lournal of Gco:::.clence:::.. O:::.aka Clty Unlverdty

Vol. 9， Art. 3

March. 1966

Catalogue of the Late Cenozoic Proboscidea in the

Kinki District， Japan. *

Nobuo IKEBE**， Manzo CHIJI*** & Shiro ISHIDA****

(With 1 Table， 1 Textfigure & 8 Plates)

Introduction

The late Cenozoic formations (Pliocene-Pleistocene) distributed in the Kinki

District， Central Honsyu， ]apan have attracted attentions of ]apanese geologists

with bearing many fossil elephants and plant remains. The fossi1 elephants are

frequently found also from the bottom sediments of Osaka Bay， the Setouchi Inland Sea (Setonaikai) and their vicinities.

In the present work， a1110calities of these fossil elephants hitherto been known in the Kinki district are exarnined and the stratigraphic succession of these elephant-

bearing horizons are summerized.

The writers wish to express their sincere thanks to Professor Emeritus ].

MAKIYAMA and Assistant Professor T. KAMEI of th.e University of Kyoto for their

valuable suggestions. Thanks are also due to Mr. Y. TSUTSUI， the ex-director of Osaka Museum of Natural History for his kind encouragements to this study.

Standard stratigraphy of the late Cenozoic in the Kinj{l DistrIct

The late Cenozoic formation in the area around Osaka Bay may provide the

standard stratigraphic column in the Kinki district.

The late Cenozoic formations are well exposed at cli妊sand road-cuttings in the

hilly lands surrounding Osaka Bay. These formations comprise the Osaka group

(Late Pliocene-P1eistocene)， the Manchidani formation and the terrace deposits

(Pleistocene)， in ascending order (1τ'IHARA， 1961). The Miocene formations are

exposed in the western part (Kδbe area) and some small areas of the eastern part.

The Miocene formation of the western part is caUed the Kδbe group and those of the eastern part， the Nijδgroup. The Miocene formations are unconformably over

lain by the Osaka group. In the area of Osaka City and its vicinity， where the alluvial delta deposits are widely distributed， the existence of the above mentioned

Miocene-Pleistocene formations below the alluvium was ascertained by severaI

boring wel1s (maximum depth of these borings is 907m).

The Kobe and the Nijo Group ::-These formations are considered as the base-

* Contribution from the Department of Geosciences. No. 167.

** Department of Geosciences， Faculty of Science. Osaka City University.

料 c*， The Osaka Museum of Natural History.

**料 TheInstitute of Geology and Mineralogy， Faculty of Science. University of Kyoto.

47

、

48 Nohuo lKEBE， Manzo CHIJI & Shiro ISHIDA

ment for the late Cenozoic formations in the Osaka sedimentary basin. The Osaka group， however， covers pre-Tertiary rocks directly in almost all part of the mar-

ginal areas of the basin. The Kobe group is exposed in the vicinity of Kobe City and in the northern

part of the Awaji Island. The group consists of conglomerates， sandstones， mud-stones and vi tric tu妊s，the last of which yield abundant plant fossils showing the

late Miocene age. The Nijo group is mainly exposed in the small area around Mt. Nijo located

at the south-eastern border of Osaka Prefecture. This group consists of lavas

and pyroclastics of many kinds of andesite， and sedimentaries， such as conglo-merate， sandstone and mudstone. The Ishikiriba andesite (biotite andesite)， one of the lower members of this group was dated as 21土1million years by the

K-A method. The upper part of the Nijδgroup， though not wel1 developed in the Mt. Nijo

area， may widely distributed as wel1 as the Kobe group below the Osaka group

at Osaka City， as suggested by boring wel1s.

The Osaka Group:'- The Osaka group consists of gravel， sand， silt， clay and their alternations， and is intercalated with some thin tuff beds in various horizons. Generally， the lower part is more predominated with coarse sediments than the upper part. Eight conspicuous marine clay beds in which contain marine diatoms

and， in places， mari:ne mol1uscs are intercalated in this group (especial1y in the upper part)， in the m:arginal area of the sedimentary basin. Th'ese marine cIay beds mentioned above are named "Ma 1， Ma 2， Ma 3， ............， Ma 7 and Ma 8" respectively， in ascending order (ITIHARA， 1961). In Osaka City， Ma 9 and Ma 10

clays are recognized in the uppermost part of the Osaka group， in the boring well. The group， in general， is divided into two parts， the Upper and the Lower part， by the remarkable tu妊 bed，called the Azuki tuff， in tercala ted i~n the Ma 3

clay. In the Senriyama Hill， north of Osaka City (the type locality of the group)， this group consists of the Senriyama formation (lower) and the Ibaragi forma-tion (upper). These two formations are bounded with the Yamada tuff inter-calated in tqe Ma 2 clay， about 20m below the Az，uki ttllJf.

