broce-#re pro'-e$ % e "%+#re o" e peo*er o$#bm e re#re- -oc#me*$ % $o#+- %ccomp%* epeo*, *c+#-*3 e cer&c%o* %3%*$ "or#m $opp*3, $%++ be$#@ce* 3ro#*- "or e -$m$$%+ ereo". Te $%me r#+e %pp+e$ ocer&c%o*$ %3%*$ "or#m $opp*3 $3*e- b % per$o* o*be%+" o" % corpor%o* /c %re #*%ccomp%*e- b proo" % $%-$3*%or $ %#or


21/81

+e o" e Rep#b+c %$ bee* -'e$e-, $ 3r%*ee$, %+o#3%r&c%+ bo-e$ o" $ o/* cre%o*, %re * e $%me c%e3or %$or-*%r per$o*$ (Aingston " Le?igh *alley Coal Co", 241 B% 469).! r%$*3 e c+%m o" mpre$crpb+, % c+%m /c c%**o ber%$e- b e !D?, e Go'er*me* *o o*+ %$$$$ e !D?, %$ -- * ," " Marcha, e'e* $#pp+%*$ e +%er, % co#r$e o" %co*pro$crbe- b $%- c%$e. oreo'er, o reco3*


22/81

ceror%r %*- probo* %*- ere%"er -e*e- % moo* "orreco*$-er%o*.

Te %*ece-e* "%c$ %re #*-$p#e-

O* Ocober 29, 1958, Or3*%+ er&c%e o" T+e No. 0:81 /%$$$#e- * "%'or o" R%"%e+ G%+'e


23/81

%*- 'o-C e Re3$er o" Dee-$ "or eBro'*ce o" =% J*o* $ ereb or-ere- o c%*ce+e $%- or3*%+ cer&c%e %*-or $#c oercer&c%e$ o" +e $$#e- $#b$e#e* ereo%'*3 re"ere*ce o e $%me p%rce+$ o" +%*-C/o# pro*o#*ceme* %$ o co$$.

O* Ocober 28, 196:, =ep%*o o*$o+-%e- **3 omp%* $o+-o ere* peo*er =o$ No. 1 %*- 4, / e -ee- be*3 e*ere- * TT NO. 4:14 %$ e*r No. 12:81. Tr%*$"er er&c%e o" T+e No. T5710 /%$ #$ $$#e- * "%'or o" e peo*er /c $%r*3 $*cee* eerc$e- propre%r r3$ o'er =o$ No. 1 %*- 4.

I* e me%*me, R%"%e+ G%+'e< &+e- $ moo* "or reco*$-er%o*%3%*$ e or-er $$#e- b e r%+ co#r -ec+%r*3 OT No. 0:81*#++ %*- 'o-. Te moo* /%$ -e*e- o* A%*#%r 25, 1965. O*%ppe%+, e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ r#+e- * "%'or o" e Rep#b+c o" eB+pp*e$ * % Re$o+#o* prom#+3%e- o* ?#3#$ 14, 197: * ?G.R. No. :6061R.

Tere%"er, e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ $$#e- %* ;*r o" A#-3me*,cer"*3 % $ -ec$o* -%e- ?#3#$ 14, 197: bec%me &*%+ %*-eec#or o* Ocober 2:, 197:.

O* ?pr+ 22, 1974, e r%+ co#r * =.R.. %$e No. N:61 $$#e- %/r o" eec#o* o" e #-3me* /c /%$ $er'e- o* eRe3$er o" Dee-$, S%* Fer*%*-o, =% J*o* o* ?pr+ 29, 1974.

T/e* "o#r +o*3 e%r$ ere%"er, o* A%*#%r 14, 1999, eO@ce o" e So+cor Ge*er%+ rece'e- % +eer -%e- A%*#%r 11,1999 "rom r. Vcor G. F+ore$c%, VceBre$-e*, Ao* L% BoroBo* De'e+opme* orpor%o*, $%*3 % e %"oreme*o*e-or-er$ %*- -ec$o* o" e r%+ co#r * =.R.. No. N:61 %'e *obee* eec#e- b e Re3$er o" Dee-$, S%* Fer*%*-o, =% J*o*-e$pe recep o" e /r o" eec#o*.

