Catch Fishing Guidebook 2008 _docs_catch_fishing[1]

8/14/2019 Catch Fishing Guidebook 2008 _docs_catch_fishing[1]

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CATCHFISHING!Your Basic How To Guide To

Fishing In Canada

by

Rick AmsburyFor the Canadian National

Sportfishing Foundation

RICK AMSBURY LIVED HIS LIFE as a friendlyambassador for fishing, hunting and conservationof fish and wildlife. He never missed a chance totake folks fishing - people of any age, backgroundor ability. His great sense of humor and remarkableability to make friends from North Bay to NorthCarolina made him a natural at teaching peopleto fish. Rick was an effective advocate for theenvironmentally sustainable and responsible use

of natural resources and he made it a point to explain that anglers and hunters do morefor fish and wildlife conservation than all other groups combined. He believed that fishingopened a unique door within each of us, leading to a personal appreciation for theoutdoors and to improved mental and physical health. This book was one way Rick sharedhis special talents with anyone who wants to learn to fish.

"Catch Fishing" guidebook_2008 04/18/08 5:19 PM Page 1


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The Canadian National Sportfishing Foundation is grateful to acknowledge the collectivesupport of the following agencies in the publishing of this book:

Canadian Sportfishing Industry AssociationFisheries and Oceans CanadaBritish Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air ProtectionAlberta, Department of Sustainable Resource DevelopmentSaskatchewan Environment & Resource ManagementManitoba Conservation

Ontario Ministry of Natural ResourcesSocit de la faune et des parcs du QubecNew Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and EnergyNova Scotia Agriculture and FisheriesPrince Edward Island Fisheries, Aquaculture & EnvironmentNewfoundland Department of Forestry and Agrifood

Yukon Department of Renewable Resources

Publisher: Canadian National Sportfishing FoundationEditor: Gary Ball, Outdoor Writers of Canada

Assistant Editor: Shirley MaloneyIllustrations: Christopher MortonCartoons: Robert Morton,aka Sporty Morty WSM Studios, Peterborough, OntarioGraphic Design: big sky design, Peterborough, Ontario

ISBN 0-9730953-0-XFourth Edition Copyright 2008Printed in CanadaALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No parts of this book may be reproduced in any form without

permission from the publisher.Volume discount sales may be negotiated with qualifying businesses or organizationswishing to raise funds for fisheries related conservation projects or education programs.

Proceeds from the sale of this book are used by the Canadian National SportfishingFoundation to promote National Fishing Week and other fisheries education and conserva-tion projects.

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CONTENTS

Part 1:Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Where Do I Start?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Step 1. Steal Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Step 2. Find a Tackle Dealer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Step 3. Read the Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Step 4. Get the Learning Yearning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Part 2:The Fishing Outfit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Welcome To The Outfit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Picking a Reel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Picking a Fishing Rod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Whats My Line? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Knots and Terminal Tackle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Simple Guide to Buying Lures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Part 3:Cast Away!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Part 4:Fishing from A Boat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Boating Safety and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Part 5:Where to Find Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Fishing Near Shore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Fishing Streams & Rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Urban Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Ice Fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Part 6:Catching, Landing & Releasing Fish . . . . . . . . 35

Part 7:

Cleaning and Cooking Your Fish . . . . . . . . . . 40

Part 8:Fishing With Kids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Part 9:What Are You Waiting For?. . . . 45

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Part 1:Getting Started

Where Do I Start?

YOU ALREADY HAVE. By picking up this handy tackle box guide you areon your way to years of safe and enjoyable fishing adventures. Startinghere, with the basic information, can saveyou a lot of money and help you getthe most out of your days on the

water.For the first few months of

fishing, tuck this little book intoyour tackle box or a handypocket. Between its covers, youllfind all sorts of help and advice.There are all sorts of handy tipsand just about everything youneed to know aboutfishing...from where to go, tocooking up your catch. Information ispower and the information here is what youll need to know to catch fishin your area.

STEP 1: Steal Ideas

FIND SOMEONE NEARBY, maybe a friend or relative who fishes a lot.That shouldnt be hard. One out of every four Canadians goes fishingalready. Once youve found somebody to be a coach, convince them to



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take you along. Begging, pleading, and groveling are all okay. Youre anangler now and there are no rules against learning how to fish. Stealingfishing ideas is perfectly legal and expected.

Watch your new fishing coach close-ly. Make note of everything he or she

does to catch fish. Once youvelearned all you can from one fish-ing buddy, move along to another

one. The more good teachers youget to fish with, the faster youll

improve your own fishing.The way you pay back your fishing coaches is to become one yourself.

Just pass along what youve learned to eager new fishermen. Pretend youdont see them taking notes.

FISH FACT: A drop of ten degrees or more in airtemperature will cause many fish to feed far less activelyeven though the water temperature might only change adegree or two.

STEP 2: Find a Tackle Dealer

GET TO KNOW your local fishing tackle retailer. Tackle sellers have allkinds of great information about local fishing. They want to keep youhappy and coming back to their stores. If you simply tell them yourehooked on fishing, theyll go out of their way to help.

Tackle retailers can also help you with information on matching tackle

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Its up to the angler to keep track of the regulations, so keep a copyhandy every time you go fishing. Make sure you know the rules for thearea youre fishing in. These regulations are in place to protect fish popula-tions and ensure that you will always have a chance to go fishing.

STEP 4: Get the Learning Yearning

AS A DEDICATED CANADIAN ANGLER you have a moral obligation tolearn as much about your new pastime as possible. You are expected tosubscribe to as many fishing magazines as you can afford. You must alsoagree to watch as many fishing TV shows and videos as possible. In whatspare time you have left, it is expected that you check out every fishingsite on the internet.

Its true. The more you learn, the more fish you catch and the biggerthose fish will be. For now, check out the handy list of magazines, showsand web sites on page 48.

TIP: Theres no bad time to go fishing. But, to improveyour chances of catching fish, pay attention to the lunar tablesfound in most fishing magazines and calendars. Fishing inpeak hours of the best fishing days can pay dividends.

