Cato Instute 2019 Welfare, Work, and Wealth Naonal …...Cato Institute 2019 Welfare, Work, and...

Cato Institute 2019 Welfare, Work, and Wealth National Survey | www.cato.org Page 1 of 195

Cato Institute 2019 Welfare, Work, and Wealth National Survey Cato Institute/ YouGov N=1,700 Margin of error +/- 2.2%. Columns may not add up to 100% due to rounding.

List of Tables

1. Causes of wealth ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. Causes of poverty ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3. Support for increasing spending on food assistance ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4. What is the cause if people are poor? ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5. Would people on welfare rather earn their own living? .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6. Main purpose behind welfare .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7. Does welfare help people get started again or make them dependent? ................................................................................................................................................................. 8. How should welfare money be spent? ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9. Effectiveness of government efforts to fight poverty ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 10. Does the government know enough to eliminate poverty? ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 11. Will economic growth or government spending do more to help people get out of poverty? ............................................................................................................................... 12. Willingness to move to another state to find work .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13. Agree or disagree: .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) Hard work is its own reward....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... b) I feel like I have purpose in my life; my life has meaning ...........................................................................................................................................................................

14. Importance of planning for the future vs. living each day to the fullest .................................................................................................................................................................. 15. Importance of fulling obligation vs. seeking personal satisfaction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16. Participation trophies ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Summary Table 1: Attitudes toward capitalism and socialism ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 17. Attitudes toward capitalism and socialism: ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) Favorability of capitalism............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ b) Favorability of socialism .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

18. Favor or oppose raising taxes on families with incomes over $200K per year ......................................................................................................................................................... 19. Favor or oppose raising to top marginal tax rate ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20. Agree or disagree: .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) Wealth should be taken from the rich and given the poor ........................................................................................................................................................................ b) Inequality in the distribution of wealth is unjust .......................................................................................................................................................................................

21. Attitudes toward the rich and poor: ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... a) Attitudes toward the rich ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... b) Attitudes toward the poor ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

22. Should people be allowed to become billionaires? ..................................................................................................................................................................................................

5 7 9

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 29 30 30 31 32 32 33 34


Cato Institute 2019 Welfare, Work, and Wealth National Survey

Summary Table 2: Attitudes toward the rich ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23. Agree or disagree: .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) There is nothing wrong with a person trying to make as much money as they can .................................................................................................................................. b) We are all better off when people get rich ................................................................................................................................................................................................ c) Billionaires earned their wealth by creating value for other people .......................................................................................................................................................... d) We shouldn’t let people get too rich .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... e) People admire the rich too much ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... f) Billionaires are a threat to democracy ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... g) It’s immoral for society to allow people to become billionaires ................................................................................................................................................................ h) I feel angry when I read or hear about very rich people ............................................................................................................................................................................

24. Feelings of admiration or resentment of the rich ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25. Is violence against the rich ever justified? ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26. Do most rich people earn their wealth or take advantage of others? ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27. Have you donated or volunteered in the last 12 months? ....................................................................................................................................................................................... Summary Table 3: Rating of local economic conditions .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28. Rating of local conditions:.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) Finding good jobs ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... b) Finding decent, affordable housing ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ c) Accessing a decent education for your children......................................................................................................................................................................................... d) Moving up financially .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Summary Table 3: Affordability of key household budget items ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 29. Affordability of key budget items: ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) Educational costs ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ b) Gas/other transportation costs .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. c) Monthly utility bills ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... d) Your rent or mortgage ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ e) Food ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ f) Childcare ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... g) Credit card bills ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

30. Ever received government welfare assistance ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31. Currently receiving government welfare assistance ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32. Economic experiences .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33. Financial fragility ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34. Has the lack of a credential prevented you or someone you know from getting a job? .......................................................................................................................................... 35. Prefer to send kids to public or private school ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36. Favor or oppose offering higher salaries to math and science teachers .................................................................................................................................................................. 37. Favor or oppose proposal to offer tax credits to people who donate towards scholarships ................................................................................................................................... 38. Favor or oppose school vouchers ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39. Would giving parents more ability to choose child’s school help reduce poverty? ................................................................................................................................................. 40. Favor or oppose building more housing in your community .................................................................................................................................................................................... 41. Favor or oppose building more housing in your community if it meant it would be easier for people to afford housing in your neighborhood .................................................. 42. Have housing costs prevented you from moving to a better location? .................................................................................................................................................................... 43. Has a criminal record been a barrier to finding a job for you or someone you know? ............................................................................................................................................

35 37 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 50 51 52 53 54 56 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 71 72 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84



44. Does the criminal justice system treat people like you fairly? ................................................................................................................................................................................. 45. Favor or oppose decriminalizing drug offenses ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 46. How well does our criminal justice system prepare inmates for after they get out of prison? ............................................................................................................................... 47. Approval of President Trump .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 48. Impact of President Trump on attitude toward capitalism ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 49. Should government favor a particular set of values? ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 50. Preference for smaller or bigger government .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... Summary Table 5: Dispositions toward envy 1: ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51. Dispositions toward envy..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) Frustration at the other person and their advantage ................................................................................................................................................................................ b) Frustration at not obtaining what they have .............................................................................................................................................................................................

Summary Table 6: Dispositions toward envy 2: ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52. Dispositions toward envy: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) I did not like the other person at that time ................................................................................................................................................................................................ b) I was angry at the other person ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. c) I hoped that the other person would fail at something ............................................................................................................................................................................. d) I wanted to hurt the other person ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. e) I tried harder to achieve my goals .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. f) I admired the other person ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Summary Table 7: Dispositions toward envy 3 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 53. Dispositions toward envy: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) I would be a little amused by what happened to him/her ......................................................................................................................................................................... b) I would be pleased by the little misfortune that happened to him/her ..................................................................................................................................................... c) I would feel sympathy for him/her .............................................................................................................................................................................................................

Summary Table 8: Dispositions toward high achievers ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54. Dispositions toward high achievers: .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) It’s good to see very successful people fail occasionally ............................................................................................................................................................................ b) People at the top usually deserve their high position ................................................................................................................................................................................ c) Very successful people sometimes need to be brought down a peg or two ............................................................................................................................................. d) It's very important for society to support and encourage people who are very successful ...................................................................................................................... e) People who always do a lot better than others need to learn what it's like to fail .................................................................................................................................... f) One ought to be sympathetic to very successful people when they experience failure ............................................................................................................................

Summary Table 9: Locus of control .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 55. Locus of control: .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) Whether or not I get to be a leader depends mostly on my ability ........................................................................................................................................................... b) Whether or not I get into a car accident depends mostly on how good a driver I am ............................................................................................................................... c) When I make plans, I am almost certain to make them work .................................................................................................................................................................... d) How many friends I have depends on how nice a person I am .................................................................................................................................................................. e) I am usually able to protect my personal interests .................................................................................................................................................................................... f) When I get what I want, it’s usually because I worked hard for it ............................................................................................................................................................. g) My life is determined by my own actions................................................................................................................................................................................................... h) I feel like what happens in my life is mostly determined by powerful people ........................................................................................................................................... i) People like me have little chance of protecting our personal interests when they conflict with those of strong pressure groups ..........................................................

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 93 95 97 99 99

101 103 105 107 109 111 112 112 114 116 118 120 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148 150



Summary Table 10: Dispositional Envy ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 56. Dispositional envy: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) I am troubled by feelings of inadequacy .................................................................................................................................................................................................... b) Feelings of envy constantly torment me .................................................................................................................................................................................................... c) The bitter truth is that I generally feel inferior to others ........................................................................................................................................................................... d) It is so frustrating to see some people succeed so easily ........................................................................................................................................................................... e) Frankly, the success of my neighbors makes me resent them ...................................................................................................................................................................

Summary Table 11: Dispositional compassion:................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 57. Dispositional compassion: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) I tend to dislike soft-hearted people .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... b) I suffer from others' sorrows ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... c) I try not to think about the needy .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. d) I feel sympathy for those who are worse off than myself .......................................................................................................................................................................... e) I can't stand weak people ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... f) I sympathize with the homeless ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. g) I am not interested in other people's problems .........................................................................................................................................................................................

Summary Table 12: Preferences for just deserts ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 58. Preferences for just deserts: .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) Rewards and benefits in society should be distributed according to what people need, not what they produce .................................................................................... b) People should be allowed to keep what they produce, even if there are others with greater needs ....................................................................................................... c) It’s more important to help meet the needs of people than let people keep what they make ................................................................................................................ d) We would have fewer problems if people focused more on earning and less about how equal everybody is .........................................................................................

59. 2020 Democratic primary ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60. Dispositional Envy Index ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61. Resentment of High Achievers Index ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 62. Dispositional Compassion Index ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63. Belief in Personal Agency Index ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 64. Just Deserts Index ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Survey Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

152 154 154 156 158 160 162 164 166 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 180 182 182 184 186 188 190 192 193 194 195 196 197


1. Causes of wealth Of the following, which three reasons do you think are the most important in determining a person’s wealth or success? Select up to three.

Experience with Gov't Means-

Tested Welfare Assistance Party Identification

(Independent Leaners Sorted) Self Identified Ideology Self-Identify as Libertarian

Total Currently Previously Not

Received Democrat Independent Republican Very

liberal Liberal Moderate Conservative Very

conservative Not sure Libertarian

Not Libertarian

Hard work and grit 50% 47% 47% 52% 37% 50% 64% 26% 36% 52% 67% 62% 47% 54% 47% Ambition 38% 36% 41% 37% 30% 38% 45% 24% 34% 39% 44% 47% 27% 36% 37% Family connections 31% 29% 34% 30% 45% 29% 17% 48% 47% 32% 17% 17% 27% 14% 35% Risk taking 29% 22% 22% 32% 20% 32% 36% 20% 25% 28% 33% 36% 27% 34% 28% Education 27% 30% 27% 26% 29% 26% 25% 27% 24% 29% 24% 29% 27% 21% 27% Inheritance 27% 25% 30% 27% 38% 25% 16% 40% 41% 27% 17% 13% 34% 17% 31% Self-discipline and delayed gratification 27% 25% 32% 26% 19% 21% 38% 22% 16% 23% 33% 45% 22% 40% 23% Getting lucky 20% 22% 18% 19% 26% 22% 12% 31% 24% 21% 13% 10% 28% 22% 20% Natural intelligence 18% 17% 18% 18% 13% 21% 21% 13% 11% 20% 22% 23% 10% 23% 17% Race and gender 11% 18% 11% 9% 19% 8% 4% 21% 20% 9% 5% 6% 9% 11% 11% Government favors 9% 13% 8% 8% 11% 13% 5% 12% 10% 11% 6% 4% 11% 10% 9%

Attitudes Toward Capitalism Attitudes Toward Socialism Gender Race Registered

Voter

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat

unfavorable Somewhat favorable

Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable

Somewhat unfavorable

Somewhat favorable

Very favorable Yes No Male Female White Black Latino Asian Other

Hard work and grit 50% 34% 44% 47% 66% 69% 48% 36% 24% 51% 43% 48% 52% 54% 39% 45% 38% 51% Ambition 38% 29% 31% 38% 48% 45% 36% 33% 27% 38% 38% 38% 38% 41% 32% 29% 41% 35% Family connections 31% 41% 45% 31% 14% 16% 36% 43% 41% 30% 33% 26% 35% 33% 25% 26% 45% 20% Risk taking 29% 21% 20% 29% 40% 40% 22% 23% 17% 29% 30% 35% 23% 31% 23% 27% 25% 24% Education 27% 27% 24% 29% 26% 26% 29% 26% 23% 27% 26% 25% 29% 23% 38% 34% 19% 30% Inheritance 27% 39% 34% 29% 13% 15% 27% 38% 42% 27% 24% 23% 31% 27% 26% 29% 31% 20% Self-discipline and delayed gratification 27% 13% 20% 27% 40% 37% 22% 19% 19% 27% 30% 29% 25% 29% 25% 21% 11% 39% Getting lucky 20% 23% 24% 21% 13% 12% 21% 26% 28% 20% 15% 21% 18% 19% 19% 23% 32% 18% Natural intelligence 18% 17% 13% 21% 20% 23% 17% 14% 14% 18% 21% 21% 14% 19% 13% 16% 27% 19% Race and gender 11% 18% 14% 11% 6% 3% 11% 15% 31% 11% 4% 9% 13% 8% 27% 10% 14% 14% Government favors 9% 19% 11% 6% 5% 6% 8% 11% 20% 9% 6% 7% 11% 6% 14% 15% 4% 15%


Of the following, which three reasons do you think are the most important in determining a person’s wealth or success? Select up to three. Employment Household Income Age

Total Full Time Part Time Self-

Employed Unemployed Student Retired Homemaker <$20K $20K-$39K

$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Hard work and grit 50% 47% 50% 41% 42% 38% 60% 57% 53% 45% 49% 55% 51% 47% 38% 44% 48% 62% 62% Ambition 38% 36% 39% 24% 30% 43% 41% 40% 38% 34% 36% 42% 40% 32% 31% 31% 42% 46% 42% Family connections 31% 29% 33% 12% 47% 50% 23% 41% 28% 32% 33% 29% 34% 17% 45% 33% 28% 28% 21% Risk taking 29% 35% 24% 76% 15% 26% 28% 14% 24% 22% 29% 35% 36% 31% 21% 29% 32% 31% 31% Education 27% 26% 28% 41% 15% 17% 33% 16% 31% 27% 28% 23% 26% 30% 20% 26% 30% 26% 32% Inheritance 27% 25% 25% 21% 35% 29% 27% 39% 28% 33% 29% 21% 25% 21% 26% 33% 26% 22% 25% Self-discipline and delayed gratification 27% 27% 25% 43% 17% 19% 31% 26% 29% 23% 27% 33% 22% 30% 24% 22% 28% 31% 32% Getting lucky 20% 19% 17% 23% 32% 32% 13% 31% 14% 23% 22% 20% 16% 25% 30% 22% 20% 13% 13% Natural intelligence 18% 17% 13% 2% 21% 15% 22% 11% 22% 14% 19% 14% 22% 18% 15% 16% 16% 20% 22% Race and gender 11% 14% 13% 8% 9% 22% 4% 5% 10% 13% 10% 10% 10% 14% 18% 14% 7% 8% 6% Government favors 9% 8% 10% 7% 10% 4% 10% 10% 9% 16% 6% 8% 3% 11% 9% 11% 7% 6% 10%

Education Residence Evangelical Frequency Respondent Attends Religious Services

Total High School or Less

Some College

College Degree

Post-Grad City Suburb Town Rural area Yes No

More than once a week

Once a week

Once or twice a month

A few times a year Seldom Never

Hard work and grit 50% 52% 52% 46% 48% 45% 49% 53% 60% 60% 45% 52% 67% 36% 48% 52% 44% Ambition 38% 37% 40% 36% 35% 34% 37% 40% 42% 35% 39% 31% 35% 32% 35% 41% 40% Family connections 31% 25% 34% 34% 38% 29% 33% 35% 26% 22% 35% 21% 22% 27% 28% 32% 39% Risk taking 29% 27% 29% 30% 31% 27% 30% 29% 30% 31% 28% 28% 32% 34% 33% 27% 24% Education 27% 29% 24% 25% 29% 33% 25% 27% 18% 31% 25% 35% 27% 27% 32% 29% 21% Inheritance 27% 23% 28% 31% 32% 26% 28% 23% 31% 20% 31% 15% 19% 27% 26% 29% 35% Self-discipline and delayed gratification 27% 30% 25% 25% 26% 23% 27% 33% 30% 33% 24% 38% 32% 21% 25% 26% 24% Getting lucky 20% 21% 17% 23% 17% 20% 26% 10% 15% 16% 21% 14% 19% 25% 18% 18% 22% Natural intelligence 18% 18% 16% 21% 15% 19% 16% 20% 17% 19% 17% 23% 15% 17% 17% 19% 17% Race and gender 11% 9% 11% 13% 14% 15% 11% 7% 6% 10% 11% 13% 8% 11% 12% 10% 11% Government favors 9% 12% 7% 7% 5% 11% 7% 5% 13% 8% 9% 10% 6% 14% 8% 8% 10%


2. Causes of poverty Of the following, which three reasons do you think are most responsible for the problem of poverty in this country? Select up to three.








Not Libertarian

Poor life choices 42% 33% 41% 44% 28% 38% 58% 19% 29% 46% 50% 60% 31% 45% 41% Drugs/alcohol 40% 36% 44% 40% 29% 42% 49% 22% 34% 40% 49% 47% 39% 40% 36% Lack of job opportunities 29% 41% 33% 26% 39% 36% 17% 40% 42% 35% 18% 13% 30% 25% 29% Breakdown of families 29% 20% 28% 32% 17% 26% 43% 11% 17% 25% 44% 47% 20% 33% 28% Lack of a work ethic 29% 18% 28% 32% 13% 26% 47% 8% 9% 26% 45% 52% 28% 33% 29% Lack of educational opportunities 27% 23% 29% 27% 42% 25% 11% 48% 43% 30% 15% 7% 13% 17% 31% Discrimination (e.g. racism, sexism) 25% 33% 22% 23% 44% 21% 6% 51% 44% 26% 6% 5% 25% 21% 25% The country's economic system is unfair 22% 27% 23% 20% 36% 27% 5% 48% 38% 22% 5% 5% 20% 13% 26% Government programs keeps people poor 14% 11% 16% 15% 7% 14% 22% 5% 6% 11% 24% 23% 13% 19% 14% Lack of government help 13% 23% 9% 11% 19% 14% 6% 24% 12% 14% 3% 10% 32% 10% 13% Lack of role models 8% 10% 8% 7% 7% 7% 9% 7% 8% 7% 11% 6% 4% 9% 8% Lack of delayed gratification 7% 6% 9% 7% 4% 5% 11% 4% 5% 7% 8% 13% 2% 15% 6%

Attitudes Toward Capitalism Attitudes Toward Socialism Gender Race Registered

Voter

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Poor life choices 42% 38% 32% 39% 55% 57% 44% 29% 17% 43% 37% 44% 39% 45% 33% 34% 35% 41% Drugs/alcohol 40% 35% 36% 39% 43% 49% 42% 31% 21% 39% 42% 36% 43% 42% 25% 42% 41% 33% Lack of job opportunities 29% 34% 40% 33% 14% 17% 35% 41% 31% 28% 42% 27% 32% 28% 39% 27% 38% 30% Breakdown of families 29% 13% 20% 24% 50% 43% 24% 18% 18% 30% 20% 31% 27% 33% 22% 22% 5% 34% Lack of a work ethic 29% 22% 16% 28% 46% 46% 30% 11% 13% 29% 26% 31% 27% 33% 13% 26% 23% 26% Lack of educational opportunities 27% 24% 38% 33% 12% 13% 29% 42% 32% 27% 30% 24% 29% 26% 28% 29% 29% 24% Discrimination (e.g. racism, sexism) 25% 26% 34% 29% 11% 7% 25% 39% 53% 27% 12% 22% 27% 20% 42% 30% 25% 31% The country's economic system is unfair 22% 39% 34% 20% 6% 6% 18% 38% 45% 22% 17% 22% 22% 21% 25% 19% 26% 30% Government programs keeps people poor 14% 12% 10% 9% 25% 25% 8% 6% 7% 15% 11% 16% 13% 15% 6% 13% 20% 21% Lack of government help 13% 24% 12% 14% 7% 7% 12% 16% 25% 11% 24% 13% 13% 11% 22% 17% 15% 5% Lack of role models 8% 6% 7% 8% 9% 7% 8% 8% 10% 8% 6% 7% 8% 7% 9% 8% 8% 8% Lack of delayed gratification 7% 5% 5% 7% 11% 9% 6% 5% 9% 7% 9% 8% 6% 7% 9% 5% 13% 7%


Of the following, which three reasons do you think are most responsible for the problem of poverty in this country? Select up to three. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Poor life choices 42% 44% 37% 46% 26% 34% 52% 41% 37% 37% 40% 47% 47% 49% 31% 35% 47% 45% 53% Drugs/alcohol 40% 36% 37% 53% 25% 41% 50% 45% 40% 41% 37% 37% 44% 37% 34% 35% 33% 47% 48% Lack of job opportunities 29% 29% 30% 43% 36% 34% 25% 32% 35% 36% 29% 24% 22% 25% 37% 32% 28% 26% 24% Breakdown of families 29% 29% 27% 16% 15% 25% 38% 23% 21% 25% 31% 34% 34% 31% 21% 17% 26% 38% 46% Lack of a work ethic 29% 31% 29% 58% 17% 21% 36% 34% 17% 27% 32% 38% 28% 33% 24% 26% 26% 31% 37% Lack of educational opportunities 27% 27% 24% 3% 33% 35% 24% 23% 23% 29% 30% 23% 29% 22% 28% 29% 28% 27% 22% Discrimination (e.g. racism, sexism) 25% 24% 16% 28% 27% 31% 21% 19% 31% 23% 24% 26% 22% 17% 32% 23% 27% 25% 19% The country's economic system is unfair 22% 20% 23% 6% 42% 37% 14% 21% 24% 21% 26% 18% 22% 11% 29% 25% 25% 17% 12% Government programs keeps people poor 14% 13% 14% 2% 9% 10% 16% 21% 9% 16% 14% 17% 14% 15% 7% 11% 21% 17% 17% Lack of government help 13% 12% 16% 11% 29% 13% 4% 10% 26% 15% 11% 6% 7% 15% 16% 20% 18% 7% 4% Lack of role models 8% 8% 10% 18% 4% 7% 8% 11% 6% 8% 8% 7% 10% 11% 8% 8% 6% 8% 7% Lack of delayed gratification 7% 10% 4% 10% 4% 7% 5% 6% 5% 8% 8% 8% 7% 9% 10% 9% 6% 6% 4%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Poor life choices 42% 40% 44% 41% 42% 41% 42% 39% 45% 47% 39% 42% 41% 34% 42% 43% 42% Drugs/alcohol 40% 42% 41% 34% 38% 35% 39% 41% 46% 45% 37% 44% 43% 32% 47% 42% 35% Lack of job opportunities 29% 32% 28% 29% 26% 31% 30% 31% 24% 27% 30% 24% 32% 35% 29% 28% 30% Breakdown of families 29% 28% 30% 31% 26% 21% 30% 36% 37% 39% 24% 44% 36% 30% 32% 26% 20% Lack of a work ethic 29% 32% 29% 23% 25% 23% 28% 29% 41% 29% 29% 28% 27% 24% 35% 31% 29% Lack of educational opportunities 27% 20% 27% 33% 38% 28% 26% 30% 21% 17% 31% 21% 20% 27% 24% 25% 35% Discrimination (e.g. racism, sexism) 25% 24% 22% 27% 29% 31% 24% 22% 16% 18% 28% 12% 22% 24% 27% 26% 30% The country's economic system is unfair 22% 19% 20% 26% 29% 21% 25% 20% 18% 13% 26% 6% 16% 27% 15% 22% 31% Government programs keeps people poor 14% 15% 13% 17% 10% 9% 16% 17% 18% 14% 14% 12% 13% 15% 14% 18% 14% Lack of government help 13% 16% 12% 11% 8% 18% 12% 8% 11% 13% 13% 17% 10% 14% 8% 15% 12% Lack of role models 8% 6% 8% 11% 7% 10% 6% 7% 7% 10% 7% 16% 9% 12% 5% 6% 6% Lack of delayed gratification 7% 5% 9% 7% 10% 5% 10% 5% 7% 9% 6% 10% 12% 6% 4% 8% 5%


3. Support for increasing spending on food assistance Do you think government spending on food assistance to low-income people, such as food stamps or SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) should be increased, decreased, or kept about the same?