O* ?pr+ 21, 1999, e O@ce o" e So+cor Ge*er%+ &+e- %comp+%* "or re''%+ o" #-3me* %*- c%*ce++%o* o" +e$ be"oree Re3o*%+ Tr%+ o#r o" e Fr$ A#-c%+ Re3o* (!r%*c 26, S%*Fer*%*-o, =% J*o*) -ocee- ere* %$ '+ %$e No. 6:46e*+e-, Rep#b+c o" e B+pp*e$, B+%*H, 'er$#$ Ler$o" R%"%e+G%+'e


24/81

r%+ co#r -e**3 $ moo* o -$m$$ %*- $ $#b$e#e* moo*"or reco*$-er%o* /ere $$#e- * ece$$ o" #r$-co*.

O* No'ember 4, 1999, e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ -$m$$e- e peo** ?G.R. SB No. 555:5 o* e 3ro#*- % e 'er&c%o* %*-cer&c%o* * e peo*, #*-er e $3*%#re o" =ore*


25/81

!%+b* %- bee* %#or


26/81

peo*erE$ pre-ece$$or**ere$ $ mpre$crpb+e bec%#$e $*c+#-e- * %mp %++%ce, /c be+o*3$ o e 3o'er*me*.

Te %r3#me* $ m$+e%-*3.

+e $ r#e % pre$crpo* -oe$ *o r#* %3%*$ e S%e, e$%me m% *o be *'oe- b e 3o'er*me* * $ c%$e $*ce $*o +o*3er *ere$e- * e $#bec m%er. +e %mp %++%cem% %'e be+o*3e- o e 3o'er*me* % e me R%"%e+ G%+'e


27/81

co*$#e* %*- propre%r or m*$r%*. +e p#b+c be*e& %*-p#b+c /e+"%re, p%rc#+%r+, e promoo* o" e eco*omc %*-$oc%+ -e'e+opme* o" e*r%+ =#


28/81

/om pre$crpo* -oe$ *o r#*, $%- corpor%o*$ %'*3 bee*cre%e- mere+ %$ %3e*$ "or e re%+


29/81

m#+p+c o" $#$. S#c % -ec$o* /o#+- re#ree B+pp*e Bor$ ?#or o re&+e e 'er$%me comp+%* %+re%- pro'e- b eRep#b+c o" e B+pp*e$ %*- br*3 b%c ep%re$ %$ /ere o $#%re o*e.

I c%* be $%- % * $#*3 "or e reco'er o" ere*%+$, e Rep#b+c o" e B+pp*e$, %ce- %$pr*cp%+ o" e B+pp*e Bor$ ?#or, -rec+

eerc$*3 e comm$$o* %- e%r+er co*"erre-o* e +%er %$ $ %3e*. e m% pre$#me %, b-o*3 $o, e Rep#b+c o" e B+pp*e$ -- *o*e*- o re%* e $%- re*%+$ "or $ o/* #$e,co*$-er*3 % b $ 'o+#*%r %c %-r%*$"erre- e +%*- * #e$o* o e B+pp*eBor$ ?#or eHec'e A#+ 11, 1974. TeRep#b+c o" e B+pp*e$ %- $mp+ $o#3 o%$$$, *o $#pp+%*, e B+pp*e Bor$ ?#or,/o$e +e o e -$p#e- proper co**#e$ oreco3*


30/81

me / o$e o" e pr*cp%+ -e"e*-%* be"ore e &*%+ #-3me*, or * % $#pp+eme*%+ p+e%-*3 "or % p#rpo$e.

2. ID.C ID.C ID.C R;;D JND;R S;TION 20, RJ=; 57 ?V?I=?!=; TOD;F;ND?NT ON=. P Te proce-#re +%- -o/* * Seco* 20 o" R#+e57 *ee- *o be "o++o/e- * % c%$e /ere e p+%*H $ee$ "rom e$#re * % co#*erbo*- &+e- b e -e"e*-%* o +" %*or-er o" %%cme* pre'o#$+ $$#e-. S%- $eco* re"er$ oreco'er o" -%m%3e$ b % p%r %3%*$ /om %%cme* /%$

$$#e- %*- e reme- pro'-e- ere* $ %'%+%b+e o*+ o e-e"e*-%*, *o e p+%*H.

