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Catalogue 04-2021 Philosophy, Politics, Economy and More: 18 New Arrivals

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Architecture: ...................................................................................................................... 2

Economy: ....................................................................................................... 3, 5, 6, 16, 17

Enyclopedias: ................................................................................................................... 14

History / chronicles: .................................................................................................... 4, 12

Law: ................................................................................................................................. 10

Philosophy: .......................................................................................................... 1, 8, 9, 15

Poetry: ............................................................................................................................. 18

Politics: .......................................................................................................................... 4, 7

Printing techniques / Lithography: .................................................................................. 13

Sociology: ........................................................................................................................ 11

PMM: ......................................................................................................... 3, 7, 8, 9, 13, 16

Norman: ............................................................................................................................. 9

Milestones of Science Books

phone +49 (0) 421 1754235 www.milestone-books.de . info@milestone-books.de

Member of ILAB and VDA

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In its first binding

1 ARISTOTELES (ARISTOTLE). [Opera nonnulla]. Hoc in volumine continentur infrascripta opera Aristotelis videlicet: in principio: Vita eiusdem. Epistola eiusdem ad Alexandrum Ioanne argyropilo Bizantio interpraete. Phisicorum libri octo... Venice: per Gregorium de Gregoriis expensis Benedicti

Fontanae, July 13, 1496. Folio (311 x 215 mm). [4], 403 (i.e., 503), [1] leaves. Signatures: aa4 a-g8 h6 i-s8 t6 u-x8 y6 z8 &8 [cum]8 [rum]8 A8 B-C6 D-N8 O6 P-OO8 PP-QQ6. 44 lines and headline, types 135G, 110R; printer's device and colophon on QQ6r, leaf h6 blank, several pagination errors (page numbering jumps from 199 to 100). 351 woodcut diagrams in text, ornamental and historiated woodcut initials on black ground. Occasional rubrication in dark red with initial strokes and partly filled woodcut initials. Several deckle edges preserved. Copiously annotated in Latin and Greek in at least four different contemporary hands using red, brown and black ink. Bound in contemporary (original) calf over wooden boards, richly blind-stamped in a checked pattern with additional blind ruling, original brass clasps, catches and leather straps. Spine ends chipped, hinges partially cracked but bands holding firmly, leather rubbed, extremities worn. Paper somewhat browned, a few leaves stronger, occasional minor spotting, ink smudges and marginal soiling, final two leaves with light dampstain towards lower corner, first leaf with old paper repair at top margin, upper corner of leaf k1 torn not affecting text. Provenances: illegible ownership inscription on front pastedown dated MDL, partially cancelled inscription on first leaf recto dated 1554 and with motto "vinit post funera

virtus" (wine after the funeral) added; Václav Perek* (original invoice with envelope by bookseller Gilhofer & Ranschburg Vienna dated Dec. 14, 1916 attached). An outstanding, broad-margined copy in original binding. (#003281) € 45,000

Klebs 82.7; Goff A-966; Hain 1659; Proctor 4552; British Museum Cat. V 349. - RARE FIRST AND ONLY EDITION IN THIS FORM. The only Opera Latina of Aristotle printed in the 15th century as a single, unified edition emerged from Gregorii's shop, for Benedetto Fontana on 13 July 1496 (see Goff A-966). This edition, for which Fontana held a ten-year privilege, included in one volume almost all of Aristotle's known or earlier attributed works on Natural Science, but omitted the traditional commentaries of Averroes, Johannes de Mechlinia, and others. It contains some texts which do not exist in early separate editions: de coloribus, de plantis, de vegetabilibus, de respiratione et inspiratione, de Nilo, de lineis insecabilibus, de causis. The translations were made by Argyropoulos, Georgius Valla, Leonardus Aretinus and others. Some other tracts, e.g. the Liber sex principiorum of Gilbert de la Porree, are added. It begins with a letter of Democritus to Fontana in praise of his enterprise in publishing Aristotle, followed by an address to the reader summarizing the ten years' exclusive privilege of printing and selling Aristotle's works granted to Fontana on 26 March, 1496. *Václav Perek (1859-1940) was a Bohemian lawyer and politician.

Content: Physica, Metaphysica, De caelo et mundo, De anima, Ethica ad Nicomachum, Praedicamenta, De interpretatione, Analytica priora et posteriora transl. from Greek; Physica, De anima and Posteriora with dedication to Piero or Cosimo de' Medici by Johannes Argyropulos; Ethica with dedication to Virginio Orsini by Petrus Marsus; Ethica ad Eudemum, Politica transl. from Greek and Politica with introduction by Leonardus Brunus; Topica, Elenchi sophistici transl. from the Greek by Boethius; Parva naturalia, De animalibus <extract>, De motu animalium transl. from Greek by Guilelmus de Moerbeka; De bona fortuna transl. from Greek; Magna moralia transl. from Greek and with dedication to Justus Laelianus Justis by Georgius Valla. PSEUDO ARISTOTELES: Epistula ad Alexandrum transl. from Greek by Guilelmus de Moerbeka; Oeconomica transl. from Greek and with dedication to Cosimo de' Medici by Leonardus Brunus; De coloribus, Physiognomia transl. from

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Greek by Bartholomaeus de Messana; De lineis indivisibilibus transl. from Greek by Robertus Grosseteste; De inundatione Nili transl. from Greek; De proprietatibus elementorum. transl. from Arabic by Gerardus Cremonensis; De pomo sive de morte transl. from Hebraic; De intelligentia transl. from Greek by Jacobus Veneticus; De mundo transl. from Greek by Nicolaus Siculus; De causis transl. from Arabic by Gerardus Cremonensis. - Vita Aristotelis <latin> transl. from Greek by Guilelmus de Moerbeka. - Porphyrius: Isagoge in Praedicamenta Aristotelis <latin> transl. from Greek and with dedication to Piero de' Medici by Johannes Argyropulos. - Gilbertus <Porretanus, Pseudo->: Liber sex principiorum in the version of Hermolaus Barbarus the Younger - Nicolaus <Damascenus>: De plantis <latin> transl. from Arabic by Alfredus de Sareshel.

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2 FONTANA, Carlo. Templum Vaticanum et ipsius origo / Il Tempio Vaticano e sua origine... Rome: Jo. Francisci Buagni, 1694. Large folio (415 x 312 mm). [32], 1-169, 173-205, 205-213, 221-245, 249-343, 343-489 [1], [28] pp. Letterpress titles in Latin and Italian, text in parallel columns in Latin and

Italian, 79 engraved plates and plans (11 folding, 78 with pagination) by Alessandro Specchi after Carlo Fontana. Bound in contemporary full vellum, spine with 6 raised bands and gilt-lettered red morocco label (vellum soiled, extremities rubbed, slight bumping and wear to corners), red and black sprinkled edges, pastedowns with elaborate 18th century Dutch brokade paper, printed in gold with pattern relief in colours through stencil. Few pages little browned, brown stain to lower corner of some gatherings, but generally very bright, crisp and clean. Provenance: Thomas Brand, Esq. (armorial bookplate to front-pastedown). A very fine copy. (#003336) € 7500