Not Libertarian

Net-decrease 25% 12% 24% 29% 9% 19% 45% 7% 5% 18% 41% 55% 20% 39% 25% Keep same 33% 24% 36% 34% 24% 42% 38% 18% 32% 37% 44% 27% 27% 31% 31% Net-increase 41% 65% 39% 36% 66% 39% 17% 74% 63% 45% 14% 18% 52% 30% 43% Decrease a great deal 10% 7% 8% 11% 3% 5% 19% 3% 1% 2% 19% 28% 7% 16% 9% Decrease somewhat 15% 5% 16% 18% 6% 14% 26% 4% 4% 16% 23% 27% 13% 23% 16% Keep about the same 33% 24% 36% 34% 24% 42% 38% 18% 32% 37% 44% 27% 27% 31% 31% Increase somewhat 21% 27% 21% 19% 32% 17% 11% 27% 35% 25% 8% 11% 13% 16% 21% Increase a great deal 21% 37% 18% 17% 34% 22% 6% 47% 28% 19% 6% 7% 38% 15% 23% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Attitudes Toward Capitalism Attitudes Toward Socialism Registered

Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-decrease 25% 18% 12% 18% 48% 46% 15% 10% 12% 27% 13% 27% 23% 27% 15% 24% 21% 33% Keep same 33% 26% 36% 34% 33% 36% 49% 26% 11% 31% 43% 31% 35% 33% 37% 31% 40% 23% Net-increase 41% 56% 52% 47% 18% 17% 36% 65% 76% 41% 42% 41% 41% 39% 47% 45% 38% 44% Decrease a great deal 10% 9% 4% 4% 22% 19% 3% 3% 9% 11% 4% 12% 8% 10% 8% 10% 4% 16% Decrease somewhat 15% 9% 8% 15% 25% 27% 12% 6% 3% 16% 9% 15% 15% 17% 7% 14% 17% 16% Keep about the same 33% 26% 36% 34% 33% 36% 49% 26% 11% 31% 43% 31% 35% 33% 37% 31% 40% 23% Increase somewhat 21% 22% 24% 28% 9% 10% 19% 36% 24% 21% 18% 21% 20% 21% 20% 14% 19% 33% Increase a great deal 21% 33% 28% 20% 9% 8% 16% 29% 52% 20% 24% 20% 21% 18% 28% 31% 19% 11% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Do you think government spending on food assistance to low-income people, such as food stamps or SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) should be increased, decreased, or kept about the same?

Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-decrease 25% 29% 26% 30% 9% 17% 32% 25% 12% 22% 26% 33% 32% 29% 19% 21% 25% 28% 33% Keep same 33% 30% 43% 41% 27% 37% 33% 47% 29% 38% 40% 30% 26% 23% 34% 34% 31% 31% 35% Net-increase 41% 40% 31% 29% 63% 45% 34% 29% 58% 40% 34% 36% 40% 48% 46% 45% 44% 41% 32% Decrease a great deal 10% 12% 13% 0% 2% 3% 12% 13% 4% 9% 11% 14% 15% 1% 8% 8% 9% 9% 16% Decrease somewhat 15% 17% 12% 30% 7% 14% 20% 11% 8% 14% 15% 20% 18% 28% 11% 13% 16% 19% 18% Keep about the same 33% 30% 43% 41% 27% 37% 33% 47% 29% 38% 40% 30% 26% 23% 34% 34% 31% 31% 35% Increase somewhat 21% 24% 12% 12% 13% 26% 21% 14% 18% 19% 21% 21% 23% 28% 24% 21% 19% 21% 17% Increase a great deal 21% 16% 19% 18% 51% 20% 13% 15% 39% 21% 13% 15% 17% 19% 22% 23% 24% 20% 14% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-decrease 25% 27% 24% 25% 24% 21% 27% 24% 32% 30% 23% 36% 24% 26% 31% 26% 21% Keep same 33% 32% 36% 32% 30% 28% 32% 37% 39% 37% 31% 37% 40% 31% 35% 27% 30% Net-increase 41% 40% 40% 43% 47% 50% 40% 39% 29% 33% 45% 27% 36% 43% 34% 47% 48% Decrease a great deal 10% 13% 8% 9% 6% 10% 8% 9% 14% 14% 8% 20% 10% 8% 10% 9% 8% Decrease somewhat 15% 14% 16% 16% 17% 11% 18% 15% 18% 16% 15% 16% 15% 18% 20% 17% 12% Keep about the same 33% 32% 36% 32% 30% 28% 32% 37% 39% 37% 31% 37% 40% 31% 35% 27% 30% Increase somewhat 21% 16% 21% 24% 27% 23% 21% 22% 14% 17% 22% 12% 19% 24% 20% 21% 23% Increase a great deal 21% 24% 19% 18% 19% 27% 19% 17% 15% 16% 23% 15% 16% 19% 14% 25% 25% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


4. What is the cause if people are poor? In your opinion, what is more often the cause if people are poor?








Not Libertarian

Lack of effort or discipline on their own part 41% 23% 38% 46% 18% 36% 67% 13% 17% 34% 63% 68% 51% 58% 38% Circumstances beyond their control 58% 77% 62% 52% 81% 63% 32% 85% 82% 65% 36% 32% 44% 41% 61% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 5% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Lack of effort or discipline on their own part 41% 25% 22% 36% 69% 65% 36% 20% 20% 42% 36% 45% 37% 43% 23% 44% 33% 48% Circumstances beyond their control 58% 74% 77% 63% 30% 34% 63% 79% 80% 58% 62% 53% 63% 56% 73% 55% 67% 52% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 2% 2% 0% 1% 3% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Lack of effort or discipline on their own part 41% 47% 43% 50% 20% 32% 44% 54% 27% 38% 37% 52% 47% 58% 36% 39% 41% 42% 46% Circumstances beyond their control 58% 52% 56% 50% 80% 67% 54% 45% 72% 60% 62% 47% 52% 41% 64% 60% 57% 56% 53% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Lack of effort or discipline on their own part 41% 41% 42% 39% 40% 38% 42% 37% 49% 48% 37% 48% 50% 32% 44% 40% 36% Circumstances beyond their control 58% 57% 57% 60% 60% 61% 58% 61% 51% 52% 61% 51% 50% 64% 56% 59% 63% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 4% 0% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


5. Would people on welfare rather earn their own living? Do you think that most poor people who receive welfare benefits...








Not Libertarian

Prefer to stay on welfare 45% 34% 44% 48% 26% 36% 69% 18% 22% 41% 66% 69% 48% 58% 42% Would rather earn their own living 54% 65% 55% 50% 74% 62% 29% 81% 76% 57% 32% 30% 52% 41% 56% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 1% 2% 2% 1% 0% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Prefer to stay on welfare 45% 39% 32% 41% 63% 65% 43% 27% 26% 45% 45% 46% 44% 47% 31% 48% 37% 47% Would rather earn their own living 54% 59% 67% 59% 35% 34% 56% 73% 72% 54% 54% 52% 55% 52% 65% 51% 63% 53% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 2% 0% 0% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 4% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Prefer to stay on welfare 45% 48% 45% 52% 45% 40% 52% 43% 36% 43% 50% 47% 46% 64% 42% 46% 39% 46% 50% Would rather earn their own living 54% 51% 55% 37% 50% 60% 47% 57% 61% 56% 49% 53% 53% 36% 56% 53% 59% 53% 49% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 11% 6% 0% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 2% 1% 3% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Prefer to stay on welfare 45% 49% 47% 39% 35% 40% 44% 46% 56% 55% 40% 52% 50% 48% 49% 40% 40% Would rather earn their own living 54% 49% 52% 60% 65% 58% 55% 53% 44% 44% 58% 46% 49% 52% 51% 59% 58% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


6. Main purpose behind welfare What would you say is the main purpose behind welfare?








Not Libertarian

To help poor people climb out of poverty 39% 47% 41% 37% 43% 35% 37% 43% 45% 37% 35% 40% 41% 43% 38% To simply provide for peoples' basic needs while

they are poor 60% 53% 59% 62% 56% 65% 61% 56% 54% 62% 64% 59% 59% 56% 61% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


To help poor people climb out of poverty 39% 40% 42% 38% 39% 34% 41% 41% 50% 40% 33% 38% 41% 37% 53% 45% 39% 19% To simply provide for peoples' basic needs while

they are poor 60% 60% 57% 62% 60% 65% 58% 58% 49% 59% 66% 61% 59% 62% 46% 54% 60% 80% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

To help poor people climb out of poverty 39% 37% 48% 59% 27% 34% 42% 38% 45% 38% 37% 45% 32% 41% 37% 37% 41% 41% 42% To simply provide for peoples' basic needs while

they are poor 60% 62% 51% 41% 71% 66% 58% 62% 54% 61% 63% 55% 67% 59% 62% 62% 58% 59% 57% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 1% 1% 2% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



To help poor people climb out of poverty 39% 40% 44% 33% 33% 42% 39% 40% 36% 39% 40% 43% 38% 43% 40% 42% 37% To simply provide for peoples' basic needs while

they are poor 60% 59% 55% 66% 67% 57% 60% 60% 64% 60% 59% 57% 60% 57% 58% 58% 62% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


7. Does welfare help people get started again or make them dependent? In general, do you think that welfare benefits...








Not Libertarian

Give poor people a chance to stand on their own two feet and get started again 54% 68% 56% 50% 71% 63% 31% 84% 73% 60% 28% 28% 63% 40% 55%

Make poor people dependent and encourage them to stay poor 45% 32% 44% 49% 27% 36% 68% 15% 27% 38% 71% 72% 36% 59% 44%

Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 0% 1% 0% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Give poor people a chance to stand on their own two feet and get started again 54% 66% 70% 58% 28% 30% 58% 74% 77% 52% 65% 54% 54% 49% 67% 64% 57% 42%

Make poor people dependent and encourage them to stay poor 45% 34% 28% 41% 71% 69% 41% 24% 22% 47% 35% 45% 45% 49% 32% 33% 43% 57%

Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Give poor people a chance to stand on their own two feet and get started again 54% 51% 53% 58% 71% 62% 43% 53% 66% 52% 54% 51% 47% 49% 61% 60% 59% 50% 39%

Make poor people dependent and encourage them to stay poor 45% 48% 46% 39% 26% 38% 56% 47% 31% 47% 45% 48% 51% 51% 39% 39% 39% 49% 59%

Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 3% 3% 0% 1% 0% 3% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Give poor people a chance to stand on their own two feet and get started again 54% 54% 53% 52% 58% 64% 50% 52% 43% 44% 58% 45% 43% 58% 55% 57% 59%

Make poor people dependent and encourage them to stay poor 45% 45% 46% 47% 42% 35% 48% 47% 56% 55% 40% 55% 57% 42% 44% 41% 39%

Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 0% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 0% 1% 2% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


8. How should welfare money be spent? Do you think it’s better to spend what money we have trying to eliminate the causes of poverty or to give what money we have to poor people so they can get on their feet?








Not Libertarian

Eliminate the causes of poverty 70% 59% 71% 72% 67% 63% 76% 68% 72% 64% 74% 81% 48% 72% 71% Give money to poor people so they can get on their

feet 29% 41% 28% 27% 32% 36% 23% 32% 27% 35% 24% 19% 52% 28% 28% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Eliminate the causes of poverty 70% 62% 64% 69% 80% 75% 62% 71% 63% 72% 56% 73% 66% 75% 60% 56% 60% 71% Give money to poor people so they can get on their

feet 29% 38% 35% 31% 19% 24% 37% 28% 37% 28% 43% 26% 33% 24% 38% 44% 39% 28% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Eliminate the causes of poverty 70% 72% 73% 67% 57% 78% 76% 71% 55% 65% 72% 73% 82% 77% 71% 63% 66% 72% 77% Give money to poor people so they can get on their

feet 29% 27% 27% 33% 40% 22% 23% 29% 44% 34% 27% 26% 17% 23% 29% 36% 33% 26% 23% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% 1% 2% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Prefer to stay on welfare 70% 63% 73% 73% 80% 66% 69% 69% 79% 70% 70% 69% 70% 58% 77% 69% 72% Would rather earn their own living 29% 37% 25% 27% 20% 33% 30% 31% 21% 29% 29% 31% 29% 40% 22% 31% 27% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


9. Effectiveness of government efforts to fight poverty How effective would you say government efforts to fight poverty have been over the past 10-15 years?








Not Libertarian

Net-effective 23% 37% 19% 20% 26% 27% 17% 24% 19% 27% 20% 14% 38% 32% 20% Net-not effective 77% 63% 81% 80% 73% 72% 83% 75% 80% 73% 79% 86% 59% 68% 79% Not effective 34% 26% 34% 36% 26% 30% 43% 27% 27% 29% 40% 52% 21% 37% 36% Not very effective 43% 36% 47% 44% 47% 42% 39% 49% 53% 44% 39% 33% 38% 31% 43% Somewhat effective 18% 27% 17% 16% 20% 23% 14% 16% 16% 23% 16% 8% 37% 18% 16% Very effective 5% 10% 2% 4% 6% 5% 3% 8% 3% 4% 4% 7% 2% 14% 4% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-effective 23% 26% 19% 28% 19% 16% 24% 24% 40% 21% 32% 25% 20% 18% 34% 32% 24% 26% Net-not effective 77% 74% 80% 72% 80% 83% 75% 76% 59% 78% 67% 74% 79% 81% 65% 68% 76% 72% Not effective 34% 41% 26% 25% 46% 48% 19% 30% 24% 35% 26% 35% 32% 37% 24% 27% 9% 46% Not very effective 43% 33% 54% 47% 34% 36% 57% 46% 35% 43% 41% 39% 47% 44% 41% 41% 67% 26% Somewhat effective 18% 22% 17% 24% 10% 14% 22% 22% 16% 17% 28% 19% 17% 15% 22% 24% 14% 24% Very effective 5% 4% 2% 3% 9% 3% 2% 2% 24% 5% 4% 6% 4% 3% 12% 7% 10% 2% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-effective 23% 23% 26% 41% 37% 15% 12% 16% 35% 21% 18% 24% 14% 36% 29% 32% 18% 13% 17% Net-not effective 77% 76% 73% 59% 60% 84% 88% 82% 65% 78% 81% 76% 85% 62% 70% 67% 80% 87% 83% Not effective 34% 35% 21% 14% 28% 16% 42% 41% 29% 30% 38% 35% 39% 30% 23% 30% 33% 41% 42% Not very effective 43% 40% 52% 45% 32% 68% 45% 41% 36% 49% 43% 41% 46% 33% 47% 37% 48% 46% 41% Somewhat effective 18% 17% 19% 34% 26% 14% 12% 14% 31% 16% 16% 16% 11% 20% 18% 27% 14% 11% 15% Very effective 5% 6% 7% 8% 12% 2% 0% 3% 4% 5% 2% 8% 2% 16% 10% 5% 4% 2% 2% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-effective 23% 29% 19% 19% 16% 31% 19% 21% 15% 27% 20% 32% 27% 30% 21% 20% 17% Net-not effective 77% 70% 80% 81% 83% 68% 81% 78% 84% 72% 79% 67% 73% 70% 78% 80% 82% Not effective 34% 31% 35% 32% 41% 28% 35% 30% 45% 35% 33% 33% 36% 24% 32% 30% 38% Not very effective 43% 39% 45% 49% 42% 40% 46% 48% 39% 37% 46% 34% 37% 46% 46% 50% 44% Somewhat effective 18% 22% 16% 15% 14% 23% 15% 20% 13% 18% 18% 16% 21% 22% 16% 17% 16% Very effective 5% 7% 3% 4% 2% 9% 4% 1% 3% 9% 2% 16% 7% 7% 5% 4% 0% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


10. Does the government know enough to eliminate poverty? If the government were willing to spend whatever is necessary to eliminate poverty in the United States, do you think the government knows enough about how to accomplish that?








Not Libertarian

Yes 26% 41% 24% 23% 32% 25% 22% 43% 35% 21% 20% 20% 30% 39% 25% No 72% 58% 76% 75% 67% 73% 77% 56% 64% 76% 79% 80% 69% 61% 73% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Yes 26% 33% 30% 27% 19% 13% 29% 32% 55% 26% 30% 33% 20% 22% 45% 30% 27% 26% No 72% 65% 69% 72% 80% 86% 71% 66% 44% 73% 70% 65% 79% 77% 51% 69% 72% 74% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 4% 1% 1% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Yes 26% 26% 30% 64% 43% 35% 17% 17% 32% 26% 24% 26% 22% 38% 38% 33% 23% 19% 18% No 72% 72% 69% 36% 51% 64% 82% 83% 66% 73% 74% 74% 76% 59% 58% 66% 75% 81% 82% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 0% 6% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 2% 0% 2% 3% 4% 1% 2% 1% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Yes 26% 30% 25% 24% 24% 33% 25% 20% 21% 29% 25% 37% 29% 33% 25% 22% 24% No 72% 69% 74% 76% 75% 65% 73% 79% 79% 71% 73% 62% 69% 67% 74% 77% 74% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 1% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


11. Will economic growth or government spending do more to help people get out of poverty? Which do you believe will do more to help people get out of poverty?








Not Libertarian

More economic growth 79% 76% 83% 79% 69% 76% 90% 52% 71% 82% 93% 89% 69% 84% 76% More welfare spending 19% 23% 16% 19% 29% 22% 8% 46% 28% 16% 5% 11% 27% 14% 22% Don't Know/Refused 2% 0% 0% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 0% 5% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


More economic growth 79% 61% 73% 76% 95% 91% 81% 68% 58% 80% 77% 78% 80% 79% 83% 74% 72% 84% More welfare spending 19% 39% 26% 21% 4% 8% 16% 29% 42% 19% 21% 20% 18% 19% 16% 24% 27% 12% Don't Know/Refused 2% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 3% 2% 0% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 3% 1% 4% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

More economic growth 79% 76% 78% 79% 62% 73% 92% 84% 71% 82% 81% 82% 76% 81% 68% 72% 77% 86% 91% More welfare spending 19% 22% 22% 21% 35% 26% 7% 14% 27% 17% 17% 17% 21% 19% 31% 26% 21% 11% 7% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 1% 0% 2% 1% 1% 2% 3% 1% 2% 1% 2% 0% 0% 2% 2% 2% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



More economic growth 79% 81% 80% 76% 73% 76% 76% 84% 87% 84% 76% 78% 85% 77% 83% 83% 73% More welfare spending 19% 16% 19% 23% 26% 22% 22% 16% 11% 15% 22% 21% 15% 22% 14% 15% 25% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 3% 2% 3% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


12. Willingness to move to another state to find work If you were looking for a job, would you be willing to move to another state to find work?








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





13. a) Agree or disagree: Hard work is its own reward To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Hard work is its own reward.








Not Libertarian

Net-agree 80% 85% 75% 79% 75% 78% 85% 70% 69% 83% 84% 87% 77% 86% 77% Net-disagree 18% 15% 22% 19% 24% 20% 13% 29% 29% 15% 13% 11% 23% 14% 21% Strongly disagree 4% 3% 4% 4% 5% 3% 3% 8% 4% 4% 1% 4% 1% 1% 5% Somewhat disagree 15% 12% 18% 15% 19% 17% 9% 21% 24% 11% 12% 7% 22% 13% 16% Somewhat agree 40% 44% 44% 38% 43% 44% 35% 36% 50% 48% 32% 30% 29% 35% 39% Strongly agree 40% 40% 32% 42% 33% 34% 50% 33% 18% 35% 52% 57% 48% 51% 38% Don't Know/Refused 2% 0% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 0% 0% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-agree 80% 69% 77% 77% 90% 85% 80% 74% 78% 80% 78% 79% 81% 81% 80% 78% 70% 73% Net-disagree 18% 28% 22% 21% 9% 13% 19% 25% 22% 18% 22% 19% 18% 17% 18% 19% 29% 27% Strongly disagree 4% 8% 4% 3% 3% 3% 2% 6% 6% 4% 6% 4% 3% 4% 3% 6% 4% 1% Somewhat disagree 15% 20% 18% 18% 6% 10% 17% 20% 16% 14% 15% 15% 14% 13% 15% 14% 24% 25% Somewhat agree 40% 28% 46% 50% 30% 33% 48% 47% 32% 39% 44% 42% 38% 43% 31% 32% 43% 34% Strongly agree 40% 41% 31% 27% 60% 51% 32% 27% 46% 41% 34% 37% 43% 38% 49% 46% 27% 38% Don't Know/Refused 2% 3% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 3% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-agree 80% 76% 75% 89% 78% 72% 87% 83% 81% 79% 77% 83% 79% 72% 74% 75% 79% 84% 87% Net-disagree 18% 21% 22% 11% 20% 26% 12% 17% 18% 18% 21% 16% 17% 28% 25% 23% 18% 13% 12% Strongly disagree 4% 3% 5% 3% 8% 6% 2% 8% 4% 4% 3% 3% 4% 6% 7% 4% 4% 2% 3% Somewhat disagree 15% 18% 17% 7% 12% 21% 9% 9% 14% 14% 17% 13% 13% 22% 18% 19% 14% 11% 9% Somewhat agree 40% 40% 43% 64% 36% 41% 40% 44% 37% 36% 44% 43% 41% 26% 42% 39% 42% 39% 37% Strongly agree 40% 36% 32% 25% 42% 31% 47% 39% 44% 43% 33% 40% 38% 47% 31% 35% 38% 46% 50% Don't Know/Refused 2% 3% 3% 0% 3% 1% 1% 0% 1% 2% 2% 1% 3% 0% 2% 2% 2% 3% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-agree 80% 84% 77% 76% 77% 76% 78% 83% 86% 84% 78% 81% 85% 75% 79% 84% 75% Net-disagree 18% 14% 21% 23% 22% 21% 20% 17% 12% 14% 21% 15% 13% 24% 19% 15% 23% Strongly disagree 4% 3% 5% 5% 4% 6% 3% 2% 2% 4% 4% 5% 4% 5% 3% 3% 4% Somewhat disagree 15% 11% 16% 18% 18% 15% 17% 14% 10% 10% 17% 11% 9% 19% 16% 12% 19% Somewhat agree 40% 37% 40% 42% 46% 33% 41% 45% 44% 36% 42% 23% 41% 41% 37% 39% 44% Strongly agree 40% 47% 38% 34% 31% 43% 37% 38% 42% 48% 36% 58% 44% 34% 43% 45% 31% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 2% 3% 1% 4% 2% 0% 2% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


13. b) Agree or disagree: I feel like I have purpose in my life; my life has meaning To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I feel like I have purpose in my life; my life has meaning








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





14. Importance of planning for the future vs. living each day to the fullest Which do you think is more important?








Not Libertarian

Planning for the future and giving up things now if necessary 59% 43% 63% 62% 53% 55% 66% 49% 61% 59% 65% 65% 36% 58% 60%

Taking one day at a time and living it to the fullest 40% 55% 36% 37% 46% 45% 32% 51% 37% 40% 33% 35% 64% 41% 39% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 0% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 2% 1% 3% 0% 0% 2% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Planning for the future and giving up things now if necessary 59% 40% 54% 63% 69% 68% 59% 54% 43% 59% 62% 60% 57% 63% 42% 51% 60% 66%

Taking one day at a time and living it to the fullest 40% 60% 46% 36% 30% 31% 40% 45% 56% 40% 38% 39% 41% 36% 57% 47% 40% 34% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Planning for the future and giving up things now if necessary 59% 60% 47% 62% 45% 61% 72% 62% 43% 51% 67% 64% 68% 67% 55% 53% 46% 65% 74%

Taking one day at a time and living it to the fullest 40% 39% 52% 30% 50% 39% 26% 38% 55% 48% 33% 36% 29% 33% 44% 46% 52% 34% 26% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 8% 6% 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Planning for the future and giving up things now if necessary 59% 51% 60% 67% 68% 50% 61% 63% 67% 57% 59% 66% 65% 48% 60% 58% 55%

Taking one day at a time and living it to the fullest 40% 47% 39% 32% 31% 48% 38% 36% 33% 42% 39% 34% 34% 50% 39% 41% 44% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


15. Importance of fulfilling obligation vs. seeking personal satisfaction What do you think is more important in your life?








Not Libertarian

Working hard and doing what is expected of you 52% 51% 49% 52% 41% 45% 65% 31% 44% 49% 64% 65% 48% 54% 51% Doing the things in life that give you personal satis-

faction and pleasure 47% 48% 50% 46% 57% 52% 33% 66% 55% 49% 35% 33% 49% 45% 48% Don't Know/Refused 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 4% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Working hard and doing what is expected of you 52% 41% 46% 47% 65% 61% 55% 40% 40% 53% 40% 52% 51% 54% 50% 46% 41% 44% Doing the things in life that give you personal satis-

faction and pleasure 47% 57% 52% 52% 34% 37% 43% 58% 59% 45% 60% 46% 47% 44% 47% 51% 58% 55% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 0% 2% 1% 1% 3% 3% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Working hard and doing what is expected of you 52% 53% 60% 39% 37% 44% 58% 45% 48% 51% 51% 54% 50% 73% 46% 46% 49% 60% 59% Doing the things in life that give you personal satis-

faction and pleasure 47% 46% 40% 61% 61% 53% 39% 55% 51% 47% 47% 46% 47% 27% 53% 53% 49% 37% 40% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 1% 0% 2% 3% 2% 0% 1% 2% 2% 0% 3% 0% 2% 1% 2% 3% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Working hard and doing what is expected of you 52% 53% 52% 49% 50% 48% 52% 49% 60% 61% 47% 67% 60% 49% 53% 49% 43% Doing the things in life that give you personal satis-

faction and pleasure 47% 45% 46% 49% 50% 49% 47% 50% 40% 37% 52% 31% 38% 50% 47% 50% 55% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 1% 0% 3% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


16. Participation trophies Do you think all kids who play sports should receive a trophy for their participation, or should only the winning players be awarded trophies?