FISH FACT: Fish scales are a common ingredientin lipstick.



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Part 2:The Fishing Outfit

Welcome to The Outfit

IF YOU TRY HARD ENOUGH, you can catch fish with a piece of stringtied to a stick, a hook and a bit of bait. But thats doing it the tough way.Adding a fishing rod and reel makes it a lot easier and lets you put yourbait in more productive hideouts for fish. Besides, its a lot more fun.

The basic fishing outfit is really four pieces: a rod, a reel, line and a lure

or bait. For best performance, all of these four parts should be matched forweight. And they should match the size of the fish youre hoping to catch.

FISH FACT: As recently as 1985, a Canadian companyused the tanned skins of the common carp to makewomens clothing.

Match your catch

The easiest place to start to put together a fishing outfit is to decidewhat size of fish you will be fishing for most often. This will determine thesize and strength of the equipment you select.

No matter where you live in Canada, you will be able to fish for a goodvariety of species. You could be in search of a whopping 10-inch panfishor a sturgeon that weighs just a little bit less than a dump truck.

For our purposes, lets match our equipment to fish that weigh less than20 pounds. This covers the majority of Canadas game fish and once youvemastered the basics in this book, you can go in search of bigger fish bysimply moving up to a larger, stronger outfit.

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Picking a Reel

THERE ARE LOTS OF DIFFERENT STYLES of fishing, each with its own

special lines, rods and reels. Some of the more common are: spincasting,spinning, baitcasting, fly-fishing, downrigging and trolling. But lets makeit easy and get started by looking at just two of the simplest and mosteffective fishing styles: spincasting and spinning. Once youre comfortablewith these, you can move on to other styles whenever you want.

The spincasting reel

Spincasters are the easiest reels to learn to use and work very well for

fish weighing up to about 10 pounds. They prevent line tangles and areideal for people with smaller hands. They are inexpensive and easy to castwith. Kids love them and learn to use them quickly. Many adults start outfishing with a spincaster and dont see any reason to change.

Youll see from the diagram thatthe spincasting reel is mounted ontop of the rod and should remainthere for both casting and reeling inline. The thumb button on the backof the reel is designed to release linewhen you want to cast. Check out the How to Cast section for step-by-step instructions.

Perhaps the most important part of the reel is the drag control wheelwhich controls the amount of tension on the line when a fish is hooked. Ifthe control reel is set too tightly, a big fish could break your line and your

heart. Too little tension can result in slack line between the fish and thereel, letting the fish easily shake or spit the hook.

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A spincasting reel

thumbbutton

drag

control

lineexit



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The spinning reel

More spinning reels are sold in Canada than all other types of reelscombined. The reason for this is versatility. Spinning reels come in a varietyof sizes and can be fished with many different line strengths. They let youmake long, accurate casts and are usually durable, often giving five to tenyears of reliable service with little maintenance.

From the diagram, youll notice several differences between spinningand spincasting reels. The spin-ning reel is mounted below therod for both casting and retriev-

ing. That big metal arm in frontof the reel is called the bail. Itwraps the line evenly around thespool when you turn the reelhandle to retrieve. When casting,

the bail is folded in a locked position (open) to allow the line to be pulledoff easily by the weight of the lure or bait being cast.

Spinning reels may have the drag control located at the front (front drag)or at the back of the reel (rear drag). These knobs are turned clockwise toincrease the tension on the line. Choosing between front and rear drag ispretty much a matter of deciding which you prefer. Both perform well.

TIP: To set your drag, hold the rod firmly in one hand and,with the drag engaged, pull line out of the reel with your

other hand. Try to estimate the weight of the fish you will beafter and set the drag control so that a heavier fish can pullsome line off the reel smoothly.

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A spinning reel

bail

front dragcontrol

line spoolreardrag

control



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FISH FACT: Many fish species feed aggressively justbefore a thunderstorm.

Picking a Fishing Rod

THERE ARE PROBABLYa million things youwant to know aboutfishing rods, but you

arent going to get all theanswers here. To get theinformation on materials,features and actions, goand ask the guy at your local tackle store. He can explain and demonstratethe differences and explain how they might improve your fishing.

Our job here is to help you find a suitable rod to match the spinning orspincasting reel you have already chosen. Most important are the length ofthe rod and its action.

You will see from the diagram that the major difference between a spin-cast and spinning rod is the position of the reel seat. Spincast rods aredesigned so the reel sits on top of the rod while spinning rods hold thereel below the rod. Also, most spincast rods have a short pistol grip forsmaller hands, rather than a long, straight handle.

Length and flexibility of a fishing rod will depend on the weight of the

fish youre planning to catch most often. As a rule, for both spincastingand spinning, the rod should be about six inches longer than you are tall.The flexibility of a rod determines its action. Were suggesting that youstart with a medium action rod for two reasons: first, because its the most

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A spincasting rod

A spinning rod

pistol grip handle

fore grip

larger first guidestraight handle

reel seat

small line guides



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versatile of the actions and, second, because were the experts here.There are other features you should consider before buying your first

fishing rod. The first is the number and construction of the line guides: the

eyes along a rod, through which the line runs. Better spinning rods havebetween five and seven guides. In general, the more guides a rod has, thebetter it cushions the line when a fish is hooked and the better yourchances of landing that trophy.

Now, consider the material in the eye of the guide, where the linetouches the guide. If you plan to do a lot of fishing, look for hard ceramiceyes rather than the stainless steel found on many inexpensive rods.

Friction caused over time by miles of line rubbing over the eyelets willeventually wear grooves in steel, grooves that can break your line andquite possibly your heart when you lose the lunker of a lifetime.

Finally, take a look at the material which makes up the handle of yourfishing rod. In most cases, you will have a choice between cork and foamrubber. Both will do the job, but the cork usually lasts longer and can becleaned up to look like new with a little fine sandpaper. On average, cork-handled rods are a little more expensive.

Decisions, decisions

Which outfit is right for you?Both spincast and spinning outfits are easy to learn to use with a little

practice. You will find a good selection of decent quality spincast rods andreels for as little as $50. A comparable quality spinning outfit will start atabout $60 to $70. Both will do the job until you want to try a wider varietyof fishing experiences.