FIRST EDITION of this lavish book about the buildings of the Vatican. This impressive production was commissioned by the Sacred Congregation for the Fabric of St Peter's, to justify the expense of rebuilding the church. It is presented by Fontana in seven parts: (1) Cose piu notabile della potenza Romana (on the historic importance of St Peter's - here a plate is included showing overlapping plans of the old and new churches and Nero's Circus), (2) Antica basilica (i.e. the Constantinian basilica - with a plate based on Alfarano's plan and inventory), (3) Trasporto dell'obelisco (on Domenico Fontana's moving of the obelisk, with new illustrations of residential areas), (4) Portici, piazze (proposals for the enlargement of Piazza San Pietro and for a new piazza behind the apse), (5) Tempio Vaticano (affirming the safety of the dome, and describing the appearance of all parts of the church), (6) Spese (the costs of construction - St Peter's being declared costlier than the temple of Solomon) and (7) Pantheon & altri tempii (stressing the height of the church, compared particularly with the cathedral of Florence). This is followed by a comprehensive Index. The plates show plans, elevations and sections of St Peter's and of the piazza.The pagination of this work is a bit complicated. The number of initial unnumbered pages varies in different copies - variously described by cataloguers as 24, 30, 32 or 36. In some copies the Italian title page precedes the Latin one; and some copies have bound in a folded sheet carrying a portrait of Fontana - captioned 'Eques Carolus Fontana Ann. LIII' and signed 'R. V. Auden aert Gand. ad Vivum del et sculp.' - and a two-page tribute to him from Giuseppe Ghezzi, Secretary of the Academy of St Luke (of which Fontana was President from 1693 to

1699). The 79 plates are inserted throughout the text pages and are numbered continuously with them (each plate having a page number on its recto, its verso being blank and unnumbered). There are occasional inaccuracies in this sequence, as follows: between pl. 169 and pl. 173 there is neither a pl.171 nor pages 171-2; between pp.204 and 207 there are two plates both numbered 205; between pl.213 and pl.221 there are no plates 215, 217 and 219 nor pages 215-220; between pl.245 and page 249 there is no pl.247 nor pages 247-8; and between pages 342 and 343 there is also a plate numbered 343. As well as providing the Italian text (printed with Bonnerve's parallel Latin translation), Fontana also drew all the plates (all signed by him as draughtsman and by Alessandro Specchi as engraver). Most plates for Book III are copied from Domenico Fontana's Della trasportatione dell'obelisco (1590). (see: RA 03/2576).

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3 KEYNES, John Maynard. The general theory of employment, interest and money. London: Macmillan, 1936. 8vo (216 x 135 mm). xii, 403 [1] pp. Original publisher's dark blue cloth lettered in gilt on spine, in original price-clipped dust-jacket. Clean pages with no markings or annotations. Ownership inscription on title. The binding in near mint condition with only light bumping to lower corners. The dust jacket with minor toning and light staining of spine, minor shallow fraying and chipping at spine ends and a single chip at upper edge. A near fine copy with unrestored dust-jacket. (#003365) € 5800

PMM 423. FIRST EDITION, FIRST IMPRESSION. The most influential work of economics of modern times. Keynes was to dominate the international conference at Bretton Woods, out of which came the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank; and his influence during the ensuing decades, even on his theoretical opponents, has been such that a highly placed American official recently remarked that 'we are all Keynesians today' (PMM 423).

The Bridgewater-Huntington copy

4 MACHIAVELLI, Niccolo. Discorsi ... sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio, divisi in tre libri, Nuovamente ristampati. Venice: Giovanni Antonio and Nicolini da Sabio, Melchior Sessa, 1537. 8vo (160 x 103 mm). [8], 200 leaves. Woodcut device on title-page. Signatures: *8 A-Bb8. 19th-century three-quarter vellum with some minor gilt tooling, upper cover with the gilt arms of the Bridgewater family (very little rubbing and soiling). Text crisp and clean throughout with just a little soiling and faint marginal staining of title-page and a few leaves elsewhere. Provenance: early manuscript annotations verso of last blank leaf; the Bridgewater family library* (binding, armorial bookplate and shelf-mark to front-pastedown); Henry Huntington. A very good copy with ample margins. (#003364) € 19,500

One of two Venice editions printed in 1537 (the others by Zanetti) and the third edition overall of Machiavelli's Discourses, preceded only by Antonio Blado's published 1531 in Rome, and a 1534 edition published by Sessa. In 1540, the first Aldine was published. Shortly after the forced retirement in 1513 to his country estate, Machiavelli began to write his Essay on the first ten (books) of Livy, but shortly after, interrupted it and devoted all his energy to Il principe, a development of one of several themes touched upon in the Discorsi, a work of political history and philosophy, to which he returned upon finishing his more celebrated work. Titus Livius' (or Livy's) Ab urbe condita, a monumental history of ancient Rome written in Latin between 27 and 9 BC, which relate the expansion of Rome through the end of the Third Samnite War in 293 BC, in fact was only the point of departure for the Discorsi, in which Machiavelli set forth his own views on the origins and perpetuation of states and principalities in general. Machiavelli frequently describes Romans and other ancient peoples as superior models for his contemporaries, but he also describes political greatness as something which comes and goes amongst peoples, in cycles. He was an ardent student of the political structures of antiquity, but neither an atheist nor the advocate of trickery or cruelty for its own sake. The relationship between his polemics and his descriptions of political realities retains even now something of the power that made him Hamlet's evil Machiavel of political folklore in the late sixteenth century.

"Machiavelli founded the science of modern politics on the study of mankind - it should be remembered that a parallel work to 'The Prince'

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was his historical essay on the first ten books of Livy. Politics was a science to be divorced entirely from ethics, and nothing must stand in the way of its machinery." (PMM 63).

Jean-Jacques Rousseau considered the Discourses . . . to be more representative of Machiavelli's true philosophy: Machiavelli was a proper man and a good citizen; but, being attached to the court of the Medici, he could not help veiling his love of liberty in the midst of his country's oppression. The choice of his detestable hero, Cesare Borgia, clearly enough shows his hidden aim; and the contradiction between the teaching of The Prince and that of the Discourses on Livy and the History of Florence shows that this profound political thinker has so far been studied only by superficial or corrupt readers. The Court of Rome sternly prohibited his book. I can well believe it; for it is that Court it most clearly portrays. (Rousseau, Book III).

*The Bridgewater family library was acquired by Henry Huntington en bloc in 1917 from the fourth Earl of Ellsemere; at the time, it was the oldest family library still in private hands. Small portions of the library were sold in the 19th century; Henry Huntington sold some books from the collection at auction between 1918 and 1924. The rest of the collection comprises the core of the Huntington Library's early English collections.

VERY RARE: OCLC traces only two copies (held by the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève and the Staatsbibliothek Berlin).

References: BM STC/Italian II 293; Brunet 3:1274; Graesse 4:323; Printing and the Mind of Man 63 (note); J.-J. Rousseau, The Social Contract).

5 MALTHUS, Thomas Robert. An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent, and the Principles by which it is Regulated. London: Printed for John Murray, 1815. 8vo (208 x 127 mm). [4], 61 [1] pp., advert leaf bound after title, unnumbered publisher's advert page at end. Without the additional 4-leaves of publisher's adverts at end, not belonging to this tract, but sometimes found in copies. Modern calf-backed boards, gilt-lettered spine, new endpapers. Title-page slightly dust-soiled, a few light pencil marginals, but generally crisp and clean throughout. Near fine copy. (#003335) € 12,000

Black 2877; Goldsmith 21130; Kress B6537. EXCEPTIONALLY RARE FIRST EDITION, FIRST ISSUE (with Murray alone in imprint (and not with J. Johnson). The first full presentation of Malthus' classic essay in which he presented the Malthusian-Ricardian theory of rent for the first time. "At the end of 1805 [Malthus] became professor of history and political economy at the newly founded college of Haileybury [East India College, Hertfordshire]. He gave lectures on political economy. The lectures led him to consider the problem of rent. The theory at which he arrived is partly indicated in two pamphlets upon the 'corn laws' and is fully given in the tract upon the 'Nature and Progress of Rent' " (DNB).