Not Libertarian

All the kids who play should receive trophies 27% 48% 25% 22% 34% 26% 19% 39% 32% 27% 17% 20% 34% 27% 23% Only the winning players should receive trophies 72% 50% 73% 77% 63% 73% 79% 59% 66% 71% 81% 78% 66% 71% 75% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 0% 2% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


All the kids who play should receive trophies 27% 36% 36% 26% 13% 14% 36% 32% 42% 26% 33% 24% 29% 20% 53% 33% 41% 27% Only the winning players should receive trophies 72% 64% 63% 71% 86% 85% 62% 66% 57% 72% 67% 74% 69% 79% 46% 65% 57% 73% Don't Know/Refused 2% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 0% 2% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 3% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

All the kids who play should receive trophies 27% 25% 27% 33% 29% 34% 21% 25% 42% 33% 22% 21% 14% 27% 35% 30% 25% 21% 21% Only the winning players should receive trophies 72% 74% 70% 67% 68% 65% 78% 75% 54% 66% 78% 78% 84% 67% 63% 69% 72% 76% 78% Don't Know/Refused 2% 1% 3% 0% 3% 1% 2% 1% 4% 1% 1% 1% 2% 6% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



All the kids who play should receive trophies 27% 32% 25% 21% 21% 34% 24% 22% 22% 30% 25% 27% 30% 33% 30% 31% 19% Only the winning players should receive trophies 72% 66% 73% 78% 79% 64% 74% 75% 78% 68% 73% 68% 70% 65% 69% 69% 79% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 1% 0% 2% 2% 3% 0% 2% 1% 5% 0% 2% 1% 0% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


SUMMARY TABLE 1 Attitudes toward capitalism and socialism Would you say you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of…?








Not Libertarian

Net-favorable Capitalism 59% 47% 60% 63% 45% 52% 77% 38% 50% 54% 77% 80% 46% 73% 60% Socialism 39% 56% 38% 35% 64% 40% 13% 78% 63% 40% 12% 15% 41% 34% 41%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-favorable Capitalism 59% 0% 0% 100% 100% 81% 43% 48% 47% 61% 55% 66% 53% 64% 40% 52% 60% 65% Socialism 39% 47% 53% 49% 14% 0% 0% 100% 100% 39% 38% 37% 41% 36% 62% 36% 33% 37%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-favorable Capitalism 59% 59% 62% 74% 49% 51% 70% 54% 49% 54% 60% 66% 64% 83% 49% 50% 58% 65% 76% Socialism 39% 36% 39% 45% 58% 48% 36% 35% 49% 41% 40% 32% 34% 31% 50% 43% 33% 33% 34%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-favorable Capitalism 59% 58% 56% 66% 66% 56% 62% 60% 61% 64% 57% 64% 65% 51% 69% 60% 55% Socialism 39% 38% 38% 40% 45% 47% 37% 36% 31% 26% 45% 29% 29% 46% 35% 41% 47%


17. a) Favorability of capitalism Would you say you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of…? Capitalism.








Not Libertarian

Net-favorable 59% 47% 60% 63% 45% 52% 77% 38% 50% 54% 77% 80% 46% 73% 60% Net-unfavorable 39% 50% 39% 36% 54% 46% 21% 62% 48% 45% 22% 17% 53% 27% 39% Very unfavorable 14% 18% 13% 13% 15% 20% 9% 22% 9% 15% 10% 12% 16% 10% 15% Somewhat unfavorable 25% 32% 26% 23% 38% 26% 11% 40% 39% 29% 12% 5% 37% 16% 24% Somewhat favorable 30% 27% 31% 31% 34% 36% 23% 28% 41% 38% 23% 14% 32% 24% 31% Very favorable 30% 20% 29% 32% 12% 16% 54% 10% 9% 16% 54% 66% 14% 49% 29% Don't Know/Refused 2% 3% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-favorable 59% 0% 0% 100% 100% 81% 43% 48% 47% 61% 55% 66% 53% 64% 40% 52% 60% 65% Net-unfavorable 39% 100% 100% 0% 0% 19% 56% 50% 53% 38% 43% 32% 45% 35% 55% 45% 40% 35% Very unfavorable 14% 100% 0% 0% 0% 15% 6% 13% 26% 13% 18% 13% 14% 11% 19% 20% 10% 23% Somewhat unfavorable 25% 0% 100% 0% 0% 4% 50% 37% 26% 25% 26% 19% 31% 24% 36% 25% 30% 12% Somewhat favorable 30% 0% 0% 100% 0% 22% 34% 43% 19% 29% 41% 29% 30% 31% 17% 32% 50% 34% Very favorable 30% 0% 0% 0% 100% 59% 9% 5% 28% 32% 14% 37% 23% 33% 24% 21% 10% 31% Don't Know/Refused 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 4% 3% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-favorable 59% 59% 62% 74% 49% 51% 70% 54% 49% 54% 60% 66% 64% 83% 49% 50% 58% 65% 76% Net-unfavorable 39% 40% 35% 26% 51% 49% 28% 43% 47% 43% 39% 34% 35% 17% 49% 48% 41% 32% 24% Very unfavorable 14% 15% 12% 7% 25% 8% 6% 19% 19% 14% 13% 11% 15% 3% 19% 19% 17% 7% 5% Somewhat unfavorable 25% 25% 24% 19% 26% 41% 23% 24% 28% 30% 26% 23% 20% 14% 30% 29% 23% 25% 18% Somewhat favorable 30% 30% 35% 52% 30% 24% 28% 31% 30% 34% 32% 27% 25% 35% 29% 30% 30% 31% 29% Very favorable 30% 29% 26% 21% 20% 27% 42% 23% 20% 21% 28% 39% 39% 48% 20% 20% 27% 34% 47% Don't Know/Refused 2% 1% 3% 0% 0% 0% 2% 4% 4% 2% 1% 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% 2% 3% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-favorable 59% 58% 56% 66% 66% 56% 62% 60% 61% 64% 57% 64% 65% 51% 69% 60% 55% Net-unfavorable 39% 39% 43% 33% 34% 42% 37% 39% 38% 33% 42% 34% 34% 49% 28% 38% 44% Very unfavorable 14% 15% 15% 9% 12% 17% 12% 14% 11% 14% 14% 17% 12% 16% 8% 11% 16% Somewhat unfavorable 25% 24% 28% 24% 22% 25% 24% 25% 27% 19% 28% 17% 22% 33% 20% 26% 28% Somewhat favorable 30% 29% 26% 35% 35% 30% 30% 32% 27% 24% 33% 23% 26% 29% 37% 31% 32% Very favorable 30% 29% 29% 31% 30% 26% 31% 28% 33% 41% 24% 41% 39% 22% 31% 30% 23% Don't Know/Refused 2% 3% 1% 0% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 2% 1% 0% 3% 2% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


17. b) Favorability of socialism Would you say you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of…? Socialism.








Not Libertarian

Net-favorable 39% 56% 38% 35% 64% 40% 13% 78% 63% 40% 12% 15% 41% 34% 41% Net-unfavorable 59% 41% 60% 64% 35% 58% 85% 19% 36% 58% 87% 84% 55% 63% 57% Very unfavorable 39% 23% 42% 43% 12% 33% 70% 10% 12% 28% 70% 76% 22% 49% 39% Somewhat unfavorable 20% 18% 18% 21% 23% 25% 15% 9% 24% 30% 17% 7% 33% 14% 19% Somewhat favorable 29% 37% 29% 27% 47% 32% 9% 44% 54% 36% 8% 8% 31% 18% 31% Very favorable 10% 19% 10% 8% 17% 8% 4% 35% 9% 5% 4% 7% 10% 16% 10% Don't Know/Refused 2% 3% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 4% 3% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-favorable 39% 47% 53% 49% 14% 0% 0% 100% 100% 39% 38% 37% 41% 36% 62% 36% 33% 37% Net-unfavorable 59% 51% 46% 51% 85% 100% 100% 0% 0% 59% 62% 61% 58% 63% 36% 60% 64% 62% Very unfavorable 39% 42% 6% 28% 79% 100% 0% 0% 0% 40% 32% 45% 33% 43% 17% 38% 33% 47% Somewhat unfavorable 20% 9% 40% 23% 6% 0% 100% 0% 0% 19% 29% 15% 25% 20% 19% 22% 31% 15% Somewhat favorable 29% 27% 42% 42% 5% 0% 0% 100% 0% 29% 31% 26% 32% 28% 40% 28% 31% 27% Very favorable 10% 19% 10% 6% 9% 0% 0% 0% 100% 10% 7% 11% 9% 8% 23% 9% 2% 10% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 3% 3% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-favorable 39% 36% 39% 45% 58% 48% 36% 35% 49% 41% 40% 32% 34% 31% 50% 43% 33% 33% 34% Net-unfavorable 59% 63% 58% 55% 42% 49% 64% 65% 48% 58% 58% 67% 65% 62% 49% 54% 65% 65% 66% Very unfavorable 39% 40% 36% 19% 27% 24% 50% 44% 29% 33% 37% 48% 50% 35% 24% 30% 43% 45% 54% Somewhat unfavorable 20% 23% 22% 36% 15% 26% 13% 21% 19% 24% 20% 20% 15% 27% 24% 24% 21% 19% 11% Somewhat favorable 29% 26% 29% 30% 36% 37% 29% 28% 39% 29% 34% 22% 24% 19% 32% 34% 24% 28% 26% Very favorable 10% 9% 10% 15% 22% 11% 7% 7% 11% 12% 6% 10% 11% 12% 18% 10% 9% 5% 8% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 4% 0% 0% 2% 1% 0% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 6% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-favorable 39% 38% 38% 40% 45% 47% 37% 36% 31% 26% 45% 29% 29% 46% 35% 41% 47% Net-unfavorable 59% 60% 60% 59% 53% 51% 61% 63% 68% 71% 53% 69% 68% 53% 64% 57% 52% Very unfavorable 39% 39% 42% 40% 32% 29% 41% 43% 50% 50% 34% 56% 45% 35% 45% 37% 31% Somewhat unfavorable 20% 21% 18% 20% 21% 22% 20% 20% 17% 21% 20% 12% 23% 18% 20% 20% 21% Somewhat favorable 29% 26% 30% 30% 35% 32% 28% 29% 25% 18% 35% 17% 19% 39% 24% 31% 36% Very favorable 10% 11% 8% 10% 10% 15% 9% 7% 6% 8% 11% 12% 9% 6% 10% 10% 11% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% 3% 1% 1% 2% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


18. Favor or oppose raising taxes on families with incomes over $200K per year Do you favor or oppose raising taxes on families with incomes over $200,000 per year?








Not Libertarian

Net-favor 61% 73% 65% 57% 81% 66% 38% 81% 85% 68% 41% 26% 77% 44% 64% Net-oppose 38% 27% 34% 42% 19% 31% 62% 19% 15% 30% 59% 73% 22% 56% 35% Strongly oppose 18% 12% 9% 21% 8% 8% 32% 7% 5% 13% 29% 38% 7% 30% 16% Somewhat oppose 21% 15% 25% 21% 10% 23% 30% 12% 11% 17% 30% 35% 15% 26% 19% Somewhat favor 33% 34% 37% 31% 33% 47% 25% 26% 45% 37% 27% 14% 62% 26% 32% Strongly favor 28% 39% 28% 25% 48% 19% 12% 55% 40% 31% 14% 12% 15% 18% 32% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-favor 61% 70% 80% 73% 28% 35% 71% 84% 80% 59% 72% 53% 69% 61% 66% 58% 71% 50% Net-oppose 38% 27% 20% 27% 72% 64% 29% 16% 20% 40% 28% 46% 31% 39% 33% 38% 29% 50% Strongly oppose 18% 13% 5% 11% 38% 34% 4% 8% 7% 19% 7% 24% 12% 18% 12% 16% 17% 33% Somewhat oppose 21% 14% 15% 16% 34% 30% 25% 8% 13% 21% 21% 22% 20% 21% 21% 22% 12% 17% Somewhat favor 33% 24% 44% 45% 15% 23% 40% 45% 22% 31% 47% 29% 36% 33% 35% 34% 27% 23% Strongly favor 28% 46% 35% 28% 13% 12% 30% 38% 57% 29% 25% 24% 32% 28% 32% 24% 44% 28% Don't Know/Refused 1% 3% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-favor 61% 56% 71% 50% 77% 68% 55% 65% 71% 74% 56% 54% 51% 39% 67% 64% 60% 58% 55% Net-oppose 38% 43% 27% 50% 23% 32% 45% 35% 29% 26% 43% 43% 49% 61% 33% 35% 37% 42% 45% Strongly oppose 18% 20% 12% 18% 13% 15% 20% 17% 12% 10% 18% 20% 27% 39% 14% 15% 18% 20% 22% Somewhat oppose 21% 23% 15% 32% 10% 17% 25% 18% 17% 16% 26% 24% 22% 22% 19% 20% 19% 22% 23% Somewhat favor 33% 28% 48% 21% 39% 35% 34% 37% 38% 42% 29% 28% 26% 23% 35% 34% 35% 25% 33% Strongly favor 28% 28% 23% 29% 38% 32% 22% 28% 33% 32% 27% 25% 25% 16% 32% 30% 26% 33% 21% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 3% 0% 0% 0% 1% 3% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-favor 61% 61% 61% 62% 59% 66% 58% 61% 57% 49% 67% 50% 53% 59% 58% 67% 66% Net-oppose 38% 38% 39% 38% 41% 33% 41% 39% 43% 49% 33% 50% 47% 34% 41% 33% 34% Strongly oppose 18% 18% 15% 19% 21% 13% 21% 22% 17% 22% 15% 20% 21% 13% 21% 15% 16% Somewhat oppose 21% 20% 23% 19% 20% 20% 21% 17% 26% 27% 18% 30% 26% 21% 20% 18% 18% Somewhat favor 33% 34% 34% 30% 29% 34% 30% 34% 34% 27% 36% 25% 31% 36% 35% 34% 34% Strongly favor 28% 26% 27% 32% 30% 32% 27% 27% 23% 22% 31% 25% 23% 24% 23% 33% 32% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 7% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


19. Favor or oppose raising the top marginal tax rate Do you favor or oppose a recent proposal to increase the marginal tax rate on income over $10 million a year to 70%?








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





20. a) Agree or disagree: Wealth should be taken from the rich and given to the poor To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Wealth should be taken from the rich and given to the poor.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





20. b) Agree or disagree: Inequality in the distribution of wealth is unjust To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Inequality in the distribution of wealth is unjust.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





21. a) Attitudes toward the rich On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates you feel very cold and unfavorable and 100 indicates you feel very warm and favorable, how would you rate your feelings toward…? The rich. (Median: 51)








Not Libertarian

Net-unfavorable 32% 42% 35% 29% 47% 32% 17% 54% 41% 39% 18% 12% 29% 18% 36% Net-favorable 46% 40% 39% 48% 35% 43% 59% 33% 34% 39% 57% 68% 37% 67% 41% Very Unfavorable (0-24) 12% 17% 12% 11% 19% 14% 4% 30% 13% 11% 7% 4% 10% 7% 14% Somewhat Unfavorable (25-48) 20% 25% 23% 18% 28% 18% 13% 24% 28% 28% 11% 8% 19% 11% 22% Neutral (49-51) 22% 17% 25% 23% 18% 25% 25% 12% 25% 22% 26% 20% 33% 15% 22% Somewhat Favorable (52-75) 25% 21% 20% 27% 21% 29% 28% 19% 22% 28% 26% 28% 23% 35% 22% Very Favorable (76-100) 21% 19% 19% 21% 14% 14% 31% 14% 12% 11% 31% 40% 14% 32% 19% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-unfavorable 32% 48% 46% 31% 13% 18% 33% 46% 46% 32% 36% 30% 34% 30% 38% 35% 41% 38% Net-favorable 46% 34% 32% 47% 62% 55% 44% 35% 43% 46% 43% 50% 42% 46% 47% 46% 37% 37% Very Unfavorable (0-24) 12% 29% 18% 6% 4% 7% 10% 15% 27% 11% 18% 12% 12% 9% 12% 20% 7% 30% Somewhat Unfavorable (25-48) 20% 19% 28% 25% 9% 11% 23% 31% 19% 21% 18% 18% 22% 21% 26% 15% 34% 8% Neutral (49-51) 22% 17% 21% 23% 25% 27% 23% 19% 11% 23% 20% 20% 24% 24% 15% 19% 23% 25% Somewhat Favorable (52-75) 25% 25% 23% 32% 21% 26% 29% 23% 20% 25% 26% 27% 23% 26% 18% 29% 21% 16% Very Favorable (76-100) 21% 9% 9% 15% 41% 29% 15% 12% 23% 21% 17% 23% 19% 20% 29% 17% 16% 21% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-unfavorable 32% 28% 35% 18% 54% 37% 25% 33% 42% 36% 34% 25% 27% 16% 40% 34% 39% 27% 22% Net-favorable 46% 51% 45% 66% 33% 37% 49% 40% 34% 45% 45% 52% 48% 58% 39% 51% 41% 42% 50% Very Unfavorable (0-24) 12% 11% 12% 7% 30% 5% 7% 11% 20% 14% 10% 7% 11% 6% 16% 14% 16% 10% 5% Somewhat Unfavorable (25-48) 20% 17% 23% 11% 24% 32% 18% 22% 22% 22% 24% 18% 16% 10% 24% 20% 23% 17% 17% Neutral (49-51) 22% 20% 19% 16% 14% 26% 26% 27% 24% 20% 20% 23% 25% 26% 21% 15% 19% 31% 27% Somewhat Favorable (52-75) 25% 28% 26% 22% 21% 28% 26% 25% 19% 25% 26% 25% 31% 18% 23% 31% 26% 17% 25% Very Favorable (76-100) 21% 23% 19% 44% 12% 9% 23% 15% 15% 20% 19% 27% 17% 40% 16% 20% 15% 25% 25% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-unfavorable 32% 35% 33% 30% 27% 29% 33% 34% 36% 27% 35% 18% 26% 30% 29% 34% 43% Net-favorable 46% 45% 46% 44% 49% 52% 43% 43% 39% 54% 42% 66% 56% 58% 46% 42% 33% Very Unfavorable (0-24) 12% 15% 11% 9% 10% 12% 12% 8% 15% 10% 13% 5% 11% 6% 7% 12% 19% Somewhat Unfavorable (25-48) 20% 20% 22% 21% 17% 17% 21% 26% 21% 17% 22% 13% 15% 24% 22% 22% 24% Neutral (49-51) 22% 21% 21% 26% 24% 20% 23% 22% 25% 20% 23% 16% 19% 12% 24% 25% 25% Somewhat Favorable (52-75) 25% 24% 25% 27% 25% 29% 24% 22% 21% 25% 25% 24% 27% 32% 31% 22% 22% Very Favorable (76-100) 21% 21% 21% 17% 24% 23% 19% 21% 18% 29% 17% 42% 29% 26% 15% 20% 11% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


21. b) Attitudes toward the poor On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates you feel very cold and unfavorable and 100 indicates you feel very warm and favorable, how would you rate your feelings toward…? The poor. (Median: 70)








Not Libertarian

Net-unfavorable 8% 5% 8% 9% 6% 11% 10% 4% 11% 8% 9% 5% 12% 15% 7% Net-favorable 70% 82% 71% 68% 78% 64% 65% 82% 71% 71% 64% 73% 55% 70% 72% Very Unfavorable (0-24) 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 4% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 4% 1% Somewhat Unfavorable (25-48) 6% 4% 7% 7% 5% 7% 8% 3% 9% 6% 7% 4% 10% 11% 6% Neutral (49-51) 21% 14% 22% 23% 16% 25% 25% 14% 18% 21% 26% 22% 32% 14% 22% Somewhat Favorable (52-75) 30% 31% 27% 31% 33% 28% 28% 32% 32% 36% 26% 26% 18% 25% 32% Very Favorable (76-100) 40% 51% 44% 37% 45% 36% 37% 50% 39% 35% 38% 47% 37% 45% 40% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-unfavorable 8% 9% 8% 7% 8% 9% 10% 7% 4% 8% 8% 8% 8% 9% 5% 6% 8% 17% Net-favorable 70% 74% 70% 73% 65% 63% 68% 76% 88% 70% 75% 70% 71% 69% 82% 76% 63% 60% Very Unfavorable (0-24) 2% 5% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 0% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0% 6% Somewhat Unfavorable (25-48) 6% 4% 6% 6% 7% 7% 9% 5% 4% 6% 6% 6% 6% 7% 4% 5% 8% 11% Neutral (49-51) 21% 17% 21% 19% 26% 28% 22% 17% 7% 22% 16% 22% 21% 23% 14% 18% 29% 24% Somewhat Favorable (52-75) 30% 32% 33% 35% 21% 27% 32% 35% 28% 30% 34% 30% 30% 30% 32% 38% 27% 12% Very Favorable (76-100) 40% 42% 37% 38% 44% 36% 36% 41% 60% 40% 41% 40% 41% 39% 50% 38% 36% 48% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-unfavorable 8% 11% 6% 7% 5% 8% 8% 5% 4% 7% 9% 8% 13% 12% 9% 11% 10% 4% 6% Net-favorable 70% 67% 69% 77% 82% 67% 69% 73% 71% 77% 73% 69% 63% 61% 71% 70% 75% 69% 67% Very Unfavorable (0-24) 2% 2% 3% 0% 1% 2% 2% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 5% 3% 2% 2% 3% 1% 1% Somewhat Unfavorable (25-48) 6% 9% 3% 7% 4% 6% 6% 5% 2% 6% 8% 7% 8% 9% 7% 9% 7% 3% 5% Neutral (49-51) 21% 22% 25% 16% 13% 25% 22% 22% 26% 16% 17% 23% 25% 27% 20% 20% 15% 26% 25% Somewhat Favorable (52-75) 30% 31% 32% 34% 32% 39% 27% 30% 28% 28% 31% 32% 36% 17% 40% 28% 34% 26% 24% Very Favorable (76-100) 40% 36% 37% 43% 50% 28% 42% 43% 43% 49% 42% 37% 27% 44% 31% 42% 41% 43% 43% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-unfavorable 8% 5% 8% 12% 14% 9% 8% 6% 8% 5% 10% 4% 8% 14% 3% 7% 10% Net-favorable 70% 76% 70% 64% 62% 73% 69% 71% 70% 76% 68% 81% 74% 70% 73% 75% 63% Very Unfavorable (0-24) 2% 1% 1% 3% 4% 3% 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 2% 3% 1% 0% 1% 2% Somewhat Unfavorable (25-48) 6% 4% 7% 9% 10% 6% 7% 5% 6% 4% 8% 2% 5% 13% 3% 6% 8% Neutral (49-51) 21% 19% 22% 24% 25% 19% 23% 23% 22% 19% 22% 16% 18% 16% 24% 18% 26% Somewhat Favorable (52-75) 30% 30% 31% 32% 24% 31% 31% 30% 27% 29% 31% 22% 31% 33% 40% 28% 29% Very Favorable (76-100) 40% 46% 39% 32% 38% 42% 38% 41% 43% 47% 37% 59% 43% 37% 33% 47% 34% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


22. Should people be allowed to become billionaires? Do you think people should be allowed to become billionaires?








Not Libertarian

Yes 82% 77% 82% 83% 73% 81% 92% 66% 74% 83% 91% 94% 70% 94% 81% No 17% 23% 17% 16% 27% 18% 7% 34% 25% 16% 8% 5% 29% 6% 19% Don't Know/Refused 1% <1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





SUMMARY TABLE 2 Attitudes toward the rich To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?