The Manchidani Formation and the terrace deposits:- The Manchidani forma-tion overlies the Osaka group unconformably or with diastem at the type area.

This formation consists of poorly sorted gravelly sediments which rarely inter-calating si1t and clay beds. At Manchidani， Nishinomiya City (the type locality)， this is divided into three members. The miadle member includes the “L，arix bed" regarded by MrKI as indicating the past cooler cHmate. The distribution of this formation is uncertain except in the type area.

In the area around Osaka Bay， the terraces are distributed at three different levels. The height of the High， Middle and Low terraces are 30-200m， 0-100m and 0-50m， respectively. The High terrace deposits are divided into the older the Harima formation and the younger the Kiyotani formation. The deposits forming the Middle terrace is cal1ed the Uemachi formation and considered to have been deposited in the convalescence of climate in a interglacial age. In places， the plant remains showing the cold climate are found from the lowest part of this

49

The warm marine molluscan fauna， contrary， are contained in the

of this formation. The Low terrace deposits are caUed the Itami

The plant remains indicating the slightly cold climate， contained in this reported from the southern area of Osaka Prefecture.

Distribution of fossil elephants

Catalogue 01 the Late Cenozotc Pγoboscideαin the Kinki District， Jα-金制

upper parts

formation.

formation were

formation.

of 10-15m in height， facing upper part of the Akashi formation is

Nishiyagi bed (Middle terrace). The

part of the Osaka group is composed

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t { J ! 回酢:" 起Ble句phasshige 悶 is

- ，.'戸(.~~.JJ/.{.へ一.ノムパ+:Stegodonorienta11s...M山 r_./' ......r'-・J-J'Fイ 1

」・JL二二~ィ し↓・:S切 godon・・……・・…lncisor

*: Stegodon shodoensis shodoensis t s. shodocn:Jls nksshlensis， S. sUGiya~a~ ....Molar and othcrs

x:Stegodon elephantoldes， s. cf. elcphantoidcs ....1101nT

Distribution of fossil elephants in the Kinki District，

lV : Wakayama Pref.

; Katada，

: Fujiwara. 24 : Komyo-ike.

N : Nara City.

4 ; Ichimiya. Tomogashima Is.

1 : Hyδgo Pref. 111: Osaka Pref. IlI; Kyoto Pref. V : Nara Pref. VI: Shiga Pref. VII: Mie Pref. A : Akashi City， K: Kobe City， M: Kyoto City，

o : Osaka City， T; Tsu City， W: Wakayama City 1 : Ejima Is. 2: Takasago City， 3: Harima-nada. 5 : Goshiki， 6: Naruto City， 7: Sumoto City. 8: 9 : Kishiwada City， 10 Ashiya City & Nishinomiya City. 11 : Toyonaka City， 12: Suita City， 13: Ibaragi City， 14 15 : Kawai， 16: Taga， 17: Ayama， 18: Kameyama， 19 20 : Kasada， 21: Suzuka City， 22: Kawage. 23: Geino，

Tarumi gravel， the Hayashizaki clay， the Taniyagi gravel or the Fujie Byδbugaura clay and the Hi，gashifutami sand in ascending order. Molars

godoll shodoensis akashiellsis (T A1仁AI，1936) (Parastegodon akaslziensis T AKAI) were

recorded from the Byδbugaura clay. Molars and incisors of " Parastegodon akashi・

ensis" and the molars， spinal columns， limbs， ribs and other bones of Stegodon

sand， the of Ste-

、

50 Nobuo IKEBE. Manzo CHIJI & Shiro ISHIDA

sugiyamai (TOKUNAGA， 1936) were recorded from the Hayas.hizaki clay. On the

other hand， molars of Elψhas naumannz' MA.KIYAMA， 1924 were con@'Cted from the Nishiyagi bed belonging to the Middle terrace deposits in this blu妊 (Fig. 1，

Loc. A).