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From the Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord library

6 MALTHUS, Thomas Robert. Additions to the Fourth and Former Editions of An Essay on the Principle of Population. London: [W. Clowes for] John Murray, 1817. 8vo (225 x 140 mm) [4], 327 [1], [8] pp., including publishers adverts dated September 1817 at end. Original publishers paper card boards with lettered paper spine label (spine and hinges heavily chipped, upper hinge broken but holding, corners bumped), pages untrimmed. Text little foxed (stronger at beginning an end). Provenance: Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord library, "Talleyrand," with the castle of Valençay bookplate to front pastedown. Another bookplate with monogram E.B.L. to front pastedown. A very good copy with an interesting provenance. (#002606) € 2600

Goldsmiths 21762; Kress B6973. - FIRST EDITION. Malthus (1766-1834) had published in his lifetime six editions of his famous Essay on the principle of population (first edition in 1798). The work sometimes includes the text of the fifth edition of the Essay published the same year, but was also separately issued - as here - for owners of previous editions. The final version of the Essay appeared in 1826. The presence of such a work in the library of Talleyrand is not surprising. Talleyrand arguably was one of the French politicians most receptive to the English economic and financial thinking of his time.

7 PASCAL, Blaise. Les Provinciales ou les lettres écrites par Louis de Montalte à un provincial de ses amis & aux RR. PP. Jésuites. Cologne [i.e., Paris]: Pierre de la Vallée, 1657. 4to (237 x 170 mm). 18 separately published letters with a general title-page and Avertissement in 6 pages (first issue, spelled "Advertissement" and mentioning only 17 letters), with the 8-page Refutation to the 12th letter, the second letter in second state dated 29 January 1656, the 17th letter in first state with 8 pages, the 18th letter reprinted "sur la copie imprimee a Cologne le 24 Mars 1657". Added are 30 further pamphlets,

some in extract form, by Pascal and other authors on the Jansenist-Jesuit feud. Bound in 19th century Jansenist style binding of brown morrocco, spine with 5 raised bands and gilt lettering in first compartment, all edges gilt, marbled endpapers and richly gilt-tooled leather turn-ins (minor rubbing of extremities. Woodcut initials, head- and tailpieces in places. Text only little browned, occasional minor spotting and dust-soiling. Provenance: Thomas Powell and P. Grandsire (bookplates to front pastedown); old inscription on general title erased. (#003471) € 14,000

PMM 140; Tchemerzine, IX, 66. FIRST EDITION, and exceptionally rare with all the 18 letters by Pascal and a further suite of 30 pamphlets. In his lettres Pascal attacks casuistry and accuses the Jesuits of moral laxity in a prose style that would influence Voltaire and Rousseau. "The Lettres Provinciales, as they are called, are the first example of French prose as we know it today, perfectly finished in form, varied in style, and on a subject of universal importance ... Pascal was born at Clermont-Ferrand, the son of an official in the regional government. He was an infant prodigy, whose work in mathematics and natural science attracted considerable attention before he was sixteen ...

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Pascal will always be chiefly remembered as a moralist, more especially as the great apologist for Jansenism, the seventeenth-century French ascetic movement of reform inside the Roman Catholic Church ... At the end of 1655, the movement had been much under attack from the Jesuits, and Pascal was persuaded to write a rejoinder. This he did in a few days. The Jesuits' main ground of attack had been that the tenets of Jansenism came dangerously near to the Calvinist doctrine of predestination. Pascal's counter-attack took the form of a brilliant exposure of the casuistical methods of argument employed by the Jesuits ... Pascal's weapon was irony, and the freshness with which the gravity of the subject contrasts with the lightness of the manner is an enduring triumph. The vividness and distinction of his style recalls the prose of Milton at its best." (PMM).

Content: 1ère lettre, 23 janvier 1656 : 8 pp. 2de lettre, 29 février 1656 (au lieu de 29 janvier) : 8 pp. Response du Provincial aux deux premières lettres, 2 février 1656, et 3ème lettre, 9 février : 8 pp. 4ème lettre, 25 février 1656 : 8 pp. 5ème lettre, 20 mars 1656 : 8 pp. 6ème lettre, 10 avril 1656 : 8 pp. 7ème lettre, 25 avril 1656 : 8 pp. 8ème lettre, 28 mai 1656 : 8 pp. 9ème lettre, 3 juillet 1656 : 8 pp. 10ème lettre, 2 août 1656 : 8 pp. 11ème lettre, 18 août 1656 : 8 pp. 12ème lettre, 9 septembre 1656 : 8 pp. Réfutation de la réponse à la douzième lettre : 8 pp. 13ème lettre, 30 septembre 1656 : 8 pp. 14ème lettre, 23 octobre 1656 : 8 pp. 15ème lettre, 25 novembre 1656 : 8 pp. 16ème lettre, 4 décembre 1656 : 12 pp. 17ème lettre, 23 janvier 1657 : 8 pp. 18ème lettre, 24 mars 1657 : 12 pp.

Added pamphlets:

1. Ordonnance de M. Alphonse d'Elbene, évêque d'Orléans, 9 septembre 1656, 3 [1] pp., no title.

2. Ordonnance de M. Alphonse d'Elbene, évêque d'Orléans, 10 février 1657, 3 [1] pp., no title

3. [Pierre NICOLE - Antoine ARNAULD - PASCAL]. Advis de Messieurs les Curez de Paris, à Messieurs les Curez des autres Dioceses de France sur les mauvaises maximes de quelques nouveaux Casuistes. Paris, 1656, 8 pp. (without separate title and 2 prelim. leaves).

4. Table des propositions contenues dans l'Extrait de quelques-unes des plus dangereuses propositions de la Morale de plusieurs nouveaux Casuistes. S.l.n.d., 4 pp.

5. Extrait de quelques-unes des plus dangereuses propositions de la morale de plusieurs nouveaux Casuistes... S.l.n.d., 20 pp.

6. Suite de l'Extrait de plusieurs mauvaises propositions des nouveaux Casuistes... Paris, 1656, [2], 8 pp. including separate title.

7. Principes et suites de la probabilité expliquez par Caramouel... Bruxelles, 1655, 18 pp.

8. Extrait de plusieurs dangereuses propositions tirées des nouveaux Casuistes... S.l.n.d., 14, [2, blank] pp., without errata leaf.

9. Lettre d'un Curé de Rouen à un Curé de la campagne, sur le procédé des Curez de ladite ville, Paris, 1656, 14, [2, blank] pp., lacking separate title, smaller in size.

10. Lettre d’un Ecclésiastique de Rouen à un de ses amis sur ce qui s’est passé au jugement du procez d’entre M. Du Four, abbé d’Aulney, cy devant Curé de Saint Maclou de Roüen et le P. Brisacier, Jésuite, Recteur du Collège de la mesme Ville, [March 10, 1657], 4 pp.

11. Epistola illustrissimi ac reverendissimi D. D. Jacobi Boonen archiepiscopi Mechliniensis ad ementissimos Cardinales Inquisitionis Romanæ præfectos, a Jesuitis adversus eumdem interpellatos. S.l.n.d., 1654, [2], 6 pp. including separate title.

12. Traduction d'une lettre escritte par Messire Jacques Boonen archevêque de Malines à Messeigneurs les Cardinaux de l'Inquisition de Rome, ausquels les Jésuites avoient appelé ses Ordonnances. S.l.n.d., 8 pp.

13. Lettre au pere Adam Iesuite, sur la traduction qu il a faite en vers de quelques hymnes de l'Eglise. S.l.n.d., 66, [10] pp., separate title misbound after general title of Pascal's lettres.

14. Lettre d’un abbé à un abbé sur la conformité de S. Augustin avec le concile de Trente, touchant la possibilité des commandements divins. S.l.n.d., [6], 3-76, 46, [2, blank] pp. incl. separate title and new pagination from chap. XIV.

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15. Lettre pastorale de monseignevr l'illvstrissime evesqve de Digne, contenant la condamnation d'vn liure intitulé, Apologie povr les casvistes, contre les calomnies des iansenistes, Paris: Charles Savreux, 1659, 15 [1] pp. incl. separate title page.

