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Respiration
BIOLOGY
9
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RespirationThe chemical reactions thatbreak down nutrientmolecules in living cells to
release energy
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Why cells
needEnergy ?
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Cells needenergy for,Contracting muscles to move the body.
Making proteins using amino acids.
Repairing damaged tissues andgrowing body.
Transporting substances active.
Transmitting nerve impulses in thebody.Producing heat in the body to keep the
body temperature constant.
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Respiration
Aerobic Anaerobic
The release of a
relatively highenergy in cells bythe breakdown offood substances in
the presence of
The release of a
relatively low energyin cells by the
breakdown of foodsubstances in theabsence of oxygen
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ucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Wat
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
Aerobicrespiration
AerobicrespirationGlucose Lactic acid
C6H12O6 2C3H6O3
Glucose Alcohol + Carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
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Yeast
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Brewing(Fermenting)Yeast is dissolved in a warm liquidcontaining the sugar maltose. Maltosecomes from germinating barley seeds.
Yeast respiresanaerobically.Breaks down the
maltose and makesalcohol + CO2CO2 makes the
beer fizzy.
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BreadmakingFlour is mixed with water to makedough. Flour contains starch.
When the flour is moistened, it is
breaks down to sugar maltose.
Yeast is added to thedough and breaksdown the sugar.
Yeast respiresaerobically first,
makes CO2 and get
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Aerobic AnaerobicUses oxygen Doesnt use oxygen
No lactic acid / alcoholmade
Alcohol (yeast & plants)or lactic acid (animals)
made
Large amount of
energy release
Less amount of energy
released
CO2 made by yeast,plants and animals
CO2 made by yeastand plants
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Gas
exchangein humans
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Gas exchangesurfaces are,Permeable, thin, allowed gases todiffuse across.Close to an efficient transport system.
Kept moist to stop cells dying.
Large, then lots of gas can diffuse.
Good at supplying oxygen brought bybreathing movements.
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ribs
pleural
fluidpleural
membra
ne
alveoli
(air
trachea
bronchus
Humanlungs
bronchiole
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turbinalbones
Humannose
goblet
cell
nucleu
s
mucuscilia
soft
nostril
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Humantrachea
larynx
trache
a
bronchus
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Alveoli
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white blood cellwhich destroysbacteria
cell in wallofalveolus
cell in wall ofca illar
air space in
alveolusred blood
Bloodplasma
white bloodcellin bloodcapillary
elasticfibres
Alveolus
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Gas exchange in thealveolus
wall ofcapillary
wall of
alveolus
Moistsurface
CO2
diffusesout ofblood
O2 diffusesin to blood
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Breathing
movements
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intercostalmuscles
intercostalmuscles
The ribcage
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Inspiration &expiration
Inspirati Expirati
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Inspiration &expiration
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RespirationGas
exchange Breathing
A series ofchemicalreactions
happens insidecells
Food brakesdown to release
energy
The exchangeof gas across
a respiratorysurface
Exchange gas
by diffusion
Happensduring
Photosynthesi
Muscularmovements of
supplying
oxygen torespiratory
surface
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Inspired air Expired air Reason
Oxygen 21% Oxygen 16%Diffuses to
blood
Carbon dioxide0.04%
Carbon dioxide4%
Diffuses fromblood
Water content
is variable
Water content
is always high
Some of cellmoisture
evaporates
Temperature isvariable
Temperature isalways high
Warmed whenpasses through
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Anaerobicrespiration
The release of a relatively low energyin cells by the breakdown of food
substances in the absence of oxygen
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Glucose Lactic acid + ener
C6H12O6 2C3H6O3
Oxygendebt
Lactic acid then brakes down in the liver bycombining with oxygen.
When lack of oxygen, glucose breaks downin to lactic acid and release energy.
Because of lactic acid or CO2 in blood, bloodpH falls, then brain stimulates faster
breathing.
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hotosynthesi
The fundamental process bywhich plants manufacturecarbohydrates from raw
materials using energy from
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CC30B Copyright Pinnacle Learning CentreChloropl
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Chloroplast
Chlorophyll
CO2H2O
C6H12O6
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Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygensunlight
chlorophyll
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6
+ 6O2
sunlight
chlorophyll
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Respiration
The chemical reactions thatbreak down nutrient moleculesin living cells to release energy
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Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide +Water
+ energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O
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6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6
+ 6O2
tosynthesis & Respirat
http://www.biomanbio.com/GamesandLabs/PhotoRespgames/phorespgame.htmlhttp://www.biomanbio.com/GamesandLabs/PhotoRespgames/phorespgame.html