Catchment Management and Water

Source Protection- imperatives for

achieving universal access to Water,

Sanitation and Hygiene Services

Louis Mugisha

Team Leader-Kyoga WMZ

Directorate of Water Resources Management

•Water for People

– Water supply and wastewater treatment and disposal

•Water for Food

– Irrigation, livestock watering, post-harvest processing

•Water for Nature

– Quality, quantity and distribution for healthy ecosystems

•Water for Other Uses

– Energy, navigation, fisheries, drainage and flood management, industry

Importance of water: four water uses

Water Resources challenges

• Rapid population growth – 3.4%/a

• Increased demands for HEP, agricultural production,

domestic water supply, industry etc

• Degradation of water resources due to urbanization,

industrialization, poor land use practices etc

• Problems: water shortages, water quality deterioration,

floods and drought etc.

The above problems are impediments to achieving universal access to

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene services and so need to be addressed

through a collaborative and coordinated approavh by all stakeholders

POLICY FRAMEWORK

The 1999 National Water Policy(NWP) objective states as

follows: ”To manage and develop the water resources of Uganda in an integrated and sustainable manner, so as to secure and provide water of adequate quantity and quality for all social and economic needs of the present and future generations and with the full participation of all stakeholders”

The policy promotes an integrated approach to management of water

resources in ways that are sustainable and most beneficial to the

country

It is based on the continuing recognition of the social value of water,

while at the same time giving much more attention to its economic

value and to the importance of the participation of stakeholders in its

management and development.

WRM Reforms……… In line with NWP,Uganda undertook a WRM reform study from

2003 to 2005 with the objective

“To establish an effective framework for Water Resources

Management in Uganda to ensure that water resources

are managed in an integrated and sustainable manner”

Reform study led to preparation of a WRM reform strategy-

Paradigm shift in WRM from centralised to

Catchment/Basin

- Victoria Water

Management Zone

- Kyoga Water

Management Zone

- Albert Water

Management Zone

- Upper Nile Water

Management Zone

Operationalization of WMZ

• WMZ offices will be created with 19 staff in each zone in the long run

• In short run and starting July 2011, each zone has 5 officers(Water Quality, Water regulation, Groundwater, Surface water and Sociology/Social science)

• One of the staff at Principal or Senior Officer level is a Team Leader

• WMZ offices: Albert (Fort Portal), Kyoga (Mbale), Upper Nile (Lira) and Victoria (Mbarara)

LAKE

River Basin Boundary

Irrigation

Navigation

A Typical River Basin

Industry

Urban WSS

Precipitation

Agriculture Department

Irrigation Department

Rural Water Supply Department

Urban Water Supply Department

Power Department

Livestock Department

Industry Department

Environment Department

Fisheries Department

Transport Department

Tourism Department

Groundwater Department

Surface Water Department

Reservoir

Recreation

Hydropower

Forest Department

Lake development/ CZM/Department

Fishing

Rainfed Agr

Livestock

Forest

Rural WSS

Irrigation

Groundwater

Infiltration / Recharge

Base Flow / Pumping

Groundwater Inflow

Groundwater Outflow

Runoff

Return Flow

Community Use

Wetlands / Environment

Trans-boundary Water Institutions 9

For sustainable water resources management and development

in any given catchment , the following among others are

needed………

An institutional framework for effective stakeholder

participation-the Catchment Management Organization(CMO)

An integrated Water Resources Management and

Development Plan- Catchment Management Plan(CMP)

A set of guiding principles to guide the planning process-the

catchment planning guidelines

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Organisational Chart

Catchment Management Organization (CMOs)

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Stakeholder

Forum

Catchment

Management

Committee

CMO

Secretariat

Broad representation

of basin stakeholders

– meets once/yr

Key stakeholders

with direct interest –

meets once/month

Lean secretariat

support staff as

required

Facilitation

provided by

WMZ Team

officers and/or

NGOs, etc.

Stakeholders to include

local government (districts

and town councils) private

sector, NGOs, umbrella

organizations (small towns

water supply), etc.

Catchment water resources management

and development planning guidelines

Step 1: Describe the catchment & build

the planning knowledge base

Step 2.2 Catchment

stakeholder

participation framework

Step 2.3: Strategic social and

environmental assessment

(SSEA)

Step 2.1: Water resources

planning analysis

Step 3: Framework for catchment

water planning

Step 4: Options and Scenario Analysis

Agreement with CMO on catchment plan

Step 5: Implementation Plan

Preparation of technical briefs for investment projects

Preparation of management actions

Enhance monitoring system to support management

What does a CMP contain?