16. VIALART (Félix). Lettre pastorale de Monseigneur l'illustrissime evesque et comte de Chaalons… Contenant la condemnation du Livre intitulé Apologie pour les casuistes, &c. Paris: Charles Savreux, 1659, 12 pp. incl. separate title page.

17. HARLAY DE CHAMPVALLON (François de). Censure d'un livre intitulé Apologie pour les casuistes, contre les calomnies des Iansénistes, &c. Rouen: Laurens Maurry, 1659, 6, [2, blank] pp. incl. separate title page.

18. Censure de plusieurs mauvaises propositions des nouveaux casuistes, dont l'illustrissime evesque de Gand avoit demandé le jugement à la Faculté de théologie de Louvain. S.I., 1657, 8 pp.

19. [ARNAULD, Antoine] Defense des professeurs en theologie de l'université de Bordeaux. Contre un écrit intitulé; Lettre d'un theologien à un officier du Parlement, touchant la question si le livre intitulé Ludovici Montaltij litterae, &c. est heretique, S.I., 1660, 64 pp. incl. separate title page.

20. Extraict du second avertissement fait par l'Université de Paris, en l'année 1643: tiré d'un livre intitulé: Requeste, procez verbaux et avertissement, faits à la diligence de monsieur le recteur, & par l'ordre de l'université de Paris, &c. ..., S.I., 1659, 8 pp.

21. Memoire pour faire connoistre l'esprit & la conduite de la Compagnie establie en la ville de Caën, appellée l'Hermitage, 1660, 40 pp. incl. separate title page.

22. Deux histoires memorables où l'on void le procedé artificieux & violent des Iesuites d'Allmagne pour enlever aux religieux de S. Benoit, etc., des abbayes de leurs ordres..., S.I., 1659, 16 pp.

23. Estrenes pour le R. P. Estienne Hagard Deschamps Iesuite, premier present le secret du molinisme, la theologie de l'anse Deschamps, S.l.n.d., 16 pp.

24. PALAFOX DE MENDOZA (Juan de). Lettre De l'Illustrissime Iean de Palafox de Mendoza, Evesque d'Angelopolis dans l'Amerique, & Doyen du Conseil des Indes, au pape Innocent X. Contenant diverses plaintes de cet Evesque contre les entreprises & les violences des Iesuites, & leur maniere peu evangelique de prescher l'Evangile dans les Indes Occidentales. Du 8 Ianvier 1649. S.l., (1659), 30, [2, blank] pp.

25. Factum pour les curez de Roüen. Contre un Livre intitulé, Apologie pour les Casuites contre les calomnies des Iansénistes, à Paris 1657. Et contre ceux qui l'ayant composé, imprimé & publié, osent encore le défendre. S.l., (1658), 12 pp.

26. A Messieurs les Vicaires generaux de Monseigneur l'Eminentissime Cardinal de Rets Archevesque de Paris. S.I., (1657), 2 pp.

27. Factum pour les curez de Paris. Contre un Livre intitulé Apologie pour les Casuistes contre les calomnies des Ianséniste. A Paris 1657. Et contre ceux qui l'ont composé, imprimé & débité. S.l., (1657), 8, [2, blank] pp.

28. Response des curez de Paris, pour soustenir le Factum par eux presenté à Messieurs les Vicaires Generaux, pour demander la censure de l'Apologie des Casuistes. Contre un escrit intitulé, Réfutation de Calomnies nouevellement publiées par les Autheurs d'un Factum sous le nom de Messieurs les Curez de Paris, &c. S.l., (1658), 8 pp.

29. [PASCAL - Antoine ARNAULD - Pierre NICOLE]. Troisiesme [- Neuvième] escrit des curez de Paris. Où ils font voir que tout ce que les Iesuites ont allegué des SS. Peres & Docteurs de l'Eglise, pour autoriser leurs pernicieuses maximes, est absolument faux & contraire à la doctrine de ces Saincts. S.l., (1658)-1659, 1-44, [2], 45-66, 73-120 pp., separate title leaf after p.44.

30. Belga percontator sive Francisci Profuturi... Sylvae Ducis, A. Wyngardum [S'Hertogenbosch], 1657, 15 [1] pp., smaller in size.

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The Rare first English Translation of Pascal's Pensées

8 PASCAL, Blaise. Monsieur Pascall's Thoughts, Meditations, and Prayers, Touching Matters Moral and Divine, As They Were Found in his Papers after his Death. Together with a Discourse upon Monsieur Pascall's Thoughts, Wherein is Shewn what was his Design. As also another Discourse On the

Proofs of the Truth of the Books of Moses. And a Treatise, Wherein is made Appear that there are Demonstrations of a different Nature, but as certain as those of Geometry, and that such may be given of the Christian Religion. Done into English by Jos. Walker. London: Jacob Tonson, 1688. 8vo (180 x 108 mm). [44], 1-268, [4], 269-375 [1] pp. Title within double-rule border, including initial blank leaf and the bifolium *S inserted before p.269. Bound in contemporary calf with little blind-ruling, later morocco spine label lettered in gilt (spine ends repaired, joints cracked but holding firmly), red-sprinkled edges. Text little browned only, occasional minor spotting and creasing, tiny rust-hole in text leaf S8 costing 2 or 3 letters, yellow stain towards lower corner of gatherings D4 to S6. Very good copy. (#003334) € 4500

Wing P-645; cf. PMM 152 (for first French edition). EXCEPTIONALLY RARE FIRST ENGLISH EDITION of Pascal's famous defence of Christianity, the Pensées sur la religion, published posthumously from papers found after the philosopher's death. Pascal's Pensées "has been the subject of endless controversy, as has Pascal's purpose and standpoint in writing them . . . It is, however, a book for which the enquiring mind has had solid reason to be grateful from its first imperfect publication to the present day." (PMM).

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Willibald Pirckheimer's copy with his bookplate cut by Albrecht Dürer

9 PLATO. Απαντα τα του Πλατωνος / Omnia Platonis opera. Venice: Aldus Manutius and Andreas Torresanus, September 1513. Two parts in one volume. Folio (306 x 201 mm). [32], 502, [2]; 439 [1] pp. Signatures: 112 24 a-z8 aa10 bb-hh8 ii4; A-DD8 EE4, with both blanks, 2/4 and ii4 present. Title in Greek and Latin, main text in Greek. Greek type 3bis: 90, Roman 12:90; 48 lines and headline. Aldine device (Fletcher no. f4) on title and colophon laf verso at end, capital spaces with guide letters. 17th century calf over thick boards, rebacked in late 19th century with brown morocco leather, renewed endpapers, dyed edges, spine with 5 raised bands, gilt ruling and lettering, gilt-stamped coat of arms of the Royal Society of London at foot (boards and raised bands rubbed, board edges worn, corners scuffed). Title dust-soiled and spotted, and with edge-chipping at head, occasional minor dust-soiling and spotting mostly to outer margins in places, first two gatherings with light brown staining at gutter and top margin, some small, unobtrusive wormholes in first and last leaves, final leaf EE4 attached to final flyleaf. Provenance: Willibald Pirckheimer* (large bookplate by Albrecht Dürer on front pastedown, 171 x 119 mm, with Latin, Hebrew and Greek headline, signed "Liber Bilibaldi Pirckheimer"); Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Arundel; Royal Society of London; Walter Ashburner, Florence (ink stamps to title and some pages elsewhere); Pierre Bergé (bookplate to first flyleaf), a few markings and ink annotations in Greek, likely in Pirckheimer's own hand. In all a very good, crisp and extremely wide-margined copy printed on strong paper and with important provenance. (#003389) € 75,000

EDITIO PRINCEPS OF PLATO'S WORKS IN GREEK AND WITH IMPORTANT PROVENANCE: The Pirckheimer--Earl of Arundel--Duke of Norfolk--Royal Society-Ashburner--Bergé copy. The Greek text was first printed in Venice by Aldus Manutius in September 1513 as part of the complete works of Plato edited by Marcus Musurus. This edition was also the basis for the Latin translation of the Pseudo-Platonic Demodokos (Dialogi Platonis Axiochus, see Aldus edition, part II p.390ff.) that the humanist Willibald Pirckheimer brought out in Nuremberg in 1523 with the printer Friedrich Peypus. Pirckheimer's teacher of Greek at Padua in 1490 was no other than Marcus Musurus, a Cretan, who edited several Greek Classics for Aldus including Plato's Opera for which "the transmitted text, though by no means perfect, was in a much better state than that of most authors, and therefore did not invite editorial intervention on the same scale. In the Laws Musurus is thought to have made few if any alterations to the text." (N.G. Wilson, p.151).