:. ID.C ID.C ID.C =I?!I=IT OF SJR;T ON OJNT;R!OND ?TT?L;SL;N ;U;JTION OF AJDG;NT ?G?INST D;F;ND?NT ISR;TJRN;D JNS?TISFI;D. P Te pro'$o*$ o" Seco*$ 12 %*-17 o" R#+e 57 %pp+ o % c%$e /ere e p+%*H $ee$ o reco'er"rom e $#re * co#*erbo*-. Seco* 12 pro'-e$ % % co#*erbo*- * %* %%cme* $ eec#e- o $ec#re p%me* o" %* #-3me* % e %%c*3 cre-or m% reco'er * e %co*C/+e Seco* 17 co*emp+%e$ procee-*3$ o* eec#o* %"er e #-3me* /e* e +%b+ #po* e $#reE$ bo*- m% be

-eerm*e-. Te e erm * Seco* 17 $ e pr%$e " eeec#o* be re#r*e- #*$%$&e- * /o+e or * p%r, * /ce'e* e +%b+ o" e bo*- %#om%c%++ %%ce$.

4. ID.C ID.C ID.C =I?!I=IT OF SJR;T ?JTO?TI?== ?TT?L;S. P?"er e #-3me* "or e p+%*H %- become eec#or %*- eeec#o* $ re#r*e- #*$%$&e-, e +%b+ o" e bo*-%#om%c%++ %%ce$, %*- " $#re "%+$ o $%$" e #-3me*%3%*$ -e"e*-%* -e$pe ere"or, % /r o"eec#o* m% $$#e%3%*$ e $#re o e*"orce e ob+3%o* o" e bo*-.

5. ID.C ID.C ID.C SJR;T =I?!=; ;V;N IF IT DID NOT L?V;OBBORTJNIT TO ?S;RT?IN ORR;TN;SS OF AJDG;NT. P ?

$#re o* % co#*erbo*- $ bo#*- b e #-3me* re*-ere-%3%*$ e pr*cp%+ b%$e- o* % comprom$e e*ere- *o b ep+%*H %*- -e"e*-%*, or e e'-e*ce -#+ pre$e*e- b ep%re$, %+o#3 e $#re *e'er co*$e*e- o e comprom$e or/%$ *o *o&e- o" e r%+, %*- /%$ *o 3'e* oppor#* o%$cer%* e correc*e$$ o" e #-3me* o* comprom$e be"ore $&*%+.

6. ID.C ID.C ID.C FINDINGS OF F?T OF TRI?= ?ND ?BB;==?T;OJRTS I== NOT !; DISTJR!;D ! SJBR;; OJRT. P TeS#preme o#r -e*e- e co*e*o* o" $#re % -e"e*-%* %-"#++ p%- e ob+3%o* $o#3 o be e*"orce- %3%*$ e co#*er

bo*-, %ppe%r*3 % e r%+ co#r "o#*-, /c &*-*3 /%$%@rme- b e o#r o" ?ppe%+$, % ere /%$ re%++ *o "#++

p%me* o" e #-3me* -ebC be$-e$, e $#reE$ e'-e*ce o% eHec $ e%r$% $*ce e -e"e*-%* /%$ *e'er pre$e*e- oe$" ereo*.

7. ?BB;?=C ?NIF;ST= FRIVO=OJS ?BB;?=. P Ge*er%++, %* %ppe%+$o#+- *o be -$m$$e- o* % 3ro#*- /c 3oe$ o emer$ o" e c%$e or e r3 o" p+%*H or -e"e*-%* o reco'er,ecep /e* e %ppe++%e co#r &*-$ e %ppe%+ o be m%*"e$+%*- p%+p%b+ "r'o+o#$.

D E % I S I O N

ESGUERRA, J p

?ppe%+ b ceror%r o re'e/ e-ec$o* o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ -$m$$*3 peo*erE$ %ppe%+.

I* e o#r o" Fr$ I*$%*ce o" %*+% p+%*H (*o/ re$po*-e*)

A%+/*-or %*#"%c#rer$, I*c. $#e- Fe+pe Ler*%*-e< o reco'er e$#m o" B:0,000.00. I* $ comp+%* p+%*H %+$o pr%e- "or %/r o" pre+m*%r %%cme* %3%*$ e proper o" e-e"e*-%* o %*$/er "or %* #-3me* /c e "ormer m% ob%*%3%*$ e +%er. Jpo* p+%*HE$ &+*3 % bo*- * e%mo#* o" B:0,000.00 e +o/er co#r $$#e- eor-er o" %%cme* %3%*$ -e"e*-%* Fe+pe Ler*%*-e


