Causes and Effects of the French and Indian War

• Navigation Acts - England tries to control trade:

1. All trade must be in English ships. 2. Captain and crew must be English. 3. Anything going to colonies must go

through England.

• Glorious Revolution – William & Mary over through James II (Catholic) and restore Church of England. Control in colonies is loosened and power in the government is shifted to Parliament.

• Enlightenment – Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau . . . All write of new ideas in government. We read them over here.

The French and Indian War• Lasted from 1754 to 1763• France and England (They called it

the 7 Years War) Fought here and in Europe

• Dispute over landEFFECTS

• Economic boom for colonies• Forced the colonies to work together• Colonies would have to pay for

protection• Proclamation of 1763 – Kept colonists

east of the Appalachian Mountains

F/I War 1750

English-French

rivalry worldwide

would erupt into a world war.

War begins over land disputes in the Ohio Valley

England and the 13 Colonies

fight together to defend their

empire.

British want part of fur trade and the 2 openings

into North America

FRENCH AND FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR INDIAN WAR OR SEVEN OR SEVEN YEARS OF YEARS OF

WARWAR

FOUGHT FOR THE CONTROL OF

NORTH AMERICA

Against the French, Indian

allies and Spanish

George Washington

starts this war

•Ohio Valley river systems important to England and France….

•Both countries claimed these areas which were

disputed….

•Both countries built forts to defend their land

claims….

F/I War Ohio

•Along the way, Washington builds Fort Necessity. The fort falls to the French in a skirmish that will lead to the French and

Indian War.

•A British statesman later wrote about Washington’s first skirmish: “The volley fired by a young Virginian in the

backwoods of America set the world on fire.”

•British concerned about French forts in British concerned about French forts in Virginia territory.Virginia territory.

•Send Washington, a major in the Virginia Send Washington, a major in the Virginia militia, to the Allegheny River Valley. militia, to the Allegheny River Valley.

•Washington leads 300 men against the French at Fort Duquesne and kills over a

100 French.

•1754: Albany Congress – convened by British, led by Franklin ~ 1st attempt at colonial unity ~ only 7 of 13 colonies there

•Purpose: keep Iroquois loyal, bolster defense against France through colonial unity•Franklin sponsored plan for colonial home rule, unanimously adopted by delegates

•Colonies rejected: not enough independence•London rejected: too much independence

Albany Plan

Seven Years Seven Years of Warof War

Gen. Edward Braddock --> evict the Gen. Edward Braddock --> evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)

Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,Valley, & Acadia. & Acadia. Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian by 1500 French and Indian forces.forces.Only Br. Success --> expelled Only Br. Success --> expelled

France France from Louisiana. from Louisiana.

1755 1755 Br. Decides Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. to Eliminate Fr. Presence in No. Presence in No.

Amer.Amer.

BritishBritish

• March in formation March in formation or bayonet charge.or bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted Br. officers wanted to control colonials.to control colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should Colonists should pay for own defense.pay for own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

French lose war and all land in North America

English inherit vast new land

holdings in North America

Colonists realize British are not invincible seek independence.

England sees responsibility to defend empire in

North America

King George and Parliament

tax the Colonies

FRENCH AND FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR INDIAN WAR OR SEVEN OR SEVEN YEARS OF YEARS OF

WARWAR

FOUGHT FOR THE CONTROL OF

NORTH AMERICA

Great Britain accumulates

huge war debts

France --> France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River.to lands east of the Mississippi River.

Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west of the got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.to England.

England -->England --> got all French lands in Canada, got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

F/I War 1763Treaty of Paris 1763Treaty of Paris 1763

•England gains French land from Canada to Florida and

Appalachians to the Mississippi River.

•England gains Florida from Spain.

1.1. It increased her colonial empire It increased her colonial empire in in the Americas. the Americas.

2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s It greatly enlarged England’s debt.debt.

3.3. Britain’s contempt for the Britain’s contempt for the colonials colonials created bitter feelings. created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary! was necessary!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects on Native Americans

Proclamation of 1763

Pontiac’s Rebellions

Effects on Colonists

•Iron Workers, Shipbuilders and Farmers benefited from supplying the army

•Colonists gained confidence in their ability to work together for a common goal.

• Parliament would now be more strict on the colonies

• Colonists would have to pay taxes to pay for the war

• Natives Americans in the great lakes resisted being taken over by the British

• Chief Pontiac united Native Americans in the Midwest to fight the British

• War lasted several years until Pontiac signed a peace treaty in 1766

• British wanted to stop colonists from moving west

• Hoped to end conflicts with the Native Americans

•Proclamation drew a line at the Appalachian Mountains

• Land west of the mountains was reserved for the Native Americans

• Most Native Americans had supported the French

• Loss weakened the tribes

• Despite the Proclamation settlers continued to take their land

Effects on Colonists

• Iron Workers, Shipbuilders and Farmers benefited from supplying the army

• Colonists gained confidence in their ability to work together for a common goal.

• Parliament would now be more strict on the colonies

• Colonists would have to pay taxes to pay for the war

Pontiac’s Rebellion

• Natives Americans in the great lakes resisted being taken over by the British

• Chief Pontiac united Native Americans in the Midwest to fight the British

• War lasted several years until Pontiac signed a peace treaty in 1766

Proclamation of 1763

• British wanted to stop colonists from moving west

• Hoped to end conflicts with the Native Americans

• Proclamation drew a line at the Appalachian Mountains

• Land west of the mountains was reserved for the Native Americans

Effects on Native Americans

• Most Native Americans had supported the French

• Loss weakened the tribes• Despite the Proclamation settlers continued to

take their land