7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

1/29

Military Intervention in Politics

1

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

2/29

ConceptVarious form of military intervention

HistoryCase Studies

2

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

3/29

Imposition of military rule by militaryauthorities over designated regions onan emergency basis

Maintain law and order and security andprovide essential services e!tensive riotsand protests the disobedience of the law

Military replace civil authorities andperform some or all of their functions

"he constitution could be suspendedand in full#scale martial law the highest#ran$ing military o%cer would ta$e overthe govt

&

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

4/29

Martial law can be used by governments toenforce their rule over the public' (hen threatened by popular protest )China

"iananmen S*uare protests of 1+,+-"o suppress political opposition )Poland in 1+,1-"o stabili.e insurrection or perceived

insurrections )Canada "he /ctober Crisis of1+0-

Martial law has also been imposed duringconicts and in cases of occupations where theabsence of any other civil government providesfor an unstable population' (orld (ar IIreconstruction in 3ermany and 4apan

5

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

5/29

a government led by a committee ofmilitary leaders Sometimes it becomesa military dictatorship though theterms are not synonymous' 6igerian military 7untas f 1+8891+0+ and

1+,&91++,

Military dictatorship a governmentwhere in the political power resides withthe military

Stratocracy :;bsolute rule

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

6/29

In ;bbasids regime military wasmore powerful than the =halifa

Victorious 3enerals were maderulers 128#1ari System of Mughals was

revenue administration combine withmilitary rule

?ritish Imperialism@ecent History

8

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

7/29

Egypt In Agypt a State of Amergency

almost continuously since 1+80 "he Parliament has renewed the

emergency laws every threeyears since they were imposed "he legislation was last e!tended

in 2& and was due to e!pire atthe end of May 28B plans werein place to replace it with newanti#terrorism laws

In May 2, there was a furthere!tension to 4une 21

inally @eplaced by MuhammadMursi of ;l#;$hwan

0

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

8/29

Since the foundation of the@epublic of "ur$ey in 1+2&the military conducted

three coups dDEtatandannounced martial law' Martial law(Ahmet

Kenan Evren) between1+0, and 1+,& wasreplaced by a State ofemergency that lasteduntil 6ovember 22'

1960 & 1971 Coups

,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d'%C3%A9tathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d'%C3%A9tat

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

9/29

Israil 1++5#+8

Irland 1+18Poland 1+,1

"iwan 1+50#,0

+

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

10/29

>iversion from Ideological basis onPolitics

Ideological ?asis of Military>elay in Constitution >evelopmentSupport of ?ureaucracyPolitics of @econciliation# )Principles

or @econciliation-Public Policy and Military>emand of role in govt by Military

1

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

11/29

Political role of Military 6;? >isaster Management (ea$ Faw Anforcement ;gencies

Charges of Corruption and Shamedemocracy

IneGective ;rticle 8 Specic reasons >elay in Alection 1+emocratic Monarchy 1+++

11

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

12/29

ailure of Politicians in political solution ofproblems

Various Military /perations of 1+011+0&1+++52,

6o alternative leadershipopposition ailure to bring in house changes @emoval of Safety#Valve from Constitution ,th1&th10th

ailure of Ma7or Political Parties 6o 6ational Political Party ormation of various Political ;lliance by Military (ea$ Political Institutions 1+

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

13/29

Aconomic development >ecade of >evelopment 1+8 Stable >ollar 1+,

@eal estate Aconomy 2 3ross @oot >emocracy ?> System#Controlled >emocracy >istrict Council#apolitical >emocracy Focal 3ovt#Matric >emocracy

Sabotage of Constitution Athnic ConictsPa$htoon Maha7er 1+

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

14/29

(ea$ening political institutions(ars with in and outside the borders

AGecting the balance of Power in the@egion@ole of Military in oreign Policy:

6ational Interest )sic- /f KKKKKK

15

7/24/2019 Causes of Martial Law_WO_FOTO

15/29

=ashmir Issue;fghanistan Policy

6uclear Program(ar ;gainst "errorismAconomic and Military ;idMa7or Infrastructure Pro7ects@elations with India

1efensecurity

"itan Corporations =ellogg ?rown Q @oot ;ir Scan>ynCorpRs C;CI International etc' amous O=

PMAs include ?lac$#/pRs and ;egis >efenseServices' Most of these are active beneciaries ofthe Ira* (ar' "he worldwide PMA industry is nowworth over 1 billion a year' "hus this is not 7usta Pa$istan specic industry

2+