31/81

B26,000.00 * ree (:) mo*+ *$%++me*$, e &r$ o" /c/o#+- be p%%b+e o* or be"ore Ocober 25, 1964, e $eco*-, o* orbe"ore No'ember 25, 1964 %*- e +%$, o* or be"ore December 25,1964. I /%$ %+$o pro'-e- * e comprom$e %3reeme* % eco#*erbo*- eec#e- b e -e"e*-%* /o#+- rem%* * "#++ "orce%*- eHec * "%'or o" e p+%*H %*- % * c%$e o" bre%c b e-e"e*-%* o" %* pro'$o* o" e comprom$e %3reeme*,e$pec%++ % /c re+%e$ o e $%$"%co* o" e pr*cp%+ob+3%o*, e /o#+- be %me*%b+e o e eec#o*o" e #-3me*

%*- oer re+e" %'%+%b+e o e p+%*H %$ crc#m$%*ce$ m%/%rr%*. Te comprom$e %3reeme* /%$ $#bme- o e co#r "or%ppro'%+ %*- o* Ocober 28, 1964, e co#r a quo %ppro'e- e$%me %*- re*-ere- #-3me* o* e b%$$ ereo".

O* moo* o" e p+%*H -#e o -e"e*-%*E$ "%+#re o p%%ccor-*3+, e +o/er co#r $$#e- % /r o" eec#o* o* December22, 1964. Lo/e'er, *o $#@ce* proper o" e -e"e*-%* /%$+oc%e- %*- e /r o" eec#o* /%$ o*+ p%r%++ $%$&e- o eee* o" B5,000.00. B+%*H -em%*-e- "romeV%*3#%r- ?$$#r%*ce orpor%o*, %$ $#re, eb%+%*ce o" B21,000.00 p+#$ B652.57 repre$e**3 e co$$ o" e

$#. Te -em%*- "or p%me* %'*3 bee* 3*ore-, p+%*H &+e- %moo* / e +o/er co#r "or %* or-er o reco'er e #*p%-b%+%*ce "rom e co#*erbo*-, p#r$#%* o Sec. 17, R#+e 57 o" eR#+e$ o" o#r. Te $#re, %*$/er*3 p+%*HE$ moo*, *erpo$e-/o $pec%+ -e"e*$e$, o / (1) % p+%*HE$ moo* $ *o eproper p+e%-*3 %*-or reme- o m%e $%- $#re +%b+e o* $co#*erbo*-, b# b % $#pp+eme*%+ comp+%* &+e- be"ore e&*%+ o" e #-3me* %3%*$ Ler*%*-e


32/81

e* eec#o* re#r*e- #*$%$&e-, reco'er%- #po* bo*-. P I" e eec#o* be re#r*e-#*$%$&e- * /o+e or * p%r, e $#re or$#ree$ o* %* co#*erbo*- 3'e* p#r$#%* o epro'$o*$ o" $ r#+e o $ec#re e p%me* o" e #-3me* $%++ become c%r3e- o* $#c co#*erbo*-, %*- bo#*- o p% o e #-3me* cre-or#po* -em%*-, e %mo#* -#e #*-er e #-3me*, /c %mo#* m% be reco'ere- "rom

$#c $#re or $#ree$ %"er *oce %*- $#mm%re%r*3 * e $%me %co*.

Te %bo'e#oe- pro'$o* o" e per*e* R#+eco*emp+%e$ o" procee-*3$ o* eec#o* %"er #-3me* /e*+%b+ #po* e $#reE$ bo*- m% be -eerm*e-. Te e erm *Seco* 17 $ e pr%$e " e eec#o* be re#r*e- #*$%$&e- */o+e or * p%r. (D


33/81

pro'$o*$ o" Seco*$ 12 %*- 17 o" R#+e 57 o" eR#+e$ o" o#r re3%r-*3 e +%b+ o" % $#re o* % co#*erbo*-* %%cme* procee-*3$. To e*er%* e *$%* %ppe%+ brem%*-*3 e c%$e o e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ "or "#rer procee-*3$/o#+- e*%+ oo m#c me %*- eHor /c /o#+- mp%r e$pee- %-m*$r%o* o" #$ce. Te *$%* %ppe%+ $ m%*"e$+"r'o+o#$ %*- comp+ee+ -e'o- o" mer. T#$