Yeah, we know there are lots of outfits out there priced over $200. Andtheyre usually worth the extra money. But start out inexpensively and buybetter quality gear when you know what features you need for specific kindsof fish or fishing. For now, try to save a little cash for lures and other neat stuff.

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Now that youve selected a basic rod and reel, lets take a look at thenext critical piece of your fishing outfit.

Whats My Line?

FISHING LINE IS MADE from a lot of different materials: steel, lead-core,braided fabrics and a whole bunch of stuff thats very hard to pronounce.To begin, we recommend you stick to a clear monofilament line found inall tackle stores at a reasonable cost. (About $6 for 200 yards.)

Next, we match the strength of the line to the size of fish you are goingafter. Line strength is measured in pound test. (Okay, it should bepounds test, but you dont want to get funny looks from fellow anglersfor using correct grammar. Remember, you are an angler now and certainrules do not apply to you.) This is an old term that refers to the breakingpoint of line when weight is added. For example, 10 lb test line will breakwhen approximately 10 lbs of direct pressure is applied.

To make things easy, we will categorize line strength into light (2, 4 and6 lb test), medium (8, 10, and 12 lb test), and heavy (16, 20 and 30 lb test

or more). Most freshwater, and some saltwater fishing is done with lightand medium lines. But dont be fooled. With the right equipment and a

little know-how youcan land a 50 poundfish on 8 pound testline.

Here is a handyreference chart tohelp you match yourline to the top 10gamefish in Canada.

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Fish species Recommended line

Panfish 2 - 4 lb. testRainbow Trout 6 - 10 lb. testBrook Trout 2 - 6 lb. testLake Trout < 10 lbs 6 - 10 lb. testSmallmouth Bass 6 - 8 lb. test

Largemouth Bass 10 - 17 lb. testWalleye 6 - 8 lb. testPike/Muskie 14 - 20 lb. testChinook Salmon 17 - 30 lb. testCoho Salmon 10 - 14 lb. test



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While this chart will serve as a good guideline, there are several factorsother than the weight of the fish that determine the best line strength toselect. For example, you should opt for heavier line if you are fishing inheavy weeds or around rock piles, logs or stumps. You should think aboutlighter line if you are fishing in very clear water, as the line is harder forthe fish to see. Lighter lines get the nod when you are fishing very lightlures or baits. It makes them easy to cast and can help improve the actionof the lure.

TIP: While youre fishing, frequently check the first 3 to 6feet of line above your lure for abrasions. Just run the linebetween your fingertips, looking for nicks or rough spots. Ifyou detect damage, cut out the damaged section and retiethe lure.

Match your lure size to your outfit

A major factor in your selection of fishing rod, reel and line will be thesize of baits and lures you plan to fish with. Marked on almost every fish-ing rod are the manufacturers suggestions for the weight of lure and thestrength of line that are recommended for that particular rod.

Obviously, you dont want to use 2 pound fishing line to battle anenraged muskie, or 20 lb test to try to cast a dainty little feathered lure.

Matching rod, reel, line and lure is a balancing act and every experi-

enced angler has his or her ideas on whats best. But, for the time being, itsa good idea to stick to manufacturers recommendations to make sure thatall parts of your fishing outfit work in balance.

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Knots and Terminal Tackle

ANY FISHING ENCYCLOPEDIA will list thirty or so different knots every

angler should know. Knot true. For now, all you need is one thepalomar knot. It is drop-dead easy to tie and is used to secure your lure orbait to your line. Unlike many other knots, it does not weaken your linewhere the line binds onto itself.

Terminal tackle

Sounds awful, doesnt it? This category of equipment is really the stuffthat goes on the end of your line before you add the lure or bait. Alwayskeep these items on board. They can make it easier to catch more fish.

Snap swivels

The first item well talk about is called a snap-swivel. It isa device like a safety pin that makes it easy to change lures.But the big advantage to these swivels is that they preventyour line from twisting when the lure is being retrieved.Get a few.

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Double the lineforming a long,narrow loop about10 cm long; feedthe end of the loopthrough the hole.

Tie an overhandknot, like starting totie your shoelaces,but dont pull it tight.

Put the hook (lure)through the narrowend of the loop.

Moisten the linewhere the knot isbeing created; slowlypull the knot tightand clip off the freeend of the line,leaving at least 1/8of leftover line.The palomar knot

A snap swivel



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TIP: Polarized sunglasses are a must for anglers. They cutdown sun glare and protect your eyes. Polarized sunglassesdo a better job of cutting glare, and also allow you to see intothe water. You can spot structure, estimate depths, and oftensee fish or minnows that would indicate a good place to fish.

Sinkers

Many of the baits you will use for fishing are very light anddont have enough weight to cast easily, or to sink in the water.Thats where weights, or sinkers, are used.

There are dozens of kinds and shapes of sinkers that can beused to get your lure down to the desired depth. The first onesyou will use are likely to be split shot. Each split shot looks like alittle round ball, with a slot in it. Your line passes through the slot and thelittle round ball is pinched shut gently, just enough to keep it on your line.

The first rule of using sinkers is to use only enough weight to get your

bait or lure to sink as deeply as you want it to sink. You can add or sub-tract split shot pieces until you get it just right. A pair of fishing pliers is ahandy tool to have in your tackle box for this, and other jobs.

Another popular sinker is the rubber-core. It has a small rubber insertinside the body that the line wraps around to provide the frictionnecessary to keep it from sliding up and down the line. These come inmore sizes than split-shot and will not weaken your line.

Fish like to be at or near the edges of their territory, so many of the fishyou will be trying to catch hang out on or near bottom, where they searchfor food. Thats why you sometimes want to get your bait right down tothe bottom with sinkers.

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Sinkers



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TIP: Save money by using only the amount of linenecessary. Often, the reel spool has capacity for more linethan you need for casting or trolling. Keep 30 or so yards ofused line on the spool then tie your new line to it. Wind onthe new line until it is about 1/8th of an inch from fillingthe spool.

