Presentation on Castor seed

• Presented by : Kumbhar Mangesh Mohan• Roll No : 622

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Castor Seed10/15/2014

Cultivation Practices of

Caster Seed Research CenterResearch Center/University Area/s of Research

Castor Research Station, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, India

Crop Improvement, Crop Management, Crop Protection

Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, India Evaluation of performance of different released/recommended varieties/hybrids of castor under rabi cultivation

Center for Jatropha Promotion, India Growing Castor Bean (ricinus communis) in conjunct with Jatropha in arid and semi arid regions of India

Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwad Agriculture University, Gujarat, India

Castor hybridization and selection programme

10/15/2014 Source: http://castoroil.in/b/castor-research/

Origin & Distributionof Castor Seed • Castor is a native of east Africa especially Ethiopia• India, Brazil, China, Argentina, USA, Thailand, Queensland, Egypt and

Sudan are the important countries producing countries.• In India, important states producing castor are Andhra Pradesh,

Gujarat and to some extent T.N, Karnataka, Orissa ,Madhya Pradesh and Bihar.

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Castor (Ricinus Communis)

 

• Castor is one of the important non-edible oil seed crop which has industrial and medicinal value.• It is used as a lubricant in high- speed engines and aeroplanes.• Area Production and Productivity of Caster Seed in world , India and

Andhra Pradesh in Year 2008.

• Globally, India ranks first both in area and production.• Productivity of castor is highest in Gujarat (1650 kg/ha).

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  World India Andhra PradeshArea Production Productivity

1.5m ha13 mt900 kg/ha

0.72 m ha0.9 mt1221 kg/ha

157 l/ha087 l/tons511 kg/ha

Morphology of castor seed

• Castor plants is of 2 types :• 1. Tall / Giant types with perennial habit,tap root

system 2. Short / Dwarf types with shorter duration • Stem : is Round, glabrous, bluish ,waxy gives resistance to jassids,

hoppers. Stem is solid in gaint types and become hallow with age in dwarf types. Plant produces the flowers over an extended period through out the year.• Fruit : It is globular capsule, spiny becomes hard and brittle when

ripened• Seed : Capsule contains 2- 3 seeds, oval shape, shiny, brittle,

white/brown /black/red with a mottling on testa.

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Climate • Basically a warm season crop grows in temperate and tropical regions

throughout the world. Can be successfully grown from 300 -1800 m above sea level• Castor production lies between 40O N and 40O S• In India successfully grown up to 1500 m

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Temperature

• Requires moderately high temp of 200- 260 C with low humidity through out growing season to give high yields.• Low temperature extends emergence, making more liable to attack

by fungal diseases & insects. High temperature 41o C results in blasting of flowers & poor seed set.• A frost free growing period between 130- 190 days depending on

cultivar is necessary for satisfactory yields.

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• Day length : Basically a long day plant, fairly adaptable to day length from 13-18 hrs.• Rainfall : - 600- 760 mm rainfall is required.• For optimum growth and development - 100 mm evenly distributed rainfall

in first few months period is desirable.Soils• Grows on any type of soil, well drained, sandy loams will produce optimum

yields. Crop is sensitive to excessive moisture.• In Andhra Pradesh grown in sandy loams and shallow black soils.• Prefers slightly acidic pH of 5- 6. 5, but can also grow upto pH 8.

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land preparation

• As castor crop is deep rooted plant with the trap root system extending beyond 2-3 meters for extraction of soil moisture from deep layers, deep plouging (<45cm) • chiseling in shallow soils with sub surface hard pan is adopted to

support deep root system, reducing weeds.• Castor is a hardy crop for better crop insitu moisture conservation,

summer tillage or offseason tillage with pre-monsoon rains helps in removal of weeds for better infiltration and rain water retention.