Not Libertarian

Net-agree There is nothing wrong with a person trying to

make as much money as they honestly can 84% 82% 85% 84% 80% 80% 90% 75% 79% 87% 89% 92% 67% 89% 82% People admire rich people too much 75% 77% 78% 73% 83% 78% 65% 90% 79% 76% 68% 62% 78% 69% 76% Billionaires earned their wealth by creating value

for other people, like inventing new technolo-gies or starting businesses that improve people’s lives 69% 68% 63% 70% 55% 69% 82% 49% 52% 70% 79% 89% 63% 83% 65%

We are all better off when people get rich because they invest their money in new businesses that create jobs and new technology 65% 64% 61% 66% 48% 67% 81% 41% 48% 65% 79% 85% 62% 85% 59%

We shouldn’t let people get too rich in this country because rich people have too much political power and threaten democracy 42% 60% 41% 38% 58% 44% 24% 68% 54% 45% 25% 22% 56% 34% 44%

Billionaires are a threat to Democracy 37% 44% 39% 35% 54% 35% 20% 66% 48% 40% 19% 19% 38% 29% 40% It’s immoral for society to allow people to become

billionaires 23% 30% 18% 23% 33% 26% 12% 46% 27% 20% 14% 13% 35% 24% 23% I feel angry when I read or hear about very rich

people 23% 28% 14% 24% 32% 23% 14% 41% 26% 22% 14% 17% 28% 22% 25%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



make as much money as they honestly can 84% 73% 79% 84% 93% 90% 82% 81% 72% 84% 84% 85% 83% 85% 80% 81% 84% 85% People admire rich people too much 75% 77% 83% 81% 61% 64% 78% 83% 91% 75% 76% 71% 78% 73% 76% 74% 82% 89% Billionaires earned their wealth by creating value

for other people, like inventing new technolo-gies or starting businesses that improve people’s lives 69% 53% 52% 69% 90% 84% 64% 55% 54% 69% 70% 71% 67% 71% 65% 66% 61% 66%

We are all better off when people get rich because they invest their money in new businesses that create jobs and new technology 65% 46% 47% 65% 89% 84% 57% 50% 51% 66% 57% 68% 62% 67% 64% 58% 52% 63%

We shouldn’t let people get too rich in this country because rich people have too much political power and threaten democracy 42% 62% 57% 37% 24% 22% 42% 59% 72% 42% 42% 38% 46% 39% 49% 46% 44% 50%

Billionaires are a threat to Democracy 37% 51% 52% 36% 17% 20% 37% 49% 68% 37% 37% 34% 39% 35% 43% 40% 45% 35% It’s immoral for society to allow people to become

billionaires 23% 34% 31% 21% 13% 9% 22% 29% 65% 22% 27% 21% 25% 20% 27% 31% 33% 25% I feel angry when I read or hear about very rich

people 23% 39% 28% 21% 14% 12% 22% 29% 53% 23% 21% 24% 22% 21% 24% 30% 28% 21%


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+


make as much money as they honestly can 84% 83% 75% 93% 84% 73% 89% 84% 85% 82% 84% 86% 83% 86% 79% 78% 87% 88% 89% People admire rich people too much 75% 75% 76% 94% 83% 73% 70% 73% 77% 77% 73% 74% 70% 80% 77% 79% 79% 70% 67% Billionaires earned their wealth by creating value

for other people, like inventing new technolo-gies or starting businesses that improve people’s lives 69% 72% 60% 79% 57% 65% 71% 65% 72% 62% 63% 76% 72% 74% 60% 67% 72% 71% 74%

We are all better off when people get rich because they invest their money in new businesses that create jobs and new technology 65% 68% 62% 61% 54% 54% 71% 55% 62% 62% 65% 67% 67% 74% 61% 58% 60% 67% 78%

We shouldn’t let people get too rich in this country because rich people have too much political power and threaten democracy 42% 38% 47% 44% 59% 51% 35% 38% 56% 46% 38% 35% 35% 45% 55% 48% 40% 37% 31%

Billionaires are a threat to Democracy 37% 34% 33% 47% 58% 51% 31% 31% 44% 43% 33% 33% 29% 40% 51% 40% 33% 34% 26% It’s immoral for society to allow people to become

billionaires 23% 24% 33% 32% 31% 30% 12% 23% 27% 26% 21% 22% 19% 27% 39% 30% 20% 13% 13% I feel angry when I read or hear about very rich

people 23% 25% 25% 37% 47% 25% 14% 13% 24% 24% 19% 26% 20% 37% 44% 28% 17% 14% 11%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week




make as much money as they honestly can 84% 85% 83% 83% 84% 82% 82% 86% 88% 84% 84% 80% 88% 74% 85% 89% 82% People admire rich people too much 75% 74% 75% 73% 81% 73% 75% 77% 76% 71% 77% 70% 68% 76% 73% 75% 81% Billionaires earned their wealth by creating value

for other people, like inventing new technolo-gies or starting businesses that improve people’s lives 69% 71% 68% 66% 68% 67% 68% 69% 72% 76% 65% 77% 77% 60% 70% 69% 64%

We are all better off when people get rich because they invest their money in new businesses that create jobs and new technology 65% 69% 63% 62% 64% 66% 63% 60% 71% 75% 60% 79% 73% 54% 69% 70% 54%

We shouldn’t let people get too rich in this country because rich people have too much political power and threaten democracy 42% 45% 39% 39% 43% 49% 41% 35% 37% 37% 45% 31% 41% 40% 37% 43% 48%

Billionaires are a threat to Democracy 37% 38% 35% 33% 42% 46% 34% 28% 33% 30% 40% 32% 30% 38% 38% 39% 38% It’s immoral for society to allow people to become

billionaires 23% 25% 20% 22% 25% 29% 22% 13% 22% 21% 24% 22% 20% 27% 22% 22% 25% I feel angry when I read or hear about very rich

people 23% 26% 20% 21% 25% 28% 24% 17% 17% 21% 24% 20% 25% 35% 18% 18% 24%


23. a) Agree or disagree: There is nothing wrong with a person trying to make as much money as they can To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? There is nothing wrong with a person trying to make as much money as they honestly can.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





23. b) Agree or disagree: We are all better off when people get rich To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? We are all better off when people get rich because they invest their money in new businesses that create jobs and new technology.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





23. c) Agree or disagree: Billionaires earned their wealth by creating value for other people To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Billionaires earned their wealth by creating value for other people, like inventing new technologies or starting businesses that improve people’s lives.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





23. d) Agree or disagree: We shouldn’t let people get too rich To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? We shouldn’t let people get too rich in this country because rich people have too much political power and threaten democracy.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





23. e) Agree or disagree: People admire the rich too much To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? People admire rich people too much.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





23. f) Agree or disagree: Billionaires are a threat to democracy To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Billionaires are a threat to democracy.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





23. g) Agree or disagree: It’s immoral for society to allow people to become billionaires To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It’s immoral for society to allow people to become billionaires.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





23. h) Agree or disagree: I feel angry when I read or hear about very rich people To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I feel angry when I read or hear about very rich people.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





24. Feelings of admiration or resentment of the rich If you had to choose, do you feel more admiration or resentment of rich people?








Not Libertarian

Admiration 71% 70% 68% 73% 56% 71% 88% 47% 59% 71% 87% 87% 66% 86% 67% Resentment 28% 29% 32% 26% 43% 27% 12% 52% 40% 28% 12% 13% 33% 14% 31% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Admiration 71% 53% 57% 73% 91% 87% 71% 57% 52% 72% 73% 74% 69% 72% 74% 70% 76% 57% Resentment 28% 45% 42% 27% 8% 13% 29% 42% 46% 27% 27% 25% 30% 27% 25% 29% 23% 40% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 3% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Admiration 71% 73% 68% 83% 51% 66% 81% 69% 71% 67% 68% 77% 74% 87% 60% 66% 72% 76% 84% Resentment 28% 26% 31% 17% 46% 34% 18% 30% 28% 32% 32% 22% 25% 13% 39% 33% 26% 22% 16% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 0% 3% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Admiration 71% 71% 73% 70% 72% 70% 71% 70% 75% 82% 66% 88% 79% 69% 80% 70% 61% Resentment 28% 28% 26% 29% 27% 28% 28% 30% 24% 18% 32% 11% 21% 30% 19% 29% 38% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


25. Is violence against the rich ever justified? Do you think citizens taking violent action against the rich is ever justified?








Not Libertarian

Yes, sometimes justified 17% 30% 15% 15% 17% 21% 16% 36% 17% 15% 11% 16% 16% 29% 17% No, never justified 82% 69% 84% 84% 81% 77% 84% 64% 81% 85% 88% 83% 82% 71% 82% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 3% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Yes, sometimes justified 17% 31% 18% 12% 16% 10% 10% 22% 47% 17% 19% 21% 13% 14% 32% 18% 27% 12% No, never justified 82% 68% 80% 88% 84% 90% 88% 77% 52% 82% 78% 77% 86% 85% 66% 82% 73% 87% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 2% 0% 0% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Yes, sometimes justified 17% 15% 16% 36% 50% 25% 15% 15% 22% 21% 12% 17% 15% 28% 35% 20% 8% 11% 10% No, never justified 82% 85% 82% 64% 50% 75% 85% 83% 77% 77% 87% 83% 85% 72% 64% 79% 91% 88% 89% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 2% 2% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Yes, sometimes justified 17% 17% 18% 18% 15% 22% 20% 10% 6% 21% 16% 30% 17% 20% 19% 10% 17% No, never justified 82% 82% 81% 81% 84% 77% 79% 90% 92% 78% 83% 70% 81% 80% 80% 88% 82% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 1% 1% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


26. Do most rich people earn their wealth or take advantage of others? Do you think most rich people in this country earned their wealth or do you think that most rich people in this country got rich by taking advantage of other people?








Not Libertarian

Most earned their wealth 60% 52% 61% 61% 41% 58% 80% 33% 45% 53% 80% 84% 53% 78% 55% Most took advantage of other people 39% 46% 39% 38% 58% 41% 19% 66% 53% 46% 19% 15% 46% 21% 44% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Most earned their wealth 60% 40% 42% 57% 87% 80% 59% 40% 37% 60% 61% 63% 56% 62% 50% 60% 51% 53% Most took advantage of other people 39% 60% 57% 42% 12% 19% 40% 59% 62% 39% 38% 36% 43% 37% 48% 40% 49% 47% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Most earned their wealth 60% 64% 56% 76% 41% 49% 66% 54% 53% 56% 60% 63% 65% 73% 48% 56% 55% 67% 72% Most took advantage of other people 39% 35% 42% 24% 59% 51% 33% 45% 45% 43% 39% 36% 34% 27% 52% 44% 43% 31% 27% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 2% 2% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Most earned their wealth 60% 62% 60% 56% 57% 59% 57% 65% 61% 70% 55% 80% 74% 61% 59% 56% 49% Most took advantage of other people 39% 37% 40% 43% 41% 40% 42% 35% 38% 29% 45% 18% 25% 39% 40% 43% 50% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


27. Have you donated or volunteered in the last 12 months? During the past 12 months, did you volunteer your time, or donate money, food, or clothing to charity or a community group?








Not Libertarian

Volunteered or donated in the last 12 months 71% 69% 72% 71% 68% 70% 75% 74% 75% 64% 76% 77% 56% 77% 74% Neither in the past 12 months 28% 31% 28% 27% 32% 29% 24% 25% 24% 36% 22% 23% 44% 23% 25% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Volunteered or donated in the last 12 months 71% 70% 69% 68% 78% 73% 66% 70% 79% 73% 57% 72% 70% 76% 64% 61% 54% 68% Neither in the past 12 months 28% 30% 30% 31% 21% 26% 34% 29% 20% 27% 43% 27% 29% 23% 35% 38% 46% 31% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Volunteered or donated in the last 12 months 71% 74% 70% 79% 63% 70% 80% 67% 50% 66% 72% 81% 85% 82% 73% 65% 66% 71% 81% Neither in the past 12 months 28% 25% 30% 21% 35% 30% 19% 33% 49% 34% 27% 19% 13% 18% 27% 34% 32% 28% 19% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Volunteered or donated in the last 12 months 71% 61% 72% 83% 84% 70% 74% 67% 73% 78% 68% 87% 84% 78% 77% 64% 60% Neither in the past 12 months 28% 38% 27% 16% 16% 30% 25% 34% 28% 22% 31% 13% 15% 22% 22% 36% 38% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


SUMMARY TABLE 3 Rating of local economic conditions Thinking about where you live, how would you rate the conditions for each of the following?








Not Libertarian

Net-bad Finding decent, affordable housing 44% 53% 56% 38% 50% 49% 34% 53% 58% 41% 39% 31% 44% 36% 45% Moving up financially 39% 53% 51% 33% 44% 47% 30% 46% 48% 38% 32% 27% 59% 29% 39% Finding good jobs 36% 47% 48% 30% 38% 46% 29% 37% 48% 34% 30% 26% 56% 27% 36% Accessing a decent education for your children 25% 37% 32% 21% 29% 30% 19% 30% 35% 24% 17% 22% 33% 22% 26%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-bad Finding decent, affordable housing 44% 51% 52% 45% 31% 37% 47% 48% 52% 44% 43% 41% 46% 44% 37% 39% 61% 60% Moving up financially 39% 48% 53% 40% 22% 27% 45% 49% 43% 38% 49% 34% 43% 39% 41% 38% 35% 44% Finding good jobs 36% 45% 48% 37% 20% 27% 43% 42% 36% 34% 48% 32% 39% 36% 33% 32% 38% 54% Accessing a decent education for your children 25% 30% 31% 27% 16% 20% 25% 31% 26% 24% 33% 25% 26% 24% 26% 27% 28% 34%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-bad Finding decent, affordable housing 44% 39% 50% 20% 52% 51% 40% 57% 49% 50% 50% 32% 36% 37% 49% 47% 36% 45% 39% Moving up financially 39% 33% 44% 19% 61% 41% 35% 45% 51% 52% 44% 23% 27% 9% 41% 46% 37% 39% 31% Finding good jobs 36% 29% 33% 38% 57% 43% 34% 46% 45% 47% 38% 26% 25% 8% 42% 37% 33% 34% 31% Accessing a decent education for your children 25% 21% 29% 28% 41% 22% 21% 38% 33% 34% 27% 18% 14% 10% 25% 34% 25% 23% 18%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-bad Finding decent, affordable housing 44% 40% 46% 44% 48% 44% 41% 45% 46% 36% 47% 41% 32% 39% 38% 48% 51% Moving up financially 39% 43% 40% 34% 31% 35% 32% 45% 55% 34% 41% 33% 27% 36% 41% 42% 44% Finding good jobs 36% 38% 39% 33% 24% 28% 30% 45% 55% 31% 38% 32% 26% 34% 35% 36% 41% Accessing a decent education for your children 25% 26% 29% 21% 21% 28% 23% 23% 27% 20% 28% 25% 18% 26% 24% 29% 28%


28. a) Rating of local conditions: Finding good jobs Thinking about where you live, how would you rate the conditions for each of the following? Finding good jobs.








Not Libertarian

Net-good 63% 53% 51% 68% 61% 53% 69% 62% 50% 64% 67% 74% 44% 72% 62% Net-bad 36% 47% 48% 30% 38% 46% 29% 37% 48% 34% 30% 26% 56% 27% 36% Very bad 10% 17% 11% 8% 10% 16% 7% 15% 10% 8% 8% 7% 19% 7% 10% Somewhat bad 26% 30% 37% 22% 28% 30% 22% 22% 38% 25% 22% 19% 36% 21% 26% Somewhat good 43% 36% 39% 46% 42% 39% 46% 44% 38% 50% 43% 45% 23% 49% 43% Very good 19% 17% 11% 22% 18% 14% 23% 18% 12% 15% 24% 28% 22% 23% 19% Don't Know/Refused 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% 0% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-good 63% 53% 51% 61% 79% 72% 56% 55% 64% 64% 51% 66% 59% 62% 66% 67% 62% 46% Net-bad 36% 45% 48% 37% 20% 27% 43% 42% 36% 34% 48% 32% 39% 36% 33% 32% 38% 54% Very bad 10% 20% 11% 9% 5% 8% 10% 11% 12% 9% 20% 8% 12% 9% 9% 14% 7% 12% Somewhat bad 26% 25% 37% 28% 15% 19% 33% 31% 24% 25% 28% 24% 28% 26% 24% 18% 32% 42% Somewhat good 43% 32% 40% 46% 47% 46% 46% 40% 39% 44% 35% 44% 42% 44% 45% 44% 46% 25% Very good 19% 21% 10% 15% 32% 26% 10% 15% 24% 20% 17% 22% 17% 18% 20% 23% 16% 21% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 2% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-good 63% 69% 66% 62% 41% 57% 65% 54% 54% 53% 60% 73% 71% 89% 54% 61% 64% 65% 68% Net-bad 36% 29% 33% 38% 57% 43% 34% 46% 45% 47% 38% 26% 25% 8% 42% 37% 33% 34% 31% Very bad 10% 6% 10% 19% 27% 11% 4% 18% 20% 14% 6% 5% 6% 4% 16% 11% 13% 7% 4% Somewhat bad 26% 22% 23% 19% 30% 32% 30% 28% 25% 33% 32% 20% 19% 4% 26% 26% 21% 27% 28% Somewhat good 43% 47% 44% 40% 32% 46% 48% 40% 36% 38% 46% 53% 43% 42% 38% 42% 45% 47% 45% Very good 19% 22% 22% 22% 8% 11% 17% 14% 18% 15% 14% 20% 28% 46% 17% 19% 20% 18% 23% Don't Know/Refused 2% 3% 1% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% 4% 3% 3% 1% 2% 1% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-good 63% 60% 59% 67% 76% 70% 68% 54% 45% 68% 60% 66% 73% 63% 64% 63% 57% Net-bad 36% 38% 39% 33% 24% 28% 30% 45% 55% 31% 38% 32% 26% 34% 35% 36% 41% Very bad 10% 12% 11% 6% 6% 8% 8% 13% 14% 9% 10% 9% 9% 10% 6% 10% 13% Somewhat bad 26% 26% 27% 26% 18% 20% 21% 32% 40% 21% 28% 24% 17% 25% 29% 26% 28% Somewhat good 43% 39% 44% 47% 51% 47% 47% 37% 34% 45% 42% 39% 48% 46% 49% 47% 38% Very good 19% 21% 15% 20% 25% 24% 21% 17% 11% 23% 18% 27% 25% 16% 15% 16% 19% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 1% 0% 2% 2% 1% 0% 2% 2% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


28. b) Rating of local conditions: Finding decent, affordable housing Thinking about where you live, how would you rate the conditions for each of the following? Finding decent, affordable housing.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





28. c) Rating of local conditions: Accessing a decent education for your children Thinking about where you live, how would you rate the conditions for each of the following? Accessing a decent education for your children.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





28. d) Rating of local conditions: Moving up financially Thinking about where you live, how would you rate the conditions for each of the following? Moving up financially.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





SUMMARY TABLE 4 Affordability of key household budget items Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same?








Not Libertarian

Net-more difficult Education costs 48% 48% 54% 46% 55% 42% 43% 57% 53% 47% 46% 40% 42% 42% 48% Food 42% 56% 53% 36% 46% 44% 38% 44% 46% 42% 38% 38% 53% 33% 42% Monthly utility bills 41% 51% 50% 37% 44% 46% 36% 48% 39% 41% 41% 33% 50% 33% 41% Your rent or mortgage 38% 48% 45% 34% 46% 38% 29% 46% 45% 37% 34% 27% 46% 27% 39% Gas/other transportation costs 37% 51% 45% 32% 43% 39% 31% 38% 40% 42% 32% 29% 46% 33% 37% Credit card bills 37% 50% 38% 33% 41% 41% 30% 45% 39% 37% 32% 27% 54% 31% 36% Childcare 35% 41% 42% 32% 38% 34% 33% 36% 39% 36% 37% 26% 35% 28% 35%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-more difficult Education costs 48% 49% 54% 47% 43% 42% 51% 52% 50% 49% 38% 44% 52% 48% 42% 43% 63% 59% Food 42% 49% 50% 41% 33% 35% 47% 47% 44% 42% 42% 33% 51% 43% 38% 39% 29% 55% Monthly utility bills 41% 53% 49% 37% 34% 37% 46% 41% 47% 42% 35% 34% 47% 42% 36% 38% 37% 47% Your rent or mortgage 38% 51% 47% 34% 27% 29% 44% 42% 47% 38% 37% 32% 43% 35% 42% 42% 35% 50% Gas/other transportation costs 37% 46% 43% 37% 28% 33% 40% 41% 37% 38% 35% 31% 43% 36% 36% 39% 35% 55% Credit card bills 37% 45% 44% 36% 27% 31% 42% 37% 48% 36% 37% 34% 39% 35% 37% 40% 26% 53% Childcare 35% 34% 41% 34% 32% 31% 41% 36% 38% 36% 30% 28% 42% 36% 32% 31% 29% 50%


Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-more difficult Education costs 48% 44% 44% 31% 40% 50% 53% 57% 45% 53% 52% 43% 47% 40% 43% 42% 52% 54% 52% Food 42% 34% 45% 32% 40% 35% 50% 43% 52% 55% 44% 36% 24% 18% 37% 37% 48% 43% 48% Monthly utility bills 41% 36% 39% 28% 42% 29% 48% 43% 48% 49% 42% 37% 30% 19% 35% 38% 38% 47% 47% Your rent or mortgage 38% 33% 40% 30% 42% 40% 38% 47% 45% 46% 45% 26% 28% 18% 39% 38% 38% 36% 38% Gas/other transportation costs 37% 31% 41% 26% 34% 29% 42% 42% 45% 44% 40% 35% 23% 16% 34% 33% 42% 42% 38% Credit card bills 37% 34% 39% 28% 41% 17% 37% 47% 41% 45% 40% 31% 26% 12% 32% 39% 36% 41% 35% Childcare 35% 30% 36% 29% 21% 21% 45% 47% 37% 44% 36% 29% 31% 12% 23% 33% 33% 40% 47%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-more difficult Education costs 48% 38% 52% 56% 56% 47% 47% 50% 50% 44% 50% 45% 43% 47% 48% 55% 48% Food 42% 41% 48% 35% 42% 39% 40% 45% 50% 42% 42% 43% 37% 39% 39% 51% 41% Monthly utility bills 41% 40% 46% 38% 37% 37% 40% 46% 46% 38% 42% 38% 37% 32% 41% 47% 43% Your rent or mortgage 38% 37% 42% 34% 37% 40% 35% 36% 43% 36% 39% 33% 31% 38% 34% 42% 41% Gas/other transportation costs 37% 37% 41% 34% 32% 36% 35% 34% 48% 39% 36% 35% 32% 35% 47% 43% 35% Credit card bills 37% 37% 38% 34% 34% 36% 32% 43% 42% 35% 37% 29% 29% 36% 44% 44% 36% Childcare 35% 34% 35% 36% 38% 32% 35% 36% 42% 35% 35% 34% 33% 31% 36% 41% 33%


29. a) Affordability of key budget items: Educational costs Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Education costs.








Not Libertarian

Net-easier 10% 11% 7% 11% 11% 5% 12% 14% 8% 8% 13% 10% 8% 18% 9% Stayed about the same 40% 40% 36% 41% 32% 51% 42% 27% 36% 43% 39% 47% 49% 40% 40% Net-more difficult 48% 48% 54% 46% 55% 42% 43% 57% 53% 47% 46% 40% 42% 42% 48% Much more difficult 23% 27% 27% 21% 29% 24% 17% 31% 30% 20% 22% 14% 25% 22% 24% Somewhat more difficult 25% 21% 27% 25% 26% 18% 26% 26% 22% 27% 24% 25% 17% 20% 24% Stayed about the same 40% 40% 36% 41% 32% 51% 42% 27% 36% 43% 39% 47% 49% 40% 40% Somewhat easier 5% 5% 2% 6% 4% 3% 7% 7% 6% 4% 6% 4% 2% 7% 5% Much easier 5% 6% 5% 5% 7% 2% 5% 7% 2% 4% 7% 6% 7% 10% 4% Don't Know/Refused 2% 1% 3% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 3% 2% 2% 3% 0% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-easier 10% 8% 8% 9% 15% 10% 10% 6% 23% 10% 12% 10% 11% 9% 15% 15% 9% 3% Stayed about the same 40% 41% 37% 42% 40% 46% 38% 39% 24% 39% 49% 44% 36% 40% 41% 39% 28% 36% Net-more difficult 48% 49% 54% 47% 43% 42% 51% 52% 50% 49% 38% 44% 52% 48% 42% 43% 63% 59% Much more difficult 23% 25% 26% 23% 21% 21% 19% 28% 26% 23% 23% 21% 26% 21% 25% 25% 31% 39% Somewhat more difficult 25% 24% 27% 24% 22% 21% 32% 24% 24% 26% 15% 23% 26% 27% 17% 18% 32% 21% Stayed about the same 40% 41% 37% 42% 40% 46% 38% 39% 24% 39% 49% 44% 36% 40% 41% 39% 28% 36% Somewhat easier 5% 3% 4% 5% 7% 5% 5% 4% 6% 5% 7% 6% 4% 5% 6% 8% 3% 2% Much easier 5% 5% 4% 4% 8% 5% 6% 2% 18% 5% 5% 4% 7% 5% 9% 7% 6% 1% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 0% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Education costs. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-easier 10% 13% 13% 22% 13% 5% 7% 3% 8% 12% 7% 11% 9% 35% 12% 15% 6% 9% 8% Stayed about the same 40% 41% 40% 47% 45% 44% 38% 39% 46% 33% 39% 46% 39% 24% 43% 42% 40% 35% 38% Net-more difficult 48% 44% 44% 31% 40% 50% 53% 57% 45% 53% 52% 43% 47% 40% 43% 42% 52% 54% 52% Much more difficult 23% 20% 20% 6% 24% 26% 27% 24% 26% 26% 26% 18% 21% 16% 19% 19% 30% 26% 25% Somewhat more difficult 25% 24% 24% 25% 17% 24% 26% 33% 19% 27% 26% 25% 26% 24% 24% 22% 22% 28% 27% Stayed about the same 40% 41% 40% 47% 45% 44% 38% 39% 46% 33% 39% 46% 39% 24% 43% 42% 40% 35% 38% Somewhat easier 5% 7% 6% 10% 5% 3% 3% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 5% 14% 6% 8% 3% 5% 2% Much easier 5% 6% 7% 12% 8% 2% 4% 1% 5% 8% 2% 5% 4% 21% 6% 7% 3% 4% 6% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 3% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 3% 2% 1% 5% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-easier 10% 12% 9% 9% 11% 15% 9% 7% 6% 15% 8% 18% 17% 12% 14% 5% 6% Stayed about the same 40% 48% 37% 33% 30% 35% 42% 41% 43% 39% 40% 36% 37% 38% 37% 39% 43% Net-more difficult 48% 38% 52% 56% 56% 47% 47% 50% 50% 44% 50% 45% 43% 47% 48% 55% 48% Much more difficult 23% 19% 23% 29% 28% 24% 20% 25% 27% 18% 26% 21% 18% 23% 24% 28% 25% Somewhat more difficult 25% 19% 29% 27% 28% 23% 27% 25% 23% 25% 24% 24% 26% 24% 24% 27% 24% Stayed about the same 40% 48% 37% 33% 30% 35% 42% 41% 43% 39% 40% 36% 37% 38% 37% 39% 43% Somewhat easier 5% 5% 4% 7% 6% 8% 4% 3% 3% 7% 4% 5% 8% 9% 6% 3% 3% Much easier 5% 7% 5% 2% 6% 8% 5% 3% 3% 8% 4% 14% 8% 3% 8% 2% 3% Don't Know/Refused 2% 3% 2% 1% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 1% 3% 3% 1% 1% 3% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


29. b) Affordability of key budget items: Gas/other transportation costs Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Gas/other transportation costs.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Gas/other transportation costs. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





29. c) Affordability of key budget items: Monthly utility bills Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Monthly utility bills.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Monthly utility bills. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





29. d) Affordability of key budget items: Your rent or mortgage Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Your rent or mortgage.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Your rent or mortgage. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





29. e) Affordability of key budget items: Food Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Food.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Food. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





29. f) Affordability of key budget items: Childcare Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Childcare.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Childcare. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





29. g) Affordability of key budget items: Credit card bills Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Credit card bills.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Thinking over the past few years, has it become easier or more difficult to afford the following, or has it stayed about the same? Credit card bills. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





30. Ever received government welfare assistance Have you ever received any form of government welfare assistance such as food stamps, cash welfare (TANF), housing assistance or other form of assistance?