Floats and bobbers

There are other times when youmight want to keep your bait closer tothe top or a little bit farther off bottomwhile fishing. For this job, youll needa simple float or bobber. There are allshapes and sizes of them, used bynovices and pros alike, but the

simplest is a little red and white plastic ball that

clips to your line above the hook and bait.The bobber, which floats, can be adjusted

to put your bait just as deep as you wantit. And when a fish begins to nibble at your bait, the bobber begins tobounce and wiggle to signal that you have a bite.

TIP: Keep your line in good shape. Avoid storing your lineand outfit in very hot places or in direct sunlight for extendedperiods. Also, keep line out of contact with suncare lotions,gasoline and other solvents.

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A wooden bobber



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Barbless hooks

Many anglers are moving away from traditional barbed hooks infavour of barbless hooks. It adds more of a challenge in landing a fish, asyou must keep steady tension on the line or the fish could escape easily.But, the main reason these hooks are becoming popular is the fact that fishcan be released much more quickly, increasing their chances of survival.

There is no need to buy special hooks. Simply pinch down the barbs onyour hooks with your pliers. It only takes a second.

Simple Guide to Buying Lures

WERE ALMOST AT THE LAKE. We just have to stop by the tackle shopand pick up a few sure-fire lures and baits. So what are your options, youask? Well, to narrow the selection down from a thousand possibilities to ahandful of items, lets look at the basic choices: live bait or artificial lures.

Lets think about why dogs bite.Well, first of all, dogs bite to eat. So do fish.

Thats why some baits are actually things fish eat,

or things that look like fish food. Sometimes dogsbite because theyre surprised or scared. Fish dothat too, snapping at something that goes flashingpast in the water. These kinds of bites are calledreaction bites. Dogs will bite because somethingsmells or tastes like food. Fish have senses ofsmell, taste and hearing, and bites can be trig-gered by all of these senses.

So what baits do we use for fishing?The earliest of baits were natural, things that

fish actually ate, and theyre still great for catching

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Minnow

Leech

Grasshopper

Worm



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fish these days. Live bait consists of living food sources that live in, on, ornear water, like smaller fish (minnows), crayfish, worms, grubs, insects,leeches and frogs. Fish are naturally attracted to them. The most commonbaits used by anglers are earthworms or dew worms. They are inexpensiveand easy to thread onto your bare hook, or as a teaser on many otherlures like jigs and spoons.

TIP: Certain areas of the country prohibit the use of somelive bait, so check those fishing regulations we referred you to

earlier to make sure the use of live bait is legal in your area.

Today, anglers fish with artificial baits or lures designed to fool fish intobiting. They can be shaped like natural baits...plastic or wooden minnowsand plastic worms and bugs. They can be designed to be the same shapeor color as fish foods, like artificial flies tied in all sorts of colors of fur andfeathers. Jigs are combinations of weights, fur, feather and plastic that are

designed to sink instead of staying on the surface like flies. Or they can bedesigned to flash in the water, the way the scales of a baitfish do. Spoonsand spinners flash this way. Some lures have blades or lips that aredesigned to splash and gurgle, aimed at attracting fish by sound.

Okay, you get the point. There are a gazillion different lures that catch fish,not just anglers. But, lets break these down into practical categories: surfacelures, designed to be fished on, or near, the top of the water; shallow-waterlures like minnow baits and spinners that are designed to be no more than5 or 6 feet under the surface, and deepwater lures that are designed to sinkdeep and work best at, or near, bottom. To get started without going broke,we are going to select a few of each to round out your tackle box.

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For our top-water lures we are going to pick a floating, minnow-shapedbait that we will twitch while retrieving slowly. Next, well take a floatinggurgle bait that has a concave front and chugs noisily across the surface.These little devils drive fish crazy.

Our shallow-water lure selection will be a spinner bait and another

minnow shaped bait that is a bit heavier and has a small lip to give it aswimming action. These baits can be retrieved at a speed that usuallykeeps them less than 10 feet under the surface.

Finally, our bottom baits. One of the most effective baits in this categoryis called a jig. It is simply a hook with a lead ball formed near the top ofthe shank. It comes in various sizes from 1/16 oz to 1/2 oz for freshwater,and at least double that for deeper, saltwater fishing. Jigs are usually tipped

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Top-water lures

Deep-water lures

Shallow-water lures



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with minnows, plastic tails, deer hair, or rubber skirts to appear more lively.Jigs are most often retrieved slowly across the bottom with a gentle lift-and-drop or hopping motion. Our second choice for a deepwater bait willbe a weighted spoon that flashes to imitate the scale colours of movingminnows. These spoons come in a staggering array of colours and shapes.

There you have it. With your live bait and this handful of artificial lures,you have a good variety to match the size of the line and the rest of theoutfit.

TIP: For sunny days, select bright coloured lures. Onovercast days, youll have better luck with darker colours.

Your tackle box

With rod and reel and hooks and line and terminal tackle and bobbersand lures and those fishing pliers that are so handy, youve got quite a

load.The answer to carrying your fishing equip-

ment and keeping it neat is a tackle box.These nifty boxes, full of trays and com-partments, are designed to keep all yourfishing gear untangled and out in the

open where you can see it easily. Your tackleretailer will likely start you off with a smaller

box to handle the selection of tackle and lures youwill need for fishing near where you live. As you do more and more fish-ing, you can add tackle boxes or move up to bigger boxes.

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Part 3:CAST AWAY!

LETS GET TO some of the fun stuff,like casting: getting your bait out to aspot where you think fish are hiding.

Casting accurately is an importantpart of catching fish, but its also a lotof fun and it only takes a little practice to get quite good. To start, tie asmall weight to the end of your line. Tackle stores sell casting plugs for

this purpose, but you can even raid your workshop for a small threadednut or metal washer.

TIP: Heres a check-list of items you should never bewithout: needle-nose pliers for quickly removing hooks fromfish, nail-clippers for cutting line, sharp fillet knife for cleaning

fish, fishing hat with visor, polarized sunglasses to help yousee into water, sunscreen and insect repellent. Oh yeah, anda camera.