. . . ?+o#3, %$ % 3e*er%+ r#+e, %* %ppe%+ $o#+-

*o be -$m$$e- o* % 3ro#*- /c 3oe$ o emer$ o" e c%$e or o e r3 o" p+%*H or-e"e*-%* o reco'er, e, * ecepo*%+ *$%*ce,%* %ppe++%e co#r m% or-er e -$m$$%+ /e*e %ppe%+ %ppe%r$ o be m%*"e$+ %*- p%+p%b+"r'o+o#$. ?*- /ere, %$ * e *$%* c%$e, e-$m$$%+ %$ bee* or-ere- b e r%+ co#r, /++*o be -$#rbe- * e %ppe++%e co#r " e +%er&*-$ e %ppe%+ o %'e bee* *erpo$e- o$e*$b+"or -e+%. I %$ bee* e+- % % "r'o+o#$ %ppe%+ $o*e pre$e**3 *o #$c%b+e #e$o*, or o*e $ore%-+ reco3*


34/81

o+-*3 % ere $ *o*3 * e +%/ % prob$ e p%re$"rom e*er*3 *o %* %3reeme* % % 'o+%o* o" e erm$ o" eco*r%c /o#+- c%#$e $ c%*ce++%o* e'e*/o# co#r *er'e*o*, %*- % $ *o %+/%$ *ece$$%r "ore *#re- p%r o re$or o co#r "or re$c$$o* o" e co*r%c. Ireer%e- e -ocr*e % % #-c%+ %co* $ proper o*+ /e*ere $ %b$e*ce o" % $pec%+ pro'$o* 3r%**3 epo/er o" c%*ce++%o*.

2. ID.C ID.C ID.C D; =JN?, ;T ?=., " #4)GO! ,T #L" ;&7& 2C4# &6'>! #--L)C#L, )/ C#2, #T #4B 4#T)O/#L, +O4 T?, 4L," Te'%+- o" $#c % $p#+%o* * e -ee- o" -o*%o* pro'-*3 "ore %#om%c re'er$o* o" e -o*%e- proper o e -o*or #po**o*comp+%*ce o" e co*-o* /%$ #pe+- * e rece*c%$e o"


35/81

*#++&c%o* o" e -ee- o" -o*%o* $ *o * r# 'o+%'e o"e+%er e*ce, "or +%c o" c%#$e o" %co*, e c%$e "or pr'%ere$po*-e*$ m#$ "%+.

6. SJBR;; OJRTC L?S ?JTLORIT TO R;VI; ?TT;RS ;V;N IF TL; ?R; NOT ?SSIGN;D ?S ;RRORS ON ?BB;?=C ?S; ?T!?R. I /++ re%-+ be *oe- % e pro'$o* * e-ee- o" -o*%o* %3%*$ %+e*%o* o" e +%*- "or o*e #*-re-(100) e%r$ /%$ e 'er b%$$ "or e %co* o *#++" e

-ee- o" -o*%o*. ? e $%me me, /%$ +e/$e eco*ro'ere- "#*-%me* o" e moo* o -$m$$ e c%$e a quo,/c moo* /%$ $#$%*e- b e r%+ co#r %*- $e %$-e bre$po*-e* co#r, bo o* e $$#e o" pre$crpo*. T%r#+*3 o" re$po*-e* co#r *erpre*3 $%- pro'$o* /%$ %$$3*e-%$ %* error * e pre$e* peo*. +e e $$#e o" e'%+- o" e $%me pro'$o* /%$ *o $#%re+ r%$e-, $*e+#c%b+ re+%e- o peo*erE$ %"ore$%- %$$3*me* o" error$*ce bo $$#e$ %re 3ro#*-e- o* %*- re"er o e 'er $%mepro'$o*. T$ o#r $ c+oe- / %mp+e %#or o re'e/m%er$, e'e* " e %re *o %$$3*e- %$ error$ o* %ppe%+, " &*-$% er co*$-er%o* $ *ece$$%r * %rr'*3 % % #$

-ec$o* o" e c%$e. T#$, /e %'e e+- % %* #*%$$3*e- errorc+o$e+ re+%e- o %* error proper+ %$$3*e-, or #po* /c e-eerm*%o* o" e #e$o* proper+ %$$3*e- $ -epe*-e*, /++be co*$-ere- b e %ppe++%e co#r *o/$%*-*3 e "%+#re o%$$3* %$ error.