Awaji Island:- In Awaji Island， the late Cenozoic formations consist of the

Awaji formation and terrace deposits. The Awaji formation belonging to the Lower part of the Osaka group yields some specimens of Stegodon shodoensis， S.

shodoensis akashiensis or S. sugり)amaiin this island.

Osaka Area:- In this area， no record of the fossi1 elephant had been known unti1 the recent years， ex，cept the incisor of Elφhas (?) from the Ibaragi forma-

tion belonging to the Upper part of the Osaka group (Fig. 1， Loc. 11). Recently， the writers could obtain some specimens of molars of fossil elephants， mentioned below. A left lower jaw with 3M of Stegodon sugiyamai was collected from the lower part of the Senriyama formation in Suita City (Fig. 1， Loc. 12) ;“Elφhas .shi-gensis" was fron1 the upper part of the Senriyama formation (about 25m below the Ma 1 clay) in Ibaragi City， and from thle uppermo'st part of the same for-

mation (in the Ma 2 clay) in Izumi City (Fig. 1， Loc. 13， 24). According to KAMEI， this form is identical with ArchtdiskodonρωI'amanmmonteus shigensis which was reported from Shiga-cho， Shiga Prefecture. The writers consider that the horizon

bearing Stegodon sugzyamai mentioned above， is correlatable to the Hayashizaki

clay of the Akashi formation in the AkasJu ，area. The writers kn，ew the occur-

rence of the insisot of Stegodon (?) and of the fragment of rnolar of Elφhas naumanni in Ashiya City (Fig. 1， Loc. 10). The former Stegodon (?) was contained

in the Koyδen formation correlated to the Senriyama formation. While the latter E. naumanni was found from the terrace deposit， now ，elevCl_ted at. about 400m above sea-level， by the late Pleistocene crustal mov，em，ent (the Rokke Move-ment).

Osaka Bay， Eastern Setouchi Inland Sea and their vicinities:- Many records of the fossi1 elephants were from the bottom sediments in these areas.

About 250 specimens of lower jaws，upper jawsp molars，indsors，spinal lCOIll"

mns， limbs， ribs， etc. of Elφhas naumanni have been col1ected、 fromthe sea-obttoa， about 1.5km north of Tomogashima Islands located on the mouth of Osaka Bay， at depth of 70m (Fig. 1， Loc. 8). From data obtained by the Geological Survey of Japan and Osaka City University with the Continuous Seismic Profiler method， HUZITA considered that this elephant-bearing formation may belong to the Man-chidani formation (HUZITA & KAMATA， 19;64). On th'e otber hand， IT1HARA presurned that the Pleistocene deposit contain these foS'sils is included in the Uemati for-mation， considering the geological structure of the Pleistocene deposits in the surrounding land area (ITIHAR.A， 1961 b).

The sea-bottom of the Naruto Strait between Awaji and Shikoku Island and its vicinity are well known lQcalities yielding fossil elephants. Many specimens of the lower jaws， molars， incisors， ribs， limbs and other bones of Eleρhas nau-mannz have been recorded (Fig. 1， Loc. 6). These fossils have been eroded out from the drowned terraces， exposed in the sea-bottom.

Many specimens of Stegodon shodoensis， Stegodon shodoensis akashiensis and

Catalogue 01 the Late Cenozoic Pγoboscもdeain the K inki Distγict， Ja一台a悦 も1

Etethas naumanni were coUected from the sea-bottom of Harimanada (Eastern

Setouchi Inland Sea).

O妊 Akashi，many specimens of molars， incisors， lower jaws， cranium and other bones of Stegodon shodoensis akashiensis and Stegodon sugiyamaz'， together with some molars and incisors of Etφhas nau11包annz'，were collected from the sea-bottom (Fig. 1， Loc. 3). The upper jaw with both molars of Etφhas naumanni was found from the sea-bottom， 0妊 TakasagoCity (Fig. 1， Loc. 2). A molar of Etφhas naumanni was also from the sea-bottom， south of Ejima Island (Fig. 1， Loc. 1).

Molars and incisors of Stegodon shodoensis were obtained from the sea-bottom off

northern Awaji Island (Fig. 1， Loc. 4).

Shiga Area:- In the southern part of Shiga Prefecture and a part of Mie

Prefecture， the late Cenozoic formation which had been deposited in the ancient

Lake Biwa are widely distributed and exposed in the hilly lands， with terrace deposits. This formation is called the Ko*-Biwako Group， which is divided into the Iga formation， the Sayama formation and the Katada formation in ascending order.

