Date post: | 30-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | denis-beasley |
View: | 239 times |
Download: | 0 times |
C&C Research LaboratoriesNEC Europe Ltd.
ADSL ADSL
Brigitta Lange
NEC Europe Ltd.
C&C Research Laboratories
Adenauerplatz 6
D-69115 Heidelberg
IP-Multicast IP-Multicast
over over
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -2-
NEC Europe Ltd.
• Internet Application Trends– Experiences ADSL Pilot Aachen– Requirements for Multicast Support
• Multicast Architectures for ADSL– Multicast Gateway– Multicast over PVC– Performance Results
• Field Trial Homelearning over ADSL
• Summary
OverviewOverview
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -3-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Internet Trends (1) Internet Trends (1)
Development of Internet Users in Germany (in Millions)
1,33
6,1
20
9,7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Source: NOP Research 1998
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -4-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Internet Trends (2)Internet Trends (2)
30%
33%
37%
44%
64%
66%
83%
83%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Source: NOP Research 1998
Information Seeking
Product Information
Softw are-Dow nloads
New s
Chat
TV-Programs
Investment Choices
Travel Arrangements
Purpose of Internet Access (Percent)
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -5-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Internet Trends (3) Internet Trends (3)
4,9%
8,8%
9,3%
19,9%
21,3%
26,6%
34,8%
74,0%
95,0%
95,8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Source: W3B Umfrage, Fittkau& Maß 1995-1998
WWW
FTP
New sgroups
Chat
Audio/Video-Transmission
Internet Telephony -Telefax
3D-Worlds, Virtual Reality
Video-Conferencing
Push-Technologies/-Channels
Usage of Internet Services & Applications (Percent)
Point to Point
Point to Multi-Point
Multi-Point to Multi-Point
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -6-
NEC Europe Ltd.
ADSL Pilot Aachen (1)ADSL Pilot Aachen (1)
• ADSL Pilot Aachen– Cooperation: RWTH Aachen, DTAG, NEC– launched in February 1998– currently 700 residential users
• Objectives– Test/ Evaluation ADSL Technology– High speed Internet/ remote LAN access– Analysis of User Behavior
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -7-
NEC Europe Ltd.
ADSL Pilot Aachen (2)ADSL Pilot Aachen (2)
• Experiences: user behavior – ADSL encourages multimedia applications– enables high-quality tele-working– growing demand for multimedia collaborative
applications: • audio/video conferencing, distributed games
• Delimiter for multimedia group applications: – require efficient PMP communication – lack of IP-Multicast support in access network
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -8-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Introduction to IP-MulticastingIntroduction to IP-MulticastingIP- Unicast
Host C
Host B
Host D
Host UHost A
Router
Router
Router
Host C
Host B
Host D
Host M
Host AIP- Multicast
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -9-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Broadband Access NetworksBroadband Access Networks• Roll out of ADSL:
– bandwidth no longer delimiter– delivery of broadband services to the homes
• Success of ADSL networks:– depends on high bandwidth applications – Network infrastructure has to support
emerging services– Multicast is essential for these applications
• IP-Multicast support is a key requirement for broadband access networks
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -10-
NEC Europe Ltd.
ADSL Network ArchitectureADSL Network Architecture
Customer Premises
Regional Broadband Network
CO
ONU
ONU
ONU
Central Office
ONU
ONUATU
Access Node
ATU
ATU
ONU: Optical Network UnitATU: ADSL Termination Unit
ISP
Content Provider
CorporateNetwork
Internet
Wide AreaNetwork
ONUMultimedia
Server
Backbone
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -11-
NEC Europe Ltd.
