of 44
1Sea buckthorn in Northeast Germany -its cultivation, experiences and research
by
Dr. Rolf Hornig,LMS AgrarberatungDr. Friedrich Hhne,
LFA Mecklenburg-VorpommernGriseldis Dahlmann,
rihaWeserGold, Mostobstanbau Schwechow
International Conference Neubrandenburg28th - 29th November 2012
Content1. Introduction2. Natural range3. Biological characteristics4. Data on sea buckthorn cultivation in Northeast Germany5. Demands on the location6. Cultivation in orchards7. Harvesting8. Overview: Sea buckthorn trials in
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania9. Brief look at the German-Estonian variety trial10. Use of sea buckthorn11. Conclusion
2
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
3Natural range of sea buckthorn (Hippopha rhamnoides L.)
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
:
D
a
r
m
e
r
,
G
.
1
9
5
2
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
4deciduous shrub, between 2 to 5 m tall, rarely up to 10 m
thorny branches
spreading root system
in symbiotic relationship with soil actinomycetes (nitrogen fixation)dioecious, with separate male and female plants
pollination is only possible by wind
Biological characteristics
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
5SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
View of a sea buckthorn orchard
6SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Old sea buckthorn plantation in Estonia
7deciduous shrub, between 2 to 5 m tall, rarely up to 10 m
thorny branches
spreading root system
in symbiotic relationship with soil actinomycetes (nitrogen fixation)dioecious, with separate male and female plants
pollination is only possible by wind
Biological characteristics
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
8SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Development of sea buckthorn area in Northeast Germany
Reference: Statistisches Bundesamt
n.d. n.d.0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1980 1990 2000 2005 2011
H
e
c
t
a
r
e
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Brandenburg Saxony-Anhalt
9SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
:
g
o
o
g
l
e
.
m
a
p
s
Farms ( ) withsea buckthorncultivation inNortheast Germany
10
full light, does not tolerate shade
deep, porous and well aerated soil
optimal pH value between 6.0 to 8.0
moisture sensitive plant, a water level of 1.5 to 3.0 m deep is ideal
additional irrigation should take into account
windy sites can be advantageous (pollination)
Demands on the location
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
11
Propagation by hardwood cuttings in tree nurserys
planting in single rows
distances between planting rows: 4,00 to 4,50 m and within the rows: 1,00 to 1,50 m
Cultivation in orchards
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
12
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Propagation by hardwood cuttings
13
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Young sea buckthorn orchard, open soil
14
male and female ratio: 1 : 8 - 1 : 10
arrangement of male plants in the orchard: mixed rows orsingle rows
approximately 1.500 female shrubs per hectare (net area)soilmanagement: within the rows open soil (mechanical
weed clearing or herbicide use) and betweeen the rowsgrass
exspected life of a plantation: 25 to 30 years
Cultivation in Orchards
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
15
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Grass between the rows
16
Variety Approval August September OctoberSirola 2006Frugana 1986Askola 1990Hergo 1983Dorana 1990Habego 2006Leikora 1979Variety Approval August September October
German sea buckthorn varieties and their harvest time
17
Manually
Crushing the berries at the twigs
Picking by hand
Mechanical Harvesting
Berry-shaker: Shaking off the berries at the shrub
Cutting the fruit branches with hand pruners andpneumatic scissors, afterwards a freezing process
Cutting the branches with a (full-)harvester,afterwards a freezing prozess
Harvesting
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
18
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Picking by hand
19
Manually
Crushing the berries at the twigs
Picking by hand
Mechanical Harvesting
Berry-shaker: Shaking off the berries at the shrub
Cutting the fruit branches with hand pruners andpneumatic scissors, afterwards a freezing process
Cutting the branches with a (full-)harvester,afterwards a freezing prozess
Harvesting
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
20
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Berry-shaker
21
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Berry-shaker in use
22
Manually
Crushing the berries at the twigs
Picking by hand
Mechanical Harvesting
Berry-shaker: Shaking off the berries at the shrub
Cutting the fruit branches with hand pruners andpneumatic scissors, afterwards a freezing process
Cutting the branches with a (full-)harvester,afterwards a freezing prozess
Harvesting
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
23
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Cutting fruit branches
24
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Cutting fruit branches
25
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Transportation of fruit branches
26
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Foto
Branch harvester
27
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Branch harvester in use
28
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
After mechanical harvesting, leaving a hedge
29
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Preparation of the branches for the freezing process
30
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
31
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Quickly freezing tunnel
32
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Machine for separating the frozen berries from the branches
33
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
34
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Nitrogen tank
35
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Year Topic Site2005 German-estonian variety trial (12) at 4 sites2008 Fertilisation and irrigation trial Glzow2009 variety trial (7) Glzow2009 Sea buckthorn graftings (7 varieties) Glzow2011 Sea buckthorn graftings (7 varieties) Glzow2011 Fertilisation and irrigation trial Schwechow2011 Variety testing (of German origin) Schwechow2011 Replant problems Ludwigslust2012 Variety testing (of Swedish origin [5]) Schwechow
Sea buckthorn trials in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
36
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
German origin Estonian/Russian originAskola Botanitcheskaja LjubitelskajaDorana Gibrid PertsikaFrugana OtradnajaHabego Podaruk SaduHergo TrofimovskajaLeikoraSirola
German origin Estonian/Russian originPollmix, 1 4 Pollmix
Brief look at the German-Estonian variety trial
Female
Male
37
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Right: Plant with Verticillium symptoms, left: healthy plant
0 5 10 15
DoranaFrugana
Podarok SaduOtradnaja
HergoAskola
Gibrid PertsikaTrofimovskaja
B. LjubitelskajaHabego
SirolaLeikora
Number of plants
GlzowSchwechow
Dead plants until 2011 (n = 15), German sites
39
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Yield in the crop yearAverage of 3 years of harvests at the German sites (1.230 shrubs per hectare)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
OtradnajaB. Ljubitelskaja
Askola
Sirola
Hergo
Leikora
Habego
t/ha
Adjusted Yield (consideration of plant losses) Yield (without losses)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
B. LjubitelskajaPodarok Sadu
FruganaOtradnaja
SirolaHergo
TrofimovskajaGibrid Pertsika
HabegoAskola
LeikoraDorana
mg/l
20112009
Content of ascorbic acid, site Schwechow, 2009 and 2011SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
0 50 100 150 200
HergoLeikora
B. LjubitelskajaFruganaDoranaAskola
Gibrid PertsikaTrofimovskaja
HabegoPodarok Sadu
SirolaOtradnaja
mg/l
20112009
Content of total-carotene, site Schwechow, 2009 und 2011SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
42
Food
Health food, Functional Food
Pharmaceuticals
Medicinal
Veterinary care
Beverages
Dyes
(Potential) use of sea buckthornSEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
43
Sea buckthorn is still a young fruit crop in Europe.
The market potential is not yet fully discovered.
Established knowledge of varieties and cultivation are available.
Special machines for the harvest, freezing and shake off exist as pilot plants.
Sea buckthorn offer varied opportunities as a new (niche) crop in commercial fruit growing.
Conclusion
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
44
Thank you very much for yourattention!
SEA BUCKTHORN IN NORTHEAST GERMANY
Hohne