Six localities yielding fossil elephants were recorded. Four of these are in

the southern part of Shiga-gun， southwest side of Lake Biwa. One specimen

of the 1ow，er jaw of Stegodon orientatis OWEN 1870 was from the Katada formation belonging to the upper part of the Kobiwako group (Fig. 1， Loc. 14) (NAUMANN， 1882 : MAKIYAMA， 1938).

勘MA.TSUMOTO and OZAK即Irepoο、V吋、，

MAτT‘SUMOτT‘o and OZAK阻11959， from the Katada formation at Ono， Shiga--cho (Fig. 2， Loc. 14). Oth..er examples of this form are from the horizons somewhat upper

than that of Stegodon orientalis， at Katada-cho and Sagawa (Fig. 2， Loc. 14). These were considered as a variety of Ele_ρhas naumanni by the senior author (IKEBE， 1~:l59) . Now， it seems better to unite the above forms in one species

“Eleρhas shigensisぺThe molar of Eleρhas naumanni (=E. trogontherii， MAKIYAMA 1924， E. nama-

dicus naumanni， MAKIYAMA 1938) was reported by MAKIYAMA， from Kyutoku， near Hikone City (Fig. 1， Loc. 16). As the specimen were said to be collected from Recent riv，er gravels， it is difficult to know its primary occurrence.

In Ayama-mura， Mie Prefecture， the incisor of Stegodon (?) was coUected from the Iga Formation， the lower part of the Kobiwako group (Fig. 1， Loc. 17).

Mie area:- In this area， the late Cenozoic formations yielding fossil elephants are named the An'ge Group (formerly known as Age group). The lower part of this Ange group is intercalated by many tuff beds and is correlated to the Quartz andesite member of the upper part of the Nijo group of the Osaka area. We have no record of fossil elephants from this horizon which considered to be the late Miocene (or early Pliocene).

Stegodon cf. ele.ρhantoides (CLIFT 1828) was reported from three localities in the Kameyama formation which occupies the middle part of the Ange group

* C C Ko-" means paleo or ancient.

elephant in

& Shiro ISHIDA

of fossil

CHIJI

and

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stratigraphy

IKEBE，

Cenozoic

Nobuo

Late Table

52

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Catatogue of the Late Ce:γtozoic Plγoboscidea in the Kiγzki Dist:γもct，Japa:れ もミ

(Fig，. 1， Loc. 18， 22" 23). Among these 1ocalities， Kawage-cho" Ange-gun， near Kam'eyama City (Fig. 1， Luc. 23) is especially noted in yie，lding many specimens

of ，S:tegodo，n cf. elej.うhantoides.

Stegodo:n shodo of恥M白iePrefecture (Fig，. 1， Loc. 19， 20). These fossi1s were contained in the Oizumi

formation， the upper part of th:e Ange Group. In these， a lot of specimens were

found at Fujiwara-mura， Inabe-gun (Fig，. 1， LoC'. 19). The specimens are w'el1

pres'erv'ed ones and consist of the cranium， lower jaw" ribs， spinal colum'fls， limbs etc. These slpecimens、 arepreserved in the Mie Prefectural Mu.seum， Tsu City.

A fr.agm，ent of molar of St，egodon sp. wa~" liecorded from the formation corres-

ponded to the Oizumi fQifmation， in Suzuka City (Fig，. 1， Loc. 21).

Stratig~aphic succession

By checking these fossi1s and their geological occurrences (Table 1)， the wri-ters obtained the following stratigFaphic succession lof the elephant-bearing hori-

zons in the Kinki Distriot.

Horizon V - Elφhas naumanni (Upper Pleistocene)

Horizon N- “Elethas shigensis"? (Middle Pleistoeene)

“'Eleρhas shigensis " (Midd】e'"'-'LowerPleIstQcene) Horizon Ill-~

Steg'odon orientalis Stegodon shodoensis

J S，. shodoensis ，akashiensis (Plio-Pleistocene) Horizon n -~ (Parastegodon akashiensis)

S. sugiyamai Horizon l' - Stegodon cf. e1e.ρhantoz'dlω (Pliocene)

The occurrences of St，egodon and EIφhas from Harimanada and those of other

parts of Setouchi Inland Sea suggest the wide distribution of the above mentioned

formations comprising Horizon 11-V in the sea-bottom. It seems that the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary is comprised in the Horizon

11. Because the appearence of the fioral change from warm to cool or cold climate is recognized in this horizon. We have some possibilities that the Plio-Pleistocene

boundary wil1 be settled at the base of this horizon.

