Causal-Comparative (Ex-Post Fact) Research

• It is a quantitative research. • To determine the cause or consequences of the differences that already exist between or among group of individuals- ‘ex post facto’.

• One variable is considered as the causal (independent variable) and one variable is considered the effect (dependent variable).

VARIABLES

CHARACTERISTICS

TYPES

DESIGNS

STEPS

EXAMPLE OF RESEARCH

EXAMPLE OF RESEARCH (cont.)

EXAMPLE OF RESEARCH (cont.)

EXAMPLE OF RESEARCH (cont.)

1. http://www.stat.duke.edu/~dalene/pps231/lectures/l14desgn.html2. http://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/understandres.html

3. http://www.slideshare.net/china_velasco/causal-comparative-research-ckv4.

http://www.aea267.k12.ia.us/system/assets/uploads/files/1470/causal-comparative_research.pdf