• A set of investment plan

• A set of management plan

• Institutional/implementation plan(who will do what

and how)

• Resource Monitoring Plan

• Recommendations on policy/legal/institutional

changes

Indicative Investment Options in a catchment

management or source protection plan

• Dam & reservoir/Valley Tanks

• Rainwater harvesting (off-farm)

• Gravity diversion of water for bulk water supply for multiple purposes

• Pump delivery of water for bulk supply for multiple purposes

• Water saving irrigation technology

• Mini- & micro-hydropower/Solar power

• New or increased village or settlement drinking water supply (GW)

• New or improved bulk water supply for towns/cities

• Protection of village, town and urban water sources

• Flood risk management/preparedness

• Drain and waterway improvements

• River bank stabilization

• Contour bunds/Gulley control/Check dams

• Reforestation and afforestation

• Wetland restoration

Promoting incentives for

conservation

Promoting

• planting of high

yielding mangoes

in the buffer

zones(wetlands and

river banks) esp. at

landing sites

•Introducing mud fish

in wetlands

Implementation of catchment based WRM

WRM related activities ongoing in 12 Catchment:

• Rwizi catchment in Victoria WMZ (with GIZ)- CMP 80% complete, expected to be done by end of June 16

• Mpanga catchment in Albert WMZ(with Protos)- CMP completed

• Semliki Catchment in Albert WMZ (with WWF)- CMP completed

• Maziba catchment in Victoria WMZ (with Kagera Project/NELSAP)- CMP completed

• Rubaya/Ruhenzamyenda catchment in Albert WMZ (with Kigezi Diocese)- CMP completed

• Lokok and Lokere catchments (Karamoja) in Kyoga WMZ (with FAO and GIZ)- CMP preparation has just started in March 16

• Awoja Catchment (with World Bank)- CMP completed

• Mpologoma and Victoria Nile Catchments in Kyoga WMZ (with World Bank)- CMP is 60% complete, expected to be done by June/July 16

• Albert Nile and Aswa Catchments in Upper Nile WMZ (with World Bank)- CMP is 60% complete, expected to be done by June/July 16

WATER SOURCE PROTECTION

GUIDELINES

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WATER SOURCE PROTECTION

GUIDELINES

Vol.1 Framework for Water Source Protection

Vol.2 Guidelines for Protecting Piped Water Sources

Vol.3 Guidelines for Protecting Point Water Sources

Vol.4 Guidelines for Protecting Multipurpose Reservoirs

Vol.5 Guidelines for Protecting Hydro-electric Plants

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What are the guidelines for?

Protecting

• Piped water supplies – (groundwater, surface water abstraction from lakes,

rivers and reservoirs)

• Point Water Sources – (boreholes, wells, springs)

• Multipurpose reservoirs and valley tanks – (surface water impoundments and abstraction from

rivers, lakes, reservoirs, surface runoff)

• Hydroelectric Power Plants – (hydroelectric dams, run-of-river hydroelectric power

stations)

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Soil erosion and siltation of water

bodies

Reduced water levels and flows

leading to seasonally insufficient

water supply for the local

communities and water dependent

businesses and other activities

Flooding

Poor water quality

Crop cultivation on deforested bare hill

slopes and encroachment on wetlands

Role of land degradation and

deforestation

Why the Guidelines

• Regulate and guide the protection of Water

Source Points because of the following issues

and challenges:

Fluctuating water quantity….including declining

amounts available for use on regular basis + scarcity

+ exhaustion of water resources

Declining water quality…resulting into increasing use

of unclean/unsafe water + high cots of water

treatment before supply

Relationship between condition of “source” and

quantity +quality of water for use.

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Aim Objectives

1. Improved Water

Quality 1.1. Health: Minimise the risk to human and livestock health

1.2 Equipment: Minimise risk of damage to pumps and water services

equipment (e.g. through corrosion)

2. Reliable Water

Quantity 2.1 Yield: Ensure adequate yield to meet water supply demand

2.2. Reliability: Minimise seasonal disruption or halt long term declines in

water flows/levels

3. Better Livelihood

Opportunities 3.1 Sustainable Land Management: Increase level and reliability of

household income from better farming and forestry practices.

3.2 Poverty Reduction: Develop new sources of income and socio-economic

security through better catchment management.

Objectives of Water Source Protection