Not Libertarian

No 68% 0% 0% 100% 65% 68% 70% 63% 67% 63% 76% 69% 64% 63% 71% Yes 32% 100% 100% 0% 35% 32% 30% 37% 33% 37% 24% 31% 36% 37% 29% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


No 68% 63% 63% 69% 73% 74% 70% 63% 52% 68% 62% 72% 63% 68% 56% 77% 73% 56% Yes 32% 37% 37% 31% 27% 26% 30% 37% 48% 32% 38% 28% 37% 32% 44% 23% 27% 44% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

No 68% 75% 66% 54% 59% 78% 74% 54% 43% 56% 75% 76% 88% 80% 74% 64% 62% 64% 74% Yes 32% 25% 34% 46% 41% 22% 26% 46% 57% 44% 25% 24% 12% 20% 26% 36% 38% 36% 26% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



No 68% 64% 64% 76% 80% 65% 77% 56% 63% 59% 72% 57% 72% 72% 65% 66% 68% Yes 32% 36% 36% 24% 20% 35% 23% 44% 37% 41% 28% 43% 28% 28% 35% 34% 32% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


31. Currently receiving government welfare assistance [IF Q30=YES] Are you currently receiving any form of government welfare assistance such as food stamps (SNAP), cash welfare (TANF), housing assistance or other form of assistance?








Not Libertarian

Yes 53% 100% 0% 53% 54% 68% 44% 62% 43% 59% 43% 42% 75% 59% 46% No 47% 0% 100% 47% 46% 32% 56% 38% 57% 41% 57% 58% 25% 41% 54% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Yes 53% 61% 58% 49% 44% 38% 53% 59% 69% 51% 67% 55% 52% 48% 73% 51% 41% 59% No 47% 39% 42% 51% 56% 62% 47% 41% 31% 49% 33% 45% 48% 52% 27% 49% 59% 41% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Yes 53% 36% 65% 66% 72% 55% 39% 52% 77% 47% 32% 44% 35% 89% 66% 54% 57% 50% 40% No 47% 64% 35% 34% 28% 45% 61% 48% 23% 53% 68% 56% 65% 11% 34% 46% 43% 50% 60% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Yes 53% 59% 52% 46% 34% 61% 53% 43% 49% 63% 46% 53% 67% 71% 49% 61% 39% No 47% 41% 48% 54% 66% 39% 47% 57% 51% 37% 54% 47% 33% 29% 51% 39% 61% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


32. Economic experiences Have you ever experienced any of the following? Select all that apply.








Not Libertarian

Taken out a mortgage on a home, of any duration 40% 23% 40% 45% 35% 32% 49% 30% 42% 34% 51% 51% 18% 36% 44% Received any form of government welfare assis-

tance such as food stamps, cash welfare (TANF), housing assistance or other form of assistance 32% 100% 100% 0% 35% 32% 30% 37% 33% 37% 24% 31% 36% 37% 29%

Taken out a student loan for any portion of educa-tion, including private primary school, secondary education, or a graduate degree 27% 25% 39% 25% 31% 24% 25% 36% 39% 23% 24% 21% 21% 31% 28%

Received a sum of money, property, or other assets valued at more than $10,000 from an inher-itance 17% 9% 17% 19% 14% 13% 22% 16% 15% 12% 21% 25% 13% 22% 18%

Received a more than 10 percent pay raise from 16% 11% 24% 16% 19% 11% 16% 19% 23% 14% 16% 16% 4% 24% 17%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Taken out a mortgage on a home, of any duration 40% 21% 36% 39% 55% 51% 32% 35% 32% 44% 16% 40% 40% 48% 24% 27% 17% 32% Received any form of government welfare assis-

tance such as food stamps, cash welfare (TANF), housing assistance or other form of assistance 32% 37% 37% 31% 27% 26% 30% 37% 48% 32% 38% 28% 37% 32% 44% 23% 27% 44%

Taken out a student loan for any portion of educa-tion, including private primary school, secondary education, or a graduate degree 27% 26% 33% 26% 25% 24% 24% 31% 37% 29% 14% 25% 29% 28% 32% 19% 22% 35%

Received a sum of money, property, or other assets valued at more than $10,000 from an inher-itance 17% 7% 12% 20% 24% 21% 13% 14% 20% 18% 12% 18% 16% 21% 11% 8% 11% 11%

Received a more than 10 percent pay raise from 16% 8% 14% 18% 21% 17% 14% 15% 21% 18% 7% 21% 12% 16% 16% 13% 33% 16%


Have you ever experienced any of the following? Select all that apply. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Taken out a mortgage on a home, of any duration 40% 44% 28% 24% 13% 4% 67% 32% 12% 24% 45% 56% 65% 51% 9% 27% 40% 60% 67% Received any form of government welfare assis-

tance such as food stamps, cash welfare (TANF), housing assistance or other form of assistance 32% 25% 34% 46% 41% 22% 26% 46% 57% 44% 25% 24% 12% 20% 26% 36% 38% 36% 26%

Taken out a student loan for any portion of educa-tion, including private primary school, secondary education, or a graduate degree 27% 34% 31% 11% 23% 42% 14% 23% 17% 23% 26% 34% 37% 30% 31% 34% 28% 28% 13%

Received a sum of money, property, or other assets valued at more than $10,000 from an inher-itance 17% 17% 12% 0% 7% 8% 30% 13% 6% 11% 20% 21% 25% 35% 9% 9% 14% 22% 32%

Received a more than 10 percent pay raise from 16% 23% 12% 12% 1% 7% 19% 7% 5% 13% 15% 20% 28% 27% 13% 16% 14% 18% 20%


Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Taken out a mortgage on a home, of any duration 40% 31% 39% 51% 61% 26% 45% 44% 53% 38% 41% 32% 46% 41% 37% 41% 40% Received any form of government welfare assis-

tance such as food stamps, cash welfare (TANF), housing assistance or other form of assistance 32% 36% 36% 24% 20% 35% 23% 44% 37% 41% 28% 43% 28% 28% 35% 34% 32%

Taken out a student loan for any portion of educa-tion, including private primary school, secondary education, or a graduate degree 27% 7% 34% 43% 55% 27% 27% 30% 25% 26% 28% 25% 26% 31% 27% 25% 30%

Received a sum of money, property, or other assets valued at more than $10,000 from an inher-itance 17% 13% 15% 23% 25% 12% 21% 18% 17% 18% 16% 19% 21% 21% 21% 15% 14%

Received a more than 10 percent pay raise from 16% 7% 17% 27% 33% 16% 19% 14% 12% 16% 16% 14% 22% 19% 14% 14% 17%


33. Financial fragility Was there any time during the past 12 months when you were worried that income from all the members of your household would not be enough to meet all the expenses and bills, or not?








Not Libertarian

Yes worried, and I could not pay expenses/bills 21% 39% 20% 16% 22% 26% 16% 26% 17% 20% 15% 19% 44% 20% 19% Yes worried, but was able to pay expenses/bills 42% 48% 46% 39% 42% 42% 41% 43% 43% 46% 41% 34% 35% 37% 40% No, not worried about meeting expenses/bills 36% 13% 34% 42% 34% 30% 41% 30% 38% 31% 42% 47% 21% 43% 40% Don't Know/Refused 2% 0% 0% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Yes worried, and I could not pay expenses/bills 21% 31% 26% 19% 13% 13% 22% 26% 29% 20% 24% 17% 24% 18% 25% 29% 13% 26% Yes worried, but was able to pay expenses/bills 42% 46% 44% 42% 36% 41% 44% 42% 39% 40% 52% 39% 44% 42% 41% 41% 44% 44% No, not worried about meeting expenses/bills 36% 21% 28% 38% 50% 44% 31% 31% 32% 38% 23% 42% 31% 39% 33% 26% 43% 30% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 2% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% 4% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Yes worried, and I could not pay expenses/bills 21% 21% 32% 42% 24% 11% 8% 22% 34% 28% 17% 15% 9% 21% 25% 29% 29% 12% 7% Yes worried, but was able to pay expenses/bills 42% 38% 39% 51% 46% 53% 40% 48% 46% 50% 43% 42% 28% 15% 46% 39% 39% 49% 37% No, not worried about meeting expenses/bills 36% 39% 28% 8% 28% 35% 52% 30% 20% 20% 40% 42% 59% 64% 28% 29% 31% 37% 55% Don't Know/Refused 2% 3% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% 2% 1% 0% 4% 0% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Yes worried, and I could not pay expenses/bills 21% 22% 23% 17% 13% 22% 19% 19% 22% 20% 21% 20% 21% 34% 15% 21% 20% Yes worried, but was able to pay expenses/bills 42% 43% 45% 36% 35% 42% 38% 47% 44% 45% 40% 49% 36% 38% 48% 45% 40% No, not worried about meeting expenses/bills 36% 32% 31% 45% 51% 34% 41% 33% 34% 32% 38% 31% 40% 28% 36% 34% 39% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 1% 1% 0% 3% 2% 1% 0% 2% 1% 0% 4% 0% 1% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


34. Has the lack of a credential prevented you or someone you know from getting a job? Has the lack of a credential or license ever prevented you, or someone you know, from getting a job you, or they, were capable of doing?








Not Libertarian

Yes 34% 45% 42% 29% 39% 31% 30% 45% 40% 33% 28% 31% 25% 41% 34% No 48% 40% 46% 50% 44% 42% 54% 41% 45% 46% 54% 53% 38% 44% 51% Not sure 17% 15% 12% 19% 16% 25% 15% 14% 12% 20% 15% 15% 37% 14% 15% Don't Know/Refused 2% 1% 0% 2% 1% 1% 2% 0% 2% 2% 3% 1% 0% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Yes 34% 37% 39% 35% 28% 28% 30% 40% 43% 34% 33% 32% 36% 32% 30% 40% 40% 46% No 48% 41% 41% 48% 57% 55% 49% 42% 36% 49% 43% 51% 44% 51% 46% 39% 38% 39% Not sure 17% 18% 20% 16% 14% 16% 21% 16% 20% 16% 24% 16% 18% 16% 22% 21% 19% 13% Don't Know/Refused 2% 4% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 0% 2% 1% 2% 2% 1% 3% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Yes 34% 35% 39% 31% 46% 25% 26% 33% 38% 39% 34% 30% 26% 34% 33% 41% 37% 31% 25% No 48% 49% 35% 51% 33% 46% 61% 54% 38% 41% 49% 52% 60% 49% 39% 43% 44% 49% 61% Not sure 17% 14% 24% 18% 19% 30% 11% 13% 24% 20% 15% 17% 10% 11% 25% 15% 17% 19% 12% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 0% 2% 0% 2% 0% 1% 1% 2% 0% 4% 7% 3% 1% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Yes 34% 30% 36% 36% 36% 37% 29% 30% 39% 38% 32% 36% 34% 39% 33% 36% 33% No 48% 48% 46% 47% 53% 45% 51% 50% 45% 46% 49% 51% 47% 43% 53% 41% 51% Not sure 17% 21% 15% 16% 10% 16% 18% 20% 15% 15% 18% 12% 17% 18% 13% 21% 15% Don't Know/Refused 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 3% 2% 1% 0% 1% 2% 2% 2% 0% 1% 2% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


35. Prefer to send kids to public or private school If the costs were the same, where would you prefer to send your kids to school?








Not Libertarian

Private school 55% 52% 61% 54% 40% 59% 68% 35% 37% 55% 70% 71% 53% 61% 53% Public school 44% 47% 39% 44% 59% 39% 31% 65% 62% 43% 29% 28% 47% 39% 46% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Private school 55% 51% 40% 50% 75% 74% 53% 36% 39% 54% 59% 53% 56% 54% 51% 57% 41% 72% Public school 44% 47% 59% 49% 24% 25% 45% 63% 60% 44% 41% 45% 43% 44% 48% 41% 58% 28% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Private school 55% 52% 52% 74% 58% 46% 58% 63% 58% 53% 56% 54% 52% 64% 46% 51% 56% 63% 60% Public school 44% 46% 46% 26% 40% 54% 42% 37% 41% 46% 44% 45% 44% 36% 52% 48% 42% 37% 39% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 2% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 4% 0% 2% 1% 2% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Private school 55% 53% 56% 57% 54% 53% 55% 52% 59% 63% 51% 68% 59% 55% 54% 56% 48% Public school 44% 46% 42% 42% 45% 44% 44% 47% 40% 35% 48% 32% 38% 45% 45% 43% 51% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 3% 0% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


36. Favor or oppose offering higher salaries to math and science teachers Do you favor or oppose offering higher salaries to school teachers who teach math and science classes?








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





37. Favor or oppose proposal to offer tax credits to people who donate towards scholarships A proposal has been made to offer a tax credit for people and businesses who donate towards scholarships to help parents send their children to private school if they choose. Would you favor or oppose such a proposal?








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





38. Favor or oppose school vouchers A proposal has been made that would give all families with children in public school a wider choice, by allowing them to use a voucher to enroll their children in private schools instead, with government help-ing to pay the tuition. Would you support or oppose this proposal?








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





39. Would giving parents more ability to choose their child’s school help reduce poverty? Do you think that giving parents more ability to choose which school their child attends, public or private, would help reduce poverty?








Not Libertarian

Yes 38% 40% 35% 38% 33% 29% 47% 35% 25% 35% 45% 51% 33% 61% 34% No 34% 31% 39% 34% 43% 26% 28% 48% 48% 33% 26% 23% 29% 22% 41% Don't know 27% 28% 26% 27% 22% 43% 24% 18% 24% 31% 28% 26% 37% 16% 24% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 0% 3% 2% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Yes 38% 30% 32% 31% 52% 45% 32% 30% 41% 38% 36% 42% 34% 34% 48% 44% 25% 47% No 34% 35% 39% 40% 24% 23% 40% 41% 44% 35% 29% 34% 34% 38% 28% 23% 41% 30% Don't know 27% 32% 28% 27% 23% 31% 27% 27% 14% 25% 36% 23% 31% 27% 21% 32% 34% 23% Don't Know/Refused 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Yes 38% 39% 38% 32% 44% 28% 36% 34% 36% 35% 40% 42% 32% 58% 36% 37% 37% 40% 38% No 34% 37% 22% 43% 30% 47% 34% 36% 26% 38% 30% 36% 42% 27% 38% 36% 32% 32% 32% Don't know 27% 22% 36% 25% 24% 25% 30% 30% 37% 28% 28% 22% 23% 15% 23% 25% 29% 27% 30% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 4% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 3% 0% 3% 1% 2% 1% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Yes 38% 39% 38% 35% 36% 42% 36% 30% 38% 47% 33% 53% 48% 36% 42% 35% 29% No 34% 29% 33% 43% 42% 31% 35% 36% 37% 28% 37% 26% 30% 30% 30% 35% 40% Don't know 27% 31% 27% 22% 22% 25% 27% 33% 25% 24% 28% 21% 21% 32% 26% 28% 29% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 2% 1% 1% 0% 1% 2% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


40. Favor or oppose building more housing in your community Would you favor or oppose building more houses, condos, and apartment buildings in your community?








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





41. Favor or oppose building more housing in your community if it meant it would be easier for people to afford housing in your neighborhood Would you favor or oppose building more houses, condos, and apartments in your community if it meant it would be easier for people to afford housing in your neighborhood?








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





42. Have housing costs prevented you from moving to a better location? Have expensive housing costs ever prevented you from moving to a better location?








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





43. Has a criminal record been a barrier to finding a job for you or someone you know? Has a criminal record ever been a barrier to finding a job for you or someone you know?








Not Libertarian

Yes, for me 7% 23% 3% 4% 8% 6% 8% 8% 6% 8% 6% 10% 6% 19% 6% Yes, for someone I know 21% 31% 28% 16% 22% 19% 20% 21% 22% 22% 17% 22% 23% 23% 19% No 65% 43% 59% 71% 64% 62% 66% 63% 64% 64% 71% 64% 52% 57% 68% Not sure 8% 6% 12% 8% 8% 12% 7% 9% 9% 7% 6% 7% 20% 4% 8%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Yes, for me 7% 6% 6% 8% 8% 5% 5% 8% 18% 6% 16% 11% 4% 6% 15% 6% 8% 6% Yes, for someone I know 21% 19% 22% 20% 21% 16% 21% 23% 30% 22% 15% 20% 21% 18% 36% 22% 6% 25% No 65% 62% 64% 67% 65% 71% 68% 59% 52% 65% 62% 63% 66% 69% 46% 58% 77% 66% Not sure 8% 13% 9% 6% 6% 8% 7% 10% 6% 8% 7% 7% 8% 7% 8% 15% 9% 2%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Yes, for me 7% 8% 12% 5% 22% 2% 1% 2% 11% 9% 5% 6% 4% 17% 10% 11% 7% 5% 2% Yes, for someone I know 21% 22% 22% 20% 16% 13% 19% 22% 22% 16% 26% 23% 17% 13% 17% 26% 17% 24% 17% No 65% 65% 54% 63% 54% 70% 74% 75% 54% 69% 61% 64% 74% 66% 63% 56% 69% 64% 74% Not sure 8% 6% 11% 13% 10% 16% 6% 3% 12% 7% 10% 9% 3% 4% 11% 8% 7% 7% 7%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Yes, for me 7% 9% 7% 5% 5% 11% 5% 7% 6% 11% 5% 18% 10% 9% 4% 7% 4% Yes, for someone I know 21% 19% 21% 21% 26% 24% 17% 19% 23% 25% 19% 25% 22% 26% 22% 22% 17% No 65% 63% 63% 69% 66% 59% 69% 68% 64% 59% 67% 50% 65% 53% 66% 67% 70% Not sure 8% 10% 9% 6% 3% 8% 10% 6% 7% 6% 9% 7% 6% 13% 9% 6% 8%


44. Does the criminal justice system treat people like you fairly? Do you believe that the criminal justice system treats people like you fairly?








Not Libertarian

Yes 37% 28% 43% 38% 36% 21% 45% 36% 35% 32% 44% 46% 18% 51% 37% No 40% 54% 38% 37% 46% 47% 31% 50% 46% 43% 29% 31% 52% 31% 42% Not sure 22% 17% 19% 24% 18% 30% 23% 14% 18% 23% 25% 24% 30% 18% 20% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Yes 37% 23% 28% 40% 48% 41% 40% 29% 41% 39% 24% 39% 35% 43% 21% 26% 35% 23% No 40% 54% 47% 39% 28% 33% 40% 48% 45% 39% 52% 41% 39% 33% 66% 44% 33% 60% Not sure 22% 21% 23% 21% 22% 25% 19% 22% 13% 22% 24% 19% 25% 22% 12% 30% 31% 16% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Yes 37% 45% 40% 13% 21% 26% 39% 28% 21% 32% 42% 46% 41% 54% 38% 34% 33% 36% 43% No 40% 35% 36% 55% 66% 45% 33% 42% 55% 45% 36% 33% 37% 18% 40% 47% 42% 39% 31% Not sure 22% 19% 22% 32% 12% 29% 27% 31% 23% 23% 22% 22% 20% 28% 21% 18% 23% 25% 25% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Yes 37% 29% 37% 45% 50% 36% 35% 49% 32% 39% 36% 54% 47% 32% 39% 30% 33% No 40% 44% 42% 34% 32% 40% 41% 31% 46% 40% 40% 30% 33% 44% 33% 45% 45% Not sure 22% 26% 19% 20% 18% 22% 24% 19% 21% 20% 23% 16% 17% 24% 26% 24% 21% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 2% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


45. Favor or oppose decriminalizing drug offenses Would you favor or oppose re-categorizing drug offenses from felonies to civil offenses, meaning they would be treated like minor traffic violations rather than crimes?








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable






$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+




Some College

College Degree



Once a week





46. How well does our criminal justice system prepare inmates for after they get out of prison? How good a job would you say our criminal justice system does in preparing prison inmates for finding a job and being a productive member of society after they get out of prison?








Not Libertarian

Poor 52% 47% 55% 52% 60% 45% 46% 64% 71% 49% 43% 47% 32% 48% 55% Fair 32% 28% 33% 33% 25% 38% 37% 20% 19% 38% 40% 30% 47% 29% 31% Good 11% 15% 8% 10% 8% 12% 13% 8% 7% 10% 11% 15% 17% 11% 10% Excellent 3% 8% 2% 3% 5% 1% 3% 6% 2% 1% 4% 4% 3% 12% 2% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 4% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 4% 1% 0% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Poor 52% 56% 56% 50% 50% 50% 42% 61% 55% 54% 39% 54% 50% 54% 50% 40% 48% 64% Fair 32% 26% 34% 36% 31% 35% 43% 26% 20% 32% 36% 28% 36% 34% 31% 35% 33% 16% Good 11% 13% 7% 12% 11% 10% 11% 11% 9% 9% 22% 11% 10% 8% 11% 21% 7% 16% Excellent 3% 2% 2% 2% 7% 2% 2% 2% 17% 3% 2% 4% 3% 3% 8% 1% 5% 4% Don't Know/Refused 2% 5% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 3% 1% 2% 1% 3% 7% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Poor 52% 49% 45% 34% 55% 62% 62% 44% 43% 52% 58% 48% 57% 51% 47% 46% 46% 58% 61% Fair 32% 32% 37% 16% 27% 30% 32% 36% 35% 32% 34% 33% 29% 22% 29% 33% 39% 30% 32% Good 11% 12% 12% 39% 10% 5% 3% 17% 16% 11% 7% 14% 6% 10% 16% 15% 8% 10% 3% Excellent 3% 4% 5% 12% 6% 3% 1% 3% 3% 4% 1% 4% 2% 16% 6% 5% 2% 1% 2% Don't Know/Refused 2% 3% 2% 0% 3% 0% 2% 0% 3% 1% 1% 1% 6% 1% 2% 1% 6% 1% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Poor 52% 45% 53% 57% 64% 44% 58% 50% 54% 44% 55% 38% 44% 46% 51% 54% 61% Fair 32% 36% 31% 32% 26% 31% 29% 41% 34% 36% 31% 32% 35% 34% 38% 33% 28% Good 11% 13% 11% 7% 6% 14% 9% 7% 10% 13% 9% 13% 15% 15% 8% 10% 7% Excellent 3% 4% 3% 3% 3% 7% 1% 1% 2% 6% 2% 14% 4% 4% 1% 2% 1% Don't Know/Refused 2% 3% 2% 1% 1% 3% 3% 0% 0% 1% 2% 3% 2% 0% 2% 0% 3% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


47. Approval of President Trump Do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump is handling his job as President?