7. ID.C ID.C FOR TL; ;UB;DITIOJS?DINISTR?TION OF SJ!ST?NTI?= AJSTI;, R;?ND OF TL; ?S; TO TL; =O;R OJRT FOR FJRTL;R R;;BTIONOF ;VID;N;,NOT N;;SS?R. e %'e +%- -o/* e r#+e % erem%*- o" e c%$e o e +o/er co#r "or "#rerrecepo* o" e'-e*ce $ *o *ece$$%r /ere e o#r $ * %

po$o* o re$o+'e e -$p#e b%$e- o* e recor-$ be"ore . O*m%* occ%$o*$, e o#r, * e p#b+c *ere$ %*- "or eepe-o#$ %-m*$r%o* o" #$ce %$ re$o+'e- %co*$ o* emer$ *$e%- o" rem%*-*3 em o e r%+ co#r "or "#rerprocee-*3$, $#c %$ /ere e e*-$ o" #$ce, /o#+- *o be$#b$er'e- b e rem%*- o" e c%$e. Te %"ore$%e-co*$-er%o*$ ob%* * %*- %pp+ o e pre$e* c%$e / re$peco e m%er o" e '%+- o" e re$o+#or co*-o* * #e$o*.

D E % I S I O N

REGALADO, J p

Te$e /o peo*$ "or re'e/ o* ceror%r 1 $ee o o'er#r* e-ec$o* o" e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ * ?G.R. V No. 05456 2 /cre'er$e- %*- $e %$-e e or-er o" e Re3o*%+ Tr%+ o#r o" Im#$,%'e -$m$$*3 '+ %$e No. 09584, %$ /e++ %$ e or-er o" $%-re$po*-e* co#r -e**3 peo*erE$ moo*$ "or ereco*$-er%o* o" $ %"ore$%- -ec$o*.

O* No'ember 29, 1984, pr'%e re$po*-e*$ %$ p+%*H$, &+e- %comp+%* "or *#++&c%o* o" -ee- o" -o*%o*, re$c$$o* o" co*r%c%*- reco*'e%*ce o"re%+ proper / -%m%3e$ %3%*$ peo*er$F+ore*co %*- So+e-%- . I3*%o %*-e Rom%* %o+c !$op o" Im#$, %'e, o3eer /e Rom%*%o+c ?rcb$op o" %*+%, be"ore e Re3o*%+ Tr%+ o#r, !r%*c UU, Im#$, %'e %*- /c /%$ -ocee- %$'+ %$e No. 09584 ere*. 3

I* er comp+%*, pr'%e re$po*-e*$ %++e3e- % o* ?#3#$ 2:,19:0, e $po#$e$ ;#$ebo -e %$ro %*- %r*% Re%, *o/ bo-ece%$e-, eec#e- % -ee- o" -o*%o* * "%'or o" ere*

-e"e*-%* Rom%* %o+c ?rcb$op o" %*+% co'er*3 %p%rce+ o" +%*- (=o No. 626, %-%$r%+ S#r'e o" W%/), +oc%e- %W%/, %'e, co*%**3 %* %re% o" 964 $#%re meer$, more or+e$$. Te -ee- o" -o*%o* %++e3e-+ pro'-e$ % e -o*ee $%++*o -$po$e or $e++ e proper /* % pero- o" o*e #*-re-(100) e%r$ "rom e eec#o* o" e -ee- o" -o*%o*, oer/$e %'o+%o* o" $#c co*-o* /o#+- re*-eripso acto *#++ %*- 'o- e-ee- o" -o*%o* %*- e proper /o#+- re'er o e e$%e o" e-o*or$.

I $ "#rer %++e3e- % o* or %bo# A#*e :0, 1980, %*- /+e $++/* e prob'e pero- o -$po$e o" e proper,peo*er Rom%* %o+c !$op o"Im#$, * /o$e %-m*$r%o*

%++ propere$ /* e pro'*ce o" %'e o/*e- b e?rc-oce$e o" %*+% /%$ %++e3e-+ r%*$"erre- o* ?pr+ 26, 1962,eec#e- % -ee- o" %b$o+#e $%+e o" e proper $#bec o" e-o*%o* * "%'or o" peo*er$ F+ore*co %*- So+e-%- . I3*%o *co*$-er%o* o" e $#m o"B114,000.00. ?$ % co*$e#e*ce o" e$%+e, Tr%*$"er er&c%e o" T+e No. 115990 /%$ $$#e- b eRe3$er o" Dee-$ o" %'e o* No'ember 15, 1980 * e*%me o" $%- peo*er $po#$e$.