The works of Plato in general stand at the origin of the Western tradition of scientific inquiry as well as that of philosophical thought. Socrates, by his ceaseless and methodical questioning, reported in the dialogues, laid the foundation of the scientific method. Plato's own enthusiasm for mathematics and astronomy is evident in his works, and he was credited in Antiquity with having promoted the advance of geometry in particular. The Timaeus, which was available to the Latin Middle Ages in the 4th-century translation by Chalcidius, offered a cosmography, a theory of atomism, and a physiology that regarded the brain as the organ of consciousness. Marsilio Ficino's Latin translation of Plato's works was printed in Florence in 1484 and reprinted in Venice in 1491. The Aldine Plato in Greek was dedicated to the new Pope, Leo X. According to Aldus' preface, the edition was made possible by the humanist interests of Leo's father, Lorenzo il Magnifico. Lorenzo had sent Lascaris on a mission to the East. During the journey, Lascaris had discovered manuscripts of Plato on Mount Athos. Aldus refers to these "very old and trustworthy manuscripts." One of the interesting features of this remarkable book is the "Hymn to Plato," a stirring poem, written in a noble and lofty language. "In contents, it constitutes a moving appeal to the spirit of Plato so to inspire the Western European nations with love for the heritage of the ancient Greeks that they will speedily go to the aid of their descendants, whose harsh lot Musurus eloquently portrays in a lamentation on the destruction of liberty . . . aside from its literary merit, the poem may also be considered a unique contribution to the historiography of the last phase of the crusade which sought unsuccessfully to rescue the Greek East from

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the Turkish oppressor." (Geneakoplos). The address to Leo X also contains a review of the geographical discoveries made during the past 30 years, including a reference to America: the Pope is urged to send missionaries to all corners of the earth... and to "other races, discovered a few years ago in the Atlantic ocean by the Spaniards."

*The important woodcut bookplate of Willibald Pirckheimer (1470-1530), one of the earliest known and the first to feature Hebrew characters, was executed by Albrecht Dürer around 1503 (ref. Meder 280-1). It shows the marriage coat of arms of Pirckheimer and his wife Crescentia, a born Rieter. Above the two inclined shields in the shape of a stylized tart, showing on the one hand an uprooted birch and on the other a double-tailed siren, a stinging helmet rises frontally with a swinging helmet cover made of acanthus leaves. The torso of a bearded man with three birch leaves in his hair serves as a crest. The structure is supported by two winged putti. The frame is formed by cornucopia, a garland held by geniuses with an animal skull hanging in the middle, and a putti fight. In addition to the imprinted ownership notice that closes the woodcut at the bottom, the dedication "SIBI ET AMICIS.P." is integrated into the representation. A separate wooden stick is here applied above to add the script that contains "Fear of God is the origin of wisdom" in Hebrew, Greek and Latin. The bookplate was preserved and laid down on the new pastedown at the time the book was rebound on behalf of the Royal Society. It has minor loss by worming from previous boards and a torn lower right corner with loss of the final 3 letters of Pirckheimer's name. Pirckheimer, a German humanist, citizen of Nuremberg and close friend and patron of Albrecht Dürer, was one of the greatest book collectors of his time. He had no son and his heirs were his sister, Barbara Straeubing and his daughters. His sister died in 1560 and the splendid library came into the possession of Willibald Imhoff, who had married Pirckheimer's eldest daughter. In May 1636, at that time on an Embassy to the Emperor at Vienna, Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, purchased Pirckheimer's library during his stay in Nuremberg. "The chief event of Lord Arundel's stay at Nuremberg, was undoubtedly his purchase of the famous Dirkheimer Library" (M. Hervey, The Life Correspondence & Collections of Thomas Howard Earl of Arundel, p.364).

In 1667, through John Evelyn's efforts the library was presented to the fledgling Royal Society by the Earl's grandson, Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk. In 1873 the Royal Society sold off some of the duplicate books to Bernard Quaritch and disposed of the remainder on 4 May 1925 at Sotheby's auction in London, where our copy was sold to Frankfurt am Main based rare booksellers Joseph Baer & Co (lot 165). The company probably sold it to Walter Ashburner in Florence. Walter Ashburner (1864-1936), born in Boston, MA, studied Classics at Balliol College, Oxford from 1883 to 1887 and, after graduation, became a fellow of Merton College. In 1903 he retired and moved to Florence where he was one of those instrumental in the establishment of the British Institute of Florence in 1917. He returned to Oxford in 1926 as Professor of Jurisprudence but was forced to resign for reasons of health and returned to Florence where he died in February 1936. While in Italy, Ashburner pursued his academic interests, publishing a notable edition of Rhodian sea law in 1909 and a facsimile reproduction of an important Aristotle manuscript in 1927. He had a great love of books, particularly early printed works, and built an important collection, which was auctioned by Hoepli in Lucerne in 1938. Our copy however must have taken a different way as it is not included in the catalog of that sale. (Source: Univ. of Leeds special collections online resources).

LITERATURE: Norman 1714; PMM 27 (rem.); Ahmanson-Murphy 114; Clemons and Fletcher 17; Renouard Alde, 62:4; see Lowry, The World of Aldus Manutius, p.205; Wilson, From Byzantium to Italy, pp.151-2; Geanakoplos, Greek Scholars in Venice. Studies in the Dissemination of Greek Learning from Byzantium to Western Europe, 1962; Meder, Dürer-Katalog, 280-1; Sotheby's catalogue of valuable printed books sold by order of The President and Council of the Royal Society, May 4, 1925.

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10 PUFENDORF, Samuel. Elementorum Jurisprudentiae universalis, Libri II. Unà cum appendice de sphaera morali, & indicibus. Editio novissima & emendatissima. Cambridge: Joann. Hayes, 1672. 8vo (147 x 92 mm). [16], 350, [26] pp. Signatures: *⁸ A-Z⁸ 2A⁴. Title printed in red and black, two woodcut initials and one woodcut illustration in text, general index at end. Contemporary blind ruled and blind stamped calf, hand-lettered red paper spine label (joints partly split, boards rubbed, upper board with small hole in leather, extremities worn, corners scuffed and bumped). Light mostly marginal browning and dust-soiling, very minor occasional spotting. Provenance: James Ellis (inscription on title and rear flyleaf). Very good copy. (#003118) € 2000

Stintzing/Landsberg III/1. VERY RARE SECOND AND ENLARGED EDITION of the first of Pufendorf's three natural-legal works, a program study that already contains the author's entire doctrine. The importance of this work was rapidly realised. Both this Cambridge reprint and the The Hague first edition of 1660 were, for example, in John Locke's library.