Not Libertarian

Strongly approve 26% 17% 27% 28% 4% 12% 56% 2% 5% 11% 50% 67% 19% 37% 26% Somewhat approve 20% 19% 21% 20% 6% 25% 32% 7% 7% 24% 33% 21% 19% 20% 20% Somewhat disapprove 10% 16% 8% 10% 7% 24% 8% 4% 9% 15% 9% 6% 25% 15% 7% Strongly disapprove 43% 48% 44% 42% 83% 39% 4% 86% 79% 50% 8% 6% 38% 28% 47% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Strongly approve 26% 17% 6% 15% 60% 54% 10% 5% 9% 27% 20% 30% 23% 32% 7% 17% 7% 33% Somewhat approve 20% 19% 16% 23% 22% 27% 27% 11% 8% 19% 30% 22% 19% 22% 10% 19% 24% 27% Somewhat disapprove 10% 7% 12% 12% 8% 4% 17% 11% 19% 10% 17% 10% 11% 9% 20% 12% 8% 6% Strongly disapprove 43% 57% 67% 51% 10% 14% 47% 73% 64% 44% 33% 38% 48% 37% 63% 51% 61% 34% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Strongly approve 26% 23% 20% 21% 19% 20% 40% 30% 21% 23% 25% 31% 29% 43% 14% 18% 25% 31% 43% Somewhat approve 20% 21% 26% 59% 26% 18% 15% 21% 19% 20% 20% 21% 22% 21% 24% 25% 16% 19% 15% Somewhat disapprove 10% 10% 19% 2% 9% 18% 5% 16% 15% 13% 8% 11% 6% 5% 18% 12% 12% 7% 4% Strongly disapprove 43% 45% 35% 18% 45% 44% 40% 32% 45% 45% 48% 37% 42% 31% 44% 45% 47% 42% 37% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Strongly approve 26% 30% 28% 19% 22% 20% 27% 27% 36% 37% 21% 39% 33% 18% 25% 23% 22% Somewhat approve 20% 19% 21% 24% 17% 19% 20% 20% 23% 28% 17% 28% 26% 21% 24% 18% 14% Somewhat disapprove 10% 12% 10% 9% 6% 16% 9% 6% 8% 10% 11% 14% 11% 14% 9% 12% 9% Strongly disapprove 43% 40% 41% 48% 55% 45% 44% 48% 33% 26% 52% 19% 31% 47% 42% 46% 56% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


48. Impact of President Trump on attitude toward capitalism Has Donald Trump made you like capitalism more, less, or had no impact on your view of capitalism?








Not Libertarian

Like capitalism less 26% 32% 29% 24% 50% 15% 6% 57% 47% 26% 11% 6% 12% 20% 29% No impact on my opinion of capitalism 58% 54% 54% 60% 44% 76% 64% 39% 48% 66% 64% 54% 78% 59% 55% Like capitalism more 16% 14% 16% 16% 5% 9% 29% 3% 5% 8% 26% 40% 9% 21% 16% Don't Know/Refused 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Like capitalism less 26% 36% 45% 25% 7% 8% 25% 45% 47% 28% 14% 24% 28% 25% 30% 25% 33% 31% No impact on my opinion of capitalism 58% 57% 51% 66% 55% 63% 67% 51% 40% 56% 76% 58% 58% 57% 59% 63% 56% 51% Like capitalism more 16% 7% 3% 8% 38% 29% 7% 4% 13% 16% 9% 18% 13% 17% 11% 11% 11% 19% Don't Know/Refused 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Like capitalism less 26% 27% 27% 14% 28% 31% 24% 19% 21% 31% 24% 25% 29% 27% 28% 26% 27% 26% 24% No impact on my opinion of capitalism 58% 58% 56% 70% 65% 53% 54% 67% 65% 54% 61% 59% 53% 40% 59% 60% 58% 61% 52% Like capitalism more 16% 15% 16% 15% 7% 16% 22% 13% 13% 14% 14% 16% 18% 33% 13% 13% 15% 13% 24% Don't Know/Refused 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Like capitalism less 26% 20% 27% 33% 36% 31% 22% 32% 20% 18% 30% 28% 18% 35% 19% 29% 30% No impact on my opinion of capitalism 58% 65% 57% 51% 44% 55% 60% 55% 62% 60% 57% 50% 59% 49% 62% 58% 59% Like capitalism more 16% 14% 15% 16% 20% 14% 18% 13% 17% 21% 13% 21% 23% 15% 18% 13% 11% Don't Know/Refused 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


49. Should government favor a particular set of values? Which of the following statements comes closer to your view?








Not Libertarian

The government should promote traditional values in our society 55% 54% 48% 56% 36% 54% 74% 27% 27% 52% 76% 75% 70% 62% 52%

The government should not favor any particular set of values 43% 45% 49% 41% 61% 41% 25% 70% 71% 45% 22% 22% 29% 38% 45%



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


The government should promote traditional values in our society 55% 52% 41% 49% 72% 71% 55% 36% 41% 54% 57% 53% 56% 55% 53% 58% 25% 60%

The government should not favor any particular set of values 43% 43% 56% 49% 27% 27% 44% 62% 56% 43% 42% 44% 42% 43% 43% 40% 75% 39%





$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

The government should promote traditional values in our society 55% 51% 50% 65% 41% 40% 65% 59% 57% 55% 52% 59% 47% 64% 40% 49% 55% 62% 67%

The government should not favor any particular set of values 43% 46% 48% 35% 56% 60% 33% 40% 40% 43% 47% 40% 47% 36% 57% 50% 40% 36% 31%




Some College

College Degree



Once a week



The government should promote traditional values in our society 55% 62% 53% 47% 48% 49% 55% 55% 64% 75% 45% 70% 69% 53% 61% 58% 38%

The government should not favor any particular set of values 43% 35% 45% 52% 51% 48% 43% 44% 34% 24% 52% 29% 30% 46% 38% 41% 58%



50. Preference for smaller or bigger government If you had to choose, would you rather have a:








Not Libertarian

Smaller government providing fewer services with low taxes 59% 55% 57% 61% 34% 63% 84% 25% 32% 58% 83% 86% 66% 72% 55%

Bigger government providing more services with high taxes 37% 42% 40% 35% 63% 31% 14% 73% 65% 37% 15% 10% 33% 26% 41%



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Smaller government providing fewer services with low taxes 59% 55% 45% 51% 84% 86% 52% 38% 29% 59% 65% 62% 57% 63% 51% 53% 44% 67%

Bigger government providing more services with high taxes 37% 38% 52% 47% 15% 10% 45% 59% 70% 38% 32% 35% 40% 35% 44% 41% 56% 30%





$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Smaller government providing fewer services with low taxes 59% 59% 54% 54% 43% 47% 69% 71% 55% 60% 61% 66% 55% 53% 50% 57% 56% 63% 71%

Bigger government providing more services with high taxes 37% 38% 42% 46% 46% 52% 28% 29% 40% 38% 36% 33% 39% 46% 44% 42% 39% 35% 27%




Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Smaller government providing fewer services with low taxes 59% 65% 61% 54% 47% 47% 63% 62% 72% 70% 54% 66% 69% 57% 64% 58% 53%

Bigger government providing more services with high taxes 37% 32% 35% 45% 51% 48% 34% 35% 26% 27% 42% 33% 30% 37% 34% 40% 43%



SUMMARY TABLE 5 Dispositions toward envy 1 Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. When you think about this situation did you feel…








Not Libertarian

Net-frustrated Frustrated at not obtaining what they have? 51% 57% 54% 49% 56% 48% 47% 62% 51% 51% 45% 42% 69% 47% 52% Frustrated at the other person and their ad-

vantage? 43% 51% 46% 40% 47% 43% 39% 55% 42% 44% 36% 36% 57% 39% 44%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-frustrated Frustrated at not obtaining what they have? 51% 63% 55% 58% 35% 42% 58% 55% 58% 50% 58% 49% 53% 51% 46% 50% 58% 53% Frustrated at the other person and their ad-

vantage? 43% 61% 49% 46% 29% 35% 53% 46% 52% 42% 51% 42% 44% 43% 41% 45% 59% 39%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-frustrated Frustrated at not obtaining what they have? 51% 53% 55% 56% 66% 70% 34% 58% 56% 55% 48% 47% 45% 61% 69% 62% 47% 36% 35% Frustrated at the other person and their ad-

vantage? 43% 43% 46% 60% 59% 52% 29% 58% 47% 44% 45% 43% 34% 50% 60% 53% 41% 31% 28%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-frustrated Frustrated at not obtaining what they have? 51% 46% 52% 55% 54% 54% 51% 53% 43% 50% 51% 50% 47% 65% 48% 47% 52% Frustrated at the other person and their ad-

vantage? 43% 39% 46% 46% 45% 41% 45% 47% 38% 42% 44% 42% 41% 54% 42% 40% 44%


51. a) Dispositions toward envy: Frustration at the other person and their advantage Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. When you think about this situation did you feel…Frustrated at not obtaining what they have?








Not Libertarian

Net-frustrated 43% 51% 46% 40% 47% 43% 39% 55% 42% 44% 36% 36% 57% 39% 44% Net-not frustrated 56% 48% 54% 58% 51% 56% 61% 44% 58% 53% 63% 63% 42% 61% 55% Extremely frustrated 6% 7% 5% 5% 7% 8% 3% 11% 2% 6% 4% 4% 12% 7% 6% Very frustrated 9% 13% 12% 8% 11% 6% 10% 13% 8% 9% 10% 8% 8% 13% 9% A little frustrated 28% 31% 29% 27% 30% 29% 26% 31% 32% 29% 22% 24% 37% 19% 30% Not very frustrated 26% 24% 23% 27% 22% 24% 31% 18% 32% 22% 33% 26% 19% 29% 24% Not at all frustrated 30% 24% 31% 31% 29% 32% 30% 26% 26% 32% 30% 37% 23% 32% 31% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-frustrated 43% 61% 49% 46% 29% 35% 53% 46% 52% 42% 51% 42% 44% 43% 41% 45% 59% 39% Net-not frustrated 56% 38% 49% 53% 71% 65% 45% 54% 45% 57% 48% 57% 54% 57% 59% 52% 41% 59% Extremely frustrated 6% 18% 3% 4% 4% 5% 4% 5% 16% 5% 11% 5% 6% 4% 4% 12% 7% 6% Very frustrated 9% 14% 9% 10% 8% 6% 14% 10% 9% 10% 8% 10% 9% 7% 11% 12% 24% 20% A little frustrated 28% 29% 37% 32% 18% 24% 35% 31% 28% 27% 32% 27% 29% 31% 26% 20% 28% 14% Not very frustrated 26% 17% 24% 28% 29% 30% 22% 25% 22% 27% 16% 27% 25% 28% 23% 17% 13% 31% Not at all frustrated 30% 21% 24% 25% 42% 36% 23% 30% 24% 30% 32% 31% 30% 28% 36% 35% 28% 28% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 3% 1% 0% 0% 3% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 4% 0% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. When you think about this situation did you feel…Frustrated at the other person and their advantage?




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-frustrated 43% 43% 46% 60% 59% 52% 29% 58% 47% 44% 45% 43% 34% 50% 60% 53% 41% 31% 28% Net-not frustrated 56% 55% 52% 40% 41% 45% 71% 41% 52% 53% 55% 56% 65% 50% 39% 44% 58% 69% 71% Extremely frustrated 6% 4% 5% 16% 18% 1% 2% 10% 12% 6% 1% 4% 5% 4% 11% 9% 5% 1% 1% Very frustrated 9% 11% 11% 17% 8% 11% 4% 8% 8% 10% 8% 8% 11% 23% 13% 13% 8% 6% 5% A little frustrated 28% 28% 29% 27% 34% 40% 23% 40% 27% 28% 35% 31% 18% 23% 36% 31% 27% 24% 22% Not very frustrated 26% 30% 21% 9% 11% 27% 30% 22% 20% 23% 27% 29% 31% 23% 21% 25% 26% 23% 32% Not at all frustrated 30% 26% 31% 31% 29% 17% 40% 19% 32% 30% 28% 28% 35% 27% 17% 19% 32% 46% 39% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 2% 0% 0% 3% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-frustrated 43% 39% 46% 46% 45% 41% 45% 47% 38% 42% 44% 42% 41% 54% 42% 40% 44% Net-not frustrated 56% 59% 53% 54% 54% 56% 54% 53% 62% 55% 56% 58% 56% 45% 56% 59% 55% Extremely frustrated 6% 7% 5% 3% 7% 9% 5% 4% 3% 6% 6% 9% 6% 6% 6% 3% 5% Very frustrated 9% 9% 10% 10% 7% 9% 8% 13% 9% 12% 8% 13% 12% 15% 8% 6% 9% A little frustrated 28% 23% 30% 32% 31% 24% 33% 30% 25% 24% 30% 20% 23% 34% 28% 31% 30% Not very frustrated 26% 23% 29% 27% 23% 22% 29% 25% 26% 24% 26% 20% 30% 22% 27% 24% 25% Not at all frustrated 30% 36% 24% 27% 31% 33% 25% 27% 36% 31% 29% 38% 26% 23% 29% 35% 30% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% 0% 0% 1% 2% 1% 0% 3% 1% 2% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


51. b) Dispositions toward envy: Frustration at not obtaining what they have Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. When you think about this situation did you feel…Frustrated at not obtaining what they have?








Not Libertarian

Net-frustrated 51% 57% 54% 49% 56% 48% 47% 62% 51% 51% 45% 42% 69% 47% 52% Net-not frustrated 49% 43% 45% 51% 44% 51% 52% 38% 49% 48% 55% 57% 31% 53% 47% Extremely frustrated 6% 9% 5% 6% 7% 6% 5% 13% 3% 5% 4% 6% 14% 12% 5% Very frustrated 9% 8% 8% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 8% 9% 8% 13% 11% 10% A little frustrated 36% 40% 41% 34% 40% 34% 32% 39% 38% 38% 32% 28% 42% 24% 37% Not very frustrated 22% 21% 24% 22% 20% 24% 24% 18% 28% 22% 25% 19% 12% 23% 21% Not at all frustrated 26% 22% 21% 29% 24% 28% 28% 20% 20% 26% 30% 37% 19% 30% 27% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-frustrated 51% 63% 55% 58% 35% 42% 58% 55% 58% 50% 58% 49% 53% 51% 46% 50% 58% 53% Net-not frustrated 49% 35% 45% 42% 64% 57% 41% 44% 42% 49% 42% 51% 47% 48% 52% 49% 42% 47% Extremely frustrated 6% 16% 4% 4% 6% 6% 3% 5% 15% 6% 9% 5% 7% 5% 6% 8% 14% 6% Very frustrated 9% 10% 9% 13% 5% 6% 12% 8% 14% 9% 10% 8% 10% 8% 5% 15% 12% 10% A little frustrated 36% 37% 42% 41% 25% 30% 42% 43% 29% 35% 39% 35% 36% 38% 35% 27% 32% 37% Not very frustrated 22% 18% 23% 19% 26% 26% 22% 20% 14% 23% 16% 21% 23% 24% 19% 16% 27% 23% Not at all frustrated 26% 17% 21% 22% 38% 32% 19% 24% 27% 26% 26% 29% 24% 24% 34% 33% 15% 24% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 0% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. When you think about this situation did you feel…Frustrated at not obtaining what they have?




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-frustrated 51% 53% 55% 56% 66% 70% 34% 58% 56% 55% 48% 47% 45% 61% 69% 62% 47% 36% 35% Net-not frustrated 49% 46% 45% 44% 34% 30% 65% 41% 43% 45% 50% 53% 54% 39% 31% 37% 53% 62% 64% Extremely frustrated 6% 6% 7% 7% 10% 6% 2% 13% 11% 7% 2% 6% 4% 15% 11% 11% 4% 1% 1% Very frustrated 9% 10% 11% 20% 17% 15% 3% 7% 7% 10% 8% 8% 12% 12% 16% 11% 7% 7% 3% A little frustrated 36% 37% 37% 29% 39% 48% 30% 38% 39% 38% 39% 32% 30% 34% 42% 40% 36% 29% 31% Not very frustrated 22% 23% 20% 15% 6% 26% 26% 22% 17% 18% 28% 25% 25% 5% 17% 22% 24% 21% 26% Not at all frustrated 26% 23% 25% 29% 28% 4% 39% 19% 27% 26% 23% 27% 29% 34% 14% 15% 29% 40% 38% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-frustrated 51% 46% 52% 55% 54% 54% 51% 53% 43% 50% 51% 50% 47% 65% 48% 47% 52% Net-not frustrated 49% 53% 47% 44% 46% 46% 49% 46% 56% 49% 48% 48% 52% 34% 52% 52% 47% Extremely frustrated 6% 7% 5% 7% 7% 10% 4% 4% 4% 7% 6% 12% 7% 6% 4% 6% 4% Very frustrated 9% 7% 9% 9% 16% 9% 12% 5% 7% 9% 9% 8% 10% 12% 9% 6% 9% A little frustrated 36% 33% 38% 40% 31% 34% 35% 44% 32% 34% 37% 30% 30% 48% 35% 35% 39% Not very frustrated 22% 17% 27% 26% 20% 18% 25% 24% 23% 21% 23% 18% 24% 15% 30% 19% 22% Not at all frustrated 26% 36% 20% 18% 26% 28% 24% 22% 34% 28% 25% 30% 28% 19% 22% 33% 25% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


SUMMARY TABLE 6 Dispositions toward envy 2 Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation?








Not Libertarian

Net-describes well I tried harder to achieve my goals 82% 87% 85% 81% 81% 81% 85% 80% 78% 83% 86% 83% 84% 88% 80% I admired the other person 76% 76% 75% 76% 76% 73% 77% 79% 74% 74% 81% 77% 69% 84% 75% I did not really like the other person at that time 32% 37% 30% 31% 34% 32% 30% 35% 34% 32% 32% 26% 36% 32% 32% I hoped that the other person would fail at some-

thing 25% 30% 24% 24% 25% 26% 25% 31% 24% 23% 24% 21% 40% 25% 26% I was angry at the other person 23% 26% 21% 23% 25% 29% 18% 28% 21% 23% 20% 18% 39% 23% 22% I wanted to hurt the other person 13% 17% 9% 13% 13% 13% 13% 19% 11% 11% 14% 12% 12% 18% 13%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-describes well I tried harder to achieve my goals 82% 78% 81% 83% 85% 83% 83% 82% 81% 83% 84% 82% 83% 82% 83% 80% 76% 94% I admired the other person 76% 72% 75% 75% 79% 75% 72% 79% 80% 78% 62% 75% 77% 76% 82% 77% 61% 75% I did not really like the other person at that time 32% 42% 34% 34% 24% 28% 36% 33% 39% 30% 47% 33% 31% 30% 29% 41% 43% 34% I hoped that the other person would fail at some-

thing 25% 37% 22% 29% 19% 21% 30% 24% 35% 23% 42% 26% 25% 22% 26% 33% 46% 26% I was angry at the other person 23% 40% 22% 25% 15% 17% 24% 27% 33% 21% 34% 24% 22% 19% 23% 36% 31% 26% I wanted to hurt the other person 13% 23% 9% 14% 11% 11% 14% 12% 24% 12% 21% 15% 11% 10% 16% 24% 9% 9%


Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation?




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-describes well I tried harder to achieve my goals 82% 81% 82% 70% 79% 86% 85% 83% 84% 83% 82% 82% 82% 84% 83% 80% 83% 83% 84% I admired the other person 76% 74% 67% 69% 64% 77% 83% 75% 77% 75% 77% 74% 77% 84% 72% 68% 76% 81% 86% I did not really like the other person at that time 32% 33% 35% 36% 51% 29% 17% 46% 31% 34% 34% 31% 27% 46% 46% 43% 27% 23% 18% I hoped that the other person would fail at some-

thing 25% 28% 29% 35% 39% 29% 13% 33% 26% 29% 22% 24% 23% 38% 39% 36% 18% 15% 13% I was angry at the other person 23% 23% 34% 34% 40% 17% 12% 28% 28% 23% 23% 22% 17% 36% 36% 33% 19% 14% 11% I wanted to hurt the other person 13% 16% 15% 20% 32% 6% 6% 7% 15% 11% 12% 14% 12% 24% 22% 21% 9% 6% 4%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-describes well I tried harder to achieve my goals 82% 79% 84% 85% 85% 85% 78% 86% 84% 82% 83% 84% 86% 75% 76% 88% 80% I admired the other person 76% 77% 77% 71% 79% 77% 74% 77% 78% 80% 74% 83% 77% 81% 78% 75% 72% I did not really like the other person at that time 32% 31% 33% 32% 34% 39% 29% 28% 28% 34% 31% 40% 31% 50% 30% 27% 29% I hoped that the other person would fail at some-

thing 25% 25% 26% 25% 24% 31% 26% 19% 18% 28% 24% 28% 25% 37% 28% 22% 22% I was angry at the other person 23% 27% 21% 19% 21% 31% 20% 22% 15% 22% 23% 28% 20% 34% 21% 23% 20% I wanted to hurt the other person 13% 16% 10% 11% 14% 17% 12% 9% 9% 17% 11% 22% 15% 28% 16% 7% 7%


52. a) Dispositions toward envy: I did not like the other person at that time Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I did not really like the other person at that time.








Not Libertarian

Net-describes well 32% 37% 30% 31% 34% 32% 30% 35% 34% 32% 32% 26% 36% 32% 32% Net-does not describe well 66% 61% 69% 67% 64% 68% 69% 64% 65% 66% 66% 72% 64% 67% 67% Extremely well 5% 6% 7% 4% 8% 5% 2% 14% 6% 2% 3% 3% 6% 7% 5% Very well 8% 13% 6% 7% 9% 5% 8% 9% 8% 8% 8% 6% 8% 9% 9% Somewhat well 19% 18% 17% 20% 18% 22% 19% 13% 20% 21% 21% 16% 22% 16% 18% Not very well 26% 21% 25% 27% 26% 27% 25% 24% 27% 26% 24% 26% 34% 24% 27% Not at all well 41% 40% 44% 40% 38% 41% 43% 39% 38% 40% 43% 46% 31% 43% 40% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 0% 2% 2% 0% 2% 1% 1% 3% 1% 2% 0% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-describes well 32% 42% 34% 34% 24% 28% 36% 33% 39% 30% 47% 33% 31% 30% 29% 41% 43% 34% Net-does not describe well 66% 57% 64% 65% 74% 72% 62% 66% 59% 68% 53% 66% 67% 69% 68% 56% 57% 64% Extremely well 5% 14% 3% 3% 4% 4% 3% 4% 14% 5% 3% 5% 5% 4% 7% 11% 5% 0% Very well 8% 9% 9% 9% 6% 5% 10% 10% 11% 7% 14% 9% 7% 7% 8% 13% 8% 5% Somewhat well 19% 19% 22% 22% 14% 19% 23% 19% 13% 18% 29% 19% 19% 19% 13% 17% 30% 28% Not very well 26% 20% 25% 33% 23% 26% 27% 29% 16% 26% 21% 26% 25% 27% 24% 20% 17% 34% Not at all well 41% 37% 38% 33% 51% 45% 35% 36% 44% 42% 32% 39% 42% 42% 43% 35% 40% 30% Don't Know/Refused 2% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 2% 2% 0% 1% 2% 1% 3% 3% 0% 3% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I did not really like the other person at that time.