% r%*$pre- ere%"er $ *%rr%e- b re$po*-e* co#r * $%$$%+e- -ec$o*. 4 O* December 17, 1984, peo*er$ F+ore*coI3*%o %*- So+e-%- . I3*%o &+e- % moo* o -$m$$ b%$e- o* e

3ro#*-$ % (1) ere* pr'%e re$po*-e*$, %$ p+%*H$ ere*,

https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/18375?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18375&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13861&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13356&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11136&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55147&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21075&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18621&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Roman+Catholic+vs+CA&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote1_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/18375?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18375&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13861&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13356&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11136&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55147&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21075&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18621&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Roman+Catholic+vs+CA&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote2_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/18375?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18375&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13861&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13356&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11136&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55147&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21075&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18621&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Roman+Catholic+vs+CA&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/18375?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18375&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13861&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13356&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11136&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55147&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21075&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18621&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Roman+Catholic+vs+CA&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote4_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/18375?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18375&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13861&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13356&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11136&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55147&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21075&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18621&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Roman+Catholic+vs+CA&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote1_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/18375?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18375&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13861&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13356&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11136&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55147&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21075&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18621&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Roman+Catholic+vs+CA&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote2_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/18375?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18375&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13861&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13356&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11136&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55147&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21075&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18621&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Roman+Catholic+vs+CA&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/18375?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18375&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13861&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13356&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11136&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55147&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21075&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18621&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Roman+Catholic+vs+CA&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote4_0


36/81

%'e *o +e3%+ c%p%c o $#eC %*- (2) e comp+%* $%e$ *oc%#$e o" %co*.

O* December 19, 1984, peo*er Rom%* %o+c !$op o" Im#$%+$o &+e- % moo* o -$m$$ o* ree (:) 3ro#*-$, e &r$ /o (2)3ro#*-$ o" /c /ere -e*c%+ o % o" e moo* o -$m$$&+e- b e I3*%o $po#$e$, %*- e r- 3ro#*- be*3 % ec%#$e o" %co* %$ pre$crbe-.

O* A%*#%r 9, 1985, e Rom%* %o+c ?rcb$op o" %*+%+e/$e &+e- % moo* o -$m$$ o* e 3ro#*- % e $ *o % re%+p%r * *ere$ %*-, ere"ore, e comp+%* -oe$ *o $%e %c%#$e o" %co* %3%*$ m.

?"er pr'%e re$po*-e*$ %- &+e- er oppo$o*$ o e $%-moo*$ o -$m$$ %*- e peo*er$ %- co#*ere- / erre$pec'e rep+e$, / reo*-er$ ereo b pr'%e re$po*-e*$,e r%+ co#r $$#e- %* or-er -%e- A%*#%r :1, 1985, -$m$$*3e comp+%* o* e 3ro#*- % e c%#$e o"%co* %$pre$crbe-. 5

Br'%e re$po*-e*$ ere%"er %ppe%+e- o

e o#r o" ?ppe%+$ r%$*3 e $$#e$ o* (%) /eer or *o e%co* "or re$c$$o* o" co*r%c$ (-ee- o"-o*%o* %*- -ee- o" $%+e)%$ pre$crbe-C %*- (b) /eer or *o e -$m$$%+ o" e %co*"or re$c$$o* o" co*r%c$ (-ee- o" -o*%o* %*- -ee- o" $%+e) o*e 3ro#*- o" pre$crpo* c%rre$ / e -$m$$%+ o" e m%*%co* "or reco*'e%*ce o" re%+ proper. 6

O* December 2:, 1986, re$po*-e* o#r o" ?ppe%+$, o+-*3 %e %co* %$ *o e pre$crbe-, re*-ere- % -ec$o* *"%'or o" pr'%e re$po*-e*$, / e "o++o/*3 -$po$'eporo* -pr

L;R;FOR;, e Or-er o" A%*#%r :1, 1985

-$m$$*3 %ppe++%*$E comp+%* $ S;T ?SID; %*-'+ %$e No. 09584 $ ereb or-ere-R;INST?T;D %*- R;?ND;D o e +o/er co#r "or"#rer procee-*3$. No co$$. 7

Beo*er$ I3*%o %*- e Rom%* %o+c !$op o" Im#$ e* &+e-er $ep%r%e moo*$ "or reco*$-er%o* /c /ere -e*e- bre$po*-e* o#r o"?ppe%+$ * $ re$o+#o* -%e- Febr#%r 6,1987, 8 % e*ce, e &+*3 o" e$e %ppe%+$ b ceror%r.