ADSL Network ScenariosADSL Network Scenarios
• PPP over ATM over ADSL:– PPP provides Authentication Accounting,
Address assignment– ATM provides QoS guarantee
• Connection between End-user and NSP:– by ATM PVCs or by ATM SVCs
• In near future only PVCs will be available
• Goal: Provide IP-Multicast in this scenario– short-term solution based on PVCs
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -12-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Requirements for IP-Multicast Support over Requirements for IP-Multicast Support over ATM/ADSLATM/ADSL
• Key aspects: – scalability (# of clients, # of groups)– efficiency of data replication– avoid broadcasting all multicast groups – support for dynamic joining and leaving– accounting facilities
• Additional aspects:– QoS– implementation effort – smooth PVC -> SVC migration
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -13-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Multicast Architectures for ADSLMulticast Architectures for ADSL
• Multicast Gateway (short-term solution)– Multicast client-server application– access through Unicast tunnels
• Multicast over PVC (mid-term solution)– based on MARS/MCS– Multicast in PVC based access networks
• MARS/MCS (long-term solution)– IETF proposed standard– good scalability, based on SVCs
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -14-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Multicast Gateway (1) Multicast Gateway (1)
Multicast capablenetwork
Client
Client
Client
Multicast traffic +SAP
Multicast traffic through unicasttunnel
Non-multicastcapable network
SAPcache
MulticastGateway
MulticastSource
• Architecture:
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -15-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Multicast Gateway (2)Multicast Gateway (2)
Multicast Gateway
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 1 2 3 4 5
Bandwidth (Mbps)
Lo
sses (
%)
1 Client
2 Clients
5 Clients
• Performance Measurements
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -16-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Multicast Gateway (3)Multicast Gateway (3)
• Advantages– immediate realization– easy implementation
• Disadvantages– no real multicast: ADSL client has to install
special software– inefficient: replication of packets at
application layer (end user space)– not scalable with number of clients
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -17-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Multicast over PVC (1) Multicast over PVC (1)
• Adress resolution: MARS
• Replication/Forwarding: MCS
• Two approaches for data forwarding: – Multiple PP PVCs from MCS to each host:
• selective sending to hosts joined • replication done at the network level (kernel)
– PMP PVC to all hosts of cluster:• broadcast to all hosts, non-selective• efficient: replication done at the ATM level• flooding of users accesses with useless traffic
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -18-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Multicast over PVC (2)Multicast over PVC (2)
MRouter
MARS
MCS
IP-MC-Group ATM-Address
PP PVC
MRouter
MARS
MCS
PMP PVC
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -19-
NEC Europe Ltd.
Performance ComparisonPerformance Comparison
Multicast
Gateway
Point-to-
Point
Point-to-
Multipoint
1 Client 3 Mbps 29 Mbps 29 Mbps
2 Clients 2,4 Mbps 26 Mbps 29 Mbps
5 Clients <1 Mbps 6,2 Mbps 29 Mbps
• Bandwidth supported without losses for the different Multicast Architectures:
• Result: Multicast over PVC more efficient– supports larger number of end users
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -20-
NEC Europe Ltd.
DFN Project ANETTEDFN Project ANETTE
• ANETTE : Applications and NEtwork Technology for Teleteaching– joint proposal of the universities of
Mannheim, Freiburg, Aachen and NEC– funded by DFN (Germ. Research Network)– project duration: June 1999 - May 2001
• ATM/ADSL Field Trial for advanced Homelearning and Teleteaching scenarios
• Testbed for the proposed Multicast Architectures, scalability studies
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -21-
NEC Europe Ltd.
ANETTE ScenarioANETTE Scenario
Home Students Aachen
B-WIN DFN
Heidelberg
Karlsruhe
Freiburg
Mannheim
Aachen
ISDN
ADSL
Home Students Mannheim
Lecture HallUniversities
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -22-
NEC Europe Ltd.
ANETTE: ADSL Trial AachenANETTE: ADSL Trial Aachen
StudentsHome
Uni Mannheim,...
CO
ONU
ONU
ONU
ADSL Multicast Access Server
MCRouter
CentralOffice
ONU
ONU
ADSL Multicast
Access Server
ATU1
ATM
XSwitch
1
2
3?
24
1
24
1
24
:
:
:
ATU
ATU
ATM Backboneof B-Win
RWTH Aachen
ONU
UniversityBackbone
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -23-
NEC Europe Ltd.
ANETTE: Teleteaching ToolsANETTE: Teleteaching Tools
Video
AudioControl
Whiteboard
Whiteboard Import
C&C Research Laboratories AIMS 99 -24-
NEC Europe Ltd.
SummarySummary
• Growing demand for multimedia group applications based on point-to-multipoint communication
• IP-Multicast support in RBB networks needed
• Two step proposal for ATM/ADSL networks: – Multicast Gateway (short term)– Multicast over PVC (mid-term, more efficient)
• Evaluation of both architectures in ADSL field trial for Interactive Homelearning scenarios