List of species

Elephαsnαumαnni MAKIYAMA 1924 (Plates VI， VII & VIII) E. namadicus naumanni MAKIYAMA 1924 ; E. namadz.cus naumanni， MAKIYAMA 1938 ; E. trogontheパム MAKIYAMA1924.

1) Kyutoku， Taga-cho， Inukami-gun， Shiga Pref. a : Formation unknown， b : Mz

2) Kishiki-cho， Kishiwada City， Osaka Pref.， a : Uemachi formation， b : right upper molar (fragment)，

3) Off Tomogashima Is.， Kaiso-gun， Wakayama Pref.， a : bottom sediment (Man-chidani formation ?)， b : upper and lower jaws with molars， 3M3， 3M3' 2M2， 2M2， incisors， spinal ribs， limbs， etc.

4) Okuyama-cho， Ashiya City， Hyogo Pref.， a : High terrace deposit?， b : M3

、

S4 Nobuo II{iEBE， Manzo CHlJf & Shiro I~>>IDA

'S) Bluff， NIshiyagi， Okuho" Akashi 'City" HアQJgoPr.ef"， a : N~$h~yagjj bed， b ; molar.

6) Harima-nada， west of Aka:sh.i 'City， a : bottom s:ediment (Nishiyagi bed)， b :

molars" incisors." ribs， etc!" 7) Chokel" Nishi-ka:miyoshトch:o， Kakogawa City" llYQ:g，o Pte:t.， a :， Nishiyag，i beel，

b : [M. fragmen t of ffi:01ar.

8) 0妊 Takasag@City， Hyogo Pref.， a : butt'om sediment (NishiyagJ bed)" b:' up-

per jaw with 2M2.

9) Off Seitan-c'ho， Mifu~r，a-'gun ， HYQ，gp Pref. (Naruto Strait)， a : bot~tωn sediment

(Nis'hiyag，i bed ?)， b :， l@，wer jaw， molar， incisor， spinals， ribs， etc. 10) Off Shiozaki， N，antan-cno， Mihara-，g'un" Hyog'0 P:re.i.， a !; bottom sedim@nt

(Harima gronp '?')， b ~， molar.

11) South of Matsushima， Ejima 18.リ Shikama-gtln，Hyo'go P'ref.， a : bottom sedi-

ment (Harima g，roup ?)， b : M3

12) 0妊 Kutoy.ama，'Ookezima Is.， Naf.uto 'City" T'OKws'hilna Pref.， (Naruto $，trait)"

a ~ bottom sediment (Harima g，r0UP' ?}，' b : lower jaw. with 3M3')' c :

“Elep，bω sni.oωisis (MATSUMQT'O & ()'ZAYK'I 19'59) ( iP'~ate V) E. n包am; α仇cVtωs nη包~'α umaωn'1幻仰'1ηm?n宮

genStηs 1¥勤dATSUMOr:r‘o& O'ZAKI 1959.

13) ，Ono， 'Shigql~chO， Shiga，-g，mn" Shi:ga Pref:.， a : Katada fo口naFtilOJEEpb:M2・

14) Mat].o， Katada-cho， Shiga-g，un， Shiga Preif.， a ，: Katq:da formatiu民1D:: II{)w1er jaw with 2M.

15) uogi， Katada-cn.o， Shiga--gun， Shiga Pre.f.， a ': Katada formatton， b : M2.

1'6) Komyo-ike" lzumi City， Osaka lPref.， a :， Osaka group (Lower)， b :" lower jaw

with molar.

1'7) Kamimura， Fukui， lbaragi City， Osaka Pref.， a : Osaka gro>1αp (Low，er)， b : IQw'，e.r

molar (fragment).

Ste.godon orientalis OJWEN ]針。 (PlateIV)

S. insign戸， NAUlM.ANN 188)2; $. @;rientalis， MA1'SUMOTO 1924; S. ()ηe，'}ft，talis， MAIO-

YAMA 19'38.

18) Mi凶In1armTnliおsho，.Kat同adaト~çho伐， Shi泡ga針一gun，Shiga Preばf."a : Kat切adaf“O

jaw with m@ωla訂!l"'，弘S.S.