11 QUETELET, Lambert Adolphe Jacques. A Treatise on Man and the development of his faculties; now first translated into English. Edinburgh: William and Robert Chambers, 1842. 8vo (248 x 155 mm). x, [5]-126 pp., text printed in two columns, 7 lithographed plates at end. Bound in 20th-century brown library cloth, gilt-lettered spine (minor rubbing to extremities, shelf number added to spine). Translator's name added in ink below title, small chip to lower corner of title, lightly browned throughout, light marginal dust-soiling. Provenance: Anatomy Dept. Library, Cambridge University. (#003300) € 1500

EXCEPTIONALLY RARE FIRST EDITION IN ENGLISH of "Sur l'homme et le développement de ses facultés", Quetelet's foundation work of social statistics. This edition, translated by Robert Knox, contains a new preface by the author to defend his work from objections brought against it subsequent to the publication of the Paris edition of 1835. Quetelet was among the first to apply statistics to social science. His goal was to understand the statistical laws underlying such phenomena as crime rates, marriage rates or suicide rates. He wanted to explain the values of these variables by other social factors. "With Quetelet's work . . . a new era in statistics began. It presented a new technique of statistics or, rather, the first technique at all. The material was thoughtfully elaborated, arranged according to certain preestablished principles, and made comparable . . . Quetelet's average man became a slogan in ninetheenth-century discussions on social science . . . Quetelet's impact on nineteenth century thinking can in a certain sense be compared with Descartes's in the seventeenth century" (DSB XI, p.237). This English edition is of great rarity. Only one other copy is recorded as having sold in the past 30+ years (Sothebys, 1992).

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Finely colored and illuminated in an early hand

12 SCHEDEL, Hartmann. Liber chronicarum. Nürnberg: Anton Koberger for Sebald Schreyer and Sebastian Kammermeister, 12. July 1493. Imperial Folio (430 x 305 mm). 325 (of 328) leaves (bound without first and final two blank leaves). Woodcut title, double-page maps and more than 1800 hand-colored woodcut illustrations printed from 645 blocks by Michael Wolgemut, Wilhelm Pleydenwurff

and their workshop, including Albrecht Dürer. Fol. I opening with a 14-line initial in blue, on a punched gold ground within green and red frame, with marginal extensions comprising interwining sprays and flowers in green, blue and pink in typical Koberger style; fol. CCLXVII with an 8-line opening initial finished in the same style. The opening initial of the table painted in red and blue with extending penwork, paragraph opening initials painted in red or red and blue. The text Rubricated throughout, with a few paragraph opening initials painted in red and capital strokes in red. Restored and recased in contemporary blind-tooled goatskin over thick wooden boards of the Cologne "Madonna II" workshop.** Brass clasps and catches preserved (leather straps gone), outer corners protected by brass fittings, spine rebacked preserving most of the original material, boards with patches restored. The printed paper with some spotting and thumbing, minor browning and some marginal pale dampstaining in places (the table at end stronger), minor marginal worming to last leaves, a few old ink annotations. Corner-damage to f.10, large tear to f.91 and repaired tear to f.183, soiling and marginal repairs to f.291. The double-page map of Europe soiled at margins and with minor repair. Title spotted and soiled, with marginal repairs and old inscription. A few leaves trimmed close at upper margin touching or slightly shaving headline. A full-page engraved family tree after A. Birnbaum (c. 1660) of Johann Georg I. of Saxony with city-view of Johanngeorgenstadt pasted on blank verso of f.266; f.169v with ink-cancelled paragraph; ff. 2, 5, 7 and the 3 foliated blanks supplied from another copy, ff. 2, 5 and 7 with typical Koberger coloring.

Provenances: Old inscriptions to title page "Ex Bibliotheca P. Zacharias Pieschel", a further illegible gothic inscription below and a paper snippet pasted at lower right corner; further inscribed "ex libris Equitis à Schönfeld" on paper strip mounted on front-pastedown, two paper snippets pasted below inscribed "Ex Collectione Incunabilis Principis à Wallensten," manuscript notes on title verso. From the library of Sandor Wolf.* (#003276) € 135,000

FIRST EDITION IN LATIN, AND HAND-COLORED THROUGHOUT. In contrast to the commonly found Koberger shop style of coloring with its dominating flashy red and blue, the colors in our copy are rather delicate and airy with pastel-shade ocher and green tones, none the less in a fine contemporary hand. The Nuremberg Chronicle is celebrated for its fine and numerous woodcut illustrations, to which Albrecht Dürer is believed to have contributed (see Wilson, The Making of the Nuremberg Chronicle, Amsterdam: 1976). It also includes two important double-page maps: a fine world map based on Mela's Cosmographia of 1482 (see Shirley 19), and a map of northern and central Europe by Hieronymus Münzer (1437-1508) after Nicolas Khyrpffs. The world map is one of only three 15th-century maps showing Portuguese knowledge of the Gulf of Guinea of about 1470. The map of Europe is closely associated with Nicolas of Cusa's Eichstätt map, with which it is thought to share a common manuscript source of c.1439-54. It is therefore claimed to be the first modern map of this region to appear in print. Although published later than the map of Germany in the 1482 Ulm Ptolemy, it was constructed earlier (see Campbell, The Earliest Printed Maps, 1472-1500, 1987). The publication history of the Nuremberg Chronicle is one of the best documented of any book printed of that period: the contracts between Schedel and his partners Schreyer and Kammermeister, and between Schedel and the artists, all survive in the Nuremberg Stadtsbibliothek, as do detailed manuscripts of both the Latin and the German editions. The two editions were planned simultaneously, but the German issue was published five months after this Latin.

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* Our copy comes from the library of the Austrian (Eisenstadt, Burgenland) collector, art patron and wine merchant Sandor Wolf (1871-1946). His important art collection served as the basis of the Burgenland State Museum, which he co-founded (see stamp of the Eisenstadt Museum on fol. 48). In 1938 Wolf fled with his sister Frieda Löwy to Palestine, where he bought a country estate in Haifa and where he died in 1946. His sister inherited the collection and library and after an agreement with officials in 1957, part of the collection was acquired by the State of Burgenland and the rest of the collection auctioned 1958 in Lucerne by Galerie Fischer (see catalog number 157, sale June 29, 1958).

**The "Madonna II" workshop (EBDB w002540, active in Cologne from 1500 to 1509) is identified by the characteristic single stamps used for the blind-tooling, with stamps "Adler" (EBDB s017709), "Rosette" (EBDB s017715), "Knospe" (EBDB s017722) and "Staude" (EBDB s017723). See www.hist-einband.de

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The Martin Breslauer copy

13 SENEFELDER, Alois. Vollständiges Lehrbuch der Steindruckerey : enthaltend eine richtige und deutliche Anweisung zu den verschiedenen Manipulations-Arten derselben in allen ihren Zweigen und Manieren, belegt mit den nöthigen Musterblättern, nebst einer vorangehenden ausführlichen Geschichte dieser Kunst von ihrem Entstehen bis auf gegenwärtige Zeit. München/Wien: Karl Thienemann/Karl Gerold, 1818. Two parts (text and atlas) in one volume. 4to (278 x 213 mm). xiv, [2], 1-72, 75-98, 97-370, [2] pp. Some mispaginations: p. 73-74 skipped, p. 97-98 repeated in numbering. Second part with 20 lithographic plates (two in colors) including title "Sammlung von mehreren Musterblättern." Each plate separated by tissue guard. Bound in early 20th century three-quarter brown morocco over marbled boards, spine with 5 raised bands, gilt lettering and tooling, red sprinkled edges (extremities slightly rubbed, boards little scratched). Text generally quite crisp and bright with only little occasional foxing of text, first title tanned, minor dust- and finger soiling in places. Provenance: Martin Breslauer, his sale at Christie's NY, 2005 (Lot 1091, Bibliotheca Bibliographica Breslaueriana, Part III), the Whitehead Library (sticker to front pastedown). Collated and complete. A fine, wide-margined copy. (#003472) € 39,000

FIRST EDITION, and exceptionally rare with all plates present, of Alois Senefelder's "A complete Course of Lithography." The book is both a history of lithography, Senefelder's discovery, processes & techniques, and also

an extremely detailed how-to manual. The 20 specimens (by several different lithographers as well as Senefelder) demonstate the range and versatility of Senefelder's techniques. They are engraved, etched, sprinkled, chalk, pen & ink, wood engraving, transfer, tinted, and color printed. The Atlas title-page looks like copperplate and the wood engraving is an amazing reproduction of a Bewick. There's a map and transfers of art and of leaves from old books. Two plates show plans of lithographic presses.

