Cat and DogPreventative Medicine:

Breeding and Genetic Medicine

Dr. N. Matthew Ellinwood, D.V.M., Ph.D.

April 2, 2012

IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCES

Breeding Management andDisease Prevention

• Infectious Agents

• Genetic Disease– Simple– Complex

Infectious Disease

• Canine Agents

• Feline Agents

Canine Agents

• Brucella canis– Cause of reproductive failure and zoonotic

• Transmissible canine venereal tumor– Tumor cells are the infectious agent– Over 6000 years old– Current form is 200-2000 years old– Issue in tropics/subtropics

Feline Agents

• Retroviruses– FIV– FeLV

Feline Blood Type Incompatibility

• B queens bred to A toms or A carrier toms– Blood typing– DNA testing for B carrier status

B Blood Frequency by BreedTable 1: Estimated frequency of type B cats in various breeds NB: For some breeds only small numbers of cats have been tested, so the figures may not be as accurate as they would be if results were available for larger numbers of cats. The proportion of group B cats within a breed may change with time, depending on breeding choices and patterns within that breed.

Only type A Low type B frequency (1-10%)

Intermediate type B frequency (10-25%)

High type B frequency (>25%)

Siamese* American Shorthair* Abyssinian* British Shorthair* ^

Tonkinese* Maine Coon* Birman* ^ † Cornish Rex*

Oriental Shorthair* Manx* Burmese^ Devon Rex* †

Norwegian Forest* Himalayan* Exotic*

Bengal** Persian* ^ Ragdoll*

Scottish Fold* Turkish Van*

Somali* Turkish Angora *

Sphynx* †

* Figures supplied by Dr Giger, University of Pennsylvania ^ Figures from a study of UK cats conducted by C Knottenbelt, University of Glasgow † Figures supplied by Dr Addie, University of Glasgow

** Figures supplied by Professor D Gunn-Moore, Edinburgh University

Breeds at Risk(Summary)

• Exclusive A cats– Siamese – Tonkinese – Oriental Shorthair

• Other breeds at risk ranging from 1% to greater than 25% (i.e. British shorthairs)

Cardiac Evaluationand Thyroid Evaluation

• Heart– Echo– Dipl. ACVIM (Cardio)

• Thyroid– Blood tests– OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals)

Recessive Genetic Disease in Dogs and Cats

• Dozens of genetic disease in dogs and cats for which genetic tests exist

• DNA based tests are usually breed specific• Some breeds share mutations• Involve serious inherited recessive diseases of

various body systems– Vision– Lysosomal Storage Diseases– Hematological Disorders

Breed Specific Tests   Miniature Poodle

  Miniature Schnauzer

  Newfoundland

  Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers

  Papillon

  Pembroke Welsh Corgi

  Poodles (all varieties)

  Portuguese Water Dog

  Samoyeds

  Schipperke

  Scottish Terrier

  Shetland Sheepdog

  Shih Tzu

  Siberian Huskies

  Sloughis

  Toy Poodles

  West Highland White Terrier

  Wheaten Terrier

  Whippet

  Wire-haired Pointing Griffon

  Airdale Terrier

  American Cocker Spaniels

  Australian Cattle Dogs

  Australian Shepherd

  Basenji

  Basset Hound

  Bedlington Terrier

  Bernese Mountain Dog

  Briard

  Brittany Spaniel

  Bull Terrier

  Bullmastiffs

  Cairn Terrier

  Cardigan Welsh Corgi

  Chesapeake Bay Retrievers

  Curly-Coated Retriever

  Dachshunds

  Dalmatian

  Doberman Pinscher

 English Cocker Spaniels

 English Pointer

 English Setter

 English Springer Spaniel

 Field Spaniel

 Flat-coated Retriever

 German Short-haired Pointer

 German Wire-haired Pointer

 Golden Retriever

 Great Dane

 Greyhound

 Irish Setters

 Irish Red & White Setters

 Kerry Blue Terrier

 Labrador Retriever

 Large Munsterlander

 Lhasa Apso

 Manchester Terrier

 Mastiffs

 Miniature Pinschers

Commercial DNA Based Testing

• Testing for diseases• Testing for traits (hair coat color)• Testing for parentage• Testing for heritage• University based, single tests

– Usually developer of tests• University based, multiple tests and services• Commercial laboratories, University spin-offs• Commercial laboratories, usually little to no

development• Price $75-$150• Who you gonna call?

Vet Gen Coat Color Tests

• The B and b alleles of the dog– Three mutations in Tyrosinase Related Protein-

1 (TRP1) involved in the chocolate coat color in “bb” Labrador retrievers (and dogs of many other breeds).

• The E and e alleles of the dog– One mutation in the the Melanocortin-1

Receptor (MC1R) gene that causes the the yellow coat color in “ee” dogs.

Orthopedic Evaluations

• OFA• Penn Hip (1.5 years)• HD (2 years of age)• OCD• ED• Age (see above)• Retesting

– Penn Hip – no– HD - yes

Ocular Evaluations

• CERF evaluations– ACVO

• Frequency– Annually