I $ e co*e*o* o" peo*er$ % e c%#$e o" %co* o" ere*pr'%e re$po*-e*$ %$ %+re%- pre$crbe-, *'o*3 ?rc+e764 o" e '+ o-e /c pro'-e$ % ()e -o*%o* $%++ bere'oe- % e *$%*ce o" e -o*or, /e* e -o*ee "%+$ o

comp+ / %* o" e co*-o*$ /c e "ormer mpo$e- #po*e +%er, %*- % ()$ %co* $%++ pre$crbe %"er "o#r e%r$"rom e *o*comp+%*ce / e co*-o*, m% be r%*$me- oe er$o" e -o*or, %*- m% be eerc$e- %3%*$ e -o*eeE$er$.

e -o *o %3ree.

?+o#3 $ r#e % #*-er ?rc+e 764 o" e '+ o-e %* %co*"or e re'oc%o* o" % -o*%o* m#$ be bro#3 /* "o#r (4)e%r$ "rom e *o*comp+%*ce o" e co*-o*$ o" e -o*%o*,e $%me $ *o %pp+c%b+e * e c%$e % b%r. Te -ee- o" -o*%o**'o+'e- ere* epre$$+ pro'-e$ "or %#om%c re'er$o* o" eproper -o*%e- * c%$e o" 'o+%o* o" e co*-o* ere*, e*ce% #-c%+ -ec+%r%o* re'o*3 e $%me $ *o *ece$$%r. ?$ %p+$%e- b e o#r o" ?ppe%+$

! e 'er epre$$ pro'$o* * e-ee- o" -o*%o* $e+" % e 'o+%o* o" eco*-o* ereo" /o#+- re*-er ipso acto null andoid e -ee- o"-o*%o*, ; %re o" e op*o*% ere /o#+- be *o +e3%+ *ece$$ %*more o

%'e e -o*%o* #-c%++ -ec+%re- *#++ %*- 'o-"or e re%$o* % e 'er -ee- o" -o*%o* $e+" -ec+%re$ $o. For /ere ($c) oer/$e %*- %e -o*or$ %*- e -o*ee co*emp+%e-% co#r %co* -#r*3 e eec#o* o" e-ee- o" -o*%o* o %'e e -o*%o* #-c%++re$c*-e- or -ec+%re- *#++ %*- 'o- $o#+- eco*-o* be 'o+%e-, e* e pr%$e re%-*3Ewould render ipso acto null and oidE /o#+- *o%ppe%r * e -ee- o" -o*%o*. 9

I* $#ppor o" $ %"ore$%- po$o*, re$po*-e* co#r re+e- o* e

r#+e % % #-c%+ %co* "or re$c$$o* o" % co*r%c $ *o*ece$$%r /ere e co*r%c pro'-e$ % m% be re'oe- %*-c%*ce++e- "or 'o+%o* o" %* o" $ erm$ %*- co*-o*$. 1 Ic%++e- %e*o* o e o+-*3 % ere $ *o*3 * e +%/ %prob$ e p%re$ "rom e*er*3 *o %* %3reeme* % %'o+%o* o" e erm$ o" e co*r%c /o#+- c%#$e $ c%*ce++%o*e'e* /o# co#r*er'e*o*, %*- % $ *o %+/%$ *ece$$%r"or e *#re- p%r o re$or o co#r "or re$c$$o* o" eco*r%c. 11 I reer%e- e -ocr*e % % #-c%+ %co* $ propero*+ /e* ere $ %b$e*ce o" % $pec%+ pro'$o* 3r%**3 epo/er o" c%*ce++%o*. 12

I $ r#e % e %"ore$%- r#+e$ /ere %pp+e- o e co*r%c$*'o+'e- ere*, b# /e $ee *o re%$o* / e $%me $o#+- *o

https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/18375?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18375&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13861&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13356&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11136&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55147&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21075&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18621&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=Roman+Catholic+vs+CA&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote5_0https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/18375?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=18375&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13861&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13356&hits%5B%5D%

Date post:	07-Jul-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	clarisse-ann-miranda
View:	213 times
Download:	0 times

Cases Syllabus 7

Documents