Then, grab a small bucket to serve as a target and head out to yourbackyard or a nearby park. Set the target about forty paces away and try tocast the weight into the bucket. The trick to casting your plug to the placeyou want it to go is all in letting go of your line at the right point in your

cast. With a spincasting reel, the line is released by depressing the castingbutton, then lifting your thumb off the button at just the right point inyour cast. With a spinning reel, you open the bail on the reel first, andhook the line over your index finger. At the right point in your cast, you

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simply straighten out your finger. The line slideseasily off the finger. (Avoid the tendency to trap theline between your finger and the rod. Just let theline lay across your finger; the tension from yourlure will keep it there.)

First, stand squarely facing your target, thenrelease enough line so that your lure hangs nomore than 12 inches off the tip of your rod.Keeping the elbow of your casting arm at yourside, bring the rod tip straight over your shoulder,

not off to the side.Now, imagine that you are standing in front of

a clock, as the picture shows. When the rod tipis at about the 2:00 oclock position, smoothlybut quickly snap your hand forward to about the11:00 oclock position and release the line from yourfinger or release the button on your spin-cast reel. Letyour arm follow through to about the 9:00 oclock position. With a littlepractice, you will learn exactly when to release your line and how fast yourrod has to be moving for your lure to hit near your target. Obviously, thefaster your arm is moving when you release the line, the farther your lurewill fly through the air. But when you are fishing, you can cast too far,making it very difficult to set the hook when a fish bites. Shoot for accuracyfirst. The distance will come later. Casting is lots of fun and all it takes ispractice. The more you practice, the closer you can land your lure to your

target and thats one of the secrets of catching more fish.Whether practicing or casting with other people nearby, be very careful

that you can cast safely, without snagging anyone with your hook or lure.

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Casting technique



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Part 4:Fishing from a boat

CANADA HAS MORE PLACES to fish than anywhere else in the world, soyou dont really need a boat to go fishing. But boats can make it easier tocatch more fish. Whether you use a boat, canoe or kayak, you can checkout shorelines, shoals and other productive fishing areas. Boating can alsoadd enjoyment to your day by letting you see all the amazing sightsMother Nature has to offer.

There are really three methods of using a watercraft to catch fish. You

can troll, drift with the wind, or still-fish.

TIP: When fishing in the wind, keep your baits downwindfrom you in a straight line. Also, cast with the wind, not intoit, wherever possible. Otherwise, the wind will cause your lineto bow, making it almost impossible to feel a strike.

FISHING FACT: The stickleback minnow willmigrate several hundred yards from one waterbody to thenext, wiggling through wet grass.

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Trolling

TROLLING IS EASY. You just drag your lure behind the boat. It can be a

very effective way to locate and catch fish. The trick is to know where onthe lake or in the river to troll. Many kinds of fish are caught close toshore where the bottom drops off to greater depths. This is where feedingfish tend to hang out because it is where their food is. You know; its afood chain thing. Other good trolling spots include gravel bars, rock piles,shoals and weed-bed edges or underwater ledges. In many cases, you cansee these areas. If your boat is equipped with a fish finder you will beable to locate these areas in deeper water.

Some fish, like trout and salmon, dont pay much attention to bottomstructure. Theyre fussy. They like to spend time in depths where the watertemperature is just right, especially if there are baitfish nearby. For thesefish, you usually have to cover more water when youre trolling and letyour lure do the work for you.

For these finicky fish, you want to select baits that have a lot of flash.Often, these baits are a bit larger than most and they are designed to dart

and flip through the water, imitating a smaller fish that looks injured andeasy to catch. As a rule, you will want to start with a bait the same colourand approximate shape as the predominant baitfish in the area.

Once you catch a fish, it is a good idea to stop trolling and do somecasting or still-fishing in the same area to see if other feeding fish arenearby. If this doesnt produce another fish, troll over the same area, at thesame speed and going in the same direction as when you caught thefirst fish.

Some fish prefer their food presented at different speeds. Go figure. Tryvarying your speed between 4 and 9 kilometers per hour. Thats from deadslow to not very fast. Fish, like walleye, bass and trout, are often lazy and

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prefer slower speeds, while salmon, pike and muskie are often tricked intostriking with a faster, livelier bait.

Downriggers are fancy but effective trolling devices for deep water.They have a heavy ball on a cable with a special clip that holds your linejust tight enough to keep your bait running a few feet behind the ball.When a fish hits the lure: bingo! The added weight releases the line fromthe clip and the fight is on. Chances are, if you are in a boat with down-riggers, the captain will know how to rig the lines and all you have to dois sit back and wait for the strike. Its a neat way to fish if you like to bewaited on.

TIP: If you catch a fish and intend to keep it for the dinnertable, check out the stomach contents for a clue as to whatthe fish was eating. (Its a bit icky, but it is interesting.)Chances are that the food you find will be a smaller fish, butit could be crayfish, frogs, leeches or insects. Next, select alure that closely imitates the size and colour of the food.Then, try to impart the same kind of motion to your baitthat simulates the movement of that critter just before hebecame supper.



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Drifting

ANOTHER GREAT WAY TO CATCH FISH is to let your boat drift with the

wind along a shoreline or over some of those underwater structures wewanted to troll over. If you are alone, try getting your bait to differentdepths until you catch a fish, then stick with that depth. Just add orremove sinkers. For starters, get your bait to between 1 and 3 feet of bot-tom. If you have buddies along, start with everyone at a different depth.When one person catches a fish, have everyone try fishing at the samedepth for a while. If fish arent biting, try changing bait shapes and coloursuntil you find one that works.

If the wind is causing you to drift too fast, try tying a bucket to a shortrope and toss it overboard. The drag will slow you down.