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-describes well 32% 33% 35% 36% 51% 29% 17% 46% 31% 34% 34% 31% 27% 46% 46% 43% 27% 23% 18% Net-does not describe well 66% 65% 63% 57% 47% 69% 81% 54% 68% 63% 66% 68% 72% 54% 52% 54% 72% 76% 82% Extremely well 5% 5% 6% 5% 12% 0% 1% 12% 7% 5% 3% 5% 4% 7% 9% 10% 2% 2% 0% Very well 8% 9% 7% 20% 20% 9% 3% 6% 5% 8% 8% 9% 8% 23% 14% 13% 5% 3% 3% Somewhat well 19% 19% 22% 11% 20% 19% 14% 28% 18% 21% 23% 17% 15% 15% 23% 21% 20% 17% 14% Not very well 26% 25% 29% 12% 17% 33% 32% 24% 26% 24% 27% 25% 27% 29% 21% 27% 26% 22% 31% Not at all well 41% 40% 34% 45% 30% 36% 49% 30% 41% 39% 38% 42% 45% 26% 32% 27% 46% 54% 50% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 8% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 3% 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 3% 1% 2% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-describes well 32% 31% 33% 32% 34% 39% 29% 28% 28% 34% 31% 40% 31% 50% 30% 27% 29% Net-does not describe well 66% 67% 65% 66% 66% 59% 70% 70% 70% 63% 68% 59% 64% 49% 69% 71% 70% Extremely well 5% 7% 4% 4% 3% 9% 3% 4% 4% 5% 5% 12% 5% 5% 3% 4% 5% Very well 8% 8% 9% 7% 8% 11% 8% 6% 4% 11% 7% 9% 13% 13% 8% 4% 5% Somewhat well 19% 17% 19% 21% 22% 20% 18% 18% 20% 19% 19% 19% 12% 32% 19% 19% 19% Not very well 26% 24% 25% 28% 31% 22% 29% 28% 24% 22% 28% 21% 25% 25% 27% 30% 26% Not at all well 41% 43% 41% 38% 35% 36% 41% 42% 47% 42% 40% 38% 40% 24% 42% 41% 44% Don't Know/Refused 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 4% 1% 1% 2% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


52. b) Dispositions toward envy: I was angry at the other person Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I was angry at the other person.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I was angry at the other person.




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





52. c) Dispositions toward envy: I hoped that the other person would fail at something Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I hoped that the other person would fail at something.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I hoped that the other person would fail at something.




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





52. d) Dispositions toward envy: I wanted to hurt the other person Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I wanted to hurt the other person.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I wanted to hurt the other person.




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





52. e) Dispositions toward envy: I tried harder to achieve my goals Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I tried harder to achieve my goals.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I tried harder to achieve my goals.




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





52. f) Dispositions toward envy: I admired the other person Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I admired the other person.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. How well do the following statements describe how you felt during that situation? I admired the other person.




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





SUMMARY TABLE 7 Dispositions toward envy 3 Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. Imagine that person would suffer a minor misfortune such as stumbling clumsily in a busy street for everyone to see, or spilling wine on his or her shirt at a fancy party. How well do the following statements describe how you might feel?








Not Libertarian

Net-describes well I would feel sympathy for him/her 82% 81% 81% 82% 83% 83% 81% 89% 81% 81% 81% 81% 80% 87% 81% I would be a little amused by what happened to

him/her 42% 40% 45% 42% 45% 37% 41% 52% 48% 38% 38% 39% 43% 44% 42%

I would be pleased by the little misfortune that 25% 29% 23% 25% 26% 28% 23% 31% 24% 25% 22% 21% 40% 25% 25%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-describes well I would feel sympathy for him/her 82% 81% 84% 81% 81% 77% 84% 83% 92% 84% 69% 81% 83% 83% 85% 80% 76% 76% I would be a little amused by what happened to

him/her 42% 47% 40% 45% 39% 40% 40% 45% 48% 41% 51% 49% 35% 42% 38% 43% 48% 40% I would be pleased by the little misfortune that

happened to him/her 25% 35% 22% 30% 20% 22% 29% 23% 34% 24% 38% 29% 22% 22% 27% 37% 26% 23%




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-describes well I would feel sympathy for him/her 82% 82% 82% 74% 78% 90% 80% 85% 78% 82% 81% 83% 84% 89% 86% 78% 80% 84% 82% I would be a little amused by what happened to

him/her 42% 46% 43% 24% 55% 44% 36% 44% 35% 40% 46% 42% 47% 44% 54% 46% 38% 34% 37% I would be pleased by the little misfortune that

happened to him/her 25% 27% 35% 40% 42% 16% 10% 29% 33% 25% 22% 24% 23% 32% 37% 38% 20% 18% 10%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-describes well I would feel sympathy for him/her 82% 80% 83% 84% 84% 84% 82% 73% 84% 83% 81% 86% 84% 83% 75% 87% 78% I would be a little amused by what happened to

him/her 42% 40% 43% 45% 41% 46% 41% 42% 37% 40% 43% 43% 39% 60% 42% 34% 43% I would be pleased by the little misfortune that

happened to him/her 25% 31% 22% 22% 21% 34% 23% 19% 21% 26% 25% 28% 22% 39% 25% 21% 24%


53. a) Dispositions toward envy: I would be a little amused by what happened to him/her Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. Imagine that person would suffer a minor misfortune such as stumbling clumsily in a busy street for everyone to see, or spilling wine on his or her shirt at a fancy party. How well do the following statements describe how you might feel? I would be a little amused by what happened to him/her.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. Imagine that person would suffer a minor misfortune such as stumbling clumsily in a busy street for everyone to see, or spilling wine on his or her shirt at a fancy party. How well do the following statements describe how you might feel? I would be a little amused by what happened to him/her.




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





53. b) Dispositions toward envy: I would be pleased by the little misfortune that happened to him/her Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. Imagine that person would suffer a minor misfortune such as stumbling clumsily in a busy street for everyone to see, or spilling wine on his or her shirt at a fancy party. How well do the following statements describe how you might feel? I would be pleased by the little misfortune that happened to him/her.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. Imagine that person would suffer a minor misfortune such as stumbling clumsily in a busy street for everyone to see, or spilling wine on his or her shirt at a fancy party. How well do the following statements describe how you might feel? I would be pleased by the little misfortune that happened to him/her.




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





53. c) Dispositions toward envy: I would feel sympathy for him/her Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. Imagine that person would suffer a minor misfortune such as stumbling clumsily in a busy street for everyone to see, or spilling wine on his or her shirt at a fancy party. How well do the following statements describe how you might feel? I would feel sympathy for him/her.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




Recall a situation in which someone else was better off than you were. For example, someone who got a better grade than you, made more money, got promoted above you, or won a prestigious award, etc. Imagine that person would suffer a minor misfortune such as stumbling clumsily in a busy street for everyone to see, or spilling wine on his or her shirt at a fancy party. How well do the following statements describe how you might feel? I would feel sympathy for him/her.




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





SUMMARY TABLE 8 Dispositions toward high achievers To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?








Not Libertarian

Net-agree It's very important for society to support and en-

courage people who are very successful 40% 47% 35% 39% 31% 36% 50% 30% 26% 36% 49% 57% 37% 60% 35% People at the top usually deserve their high posi-

tion 38% 34% 33% 40% 28% 29% 52% 24% 23% 34% 50% 60% 29% 61% 35% One ought to be sympathetic to very successful

people when they experience failure 36% 43% 37% 34% 35% 29% 41% 36% 32% 32% 40% 47% 28% 51% 32% It's good to see very successful people fail occasion-

ally 30% 31% 29% 30% 38% 26% 23% 44% 31% 33% 24% 20% 23% 31% 31% People who always do a lot better than others need

to learn what it's like to fail 30% 34% 31% 28% 37% 23% 25% 41% 34% 31% 25% 21% 25% 34% 29% Very successful people sometimes need to be

brought down a peg or two, even if they have done nothing wrong 18% 24% 20% 17% 24% 16% 14% 30% 15% 18% 16% 14% 22% 20% 20%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



courage people who are very successful 40% 34% 26% 37% 56% 46% 35% 32% 48% 40% 39% 44% 36% 40% 48% 31% 42% 44% People at the top usually deserve their high posi-

tion 38% 30% 20% 33% 63% 51% 30% 26% 39% 40% 27% 42% 35% 40% 32% 35% 24% 43% One ought to be sympathetic to very successful

people when they experience failure 36% 25% 33% 32% 47% 37% 35% 34% 42% 37% 33% 36% 37% 35% 43% 33% 37% 40% It's good to see very successful people fail occasion-

ally 30% 39% 29% 35% 22% 22% 28% 35% 48% 29% 34% 32% 28% 31% 21% 26% 43% 37% People who always do a lot better than others need

to learn what it's like to fail 30% 39% 29% 33% 23% 23% 29% 31% 50% 29% 37% 34% 26% 30% 27% 25% 44% 38% Very successful people sometimes need to be

brought down a peg or two, even if they have done nothing wrong 18% 30% 15% 19% 16% 14% 17% 19% 39% 18% 23% 19% 18% 17% 22% 18% 15% 26%





$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+


courage people who are very successful 40% 42% 37% 17% 30% 39% 41% 26% 37% 36% 37% 41% 45% 60% 38% 36% 38% 42% 45% People at the top usually deserve their high position 38% 38% 42% 43% 27% 32% 44% 34% 32% 32% 32% 47% 43% 68% 34% 31% 33% 42% 51% One ought to be sympathetic to very successful

people when they experience failure 36% 34% 38% 41% 32% 49% 38% 29% 35% 35% 35% 37% 37% 54% 39% 32% 33% 38% 40% It's good to see very successful people fail occasion-

ally 30% 29% 35% 31% 41% 39% 22% 34% 30% 31% 25% 28% 33% 41% 38% 36% 32% 19% 22% People who always do a lot better than others need

to learn what it's like to fail 30% 29% 36% 45% 44% 38% 21% 25% 32% 30% 26% 26% 31% 53% 37% 33% 30% 25% 23%

Very successful people sometimes need to be brought down a peg or two, even if they have 18% 17% 30% 16% 27% 11% 13% 19% 21% 22% 14% 14% 20% 27% 22% 20% 21% 17% 13%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week




courage people who are very successful 40% 39% 37% 41% 47% 40% 39% 39% 40% 49% 35% 52% 52% 39% 43% 37% 32% People at the top usually deserve their high posi-

tion 38% 39% 37% 39% 34% 36% 38% 46% 33% 45% 35% 56% 50% 37% 35% 35% 30% One ought to be sympathetic to very successful

people when they experience failure 36% 35% 36% 38% 40% 42% 34% 31% 34% 47% 31% 59% 45% 36% 39% 38% 23% It's good to see very successful people fail occasion-

ally 30% 27% 28% 34% 34% 32% 31% 29% 24% 24% 32% 30% 25% 21% 25% 29% 36% People who always do a lot better than others need

to learn what it's like to fail 30% 26% 31% 33% 31% 35% 26% 30% 26% 29% 30% 33% 27% 24% 32% 27% 33% Very successful people sometimes need to be

brought down a peg or two, even if they have done nothing wrong 18% 20% 18% 17% 16% 24% 16% 15% 16% 17% 19% 23% 16% 15% 17% 15% 22%


54. a) Dispositions toward high achievers: It's good to see very successful people fail occasionally To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It's good to see very successful people fail occasionally.








Not Libertarian

Net-agree 30% 31% 29% 30% 38% 26% 23% 44% 31% 33% 24% 20% 23% 31% 31% Neither 35% 32% 37% 35% 31% 44% 34% 33% 32% 36% 33% 35% 46% 31% 35% Net-disagree 34% 36% 32% 34% 30% 30% 40% 23% 36% 28% 41% 45% 31% 36% 33% Strongly disagree 16% 18% 11% 17% 13% 14% 21% 11% 12% 10% 23% 27% 17% 14% 16% Somewhat disagree 18% 17% 21% 17% 17% 16% 19% 12% 24% 18% 18% 18% 14% 22% 17% Neither agree nor disagree 35% 32% 37% 35% 31% 44% 34% 33% 32% 36% 33% 35% 46% 31% 35% Somewhat agree 23% 19% 23% 23% 26% 19% 20% 26% 27% 27% 20% 16% 11% 17% 24% Strongly agree 7% 12% 5% 6% 11% 6% 3% 18% 4% 7% 4% 4% 12% 13% 6% Don't Know/Refused 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 0% 0% 2% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-agree 30% 39% 29% 35% 22% 22% 28% 35% 48% 29% 34% 32% 28% 31% 21% 26% 43% 37% Neither 35% 36% 37% 35% 31% 35% 39% 34% 27% 34% 38% 35% 35% 34% 38% 35% 39% 29% Net-disagree 34% 25% 33% 28% 45% 41% 32% 31% 24% 35% 28% 32% 36% 33% 39% 39% 18% 33% Strongly disagree 16% 15% 10% 12% 26% 22% 12% 12% 15% 17% 10% 15% 18% 14% 23% 21% 10% 23% Somewhat disagree 18% 10% 23% 16% 19% 19% 20% 19% 9% 18% 17% 17% 18% 19% 16% 18% 9% 10% Neither agree nor disagree 35% 36% 37% 35% 31% 35% 39% 34% 27% 34% 38% 35% 35% 34% 38% 35% 39% 29% Somewhat agree 23% 20% 25% 31% 14% 17% 24% 30% 19% 22% 27% 23% 22% 25% 10% 14% 37% 37% Strongly agree 7% 19% 4% 4% 8% 5% 5% 5% 29% 7% 7% 8% 6% 6% 11% 12% 6% 0% Don't Know/Refused 1% 0% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It's good to see very successful people fail occasionally. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-agree 30% 29% 35% 31% 41% 39% 22% 34% 30% 31% 25% 28% 33% 41% 38% 36% 32% 19% 22% Neither 35% 36% 30% 63% 32% 27% 39% 41% 36% 38% 37% 33% 32% 21% 33% 35% 34% 34% 38% Net-disagree 34% 35% 32% 6% 25% 28% 37% 24% 33% 29% 37% 37% 35% 38% 27% 28% 33% 46% 40% Strongly disagree 16% 15% 16% 6% 7% 12% 20% 17% 16% 15% 18% 16% 16% 21% 13% 13% 14% 22% 20% Somewhat disagree 18% 20% 16% 0% 18% 16% 17% 7% 17% 14% 19% 21% 19% 16% 13% 15% 19% 24% 19% Neither agree nor disagree 35% 36% 30% 63% 32% 27% 39% 41% 36% 38% 37% 33% 32% 21% 33% 35% 34% 34% 38% Somewhat agree 23% 23% 25% 18% 28% 34% 20% 26% 18% 24% 23% 22% 26% 23% 26% 26% 25% 17% 19% Strongly agree 7% 6% 10% 14% 14% 5% 2% 8% 12% 7% 3% 6% 6% 18% 13% 10% 7% 3% 3% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 2% 0% 2% 6% 1% 0% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-agree 30% 27% 28% 34% 34% 32% 31% 29% 24% 24% 32% 30% 25% 21% 25% 29% 36% Neither 35% 39% 34% 32% 27% 32% 36% 31% 40% 35% 35% 23% 35% 43% 39% 31% 36% Net-disagree 34% 32% 36% 33% 38% 34% 31% 39% 35% 40% 31% 46% 39% 34% 33% 39% 27% Strongly disagree 16% 14% 19% 14% 21% 19% 13% 15% 19% 22% 13% 22% 20% 11% 19% 17% 13% Somewhat disagree 18% 18% 17% 20% 17% 16% 18% 24% 16% 18% 18% 24% 20% 23% 14% 22% 14% Neither agree nor disagree 35% 39% 34% 32% 27% 32% 36% 31% 40% 35% 35% 23% 35% 43% 39% 31% 36% Somewhat agree 23% 19% 22% 29% 27% 20% 25% 26% 21% 19% 25% 15% 20% 18% 21% 23% 28% Strongly agree 7% 8% 7% 6% 7% 12% 6% 2% 3% 6% 8% 15% 5% 4% 4% 6% 8% Don't Know/Refused 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


54. b) Dispositions toward high achievers: People at the top usually deserve their high position To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? People at the top usually deserve their high position.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? People at the top usually deserve their high position. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





54. c) Dispositions toward high achievers: Very successful people sometimes need to be brought down a peg or two To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Very successful people sometimes need to be brought down a peg or two, even if they have done nothing wrong.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Very successful people sometimes need to be brought down a peg or two, even if they have done nothing wrong. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





54. d) Dispositions toward high achievers: It's very important for society to support and encourage people who are very successful To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It's very important for society to support and encourage people who are very successful.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It's very important for society to support and encourage people who are very successful. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





54. e) Dispositions toward high achievers: People who always do a lot better than others need to learn what it's like to fail To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? People who always do a lot better than others need to learn what it's like to fail.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? People who always do a lot better than others need to learn what it's like to fail. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





54. f) Dispositions toward high achievers: One ought to be sympathetic to very successful people when they experience failure To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? One ought to be sympathetic to very successful people when they experience failure.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable




To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? One ought to be sympathetic to very successful people when they experience failure. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





SUMMARY TABLE 9 Locus of control To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?








Not Libertarian

Net-agree When I get what I want, it’s usually because I

worked hard for it 78% 81% 77% 77% 77% 70% 82% 75% 73% 80% 83% 78% 65% 85% 76% My life is determined by my own actions 74% 72% 75% 75% 72% 67% 80% 69% 70% 73% 79% 79% 74% 83% 73% I am usually able to protect my personal interests 71% 72% 73% 70% 72% 64% 74% 68% 70% 72% 75% 76% 51% 83% 69% When I make plans, I am almost certain to make

them work 66% 58% 70% 66% 67% 56% 68% 65% 63% 64% 71% 65% 60% 73% 65% Whether or not I get to be a leader depends mostly

on my ability 65% 66% 65% 65% 64% 54% 71% 57% 65% 62% 71% 73% 53% 74% 64% How many friends I have depends on how nice a

person I am 43% 40% 41% 44% 41% 39% 47% 44% 40% 43% 45% 46% 31% 45% 45% Whether or not I get into a car accident depends

mostly on how good a driver I am 42% 39% 43% 42% 39% 36% 47% 39% 36% 42% 44% 49% 36% 55% 41% People like myself have very little chance of pro-

tecting our personal interests when they conflict with those of strong pressure groups 34% 42% 36% 32% 36% 30% 34% 44% 36% 30% 33% 36% 32% 44% 34%

I feel like what happens in my life is mostly deter-mined by powerful people 23% 31% 24% 21% 27% 23% 19% 38% 21% 22% 18% 16% 35% 26% 24%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



worked hard for it 78% 65% 73% 78% 88% 81% 72% 78% 80% 77% 82% 75% 80% 79% 78% 71% 64% 91% My life is determined by my own actions 74% 64% 67% 73% 88% 80% 68% 71% 78% 75% 75% 73% 75% 77% 76% 62% 56% 83% I am usually able to protect my personal interests 71% 61% 61% 74% 83% 76% 64% 69% 75% 72% 66% 70% 72% 74% 71% 60% 73% 72% When I make plans, I am almost certain to make

them work 66% 53% 59% 68% 75% 70% 61% 62% 70% 67% 52% 61% 70% 67% 66% 58% 62% 74% Whether or not I get to be a leader depends mostly

on my ability 65% 53% 57% 63% 81% 70% 58% 62% 68% 66% 54% 67% 63% 67% 71% 56% 45% 69% How many friends I have depends on how nice a

person I am 43% 38% 35% 45% 49% 45% 40% 41% 49% 44% 38% 44% 42% 48% 37% 35% 22% 34% Whether or not I get into a car accident depends

mostly on how good a driver I am 42% 36% 30% 42% 55% 47% 29% 42% 47% 42% 39% 47% 37% 44% 38% 34% 28% 53% People like myself have very little chance of pro-

tecting our personal interests when they conflict with those of strong pressure groups 34% 40% 28% 33% 38% 33% 26% 34% 59% 35% 33% 36% 33% 34% 34% 31% 41% 51%

I feel like what happens in my life is mostly deter-mined by powerful people 23% 33% 22% 23% 20% 16% 19% 26% 47% 22% 26% 24% 22% 22% 31% 21% 37% 20%





$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+


worked hard for it 78% 75% 80% 91% 67% 81% 85% 75% 73% 77% 74% 82% 82% 83% 74% 69% 78% 83% 87% My life is determined by my own actions 74% 74% 72% 70% 57% 75% 83% 69% 71% 75% 69% 77% 78% 88% 67% 65% 75% 82% 85% I am usually able to protect my personal interests 71% 68% 71% 75% 55% 72% 83% 62% 67% 67% 70% 76% 76% 72% 62% 60% 71% 79% 87% When I make plans, I am almost certain to make

them work 66% 67% 61% 66% 50% 58% 77% 58% 56% 65% 63% 70% 71% 78% 53% 59% 65% 74% 78% Whether or not I get to be a leader depends mostly

on my ability 65% 67% 60% 92% 46% 63% 75% 45% 56% 61% 64% 70% 71% 81% 54% 58% 61% 75% 77% How many friends I have depends on how nice a

person I am 43% 43% 41% 57% 37% 39% 52% 32% 37% 42% 39% 51% 42% 58% 39% 39% 41% 41% 55% Whether or not I get into a car accident depends

mostly on how good a driver I am 42% 45% 42% 33% 27% 31% 50% 28% 39% 43% 34% 45% 44% 63% 34% 35% 42% 41% 56% People like myself have very little chance of pro-

tecting our personal interests when they conflict with those of strong pressure groups 34% 32% 35% 38% 44% 42% 30% 31% 42% 34% 30% 34% 29% 47% 41% 31% 37% 31% 33%

I feel like what happens in my life is mostly deter-mined by powerful people 23% 22% 25% 27% 37% 30% 15% 25% 24% 30% 22% 19% 15% 44% 32% 27% 21% 17% 17%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week




worked hard for it 78% 73% 80% 81% 82% 75% 76% 84% 81% 76% 79% 76% 79% 69% 74% 83% 79% My life is determined by my own actions 74% 71% 74% 77% 80% 72% 71% 80% 81% 73% 75% 69% 75% 67% 76% 81% 74% I am usually able to protect my personal interests 71% 69% 70% 73% 77% 68% 69% 76% 77% 69% 72% 69% 71% 57% 75% 76% 72% When I make plans, I am almost certain to make

them work 66% 61% 63% 71% 81% 64% 67% 65% 67% 64% 66% 58% 71% 58% 67% 74% 62% Whether or not I get to be a leader depends mostly

on my ability 65% 62% 65% 65% 75% 63% 66% 66% 65% 63% 66% 65% 68% 57% 67% 69% 63% How many friends I have depends on how nice a

person I am 43% 41% 42% 48% 48% 44% 45% 44% 36% 44% 42% 45% 54% 42% 58% 38% 36% Whether or not I get into a car accident depends

mostly on how good a driver I am 42% 40% 40% 45% 46% 39% 40% 48% 44% 41% 42% 41% 46% 41% 44% 35% 43% People like myself have very little chance of pro-

tecting our personal interests when they conflict with those of strong pressure groups 34% 33% 34% 36% 37% 37% 33% 30% 35% 34% 35% 41% 39% 31% 28% 29% 37%

I feel like what happens in my life is mostly deter-mined by powerful people 23% 24% 22% 25% 21% 27% 22% 22% 18% 22% 23% 25% 25% 22% 25% 17% 25%


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Whether or not I get to be a leader depends mostly on my ability.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



55. a) Locus of control: Whether or not I get to be a leader depends mostly on my ability


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Whether or not I get to be a leader depends mostly on my ability. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Whether or not I get into a car accident depends mostly on how good a driver I am.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



55. b) Locus of control: Whether or not I get into a car accident depends mostly on how good a driver I am


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Whether or not I get into a car accident depends mostly on how good a driver I am. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? When I make plans, I am almost certain to make them work.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



55. c) Locus of control: When I make plans, I am almost certain to make them work


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? When I make plans, I am almost certain to make them work. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? How many friends I have depends on how nice a person I am.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



55. d) Locus of control: How many friends I have depends on how nice a person I am


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? How many friends I have depends on how nice a person I am. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I am usually able to protect my personal interests.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



55. e) Locus of control: I am usually able to protect my personal interests


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I am usually able to protect my personal interests. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? When I get what I want, it’s usually because I worked hard for it.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



55. f) Locus of control: When I get what I want, it’s usually because I worked hard for it


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? When I get what I want, it’s usually because I worked hard for it. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? My life is determined by my own actions.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



55. g) Locus of control: My life is determined by my own actions


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? My life is determined by my own actions. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I feel like what happens in my life is mostly determined by powerful people.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



55. h) Locus of control: I feel like what happens in my life is mostly determined by powerful people


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I feel like what happens in my life is mostly determined by powerful people. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? People like myself have very little chance of protecting our personal interests when they conflict with those of strong pressure groups.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



55. i) Locus of control: People like me have little chance of protecting our personal interests when they conflict with those of strong pressure groups


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? People like myself have very little chance of protecting our personal interests when they conflict with those of strong pressure groups. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





SUMMARY TABLE 10 Dispositional envy To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?