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Varieties

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Varieties Yield q/ acre

Kranti 5.6- 6.4

Haritha 5.6- 6.4

Kiran 5.2- 6.0

Jyoti 4.8- 6.0

Jwala 4- 4.8

P.C.H. 1 5.6- 7.2

G.C.H. 4 5.6- 7.2

Spacing

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Region Cultivar Spacing (Cm )

All Castor areas ( Rainfed) Improved Var's/Hybrids 90x20 or 60x30

Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Hybrids 90x60

Delayed Planting 60x15 or 60x30

(In Want of rains)   (Ideal to curtail Veg. growth )

Seed Rate

1. Rainfed crop :12 - 15 kg/ha : with plant population of 55,000 plants / ha2. Irrigated crop :5 - 6 kg/ha : with the plant population of 18,500 plants/ha

Intercropping Combinations with castor seed

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Intercropping combinations recommended/practised

Proportion States

Castor + Red gram 1:1 Gujarat, Andhra PradeshCastor + Cowpea 1:2 Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh

Castor + Blackgram 1:2 Andhra Pradesh

Castor + Greengram 1:2 Andhra PradeshCastor + Cluster bean 1:1 Andhra PradeshCastor + Groundnut 1:5 or 1:7 Andhra Pradesh

Castor + Groundnut(Bunch) 1:3 GujaratCastor + Soybean 1:1 Bihar

Castor + Sunflower(Hybrid) 1:1 Gujarat(Irrigated)

Castor + Lathyrus 1:5 BiharCastor(Local)+turmeric 1:5 Bihar

Seasons and sowing time

• Kharif : with the onset on the monsoon, June 15th is a ideal time of sowing• Rabi : September to October• Summer : January

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Harvesting• Optimum stage for harvest is capsules turning yellow and starts drying.• On an average, castor plant produces 4- 5 sequential order spikes over

a span of 180 –240 days.• 15- 20% of yield is lost in the field due to dehiscence of capsules under

rainfed conditions of A.P waiting for all the spikes to come to maturity for single harvesting.

State-wise Harvesting Seasons of Castorseed  

StatesHarvesting Seasons

Andhra Pradesh Jan-Mar.

Bihar Apr-May

Gujarat Oct-Apr.

Madhya Pradesh15th Oct-25th Apr.

Maharashtra Feb-Mar.

Orissa Dec-Jan.

Rajasthan -

Tamil Nadu Dec-Mar.

Uttar Pradesh Jan-Apr.

India Oct-April10/15/2014

Nutrient Management

• Crop yielding 2000 kg seed removes around 80 kg N, 18 P 2 05, 32 kg K2O, 12 kg Ca, 10 kg Mg ha-1 Nitrogen application is related to available soil moisture through rain/ irrigation.• For improved varieties under rainfed conditions, 90-140 kg N/ha is

recommended. • For hybrids under irrigated conditions, 200 kg N/ha is recommended

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• Phosphorus :- Under rainfed condition, 30 kg P 2 O 5 / ha is adequate Improved cultivars responds upto 75 kg P2 O 5 / ha • Potassium : Tropical soils are well supplied with available K • But application of N & P may result in increased potassium uptake

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Recommended fertilizer schedule:- 

• Rainfed conditions in Andhra Pradesh : 40- 60 + 40 +30 kg N P K/ha. • Irrigated conditions in Andhra Pradesh : 80- 100 + 40 + 30

kg/NPK/ha. Under rainfed conditions nitrogen should be applied in three splits• 50% of the dose at sowing time, 25% at 35 – 40 DAS, 25% at 65- 75

DAS. • Under irrigated conditions nitrogen should be applied in four splits.30

kg N at sowing , 60 kg N splitted three times with 20 kg each time at 30- 35 days, 60-65 days, and 90- 95 DAS

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Water management

• Water requirement of castor crop is 500- 700 mm.• Flowering and seed development stages are more sensitive for

moisture stress.• Scheduling Irrigation: - it is desirable to give heavy irrigations at

longer intervals than the frequent irrigations.• In a crop duration of 180 days, require around 6 irrigations to obtain

optimum yield• As the crop is sensitive to water logging, furrow method of irrigation

is ideal as it drains out the excess water from the field.• In Rabi, first irrigation should be given at 50 DAS after sowing,

followed by irrigations at an interval of 20 days.