Still-fishing

LOTS OF BIG FISH HAVE BEEN CAUGHT just by anchoring a boat off arock point or over a shoal, weed-bed or steep drop-off. Its a good way forlarger groups to fish. Just dangle a minnow, worm or other form of livebait near the bottom. This is a terrific way for kids to fish. It is simple andsafe because it eliminates the need for casting in a crowd. This is a greatplace to use a bobber. Set the bobber height on the line so the bait danglesabout one or two feet above the bottom. This way, you dont get snaggedon the bottom. It is important to keep loud noises in the boat to a mini-mum, but its OK to have fun.

If the sun is shining, position your boat so the baits are on the shady

side of the structure.If there is a breeze, anchor the boat so everyone has achance to get their bait into the area where the fish are biting.

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TIP: If fish arent biting, try moving your rod tip up and

own or side to side once in a while. Give it a little jerk, thenlet it lay very still for a few minutes. Sometimes fish get crankyand will bite when something they dont recognize drops intotheir living room.

Get with the program

While boats add a dimension to fishing, boat operators need to know

how to safely drive and properly equip their boats to ensure their safety,that of their passengers and others on the water.

Canadas boating safety laws are very reasonable and even allow kids tooperate small motor boats. To learn about safety rules and regulations, logon to www.ccg.gcc.obs-bsn.gc.ca, or call the Boating Safety Hotline at1-800-267-6687.

Another excellent web site for all sorts of neat boating information is

www.cmma.ca.



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Part 5:Where to Find Fish

Fishing Near Shore

HEY, ITS NOT as hard as youmight think. As a rule, fish, likehumans, like to remain close totwo things: food and shelter.When we think back to what

we decided to use for live bait,our list included living thingsthat lived in or near shallowwater: frogs, minnows, leeches and the like. Therefore, it makes sense thatwhen fish are hungry, they will move to shallow water. This can even bethe case for many fish that live in oceans. Many species travel for miles toget to shorelines or shallow reefs like the Grand Banks off Newfoundland.Chances are good that food sources will be found in these areas where the

water temperatures are usually warmer.So, as a rule of thumb, much of your fishing should be done in that

10% of the water closest to shore or near shoals or reefs.

FISH FACT: Canada is regarded as having the finestsport fishery on the planet. We have approximately 1.2

million lakes, rivers and streams plus 3 oceans that contain270 species of fish.

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As for shelter, many fish like to be close to something. It might be asloping shoreline, a shoal, stump, log, rock pile, boat dock, or floatingobject that might provide shade. Anglers refer to all these things collectivelyas structure. Some fish use this structure for protection. Their silhouetteis broken by being close to an object, making them harder for a predatorlike a shore bird or a larger fish to see. Other fish use structure to hidebehind in order to ambush unsuspecting prey as it swims past.

Some species of fish, like trout and salmon, do not spend a lot of timein shallow water. These fish usually travel in schools. They actually useeach other as structure. They can hide among their friends and reduce

the chance of becoming dinner for a predator that slashes through theschool. Its a safety in numbers thing.

OK, so weve decided to spend most of our time fishing relatively closeto shore or shoals. But remember, water depth is relative. For some large,deep waterbodies, shallow water could be 50 feet. For many others, itcould be under 10 feet.

Where do you cast? Again, as a good rule of thumb, your lure or baitshould be close to areas where the shoreline drops away more quickly thanothers in the vicinity. Rocky areas and rock piles are usually home to cray-fish and smaller fish and are excellent places to cast. If you know the fishyou are after prefer warm and very shallow water, try casting around logs,stumps, and areas of thick weeds.

TIP: Fish on windswept shorelines. If the wind is blowing,and casting becomes a bit more difficult, try fishing the shore-

lines that have waves lapping on them. This wave actionoften roils the water near shore, creating ideal conditions forminnows or crayfish. If these smaller creatures are around,larger predator fish will not be far away.

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Fishing Streams and Rivers

SOME STREAM AND RIVER ANGLERS will tell you that this kind of fish-

ing is so much fun it makes their palms sweat. Every stretch of water offersa whole new adventure. Here are some basic tips for locating fish andgetting your bait where they can have a nibble.

Spinning and spincasting gear are fine for stream fishing. You do notrequire flyfishing equipment. Generally, you will use lighter line, up to sixpound test, and live bait such as small worms or insects, like grasshoppersor maybe hellgrammites, on a single small hook. Unless the current isstrong, you might not use sinkers or split-shot. Also, swivels may not beneeded unless you are using a spinner for a bit of flash.

Fish in streams love shade. Usethe current to carry your bait understructure such as log jams or otherobstructions, beneath stream bankscarved out by the current and

behind large rocks or boulders. These areas can be

particularly productive if the water is a bit deeperthan in other stretches. Deep pools are usually thebest spots to fish, especially if they have a bit ofstructure, like large rocks or a submerged log. Inshallow water areas look for a stretch with smallerrocks that cause a riffle. This surface current area is

a haven for fish that are actively feeding.Let the current carry your bait downstream at its

own speed and try to position the bait so it will enterthe strike zone naturally. By the way, culverts and bridges are favouritefishing holes because of the shade they offer. Cast upstream and let your

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Some people have the notion that fishing improves the further you travel.Not true. Urban areas can provide many hours of fun fishing without thecost of a long trip.

If you live in a town or a city, check with your local tackle retailer. Theywill tell you the best and closest places to fish.

Fish in low light periods. Most fish are not fond of bright sunlight; theireyes are not adapted for bright conditions. While fish are unpredictableand can be caught almost anytime, most avid anglers will tell you that fish-ing in low light conditions usually produces more fish. Early mornings orevenings are prime fishing times; overcast days are also ideal. Fishing

seems to improve when storms are approaching. Some diehards love tofish in the rain and well into the night.

TIP: Never dispose of fishing line in or near the water.Birds and animals find it attractive and many have beenharmed or killed by becoming entangled in discarded line.

Ice Fishing

IF YOU REALLY GET THE FISHING BUG, you can fish almost all yearlong. Some anglers prefer winter fishing to open-water angling. Ice fishingis permitted in all but a few areas of the country, and the fishing can beexceptional.

