Catalyst – October (4+9-8), 2009Pass up take-home quizzes to the
front!Monday Mystery Element!
1. Named after the inventor of dynamite2. Isotopes have half lives ranging from 55
seconds to 58 minutes3. First discovered in 1958 at the Nobel
Institute of Physics and later by Seaborg and Ghiorso at UC Berkeley
Catalyst – October (4+9-8), 2009
Pass up take-home quizzes and science fair notebooks to the front!
Monday Mystery Element!1. Named after the inventor of
dynamite2. Isotopes have half lives ranging
from 55 seconds to 58 minutes3. First discovered in 1958 at the
Nobel Institute of Physics and later by Seaborg and Ghiorso at UC Berkeley
Catalyst – October (4+9-8), 2009
Monday Mystery Element!1. Named after the inventor of
dynamite2. Isotopes have half lives ranging from
55 seconds to 58 minutes3. First discovered in 1958 at the Nobel
Institute of Physics and later by Seaborg and Ghiorso at UC Berkeley
NOBELIUM
Today’s Agenda
Catalyst New groups How is the periodic table organized? Intro Periodic Table Project Unlock the first secrets of the
periodic table Group work time Exit Question
Front Door
Projector2nd Period
Group 3
Tre, Jessica, Antonio,
Chelsea C.
Group 2
Darren, Jenny, Juan, Brittany T
Group 1
Neron, Denny,
Chelsea J., Joseph
Group 6
T’Keyah, Arethia,
Dorian, Keith
Group 4
Katty, Whitnie, Sidne, Reshad
Group 9Brittanee,
Byron, Robin
Group 8 Group 7Chris,
Timothy, Nicolette,
Kerrie
Group 5
Corian, Elesha, Isaac,
Isaiah
Front Door
Projector3rd Period
Group 3
Tierra, Jeremy, Devone,
Sean
Group 5
Christian, Jonathon,
Jessie, Tonisha
Group 1
Jonas, Justin,
James, Maya
Group 6
William, Emanuel, Rochelle,
Antoinette
Group 2Willie,
Bridget, Thien,
Michael Group 4
Jalen, David, Maya,
Tynisha
Front Door
Projector4th Period
Group 3
Brittanny V., Duan, James,
Fatina
Group 2
De’Jonnaie, Brandon, Shant’a,
Kennesha
Group 1
Jordan T., Darrionne, Katelynn,
KeyeraGroup 6
Jordan J., Cole, Kathy,
Queirra
Group 5
Davida, Kevin,
Dajaelle, Tia
Group 4
Tashica, Phillip,
Amanda, Brittany P.
Group 9
Antrashion, Jayde, Lee, Seandell
Group 8Group 7
Stephanie, Kawanna, Anthony,
Brett
Objectives
SWBAT analyze the importance of periodic law.
SWBAT distinguish their family from the rest on the periodic table.
First things first…
You are about to begin a journey to find thesecrets of the Periodic Table
The Periodic Table is a majestic tool used by
scientists all over the world
Are you ready?
Let’s go.
How is it organized?
Each group will receive a baggie of periodic table pieces
With your group, organize the pieces in a logical way
Be ready to explain HOW you organized the pieces
Now…
Organize the pieces in order of increasing atomic mass
Also, line them up according to shading
What’s missing?
GaGe
These elements were also missing when scientists were
putting the periodic table together!
The Periodic Table
Key Point #1: The periodic table organizes the elements into many different groups based on physical and chemical properties.
We will learn about the major ways to group the elements – by… Family Metals/metalloids/nonmetals Valence Electrons Atomic size Electronegativity
What does PERIODIC mean?
Key Point #2: Periodic means that there is some kind of pattern.
In the Periodic Table, there are numerous patterns What about in regular life? How could you group
the following items in different ways?
The Evolution of the Periodic Table
Just like atomic theory, the Periodic Table also has a long history
In the late 1790s, French scientist Antoine Lavoisier compiled a list of elements known at that time - only 23!
In the 1800s, scientists began discovering a ton of elements - up to 70!
Evolution Continued
New elements meant new data!
Scientists needed a way to organize everything!
John Newlands (1860s)
Arranged the Periodic Table by increasing ATOMIC MASS
Noticed patterns based on physical and chemical properties - repeated every 8th element
Law of Octaves
Newland’s Periodic TableLaw of Octaves
Mendeleev (1869)
Arranged elements by increasing ATOMIC MASS into columns based on chemical and physical properties
Left spaces for undiscovered elements
First to publish table
Mendeleev’s Periodic TableEMPTY SPACES!
Mosely (1913)
Arranged elements by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER
Some of Mendeleev’s elements in the wrong order
Periodic Law
Our Periodic Table – Thanks to Mosely
Periodic Law
Periodic Law is the statement that there is a periodic (patterned) repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged in increasing atomic number
Periodic Table Review
1. Why is the periodic table called the “periodic” table?
2. How did Newlands organize the periodic table?
3. Who published the first periodic table?
4. Who developed periodic law?
Basic Terms to Know
Write these in your notes to remember!
Period – horizontal rows on periodic table
Family/Group – vertical rows on periodic table
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
Major FamiliesAlkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
LanthanidesActininides
H
Be B C N O F
He
Ce
Th
Group Work Time
Write down your family – make sure you know what elements you have
Each person should pick his/her individual element
Write down at least 3 characteristics of your family to turn in – put all group members’ names on the paper
Alkali Metals
Alkali metals are very reactive – even with water!
Sodium + Water EXPLOSION!
Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaline Earth metals are also very reactive Shiny solids that are harder than Alkali
metals Alkaline Earth Metal Spotlight: CALCIUM
Calcium is essential for human life, especially in maintaining bones and teeth
Found widely in nature combined with oxygen Abrasives in toothpaste and emery boards
Magnesium Demo!
Boron’s Group
Gallium is a silver metal that literally melts in your hand!
Don’t try this
yourself!
Carbon’s Group
Carbon is one of the most important elements on Earth! There is a whole branch of chemistry
dedicated to studying carbon – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY!
If you are a science major in college, you will most likely take Organic
Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth! Use in computer chips and solar cells Found in quartz, sand, and glass
Nitrogen’s Group
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids! Nitrogen, which you breathe, can
form some of the most explosive compounds known to man
Arsenic is a toxic substance that was used to treat some illnesses back in the day
Bismuth is used in fire sprinklers
Oxygen’s Group
Oxygen We must breathe oxygen to survive…
so it’s pretty important Reacts with some of the noble gases
Sulfur Hydrogen sulfide smells like rotten egg
Selenium Used in solar panels because it can
convert light into energy
Fluorine (really fluoride) is added to toothpaste
Chlorine gas is a deathly green gas that was first used as a form of chemical WARFARE in WWII
Halogens (Fluorine’s Group)
Noble Gases (Helium’s Group) Noble gases do not react with other
elements very often – they are already “happy” They can be called “inert” because
they don’t react Neon is used in neon lights Helium Voice!
Transition Metals
Conduct electricity Can form different ions (We’ll learn
more about ions later!) Many found in nature – found all
over the world (map on page 200) Uses
Found in alloys, wires, plastics, etc. Your body needs trace (small)
amounts many of them
Research Time
Pick your group’s familyStart researching info about your family
Chapter 7 in your book contains information about each family
Exit Question
1. Why is the periodic table called the “periodic” table?
2. What is your group’s family? List two characteristics of elements in your group’s family.
Homework: Periodic Table Assignment