Ste.godoo sh'ot!loenslis MATSU'MOTO 19，24

S. o'rientalis shod.θensis MA'TSUMOTO 1924 ; S'. shod'oensis， MAKIYAMA 1938.

19) Ot鉦tGunk仁e仇， Ichim町m~凶l~吋，i々i

formation?η)， b : lower j:aw witth M2・

Ste.godon shodoensis akt7lshiensis (TAKAI 1936) (P1ate 111)

Parastego(J'on akashiensis T AKAl 1936 ;， St，egodon shodoensis akashiens仏 MAKI-

YAMA 1938.

20) Blu妊 fromFujie t0 Taniyagi， Akashi City， Hyogo Pref.， a: Hayashizaki clay， Akashi formation" b : molars" incisors.

21) Nakayagi; Nishiyagi・Byohugaura.Eijima，'Okudo， Akasni City， HYOg0 Pref.， a : Byobugaura clay， Akashi fotmation， b : molars.

22) Harima--nada， west of Akashi City， Hyogo Pref..， a : bott0m sediment (Akashi

formation ?)， b : crani um， lower jaw" mola.rs， etc. 23) Shinzaike， Goshiki-cho， Tsuna-gun Hyogo Pref.， a : Awaji formation， b : Mz，

molar (fragmemt)， incisor (fragment)， rib (fragment).

Catal~gue of' the Late Ce、nozoicPf'(}bo~cid:ea in幼eK i'nki District， J aρan 55

24) Kasada 'Ooik，e， Inabe'-'cho， Inabe-gun， Mie Pref.， a ': Oizumi form1ation， b : upper

leJt molar.

2'5う Kamisoyamada，FUjiwara-ONara， Inabe-gus.， Mie Pref." a : Oizumi formation， b ，: tright and }eft to，w1er jaw with lfP;olars， incisors ribs" 'etc.

Ste~助g仰f:Jd仇on s，眠g!i3少?αmai(TOKUNAG附!GA19ω36⑥〉伊1凶;a2瓜ai抗t伐tPdwffGαωstμegl伊，(!Jdon宮 sug 力かか，;，ααωm旬gαai TOKUNAGA 1'9犯s6し;S μ，godぬOσ!ni仇ns必igμ?nMgdωj必SS u g {b砂かy少1，α ?ηrJ(l.勿俗z.α、;i"MA成KIト旬

YAMA 1938 ;， PIαfαs.tμeg;θdon i仇njreq，u，ensSH阻IKAMA1927

26) Katayama Park， Suita 'City"O saka P.re仁 a: Osaka group (Lower)， b : lower jaw

with ，3M. 27) Blu妊 ofShitamizo， Hayas]hizaki， Akas，hi City， Hy0g0 Pref.， a : Hayashizaki

clay， Akashi formation， b : 3M" molars， sptfi1als， limbs， ribs， etc. 28) Harima-'nada， west @{ Akaslhi City， Hyogo Pref." a ': Dottom sediment (Akashi

forma.tion ?)，' b : clianiums， lower jaws， molars， e~c.

，Ste，g.o<<(f)tJ; ef. elep'h'αnt(j)I;des (ClIFT 1828) (Plate 1 & 11， Fig， 1)

S. clzftii， MATSUMOT'OJ 19:24 ; ，S，. cf. el~ρ'，han:toides， MAKIYAMA 1938.. 2:9) Kusubara， '，G¥eino-cho， Ange-gun， Mie Pref.， a : Kameya111a formation， b :' left

lower jaw with. 3M.

30) KllfOdani， N-omura， Kameyama City， Mie Pref.， a : !¥ameyama formation， b :

lower jaw with molar.

31) Kitak，aroda， Kawage-eho， A.ng，e-gun， Mie Prlet" a : Kam，eyama formatio九 b:

CraFlium， Fowler jaw with mo[ars， ribs， etc.

Ste-g-odon sp. 32) Nishimom'okawa， lcbinomiya--cho， Ts，una-gun， Hy:ogo pref.， a : Awaji forma-

tion， b : molar.

33) Yam，abe， Suzuka ，City" M1e Pref.， a : Tomari formation" b : molar (fragment).

Illdete~miDah'le specimens 34) Samida， Kawai-mura， Kitakatsuragi-gun， Nara Pref.， a : Osaka group (Lower)，

b : incisor. 3め Hotarug.aike，..Toyonaka City， Osaka Pref.， a : Osaka group (Upperめ)，b : i泊Inn11E.:d1

36) Asahigaoko一cho仏， Ashiya City， Hyogo Pref.， a : Osaka group (Lower)， b : incisor.