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Weed Management 

• For rainfed castor : 2- 3 intercultivation with blade harrow ,starting from 20 DAS along with manual weeding is ideal.• For irrigation castor : 2- 3 hand weedings at an interval of 15 days

starting from 15 DAS is ideal. Herbicides are economical in irrigated castor.

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Herbicides

• Fluchloralin (0.75-1.0), Trifluralin (0.75-1.0), EPTC (2.0 – 2.5), Nepatalam (3.5- 4.0) the values are dilute in ml per liter.

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Disease Control Method Images

Seedling Blight

Seed dressing with 4gms g Trichoderma viride formulation and 3g metalaxyl per kg seed can reduce disease incidence. Soil drenching with copper oxychloride @3g /lit or metalaxyl 2g/lit is also useful.

Alternaria Blight : Alternaria ricini Y

Seed treatment may be useful in combating the initial phase of the disease.

Use of healthy seed and treat the seed with Captan or Thiram @ 3g/kg seed or spray Mancozab at 2.5g/lit concentration at an interval of 15days commencing from 90days of crop growth.

Disease Control Method

Source: http://www.ikisan.com/crop%20specific/eng/links/ap_castorDisease%20Management.shtml

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Storage Of Seed

• Castor-seed is very hard and does not require much care during storage. No insect or fungus attacks the seeds.• Under ordinary conditions of storage in jute (gunny)bags, the oil and

the free fatty acid content of the seeds are not affected even after three years of storage.

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Production of Castor Seed in India

1 9 9 0 -19 9 1

1 9 9 1 - 19 9 2

1 9 9 2 - 19 9 3

1 9 9 3 - 19 9 4

1 9 9 4 -19 9 5

1 9 9 5 -19 9 6

1 9 9 6 -19 9 7

1 9 9 7 -19 9 8

1 9 9 8 -19 9 9

1 9 9 9 -20 0 0

2 0 0 0 -20 0 1

2 0 0 1 -20 0 2

2 0 0 2 -20 0 3

2 0 0 3 -20 0 4

2 0 0 4 -20 0 5

2 0 0 5 -20 0 6

2 0 0 6 -20 0 7

2 0 0 7 -20 0 8

2 0 0 8 -20 0 9

2 0 0 9 -20 1 0

2 0 1 0 -20 1 1

2 0 1 1 -20 1 2

2 0 1 2 -20 1 3 ( F

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2 0 1 3 -20 1 4 ( T

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8

6.53

4.28

7.97

7.93

9.91

7.62

10.5

4

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9

13.5

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Production of castor seed in india

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10/15/2014Source http://www.indiastat.com

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State wise Wholesale Prices Monthly Analysis for Castor Seed October, 2014 Prices in Rs/Quintal

State Prices October, 2014 Prices September, 2014 Prices October, 2013 % Change(Over Previous Month) % Change(Over Previous Year)Price per

Kg

Change in Price with

in year

Andhra Pradesh 3554.35 3514.68 2922.35 1.13 21.63 35.5435 5.9233

Chattisgarh 3000 __ __ 0 30

Gujarat 4167.96 4021.56 3459.71 3.64 20.47 41.6796 5.6185

Karnataka 3000 2779.18 __ __ 0 2.2082

Madhya Pradesh 2885 941.83 __ __ 0 19.4317

Maharashtra 4183.42 4034.16 3447.38 3.7 21.35 41.8342 5.8678

Orissa 3600 __ __ 0 -36

Rajasthan 3560.62 3791.13 3334.72 -6.08 6.77 35.6062 4.5641

Tamil Nadu 6023.33 3737.29 3190.99 61.17 88.76 60.2333 5.463

Telangana 3662.87 3520.22 2935.44 4.05 24.78 36.6287 5.8478

Average 4192.09 3500.45 2956.84 41.9209 5.4361

*Report Generation: As per the data reported by APMCs

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Thank You !!!

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