Die Tafeln sind von Senefelder selbst sowie von J. E. Mettenleiter (Titel), A. Falger (3), I. Schramm (1), Clemens bzw. Thomas Senefelder (je 1), E. Stuntz (1) u. L. Zertahelly (3). Sie veranschaulichen die verschiedenen Techniken der Lithographie (Kreide, Feder, Tondruck, Steingravur, Farbdruck etc.) und ihre Anwendung zur Wiedergabe von Gemälden, Kupferstichen, Porträts, Zierschrift, Faksimile, Landkarten, techn. Zeichnungen u. dergl. mehr. Abgebildet u.a. eine Ansicht von

Landeck in Tirol, Wiedergabe eines Widmungsblattes (bei Borst abgebildet), Darstellungen von 3 verschiedenen Steindruckpressen auf 2 Tafeln, Landkarte der Umgebung von München, Wiedergabe eines Psalterblattes in Farbdruck, Turnierreiter 1541 in Gold, Silber u. Schwarz gedruckt u. zusätzlich koloriert, etc.

References: PMM (1963) I624; Twyman, Lithography, 1800-1850, pp. 96-108, plates 12, 15-31; Winkler 711, 32-41; Borst 1298; Bigmore/W. II, 339.

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First appearance of the term "enyclopaediae"

14 SKALICH, Paul [SCALIGER, Paulus]. Encyclopaediae, seu Orbis disciplinarum, tam sacrarum quàm prophanarum, Epistemon: Pauli Scalichij de Lika . . . Eiusdem, Theses mysticae philosophiae. Eulogus, seu de anima separata, eiusque passione. De iusticia aeterna . . . Encomium scientiarum. Basel: J. Oporinus, 1559. 4to (234 x 161 mm). 755 [1], [60] pp. Two folding woodcut tables, historiated woocut initials, general index bound at end. Signatures: a-z4, A-3Z4, 4A-4K4. Text in Latin, Greek and Hebraic;

final leaf blank. Bound in contemporary blind-ruled and blind-stamped pigskin, spine lettered in red manuscript and with old paper shelfmark sticker (leather chipped at place of lettering, spotted and soiled, boards bend outwards, leather somewhat rubbed, corners bumped), brown-dyed edges. Text with even light browning, narrow band of light brown-staining at top margin throughout, old paper repair of upper corner of gathering o, a few annotations and text markings in ink, occasional spotting and foxing. Provenance: Wendelin Obendorff (Brigiensis), Frankfurt, April 17, 1566 (inscription on front pastedown); Miltenberg Franciscan Convent (old ink stamp on title and final text page). A very good copy in neat contemporary binding. (#003453) € 14,000

VD16 S 6616; Collison, Encyclopaedias 79 f. - FIRST EDITION, and exceptionally rare, of the main scientific work of the Croatian humanist, polymath and adventurer Pavao Skalic (1534 - 1575), and at the same time the first work to include the term encyclopaedia in its current meaning. "Paul Scalich - also known as Paul Skalich, Paul Scaliger, Paulus Scalichius de Lika, and as Count Scalitzius - had a life that in its adventures and intrigue closely resembled that of Cellini and Casanova. His 'Encycloaedia' (Basle 1559) was a poor piece of compilation and is chiefly important nowadays for its

successful introduction of the word 'Encyclopaedia'. Within the next hundred years the word encylopaedia came to be very generally accepted throughout Western Europe" (Collison).

Further contents: (2) Theses Mysticae Philosophiae. (3) Eulogus, seu de anima separata, eiusq[ue] passione. (4) De iusticia aeterna, seu uera promissione, gradatio. (5) Exilium seu de uera Christi doctrina, & de sola fide iustificante, Ephesia disputatio. (6) De chorea monachorum, seu coetu Antichristi. (7) De labiryntho Romani Antichristi. (8) De illustrium origine. (9) Reuolutio alphabetaria, seu perfectissima ad omne genus scientiarum methodus. (10) Dialectia contemplatiua, ad consequendos scientiarum habitus perquam utilis ac necessaria. (11) Conclusiones, in omni genere scientiarum, mille quingentae quinquaginta tres, olim Bononiae primum, deinde Romae propositae, De mundo archetypo. Intellectuali, coelesti, elementali, minore, & infernali. (12) Dialogus de missa. (13) Glossa in trigintaduos articulos canonis missae, ex Apostolo. (14) Epistola ad Romanum Antichristum. (15) Encomium scientiarum.

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15 SMITH, Adam. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. . . To which is added a dissertation on the origin of languages. London: printed for W. Strahan, J. & F. Rivington, W. Johnston, T. Longman, and T. Cadell, and W. Creech, 1774. 8vo (207 x 127 mm). [8], 476 (i.e. 478), [2] pp. including advertisement leaf at end, p. 478 misnumbered 476, leaves D7 and D8 have signatures and are possibly cancels. Contemporary English tree calf, plain spine with rich gilt decoration and gilt-lettered morocco label (joints repaired, extremities rubbed, corners and spine ends scuffed). Small pale dampstain to upper

outer corner of some pages at beginning, but generally clean and unmarked. Provenance: Matilda Hoissard (inscription on front pastedown); Mr. Ree (letter from Richard Oley, bookseller in South Shields to owner loosely attached). A very good wide-margined copy in original binding. (#003388) € 4200

ESTCT95116; Alston III, 825; Kress 5815; Goldsmith 9537 (both for 1st ed.) - THE VERY RARE FOURTH EDITION. Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments is drawn from his course of lectures while he was a professor of philosophy at Glasgow Univrsity. "The work received wide acclaim and so impressed the stepfather of the young duke of Buccleuch that he invited Smith to become the duke's tutor, with the promise of a pension for life. . . The greater part of the Theory of Moral Sentiments is an account of moral psychology. . . The mainstay of Smith's moral psychology is sympathy. . . Smith characterizes the mechanism of sympathy in this way: 'Whatever is the passion which arises from any object in the person principally concerned, an analogous emotion springs up at the thought of this situation, in the breast of every attentive spectator'. . . Smith argues that if the appearance of grief or joy, for example, arouses similar feelings in us, it is because these feelings suggest to us the general idea of some good or evil that has befallen the person in whom we observe them" (Encyclopedia of Philosophy VII, pp. 461ff). "The Theory of Moral Sentiments was [first] published in April 1759 and at once brought Smith something more than local fame. It was

hailed by David Hume in typical ironic manner: 'I proceed to tell you the melancholy news', he wrote from London, 'that your book has been very unfortunate: for the public seem disposed to applaud it extremely'" (Mossner. Adam Smith: The Biographical Approach, p. 12).