Obviously, the most important thing to do before you head out to yourfrozen destination is to confirm beyond all doubt that the ice is a safethickness for you, your friends, and all your gear. Speaking of gear, youshould take along an ice auger to drill your holes. Powered augers only

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take a few seconds to drill through 30 inches of ice. A manual auger mighttake you closer to 3 or 4 minutes.

Deciding where to drill holes can be a little challenging, as many fishchange their behaviour in winter. If you know the contour of the lake, tryto drill your holes in different depths and over a variety of bottom structures.Safe ice, close to incoming streams, is often a good place to start. Mid-lakeshoals can also be very productive.

As a rule, you will have more success if you move your bait up anddown frequently. This is called jigging. Lift your rod three to five feet, afew times each minute. This can attract fish that would not otherwise see

your bait.Although artificial baits can be effective through the ice, most anglers

prefer either live or dead minnows. Check the regulations in your area tobe certain which baits are allowed. Check too, to confirm how many fish-ing lines you are allowed. Two lines are common, and you must stay closeto those lines all the time you are fishing.

A great way to see if ice fishing is for you is to locate a hut rental opera-tor and share the cost with a few friends. The hut is cozy, and operatorsusually place them on good fishing spots.

TIP: Freezing cold temperatures can harm fish. Any fishthat you intend to release while ice fishing should bereleased immediately, preferably without taking it out of thewater.

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Part 6:Catching, Landing and

Releasing FishWas that a fish biting?

What does a bite feel like and what should you do when you feel it?A bite can feel like a lot of things, but every time you feel a bump or

tug on your line, even a very small one, lift your rod tip straight up,firmly, and as fast as you can. This is called setting the hook. If you feelany resistance at all, start to reel in your line. Theres a good chance youhave caught a fish.

TIP: Use sharp hooks. Your hooks can never be too sharp.Keep a small whetstone or fine file in your tackle box andcheck the point of your hook from time to time, especiallyafter you have been caught on bottom. Points often get

dull, making it more difficult to set the hook through thetough mouth of a fish. Professional anglers sharpen theirhooks constantly.

With live bait, like worms, a fish might nibble a couple of times, so youmight get a second chance. But most often, particularly with lures or artificialbait, one chance is all you get to set the hook. More fish are lost becauseof slow or very weak hook-sets than for any other reason.

It takes a little practice to tell a bite or a hit from the feel of your baitbouncing on bottom or hitting a stick or weed. Set the hook every time

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you feel something bump your line. Hook sets are free. If it isnt a fish ithasnt cost you a dime.

TIP: Dont be a lightning rod. Get off the water duringthunder and lightning storms. Standing on shore or sitting ina boat holding a rod that can serve as a lightning conductoris just plain dumb.

Landing a fishIf everything has gone right and you have hooked a fish, the next job is

getting it to shore or the boat.To do this, keep your rod tip up and face directly at the spot where

your line disappears into the water. If you sense that the fish is relativelysmall and is quite easy to retrieve, keep reeling steadily. If it is a larger fish,hang on. Youre in for some fun.

If you set your drag correctly, as we described back in the chapter onreels, a larger fish will be able to pull some line off your reel and you willhear a clicking sound from your reel. If you are having difficulty retrievingthe fish and no line is being pulled, slowly turn your drag control clock-wise until the fish is able to pull out some line. Continue reeling until thefish begins to come to you but can still pull some line. In this way, nomatter how hard the fish pulls it cant break your line. Be careful not toloosen the drag too much with a large fish. If it pulls too much line out,

the line will go slack between the rod tip and the fish. At this point, thefish could dislodge the hook and get away with a few shakes of its head.then youll be shaking your head.

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As quickly as possible, without rushing, guide the fish toward the boator shore and your landing net or shallow water. Once the fish is close, youhave a decision to make. Is this a fish you will want to release or is it a fishyou want to keep to eat?

TIP: Never play a fish longer than you need to land it. Alengthy period of exertion could reduce the chances of thefish surviving if you plan to release it to swim, and perhapsspawn, another day.

FISH FACT: Anglers in Canada spend almost $7billion a year on fishing-related purchases.

Releasing fish

Your decision whether tokeep or release a fish must bemade quickly, as it determineshow you will handle it. In somecases, the fish is obviously toosmall. In other cases, the fishcould be too large or perhaps a

species for which the season is not open. If you plan to eat your fish, try tokeep fish that are in the smaller size range for that species. Generally, theseare the best tasting. Larger fish are those that reproduce or spawn.Wherever possible, you are encouraged to release these carefully. There are

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If you are keeping the fish, it should be killed cleanly and quickly witha sharp rap on the head just behind the eyes. Keep the fish on ice in acooler until you are ready to clean it. Properly handled fish are muchbetter tasting than those that are not killed and put on ice quickly.

TIP: If you spot a piece of structure like a rock pile or twocrossed logs, never cast your lure directly at the structure.Always cast about 20 feet past, then swim your bait slowlyover, or immediately beside the item. This area is called thestrike zone. If you feel a bump on your line, set the hook. Hard!

39

they say the big

muskies are hitting

surface lures!



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2. Now, run the knife along one side of the backbone, cutting close to,but not through, the rib cage. Pull the meat away from the bones asyou go.

3. Run your knife through the fish, from behind the dorsal fin down tothe vent. Now, run the knife along the spine right back to the tail.

4. Repeat this cut on the other side of the fish, leaving two fillets, joinedat the middle, skin attached. The entrails of the fish remain with thehead, bones and fins.

5. Separate the two fillets at the middle. Lay each skin-side down on aflat surface. To remove the skin, hold the tail tightly and run your

knife blade away from you, sliding between the skin and the flesh.Repeat on the other side of the fish. Keep the fillets of fish refrigerateduntil you are ready to cook them.

TIP: When you clean your fish, check the stomach contentsto see what they have been eating. This will give you a clueas to what to use for bait.

Lets eat!

Canadas fish are famous for their flavour. It is important not to over-cook fish or it will dry out and lose its taste. Cook fish a maximum of 10minutes per inch of thickness.