37) Ei， lchimiya-cho， Tsuna-gun， Hyogo Pref.， a : Awaji formation， b : incisor.

38) 'Off Murotsu， Hokutan-cbo， Tsuna-gun， Hyogo Pref.， a : bottom sediment b :

lnClS0r. 39) Aihara， Goshiki-cho， Tsuna-gun" Hyogy Pref.. a : Awaji formation， b : frag-

ment of incisor.

40) Kamosenzan， Sumuto City， Hyogo Pref.， a : Awaji formation， b : incisor. 41) Kosugi-okudani， Ayama-mura， Ayama-guT¥， Mie Pref.， a : Iga formation， b :

lnClsor.

References

HUZITA. K. (1954) : Stratigraphical significance of the plant remains contained in the Late

Cenozoic formation in Central Kinki. four. Inst. Polytechn.， Osaka City Univ.， G，

vol. 2， pp. 75-88.

HUZIτA， K. & S. KAMATA (lg64) : Geology of Osaka Bay ; Report of Sonic-geological survey

of Osaka Bay (in Japanese).

、

56 Nobuo IKEBE， Manzo CHIJI & Shiro ISHIDA

IKEBE， N. (1954) : Cenozoic biochronology of Japan. four. Polytechn.， Osaka City Univ.， G. vol. 1， pp. 73-86.

(1959) : Stratigraphical and geographical distribution of Fossi Elephants in Kinki

District， Central Japan， (in Japanese). Quaternary Res.， vol. 1， pp. 109-118.

ITlHARA， M. (1961) : Some problems of the Quaternary sedimentaries in the Osaka and Akasi

areas， Japan. four. Inst. Polytechn， Osaka City Univ.， G， vol. 5， pp. 13-30.

(1961) : On. the fossil-bed of Eleρhas， namadicus naumanni， 0妊 TomogashimaIs-

lands， Osaka Bay (in ]apanese)， Pr仰01.MA必KαIYAMAMemor匂.

MAKI町YAMA，J. (1924) : The occurrence of Eleρhas trogontherii in Japan， ]alう.four. Geol. Geogr.， vol. 3， pp 55-57.

(1938) : Japonic Proboscidea. Mem. Coll. Sci.， Kyoto 1mρ. Univ.， B， vol. 14， pp. 1-59.

MATSUMOTO， H. (1924) : Notes on the species of Stegodon in Japan (in ]apanese)， Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo， vol. 31， pp. 323-340.

MATSUMOTO， H. ancl H.. OZAKI (1959) : On a new geological subspecies of Archidiskodon ρara-mammonteus MATSUMOTO discovered at Ono， Shiga Town， Province of Omi. Bull.

Nat. Sci. Mus. vol. 4， pp. 355-358.

Mn<I， S. (1941) : Floral remains of the Conifer age at Manzidani near Nishinomiya， Japan.

Jaρan. four. Bot. vol. 11， pp. 377-383.

(1947) : FloFal remains in Kiaki and adjacent districts since Pliocene Cin Japanese

with English summary). Mineralogy and Geology， vol. 9， pp. 105-144.

NAUMANN， E. (1881) : Ueber Japanische Elephanten der Vorzeit. Palaeontogra1うhica，vol. 28，

pp. 1-39.

SHIKAMA， T. (1936) : Note on Parastegodon akashiensis T AKAI from the Akasi District， Proc. 1mρ. Acad. Jaρan， ~ol. 12， pp. 22-24.

(1937) : Parastegodon infrequens st. nov. from the Akashi Dis1triJct， Jaρan. ]our. Geol. Geogr.， vol. 14， pp. 127-131.

TAKAI， F. (1936) : On a new fossil elephant from Okubo-mura， Akasi-gun， Hyogo Pref. Proc. 1mρ. Acad. Jaρan. vol. 12， pp. 19-21.

TAKAYA， Y. (1963) : Stratigraphy of the Paleo-Biwa group and the paleogeogfaphy of Lake

Biwa with special r，eference to the origin of the endemic species in Lake Biwa. Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto， B， vo1. 30， pp. 81-119.

T AKEHARA， H. (1961) : Stratigraphy of the Age group， Northern Mie Pref.， Japan (in Japanese

with English summary). Prof. MAKIYAMA Memorial Volume ; pp. 45-50.