Not Libertarian

Net-agree It is so frustrating to see some people succeed so

easily 35% 47% 39% 31% 40% 37% 29% 48% 34% 37% 30% 25% 45% 32% 36% I am troubled by feelings of inadequacy 28% 30% 37% 25% 35% 20% 24% 45% 31% 23% 22% 28% 25% 28% 29% The bitter truth is that I generally feel inferior to

others 23% 29% 29% 19% 27% 14% 22% 33% 24% 21% 19% 22% 17% 24% 22% Feelings of envy constantly torment me 12% 15% 12% 12% 14% 12% 10% 22% 8% 13% 9% 12% 13% 18% 12% Frankly, the success of my neighbors makes me

resent them 7% 10% 3% 7% 9% 5% 6% 16% 4% 5% 6% 6% 9% 12% 7%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



easily 35% 47% 38% 37% 26% 26% 36% 40% 54% 33% 50% 32% 38% 36% 32% 30% 52% 39% I am troubled by feelings of inadequacy 28% 32% 32% 27% 24% 21% 26% 33% 45% 28% 25% 23% 32% 30% 23% 21% 47% 18% The bitter truth is that I generally feel inferior to

others 23% 27% 23% 23% 21% 19% 20% 25% 35% 22% 24% 20% 25% 24% 22% 17% 35% 17% Feelings of envy constantly torment me 12% 19% 10% 13% 11% 8% 11% 14% 26% 11% 20% 14% 11% 10% 13% 18% 26% 13% Frankly, the success of my neighbors makes me

resent them 7% 9% 4% 7% 8% 4% 6% 6% 22% 7% 10% 8% 6% 6% 6% 11% 4% 7%





$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+


easily 35% 36% 41% 31% 53% 54% 15% 43% 40% 36% 34% 32% 32% 53% 56% 43% 33% 25% 18% I am troubled by feelings of inadequacy 28% 26% 32% 30% 41% 46% 18% 33% 35% 28% 27% 25% 22% 41% 45% 33% 24% 19% 17% The bitter truth is that I generally feel inferior to

others 23% 20% 26% 22% 38% 37% 14% 19% 28% 26% 18% 20% 18% 35% 36% 26% 20% 14% 16% Feelings of envy constantly torment me 12% 13% 16% 30% 27% 20% 3% 11% 13% 12% 11% 13% 9% 31% 24% 17% 12% 6% 3% Frankly, the success of my neighbors makes me

resent them 7% 8% 14% 11% 15% 6% 1% 4% 7% 6% 4% 8% 7% 26% 14% 11% 5% 3% 1%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week




easily 35% 30% 37% 40% 39% 35% 36% 39% 31% 32% 37% 25% 34% 32% 36% 36% 40% I am troubled by feelings of inadequacy 28% 21% 33% 31% 32% 27% 27% 29% 28% 24% 30% 24% 30% 27% 27% 23% 32% The bitter truth is that I generally feel inferior to

others 23% 21% 26% 23% 18% 24% 21% 24% 22% 24% 22% 24% 27% 20% 32% 14% 22% Feelings of envy constantly torment me 12% 13% 13% 11% 13% 16% 14% 6% 8% 12% 12% 14% 13% 19% 13% 8% 12% Frankly, the success of my neighbors makes me

resent them 7% 8% 6% 7% 9% 11% 6% 3% 4% 8% 6% 12% 8% 10% 8% 3% 6%


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I am troubled by feelings of inadequacy.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



56. a) Dispositional envy: I am troubled by feelings of inadequacy


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I am troubled by feelings of inadequacy. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Feelings of envy constantly torment me.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



56. b) Dispositional envy: Feelings of envy constantly torment me


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Feelings of envy constantly torment me. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The bitter truth is that I generally feel inferior to others.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



56. c) Dispositional envy: The bitter truth is that I generally feel inferior to others


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The bitter truth is that I generally feel inferior to others. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It is so frustrating to see some people succeed so easily.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



56. d) Dispositional envy: It is so frustrating to see some people succeed so easily


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It is so frustrating to see some people succeed so easily. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Frankly, the success of my neighbors makes me resent them.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



56. e) Dispositional envy: Frankly, the success of my neighbors makes me resent them


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Frankly, the success of my neighbors makes me resent them. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





SUMMARY TABLE 11 Dispositional compassion To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?








Not Libertarian

Net-accurate I feel sympathy for those who are worse off than

myself 71% 71% 81% 69% 77% 66% 67% 86% 74% 71% 67% 63% 63% 69% 73% I sympathize with the homeless 67% 74% 73% 64% 77% 66% 57% 84% 68% 70% 59% 59% 61% 64% 67% I suffer from others' sorrows 44% 46% 49% 42% 48% 40% 41% 57% 45% 41% 41% 38% 47% 43% 45% I can't stand weak people 21% 22% 15% 22% 17% 21% 25% 18% 11% 21% 23% 34% 17% 30% 21% I am not interested in other people's problems 21% 23% 13% 22% 21% 23% 20% 16% 17% 26% 20% 21% 25% 26% 20% I try not to think about the needy 17% 20% 9% 18% 15% 21% 16% 13% 14% 18% 18% 17% 21% 22% 16% I tend to dislike soft-hearted people 9% 10% 6% 9% 7% 11% 9% 7% 8% 9% 8% 12% 10% 17% 8%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



myself 71% 68% 75% 71% 69% 67% 66% 77% 79% 72% 63% 66% 76% 75% 68% 57% 82% 62% I sympathize with the homeless 67% 69% 72% 67% 63% 58% 64% 76% 82% 67% 65% 62% 72% 67% 75% 61% 56% 69% I suffer from others' sorrows 44% 50% 43% 41% 44% 42% 41% 42% 59% 45% 38% 36% 51% 45% 36% 33% 55% 66% I can't stand weak people 21% 18% 12% 17% 34% 26% 15% 15% 30% 22% 17% 24% 19% 19% 24% 27% 20% 25% I am not interested in other people's problems 21% 21% 19% 22% 21% 20% 21% 22% 22% 19% 35% 24% 18% 19% 23% 28% 35% 18% I try not to think about the needy 17% 18% 11% 18% 20% 17% 17% 15% 23% 16% 24% 19% 15% 14% 21% 21% 37% 21% I tend to dislike soft-hearted people 9% 6% 4% 9% 13% 9% 10% 5% 17% 8% 14% 13% 5% 8% 8% 12% 12% 11%





$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+


myself 71% 64% 72% 65% 79% 85% 76% 77% 73% 73% 72% 67% 70% 69% 75% 65% 72% 70% 76% I sympathize with the homeless 67% 62% 69% 81% 80% 69% 67% 57% 74% 70% 66% 64% 60% 69% 68% 62% 66% 69% 71% I suffer from others' sorrows 44% 40% 37% 20% 55% 55% 45% 38% 49% 46% 44% 36% 42% 53% 48% 38% 44% 48% 43% I can't stand weak people 21% 25% 16% 13% 20% 17% 20% 17% 19% 14% 19% 29% 23% 32% 22% 18% 29% 23% 17% I am not interested in other people's problems 21% 24% 25% 28% 29% 16% 14% 17% 26% 21% 21% 22% 17% 18% 25% 26% 27% 14% 13% I try not to think about the needy 17% 17% 20% 21% 18% 14% 14% 20% 16% 15% 17% 18% 15% 30% 22% 18% 18% 10% 16% I tend to dislike soft-hearted people 9% 10% 11% 26% 14% 7% 6% 2% 10% 10% 5% 10% 7% 18% 13% 12% 8% 4% 6%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week




myself 71% 62% 76% 79% 73% 68% 72% 69% 75% 67% 73% 73% 69% 64% 70% 75% 71% I sympathize with the homeless 67% 64% 66% 71% 72% 66% 66% 67% 71% 65% 68% 65% 64% 61% 69% 68% 68% I suffer from others' sorrows 44% 36% 46% 50% 54% 45% 43% 41% 45% 48% 42% 50% 43% 40% 45% 48% 40% I can't stand weak people 21% 21% 20% 23% 23% 21% 24% 22% 15% 22% 21% 18% 18% 23% 19% 26% 22% I am not interested in other people's problems 21% 23% 18% 22% 21% 27% 17% 21% 17% 17% 23% 15% 16% 16% 21% 23% 26% I try not to think about the needy 17% 19% 13% 19% 14% 21% 16% 10% 16% 18% 16% 17% 17% 22% 19% 17% 15% I tend to dislike soft-hearted people 9% 11% 7% 10% 7% 13% 7% 8% 5% 10% 8% 13% 8% 12% 11% 9% 7%


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I tend to dislike soft-hearted people.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



57. a) Dispositional compassion: I tend to dislike soft-hearted people


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I tend to dislike soft-hearted people. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I suffer from others' sorrows.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



57. b) Dispositional compassion: I suffer from others' sorrows


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I suffer from others' sorrows. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I try not to think about the needy.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



57. c) Dispositional compassion: I try not to think about the needy


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I try not to think about the needy. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I feel sympathy for those who are worse off than myself.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



57. d) Dispositional compassion: I feel sympathy for those who are worse off than myself


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I feel sympathy for those who are worse off than myself. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I can't stand weak people.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



57. e) Dispositional compassion: I can't stand weak people


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I can't stand weak people. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I sympathize with the homeless.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



57. f) Dispositional compassion: I sympathize with the homeless


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I sympathize with the homeless. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I am not interested in other people's problems.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



57. g) Dispositional compassion: I am not interested in other people's problems


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I am not interested in other people's problems. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





SUMMARY TABLE 12 Preferences for just deserts To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?








Not Libertarian

Net-agree Rewards and benefits in society should be distribut-

ed according to what people need, not what they produce 31% 46% 33% 27% 46% 28% 18% 59% 40% 31% 17% 18% 35% 39% 31%

People should be allowed to keep what they pro-duce, even if there are others with greater needs 52% 49% 47% 53% 34% 43% 74% 32% 32% 46% 70% 79% 38% 71% 48%

It’s more important to help meet the needs of people than let people keep what they make 30% 35% 26% 29% 48% 23% 14% 60% 40% 29% 18% 13% 20% 29% 31%

Our society would have fewer problems if people focused more on earning and producing and less about how equal everybody is 50% 42% 48% 53% 29% 44% 74% 26% 20% 44% 74% 80% 48% 69% 46%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



ed according to what people need, not what they produce 31% 52% 38% 28% 20% 13% 28% 44% 73% 30% 40% 31% 32% 30% 51% 26% 35% 24%

People should be allowed to keep what they pro-duce, even if there are others with greater needs 52% 31% 28% 47% 86% 77% 41% 29% 41% 53% 46% 56% 48% 57% 46% 38% 42% 41%

It’s more important to help meet the needs of people than let people keep what they make 30% 38% 39% 34% 15% 12% 30% 41% 65% 30% 31% 29% 30% 27% 31% 32% 45% 38%

Our society would have fewer problems if people focused more on earning and producing and less about how equal everybody is 50% 34% 24% 48% 82% 77% 38% 25% 39% 51% 43% 53% 47% 54% 33% 45% 42% 55%





$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+


ed according to what people need, not what they produce 31% 31% 32% 24% 55% 41% 21% 27% 43% 30% 32% 27% 25% 40% 44% 37% 33% 23% 19%

People should be allowed to keep what they pro-duce, even if there are others with greater needs 52% 54% 50% 59% 49% 41% 59% 50% 43% 45% 53% 60% 55% 68% 44% 46% 53% 54% 63%

It’s more important to help meet the needs of people than let people keep what they make 30% 31% 30% 20% 38% 37% 19% 18% 34% 26% 30% 26% 32% 44% 37% 33% 29% 28% 21%

Our society would have fewer problems if people focused more on earning and producing and less about how equal everybody is 50% 50% 45% 70% 38% 40% 62% 51% 43% 49% 46% 56% 54% 61% 44% 43% 47% 50% 65%



Some College

College Degree



Once a week




ed according to what people need, not what they produce 31% 33% 28% 33% 31% 39% 30% 27% 24% 29% 33% 33% 29% 25% 27% 32% 36%

People should be allowed to keep what they pro-duce, even if there are others with greater needs 52% 49% 54% 55% 48% 47% 52% 53% 58% 63% 46% 71% 62% 34% 53% 48% 46%

It’s more important to help meet the needs of people than let people keep what they make 30% 24% 28% 37% 39% 36% 29% 29% 20% 24% 33% 30% 26% 26% 26% 32% 32%

Our society would have fewer problems if people focused more on earning and producing and less about how equal everybody is 50% 49% 53% 48% 48% 43% 52% 50% 58% 60% 45% 68% 60% 36% 51% 55% 39%


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Rewards and benefits in society should be distributed according to what people need, not what they produce.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



58. a) Preferences for just deserts: Rewards and benefits in society should be distributed according to what people need, not what they produce


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Rewards and benefits in society should be distributed according to what people need, not what they produce. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? People should be allowed to keep what they produce, even if there are others with greater needs.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



58. b) Preferences for just deserts: People should be allowed to keep what they produce, even if there are others with greater needs


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? People should be allowed to keep what they produce, even if there are others with greater needs. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It’s more important to help meet the needs of people than let people keep what they make .








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



58. c) Preferences for just deserts: It’s more important to help meet the needs of people than let people keep what they make


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It’s more important to help meet the needs of people than let people keep what they make . Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Our society would have fewer problems if people focused more on earning and producing and less about how equal everybody is.








Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



58. d) Preferences for just deserts: We would have fewer problems if people focused more on earning and less about how equal everybody is


To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Our society would have fewer problems if people focused more on earning and producing and less about how equal everybody is. Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





Thinking about the primary for the Democratic candidate for president in 2020, if the Democratic primary were held today, who would you vote for?








Not Libertarian

Bernie Sanders 19% 30% 24% 15% 24% 15% 3% 39% 14% 17% 4% 4% 28% 11% 20% Joe Biden 17% 16% 17% 18% 23% 10% 4% 19% 21% 20% 5% 10% 15% 12% 18% Kamala Harris 8% 7% 7% 9% 12% 2% 1% 12% 12% 7% 3% 7% 0% 6% 11% Elizabeth Warren 6% 8% 8% 5% 8% 3% 1% 5% 10% 4% 7% 0% 8% 10% 7% Beto O'Rourke 6% 10% 2% 6% 6% 6% 3% 6% 9% 6% 2% 0% 4% 7% 5% Cory Booker 3% 1% 3% 4% 5% 0% 2% 4% 6% 2% 2% 4% 0% 2% 4% Amy Klobuchar 3% 2% 2% 4% 5% 1% 0% 2% 7% 2% 3% 2% 4% 2% 4% Kirsten Gillibrand 1% 1% 4% 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% 3% 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 2% Tulsi Gabbard 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 0% 2% 2% 1% 1% 5% 0% Julian Castro 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% Michael Bloomberg 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 2% 1% Pete Buttigieg 1% 1% 0% 1% 2% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 6% 0% 1% 2% John Delaney 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% Other/None of These 31% 21% 30% 34% 10% 58% 82% 8% 14% 35% 66% 65% 40% 41% 25% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Bernie Sanders 19% 31% 23% 16% 9% 7% 14% 23% 41% 19% 18% 18% 20% 16% 22% 29% 11% 23% Joe Biden 17% 15% 22% 17% 11% 11% 24% 20% 11% 19% 7% 16% 19% 17% 28% 14% 18% 6% Kamala Harris 8% 4% 11% 9% 5% 3% 7% 12% 12% 9% 2% 8% 8% 8% 11% 9% 6% 6% Elizabeth Warren 6% 3% 7% 7% 5% 2% 9% 7% 9% 7% 2% 6% 6% 6% 6% 3% 21% 10% Beto O'Rourke 6% 5% 5% 9% 3% 6% 5% 7% 6% 5% 10% 6% 6% 5% 5% 11% 0% 2% Cory Booker 3% 2% 3% 4% 4% 2% 1% 5% 5% 3% 2% 2% 4% 3% 3% 4% 8% 1% Amy Klobuchar 3% 1% 2% 4% 7% 3% 3% 4% 3% 3% 5% 4% 3% 4% 1% 2% 8% 1% Kirsten Gillibrand 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 3% 1% 2% 0% Tulsi Gabbard 1% 2% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 8% 1% Julian Castro 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 0% Michael Bloomberg 1% 0% 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% Pete Buttigieg 1% 0% 2% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 4% John Delaney 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% Other/None of These 31% 32% 22% 27% 50% 63% 32% 17% 7% 28% 52% 32% 30% 36% 18% 24% 17% 46% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

59. 2020 Democratic primary


Thinking about the primary for the Democratic candidate for president in 2020, if the Democratic primary were held today, who would you vote for? Employment Household Income Age



$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Bernie Sanders 19% 16% 22% 0% 31% 17% 7% 20% 29% 22% 17% 15% 13% 6% 29% 20% 18% 16% 11% Joe Biden 17% 19% 5% 14% 5% 12% 28% 11% 16% 20% 16% 17% 16% 18% 10% 17% 19% 21% 22% Kamala Harris 8% 9% 8% 12% 12% 13% 9% 5% 4% 6% 11% 10% 10% 15% 8% 11% 6% 5% 9% Elizabeth Warren 6% 7% 10% 0% 5% 8% 5% 4% 4% 8% 8% 3% 7% 8% 4% 7% 8% 3% 9% Beto O'Rourke 6% 7% 1% 5% 2% 10% 7% 4% 4% 5% 9% 9% 3% 7% 5% 6% 8% 5% 5% Cory Booker 3% 2% 7% 0% 0% 3% 5% 0% 5% 3% 2% 4% 3% 0% 3% 4% 1% 3% 6% Amy Klobuchar 3% 3% 4% 0% 6% 2% 4% 4% 3% 1% 4% 3% 6% 9% 2% 2% 2% 6% 5% Kirsten Gillibrand 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 0% 2% Tulsi Gabbard 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 6% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% Julian Castro 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 6% 0% 1% 1% 2% 1% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 1% Michael Bloomberg 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 1% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 2% Pete Buttigieg 1% 1% 1% 0% 3% 3% 1% 0% 1% 0% 2% 2% 2% 0% 1% 2% 0% 2% 1% John Delaney 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% Other/None of These 31% 31% 39% 68% 33% 30% 28% 46% 33% 27% 28% 32% 36% 31% 34% 24% 35% 38% 28% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Bernie Sanders 19% 23% 20% 16% 10% 17% 20% 22% 19% 17% 20% 20% 15% 13% 19% 18% 22% Joe Biden 17% 17% 17% 19% 16% 18% 20% 13% 15% 16% 18% 9% 21% 26% 14% 20% 16% Kamala Harris 8% 6% 8% 11% 10% 11% 9% 7% 3% 8% 8% 12% 6% 12% 11% 9% 7% Elizabeth Warren 6% 5% 6% 6% 10% 7% 6% 6% 4% 5% 7% 12% 5% 5% 5% 5% 7% Beto O'Rourke 6% 7% 7% 5% 3% 5% 6% 6% 6% 4% 7% 0% 6% 14% 11% 4% 5% Cory Booker 3% 3% 4% 3% 4% 5% 3% 2% 1% 3% 4% 7% 2% 3% 6% 3% 3% Amy Klobuchar 3% 3% 2% 4% 8% 4% 3% 4% 2% 3% 3% 8% 6% 5% 1% 3% 2% Kirsten Gillibrand 1% 1% 1% 2% 3% 0% 1% 4% 0% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 4% 0% 1% Tulsi Gabbard 1% 0% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 0% 0% 2% 0% Julian Castro 1% 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 3% 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 0% 1% 1% Michael Bloomberg 1% 0% 2% 2% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% Pete Buttigieg 1% 1% 0% 2% 4% 2% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% John Delaney 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 4% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% Other/None of These 31% 34% 30% 28% 28% 26% 28% 32% 48% 38% 29% 18% 29% 17% 27% 32% 34% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%









Not Libertarian

Net-above average 46% 52% 50% 44% 51% 45% 43% 52% 48% 48% 38% 43% 60% 41% 46% Net-below average 53% 48% 50% 56% 50% 55% 58% 48% 52% 52% 62% 57% 39% 58% 55% Low 28% 21% 26% 31% 27% 21% 34% 25% 24% 25% 39% 34% 11% 34% 29% Some 25% 27% 24% 25% 23% 34% 24% 23% 28% 27% 23% 23% 28% 24% 26% Moderate 26% 28% 33% 24% 27% 28% 25% 22% 32% 27% 21% 24% 40% 19% 25% High 20% 24% 17% 20% 24% 17% 18% 30% 16% 21% 17% 19% 20% 22% 21% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable


Net-above average 46% 59% 52% 50% 34% 38% 53% 50% 53% 45% 59% 43% 50% 46% 43% 49% 67% 44% Net-below average 53% 41% 48% 50% 67% 62% 47% 50% 47% 55% 41% 58% 50% 55% 57% 51% 33% 57% Low 28% 18% 19% 27% 43% 38% 22% 21% 27% 30% 17% 31% 26% 29% 29% 27% 22% 35% Some 25% 23% 29% 23% 24% 24% 25% 29% 20% 25% 24% 27% 24% 26% 28% 24% 11% 22% Moderate 26% 32% 30% 29% 19% 24% 33% 27% 19% 26% 30% 22% 30% 26% 25% 29% 20% 30% High 20% 27% 22% 21% 15% 14% 20% 23% 34% 19% 29% 21% 20% 20% 18% 20% 47% 14% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

60. Dispositional Envy Index




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Net-above average 46% 48% 57% 51% 63% 76% 26% 42% 57% 49% 42% 42% 41% 53% 69% 58% 46% 29% 27% Net-below average 53% 52% 43% 49% 38% 25% 73% 58% 43% 51% 58% 58% 60% 47% 31% 42% 54% 71% 74% Low 28% 27% 24% 29% 15% 10% 46% 20% 21% 24% 26% 33% 39% 36% 11% 17% 26% 43% 48% Some 25% 25% 19% 20% 23% 15% 27% 38% 22% 27% 32% 25% 21% 11% 20% 25% 28% 28% 26% Moderate 26% 28% 26% 15% 30% 38% 20% 18% 31% 29% 25% 23% 25% 11% 30% 31% 30% 19% 20% High 20% 20% 31% 36% 33% 38% 6% 24% 26% 20% 17% 19% 16% 42% 39% 27% 16% 10% 7% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week



Net-above average 46% 46% 48% 46% 40% 47% 48% 45% 42% 44% 48% 43% 45% 51% 52% 40% 49% Net-below average 53% 54% 52% 54% 60% 53% 52% 56% 57% 56% 53% 58% 55% 48% 48% 59% 51% Low 28% 31% 24% 30% 32% 25% 28% 31% 33% 28% 29% 30% 30% 22% 24% 32% 27% Some 25% 23% 28% 24% 28% 28% 24% 25% 24% 28% 24% 28% 25% 26% 24% 27% 24% Moderate 26% 28% 25% 26% 20% 24% 26% 30% 27% 25% 27% 22% 25% 27% 29% 24% 29% High 20% 18% 23% 20% 20% 23% 22% 15% 15% 19% 21% 21% 20% 24% 23% 16% 20% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%









Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



61. Resentment of High Achievers Index




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week












Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



62. Dispositional Compassion Index




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week












Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



63. Belief in Personal Agency Index




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week












Not Libertarian



Voter Gender Race

Total Very unfa-

vorable Somewhat


Very favorable

Very unfa-vorable


Somewhat favorable



64. Just Deserts Index




$40K-$59K

$60K-$99K

$100K-$199K $200K+ 18-29 30-44 45-54 55-64 65+



Total

High School or Less

Some College

College Degree



Once a week





The Cato Institute 2019 Welfare, Work, and Wealth Survey was conducted by the Cato Institute in collabora-tion with YouGov. YouGov collected responses March 5 to 8, 2019 from 1,700 Americans 18 years of age and older. These were then matched into a nationally representative sample to produce the final dataset. The survey included 257 respondents who report currently receiving means-tested government assistance, 250 who previously re-ceived such assistance, and 1,191 who say they have not received welfare benefits. Results have been weighted to be representative of the national adult sample. The mar-gin of error for the survey is +/- 2.2 percentage points at the 95% level of confidence. This does not include other sources of non-sampling error, such as selection bias in panel participation or response to a particular survey.

YouGov conducted the surveys online with its proprie-tary Web-enabled survey software, using a method called Active Sampling. Restrictions are put in place to ensure that only the people selected and contacted by YouGov are allowed to participate.

The respondents in each survey were matched to a sampling frame on gender, age, race, education, party identification, ideology, and political interest. The frame was constructed by stratified sampling from the full 2010

American Community Survey (ACS) sample with selec-tion within strata by weighted sampling with replace-ments (using the person weights on the public use file). Data on voter registration status and turnout were matched to this frame using the November 2010 Current Population Survey. Data on interest in politics and party identification were then matched to this frame from the 2007 Pew Religious Life Survey as well as other media polls.

Each set of matched cases were weighted to its sampling frame using propensity scores. The matched cases and the frame were combined and a logistic re-gression was estimated for inclusion in the frame. The propensity score function included age, gender, race/ethnicity, years of education, ideology, non-identification with a major party, political interest, and census region. The propensity scores were grouped in-to deciles of the estimated propensity score in the frame and post-stratified according to these deciles. For the final dataset sample weights were post-stratified to match the full stratification of a five cate-gory age, four category race, two category gender, and four category education.

Survey Methodology

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