Cookbooks have been written about cooking fish, but here are two very

simple recipes to get you started. Both use skinless, boneless fillets of fish.

Fish au naturel

Simply cook your fillets in a frying pan over medium heat in a little bit

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of oil or butter. Be careful not to overcook. Turn once. Fish is done when itis soft and firm and will flake easily when separated with a fork.

If you wish to coat your fillets, dip them in a little milk or a beaten eggand then roll in coating (bread crumbs, special fish coating, or crackercrumbs) before frying.

Fish in foil

An aluminum foil package is a great way to cook fish or fillets at acampfire or in the oven at home.

Wrap your fish and a couple of dabs of margarine in two layers of foil.

Season with garlic powder and a little pepper. If it suits your taste, you cantop the fish with slices of lemon, lime or onion.

Seal carefully and place on the hot coals of a campfire, turning at leastonce. Remember, no more than 10 minutes of cooking for each inch ofthickness. In an oven at home, place the wrapped fillets on a cookie sheetin a 375 degree oven for 10 minutes. Check to be sure fish is cookedbefore serving.

There are thousands of fish recipes to be found in fishing magazines,cookbooks and on the internet. Experimenting with new recipes is a bigpart of the fun of fishing.

TIP: Fish will keep on ice for a couple days and can befrozen for some great eating up to about 6 months. But forthe best possible flavour, eat it fresh.

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PART 8:FISHING WITH KIDS

YOU CANT BEAT FISHING as a perfect activity the whole family canenjoy. There are lakes, rivers and streams close to virtually every personliving in Canada. The cost of equipment is far less than almost any othersport you can name, and fishing is great fun for kids and adults of all ages.

Experts in child psychology pick fishing as one of the very best waysparents can spend time with their kids. Kids feel reassured and valuedwhen they spend time enjoying the same activity as their parents. The

shared experience contributes to a childs emotional development. Butmost of all, fishing is just plain fun.

Some tips for parents

When selecting a time to go fishing, especially the first time, try toavoid days when the weather is questionable. Rainstorms and highwinds can ruin an outing.

Check with your local fishing tackle retailer or an experienced angler

to find a location where the kids are most likely to catch fish, evensmall ones like perch or other panfish. Kids care more about catchingnumbers of fish. Size is not as important to them.

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Match the length of the outing to their attention span. Younger kidstend to get bored more easily than older ones. If they show signs ofboredom, or if the fishing action is a little slow, encourage them to gofor a swim or go exploring. There are always lots of neat things tocheck out when you are beside a river or lake. If you are in a boat, gofor a ride from time to time, or stop off at shore and take a shortwalk.

Take plenty of drinks and snacks along. Make it a special event. Make sure everyone is dressed to be comfortable. Take along rainsuits,

sunscreen, insect repellent and hats to help guarantee a reasonable

comfort level for everyone. Try not to measure the success of your trip by the number of fish

caught. Often, kids and adults alike find enjoyment just experiencingthe outdoors. The fishing is often just an excuse to spend timetogether.

If you intend to keep some fish to eat, make sure to follow the fishhandling instructions in the earlier chapters. This will ensure that kidslearn to develop a respect for fish and understand that eating fish isan acceptable practice; and, they learn to handle them humanely.

FISH FACT: When a hook penetrates a fishs mouth,it does not feel pain. If a fish had pain sensors in its mouth,it would not be able to eat spiny critters like crayfish and thespiny rays of fish fins and would die of starvation.

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PART 9:WHAT ARE YOU

WAITING FOR?YOU HAVE ALL THE INFORMATION YOU NEED. Its time to CatchFishing! Oh yeah. Now that you are officially qualified as a genuineCanadian angler you are duty bound to introduce others to this magnifi-cent pastime. Enjoy!

Theres a dream fish waiting for you!

45

l. to r. Rick Amsbury, Gerry Scott and guide Fred Helmer with

600 lb. sturgeon, Fraser River, B.C.

Ph

oto:BillOtway



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Date Body of Water Weather Fish Caught/Released Biggest Fish

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Where Do I Find Out About Fishing In My Area?

PROV. FISHING LICENCES TELEPHONE WEBSITE

Alberta 780-944-0313 www.srd.alberta.ca/fishwildlife/fishingalbertaBritish Columbia 604-660-2421 www.env.gov.bc.ca/fw/fishManitoba 800-214-6497 www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/fisheriesNew Brunswick 506-453-2440 www.gnb.ca/0254/index-e.aspNewfoundland & Labrador 800-563-6353 www.gov.nl.ca/env/wildlifeNorth West Territories 800-661-0788 www.nwtwildlife.com/fishingNova Scotia 902-485-5056 www.gov.ns.ca/fish/sportfishingNunavut 866-686-2888 http://www.gov.nu.ca/env/fisheries.shtmlOntario 800-667-1940 www.mnr.gov.on.ca/mnr/fishing

Prince Edward Island 902-368-4683 www.gov.pe.ca/envengfor/index.php3?number=1006024&lang=EQuebec 418-627-8600 www.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/english/wildlifeSaskatchewan 306-787-2467 www.environment.gov.sk.ca

Yukon 867-667-5721 www.environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/fishing

FISHING RELATED SITES ACROSS CANADAFreshwater Fisheries of BC www.gofishbc.comFamily Fishing Society of BC www.bcfamilyfishing.comFishing Alberta www.fishalberta.comManitoba Water Stewardship - Fisheries www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/fisheriesNewfoundland & Outdoor Sportsman www.newfoundlandsportsman.com

Yukon Fishing www.yukonfishing.comFishing Saskatchewan www.fishingsaskatchewan.caOntario Federation of Anglers & Hunters www.ofah.orgOntario Family Fishing Weekend www.familyfishingweekend.comNova Scotia Fishing www.novascotiafishing.comNew Brunswick Fishing www.newbrunswickfishing.com

Nunavut Tourism www.nunavuttourism.comNorthwest Territories Wildlife www.nwtwildlife.comDeep Sea Fishing in Prince Edward Island www.gov.pe.ca/visitorsguideAnglers Atlas www.anglersatlas.com

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