Date post: | 18-Jan-2015 |
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The Future of Renewable Gas in Ireland
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Some Context ….
• Energy demand in Ireland has increased by 72% from 1991 to 2008 characterised by;• The Renewable Energy targets are quite challenging;
• 40% of electricity to come from renewable sources by 2020• 12% of heat to be derived from renewable sources by 2020 • Renewable resources to account for 10% of all transport fuel by 2020
• Ireland is making progress addressing RES (E);• 11.8% of 2009 electricity consumption from renewable sources
• RES (H) and RES (T) progress towards targets have been slow to date;• 3.6% of thermal energy and 1.2% of transport energy from renewable sources in 2008
• Landfill Directive• Renewable gas produced from biomass using Anaerobic Digestion represents a significant and
under represented source of renewable energy in Ireland.
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Biogas is produced when feedstocks, such as organic wastes, and energy crops, are converted into biogas using anaerobic digestion technology
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Injection into the gas network may look like…
Substrat (s) Methanisation Treatment (CO 2 ,H 2 S,
water, traces) Raw biogas
• Bio waste • Sewage • Food - processing waste • …
Composition: • 50 - 65% CH 4 • 30 - 40% CO 2 • water • H 2 S • NH 3 • traces
Upgraded gas
Composition similar to natural gas
Control (CH 4 , CO 2 , water, H 2 S)
Di
ge
sta
t
Odorisation
Regulator for flow / pressure (2 nd compressor?)
Compression (few bars)
Metering
Control of gas quality
Injection point
Valve
Natural gas Natural gas + Biogas Vent or storage
If quality is not good enough!
Out of the limits
Safety equipments (shut - off valve, safety
valve … )
Substrat (s) Methanisation Treatment (CO 2 ,H 2 S,
water, traces) Raw biogas
• Bio waste • • Food - processing waste • Energy crops …
Composition: • 50 - 65% CH 4 • 30 - 40% CO 2 • water • H 2 S • NH 3 • traces
Upgraded gas
Composition similar to natural gas
Process Control (CH4 , CO2, O2, H2S, H2O)
Digestat
Odorisation/ LPG*
Regulator for flow / pressure (2 nd compressor?)
Compression
Metering
Control of gas quality
Injection point
Valve
Natural gas Natural gas + Biogas Vent or storage
If quality is not good enough!
Out of the limits
Safety equipments (shut - off valve, safety
valve … )
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Linkoping Sweden
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Feed stock for Linkoping
7,000t/a of pig slurry
47,000t/a of slaughter waste
Blood and process waterpumped in
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Biogas treatment
Collection over digester
Scrubbing Compression and storage
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65 buses, 10 waste collection lorries, 600 cars…
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And a train
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Biogas from grass as transport fuel in Salzburg
harvest silage storage
macerator
Source: energiewerkstatt, IEA and persona photos
anaerobic digester
weigh bridge
Biogas service station
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Renewable Gas has a key role to play in a low carbon future for Ireland
• Simple efficiency measures across all sectors
• Decarbonised electricity fuels zero emission cars
• Decarbonise gas using renewable gas
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Opportunity– Renewable Heating
Biomethane for Heating• Utilise the Bord Gáis gas network as a route to market for
renewable heating with biomethane (BioNG):– Over 700,000 domestic and 30,000 I/C customers served
by the network.– Uses existing meters (incl. Smart Meters when available).– Minimal changes to supplier billing systems.– No disruption to premises required – will allow customers
switch to renewable heating with a phone call!– Used in existing appliances….. At very high efficiencies
• e.g. 80% for a gas boiler, • as a renewable fuel source for domestic and I/C CHP
units).– Increases national fuel diversity and security of supply.– Significant contribution towards the RES-H target possible.
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Opportunity- Renewable Transport
Biomethane for Transport• Utilise the Bord Gáis gas network as a route to
market for renewable transport with biomethane (BioCNG):– Over 11 million cars worldwide running on
CNG incl. Germany, Italy.– Bi-fuel cars and vans available – can switch
from petrol to CNG seamlessly at the push of a button!
– Significant contribution towards the RES-T target possible and reductions in national CO2 levels.
– Proven vehicle and re-fuelling options available today.
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Biomethane across Europe
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Potential for Renewable Gas in Ireland
Figures converted from PJ to mscm natural Gas equivalent (@ 36.8 MJ/m³)
Practical (mscm pa)
Agricultural Slurry 51
OFMSW 15.6
Slaughter Waste 18.6
Surplus Grass 325.7
Total 410
As % of total Irish gas demand 7.5%
• Notes: • 1. 3,873,525 tonnes agricultural slurry x 12.8m3 methane (CH4) per tonne x 1/0.97= 51.3Mm3 biomethane per annum (with
97% CH4 content).
• 2. 870,000 tonnes OFMSW x 25% recoverable x 69 m3 CH4 per tonne x 1/0.97= 15.6 Mm3 biomethane per annum.
• 3. 208,877 tonnes slaughter waste x 86 m3 CH4 per tonne x 1/0.97= 18.6 Mm3 biomethane per annum.
• 4. 97,500 hectares x 3,240 m3 CH4 per hectare x 1/0.97 = 325.7 Mm3 biomethane per annum.
• 5. Conversion assumes biomethane has an energy content of 36.8 MJ/Mm3.
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Irish Renewable Targets
National Targets• RES-E: 40% electricity from renewable sources by 2020.• RES-H: 12% heating from renewable sources by 2020:
– Renewable energy accounted for 3.6% of thermal energy in 2008– Bio methane could deliver 6.5% to this target
• RES-T: 10% renewable fuels for transport by 2020:– Renewable energy accounted for 1.2% of transport energy in 2008– Bio methane could exceed this target (12%)
• Source: SEI EPSSU Energy in Ireland Key Statistics 2009.
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The Cost of Producing Biomethane
Feedstock/scenario €/mn3
OFMSW (50,000 t/a) 0.14
Slaughter Waste (50,000 t/a) 0.73
Grass (137 ha, farm model) 0.97
Grass (137 ha, developer model)
1.10
Co-digest (slurry & grass) 1.23
Slurry (29,700 t/a) 1.83
The Cost of producing Biomethane, Green Gas Technologies Ltd., March 2010
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Regional potential for grass biomethane
• Assessment criteria– Pasture area– Grass yields– Current farming practice– Gas grid coverage– Availability of belly grass
Source:
Determing the regional potential for a grass biomethane industry, Submitted to Applied Energy, October 2010.
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Resource mapping
Source: EPA Corine Land Cover Data
Percentage pasture
Grass yields, gas grid & slaughter-houses
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Potential for grass
Grass biogas Grass biomethane Grass + belly grass biomethane
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Ballyhoura
Ballyhoura:• Within an area of high
potential• High pasture coverage• Good gas grid coverage• Good availability of belly
grass
Resource calculation:• 20 km transport distance to
gas grid
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Ballyhoura: enough biomethane to heat 32,000 homes
Annual
feedstock
Biomethane
(Mmn3 yr-1)
Energy
(PJ yr-1)
Cars
(nr yr-1)
Houses
(nr yr-1)
Grass silage 261,727 ha 910.6 33.37 855,696 644,250
5% grass
silage
13,086 ha 45.5 1.67 42,785 32,213
Belly grass 5094 t
(20%DS)
0.3 0.01 316 238
Total (5%
grass + belly
grass)
45.9 1.68 43,101 32,450
Number of private cars in Limerick (city + county): 84,170
Number of meter points in Limerick (city + county): 25,366