Plate I

58

Explanation of Plate 1

Stegodon cf. e1e.ρhantoides CLIFT

Fig. 1， Upper jaw with 3M3; palatal side ; Loc. List. no. 31 ; Mie Prefectural

Museum. x 1/4

Fig. 2a， b. Right lower jaw with M3 ; a : upper side， b : buccal side ; Loc.

List. no. 31 ; Mie Prefectural Museum. X 1/4

、

IKEBE. CHIJI & ISIDDA : Cenozoic Proboscidea in Kinki Plate 1

.

2a

‘

2b

Plate 11

62

、

Explanation of Plate 11

Fig. 1a， b ; Stegodon cf. eleρhantoides CLIFT

Left lower jaw with 3M ; a : upper side， b : buccal side ; Loc. List. no. 31 ; Mie Prefectural Museum. x 1/4

Fig. 2a， b ; Stegodon sugiyamai CTOKUNAGA)

Left lower jaw with 3M ; a : upper side， b : buccal side 26 ; Osaka Museum of Natural History， Reg. no. 1714.

; Loc. List no.

x 1/3

IKEBE， CHIJI & ISHIDA : Cenozoic Proboscidea in Kinki Plate 11

la

南骨 、 .

"

lb

2a

2b

•

Plate 111

66

Explanation of Plate 111

Stegodon shodoensis akashiensis (TAKAI)

Lower jaw with M3 ; Loc. List no. 22 ; Osaka Museum of Natural History ;

1 : upper side， 2 : right side. X 1/4

、

•

lI<EBE， CHIJI & IsmDA : Cenozoic Proboscidea in Kinki Plate 111

Plate IV

70

Explanation of Plate IV

Stegodon orientalis OWEN

Lower jaw ; 1 : upper side， 2 : lingual side of right lower jaw ; Loc. List

no. 18 ; National Science Museum x 1/3

、

•

II<EBE， CHIJI & ISHIDA : Cenozoic Proboscidea in Kinki

. • •

1.;

-宅jE'.~

Plate IV

、•

、てえ・五...

，

.

Plate V

、

74

ExplanatiQs of Plate V

lF''ig. 1 ， 2a， b ;“EZethas sみigensis" (M~TSUMOTO an.d '(e)zAI<I)

1 ，: l.，et:tηlower jaw with 2，M ; tl'l!lIJer 5'ide ;， LQC.， L，ltst tlQ、14; Mano Primary Schoo1. x 1/3 '2 : M2 ; a : limg'，ual sid，e， 1) : palatal s，i<le ; Loc~ LJst 110. 15 ; Mf: ~ )f Ulki" s

possess'IQn. x 1/3

.Fig，.、3;， Ar~hid'is，k(!)dø，n ρaramamm.onteus sh忽'ensisM.A"E$UM@TO and OeAKI 3M ; a : upper side， O : buccal side ; Loc'. IAst. ao. 1:31. (Aれe'tMats'&¥lililoto

a:qd Ozaid， 1957) x 1/2

、

lKEBE~ CHIn & ISHIDA : Cenozoic Proboscidea in Kinki Plate V

2a

21>

、

3a

3b

Plate VI

、

78

Explanation of Plate VI

Elelうhasnaumanni MAKIY AMA

Lower jaw with 3M3; Loc. List no. 12 ; Osaka Museum of Natural History，

Reg. no. 1715

Fig. 1， upper side， Fig. 2， right side. x 1/4

IKEBE， CHI]l & ISHIDA : Cenozoic Proboscidea in Kinki Plate VI

2

Plate VII

、

82

Explanation of Plate VII

Elephas naumanni MAKIYAMA

Upper jaw with 2M2 ; Loc. List. no. 8 ; Osaka Museum of Natural History ~

Reg. no. 1744.

Fig. 1， palatal side， Fig. 2， left side. X 1/4

lKEBE， CHIJI & ISHIDA : Cenozoic Proboscidea in Kinki Plate VII

I?-Ia te VIII

，

、

86

ExplanatioB of Plate VIlJI

ElePhas naumanni MAKIYAMA

Fig. 1 a， b， M3 ; Loc. List no. 3. x 1/3 a ; palatal side， b : buccal side.

Fig. 2 a， b ; 3M ; Loc. List no. 3 ; x 1/3 g : u pper side， b : lingual side.

Osaka Museum of Natural History.

IKEBE， CHIJI & ISHIDA : Cenozoic Proboscidea in Kinki Plate VIIL

lb

la

ι

2a

2b