16 SMITH, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. London: Printed for A. Stahan, and T. Cadell Jun. and W. Davies (Successors to Mr. Cadell), 1796. Three volumes. 8vo (213 x 130 mm). [2], x, 499 [1]; [2], vi, 518, [6]; vii [1], 465 [1], [50] pp., including half-title to each volume, appendix to vol. II, general index at end of vol. III. Bound in contemporary full sheep, smooth spines with gilt-lettered red morocco labels, green circular morocco numbering pieces, gilt bands (spines and extremities slightly rubbed, corners somewhat bumped). Internally clean with very light even browning and occasional very minor spotting. Provenance: The Chisholm (bookplate to front pastedown of each vol.); Peter Harrington bookseller (label loosely inserted). A very pretty set in untouched original bindings. (#003129) € 3500

Goldsmiths' 16558; cf. PMM 221 (first edition). - EIGHTH EDITION, which reprints the introductions to the third and fourth editions. Adam Smith (1723-1790) spent ten years in the writing and perfecting of The Wealth of Nations. "The book succeeded at once, and the first edition was exhausted in six months ... Whether it be true or not, as Buckle said, that the 'Wealth of Nations' was, 'in its ultimate results, probably the most important that had ever been written' ... it is probable that no book can be mentioned which so rapidly became an authority

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both with statesmen and philosophers" (DNB). "The history of economic theory up to the end of the nineteenth century consists of two parts: the mercantilist phase which was based not so much on a doctrine as on a system of practice which grew out of social conditions; and the second phase which saw the development of the theory that the individual had the right to be unimpeded in the exercise of economic activity. While it cannot be said that Smith invented the latter theory ... his work is the first major expression of it. He begins with the thought that labour is the source from which a nation derives what is necessary to it. "The improvement of the division of labour is the measure of productivity ... Labour represents the three essential elements - wages, profit and rent - and these three also constitute income. From the workings of the economy, Smith passes to its matter 'stock' which encompasses all that man owns either for his own consumption or the return it brings him. The Wealth of Nations ends with a history of economic development, a definitive onslaught on the mercantile system, and some prophetic speculations on the limits of economic control. Where the political aspects of human rights had taken two centuries to explore, Smith's achievement was to bring the study of economic aspects to the same point in a single work. The Wealth of Nations is not

a system, but as a provisional analysis it is completely convincing. The certainty of its criticism and its grasp of human nature have made it the first and greatest classic of modern economic thought" (PMM).

17 STEUART, Sir James. An inquiry into the principles of political oeconomy: being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. London: for A. Millar, and T. Cadell, 1767. 4to (288 x 232 mm). Two volumes. [2], [v]-xv [1], [12], 639 [1]; [16], 646, [14] pp., including general index and separate errata leaf at end of vol. II, folding letterpress tables to rear of both volumes, bound without the initial blank in vol. I as usual, lacking initial flyleaf in vol. II. Uniformily bound in contemporary polished calf, each spine with 5 raised bands, rebacked and recornered with new leather, gilt-lettered morocco labels

and gilt ruling; boards with old gilt ruling (boards rubbed and scratched, extremities worn with edge chipping, cords of book block of vol. I broken at one point and with a few gatherings starting to detach), original pastedowns/endpapers present. Text with light even browning throughout as usual (preliminaries a bit stronger), occasional minor spotting and soiling, second title a bit soiled and browned at outer margins from leather turn-ins and missing flyleaf, prelim. leaf A3 in vol. II with small dampstain to fore-margin. Provenances: The Library Company of Philadelphia and Arnold Heertje (bookplates to front-pastedowns). Very good set. (#003355) € 8500

Blaug, Great Economists before Keynes pp.241-242; Einaudi 1527; Goldsmiths' 10276; Kress 6498; Higgs 3968; Palgrave III, pp.475-476; Schumpeter History of Economic Analysis p.176. FIRST EDITION of the most complete and systematic survey of economics from the point of view of moderate mercantilism which can be considered a culmination of economic thought before Adam Smith. "In the Principles, Steuart made

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notable contributions to economic theory: the historical analysis of the origins of the exchange economy, where he (like Adam Smith) was influenced by David Hume; to the theory of economic development with its emphasis on the importance of interdependent sectors; to the theory of competitive price, and, most notably, to the treatment of money and banking" (ODNB). "Steuart had the misfortune to be followed by Adam Smith in less than a decade. Otherwise [his Inquiry] would probably have served as the standard English economic text" (Carpenter). Its later influence "proved to be most considerable on the continent. During the 1770s the text was translated into German (twice), and into French in 1789. One authority has noted that "until the final decade of the eighteenth century, Sir James Steuart's Inquiry was better known and more frequently cited than Smith's Wealth of Nations" (Tribe, p. 133).

From the Hans Fürstenberg library and in its first binding

18 VERGILIUS MARO, Publius. Opera [with the commentary of Servius]. Venice: Antonio di Bartolommeo da Bologna (Miscomini), October 1476. Folio (340 x 235 mm). 291 (of 292) leaves, lacking the final blank leaf only. Roman type 4:78R, 63 lines. Signatures: a-y10 z8 A8, <1-5>10 <6-10>10 <11-15>10 <16-20>10 <21-24>8 <25-28>8. Rubricated throughout with capital strokes and initials opening

paragraphs painted in red. Deckle edges entirely preserved. Bound by an unidentified, most probably German, bindery (single fleur-de-lys stamps not listed in EDBD) in goatskin over wooden boards, ruled and stamped in blind. Two original brass catch-plates on upper board and one pin-plate on rear board present, old rebacking with most of the original spine leather preserved, boards with a few patches of leather restored; old endpapers, leather tabs and quire guards preserved (leather rubbed and crackled, extremities slightly worn). Bound in as first flyleaf is a slightly smaller leaf of parchment, lacking the rear flyleaf. Copiously annotated throughout in a 16th-century Latin hand, including several text corrections. Internally crisp and bright with little marginal dust- and finger-soiling, occasional very minor spotting, a few marginal paper flaws, brown spot at fore-margin of a few final leaves. The bifol. e5^6 working loose. An outstanding, unsophisticated, crisp and unpressed copy in its first binding. Provenances: ink inscriptions on front pastedown and first two flyleaves, in several hands of the 16th and early 17th centuries, one by an Adrianus Lintermans of Benedictine's St Trudo's Abbey (Limburg, Belgium) dated 21 Sept. 1617; Hans Fürstenberg Library (ex-libris on front pastedown), sold at Hotel Drouot Paris, 16 Nov.

1983 (lot 62, 23,000 Frs). 16th-century handwritings, mostly probationes pennae, are found on the parchment flyleaf, including "Charles par la divine clémence Empereur des Rommains" and on verso an aphorism from Martial's Epigrammata "rebus in angustis facile est contemnere vitam; fortiter ille facit qui miser esse potest." (#003344) € 49,000

RARE EARLY EDITION OF THE WORKS OF THE GREATEST LATIN POET, beautifully printed in two very fine and clear Roman types. This is one of only five books which Antonio Miscomini (or Antonio di Bartolommeo da Bologna) printed in Venice (Offizin 21) between 1476 and 1478. The date 1486 in the colophon is beyond all question a printer's error. The matter is discussed in the introduction to the British Museum Catalogue, Vol. V. (see Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Typenrepertorium der Wiegendrucke, ma08692). Virgil was already celebrated in his own lifetime, and his poetry has continued to be revered over the centuries for its majesty, sense of nobility, and technical perfection. The Aeneid is accepted as a national epic and a foundation stone of western literature

Catalogue 04-2021 Copyright © 2021 Milestones of Science Books. All rights reserved Page 22 of 26

and thought. Dante himself regarded Virgil as 'our greatest poet' and cast him as a Christian prophet and his guide to the Gates of Paradise in the Divine Comedy. Ours is the second edition to include the commentary of Servius (first printed in an Opera the year before by Rubeus). His commentary relied greatly on Aelius Donatus, though he names him only when he disagrees with him. The principle stress is on matters of grammar, rhetoric and style, as the commentary was mainly intended for school purposes.

References: Copinger 6044; GW M49821; BMC V, 240 (u. S. XVII zur Datierung); Goff V-167; USTC 990007; Stillwell V,149 (lists eight copies); W.A.Copinger, Incunabula Virgiliana. In: Transactions of the Bibliographical Society 2(1893–94) pp. 123–226; M.Davies & J.Goldfinch, Vergil: A Census of Printed Editions 1469–1500, London 1992; C.Kallendorf, A Bibliography of the Early Printed Editions of Virgil 1469–1850, New Castle (Del.) 2012; G.Mambelli, Gli annali delle edizioni virgiliane, Firenze, 1954; Ader Picard Tajan, Hotel Drouot, Incunables et livres anciens provenant de la Fondation Fürstenberg-Beaumesnil, Paris 1983.

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