GCE
For first teaching from September 2016For first award of AS level in Summer 2017For first award of A level in Summer 2018Subject Code: 1210
CCEA GCE Specification in
Physics
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Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Aims 41.2 Keyfeatures 41.3 Priorattainment 41.4 Classificationcodesandsubjectcombinations 5
2 Specification at a Glance
6
3 Subject Content 8 3.1 UnitAS1:Forces,EnergyandElectricity 83.2 UnitAS2:Waves,PhotonsandAstronomy 133.3 UnitAS3:PracticalTechniquesandDataAnalysis 183.4 UnitA21:DeformationofSolids,ThermalPhysics,CircularMotion,
OscillationsandAtomicandNuclearPhysics20
3.5 UnitA22:Fields,CapacitorsandParticlePhysics 243.6 UnitA23:PracticalTechniquesandDataAnalysis
29
4 Scheme of Assessment 31 4.1 Assessmentopportunities 314.2 Assessmentobjectives 314.3 Assessmentobjectiveweightings 314.4 Qualityofwrittencommunication 324.5 SynopticassessmentatA2 324.6 Higherorderthinkingskills 324.7 Reportingandgrading
32
5 Grade Descriptions
33
6 Guidance on Practical Assessment 37 6.1 Settingthetasks 376.2 Supervisingthestudents 376.3 Assessmentconditions 386.4 Confidentiality
38
7 Links and Support 39 7.1 Support 397.2 Curriculumobjectives 397.3 Examinationentries 407.4 Equalityandinclusion 407.5 Contactdetails 41
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Appendix 1 MathematicalContent
42
Appendix 2 DataandformulaeSheetforUnitsAS1andAS2
44
Appendix 3 DataandformulaeSheetforUnitsA21andA22
46
Appendix 4 ExperimentsthatthetasksforAS3Aarebasedon
49
Summary of Changes since First Issue 50
SubjectCodeQANASLevelQANALevel
1210601/8520/X601/8519/3
ACCEAPublication©2016
Thisspecificationisavailableonlineatwww.ccea.org.uk
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1 Introduction ThisspecificationsetsoutthecontentandassessmentdetailsforourAdvancedSubsidiary(AS)andAdvancedGCEcoursesinPhysics.FirstteachingisfromSeptember2016.Studentscantake:
• theAScourseasafinalqualification;or• theASunitsplustheA2unitsforafullGCEAlevelqualification.WeassesstheASunitsatastandardappropriateforstudentswhohavecompletedthefirstpartofthefullcourse.A2unitshaveanelementofsynopticassessment(toassessstudents’understandingofthesubjectasawhole),aswellasmoreemphasisonassessmentobjectivesthatreflecthigherorderthinkingskills.ThefullAdvancedGCEawardisbasedonstudents’marksfromtheAS(40percent)andtheA2(60percent).Theguidedlearninghoursforthisspecification,asforallGCEs,are:
• 180hoursfortheAdvancedSubsidiarylevelaward;and• 360hoursfortheAdvancedlevelaward.WewillmakethefirstASawardsforthespecificationin2017andthefirstAlevelawardsin2018.ThespecificationbuildsonthebroadobjectivesoftheNorthernIrelandCurriculum.Ifthereareanymajorchangestothisspecification,wewillnotifycentresinwriting.Theonlineversionofthespecificationwillalwaysbethemostuptodate;toviewanddownloadthispleasegotowww.ccea.org.uk
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1.1 Aims Thisspecificationaimstoencouragestudentsto:
• developtheirinterestinandenthusiasmforphysics,includingdevelopinganinterestinfurtherstudyandcareersinthesubject;
• appreciatehowsocietymakesdecisionsaboutscientificissuesandhowthesciencescontributetothesuccessoftheeconomyandsociety;
• developcompetenceinarangeofpractical,mathematicalandproblem-solvingskills;
• developanddemonstrateadeeperappreciationofscientificskills,andknowledgeandunderstandingofhowscienceworks;
• developessentialknowledgeandunderstandingofdifferentareasofthesubjectandhowtheyrelatetoeachother;and
• developadvancedstudyskillsthathelpthemprepareforthirdleveleducation.1.2 Key features Thefollowingareimportantfeaturesofthisspecification.
• Itincludessixassessmentunitsthatareallexternallyassessed.• Itallowsstudentstodeveloptheirsubjectknowledge,understandingandskills.• Itprovidesafirmgroundingforstudentswishingtoprogresstohighereducationinphysicsorrelatedsubjectssuchasengineeringorelectronics,ashighereducationcoursesinthesesubjectsusuallyrequireanAlevelqualificationinphysicsforentry.
• AssessmentatA2includessynopticassessmentthatencouragesstudentstodeveloptheirunderstandingofthesubjectasawhole.AssessmentatA2islessstructuredandconsequentlystretchesandchallengesthestudents.
• Arangeofsupportisavailable,includingspecimenassessmentmaterials,exemplarschemesofworkandteacherguidance.
1.3 Prior attainment Studentsdonotneedtohavereachedaparticularlevelofattainmentbeforebeginningtostudythisspecification.Thespecificationbuildsonknowledge,understandingandskillsdevelopedinbothGCSEDoubleAwardScienceandGCSEPhysics.TheknowledgeandunderstandingfromGCSEMathematicsisalsoveryrelevant.
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1.4 Classification codes and subject combinations Everyspecificationhasanationalclassificationcodethatindicatesitssubjectarea.Theclassificationcodeforthisqualificationis1210.Pleasenotethatifastudenttakestwoqualificationswiththesameclassificationcode,universitiesandcollegesthattheyapplytomaytaketheviewthattheyhaveachievedonlyoneofthetwoGCEs.ThesamemayoccurwithanytwoGCEqualificationsthathaveasignificantoverlapincontent,eveniftheclassificationcodesaredifferent.Becauseofthis,studentswhohaveanydoubtsabouttheirsubjectcombinationsshouldcheckwiththeuniversitiesandcollegesthattheywouldliketoattendbeforebeginningtheirstudies.
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2 Specification at a Glance ThetablebelowsummarisesthestructureoftheASandAlevelcourses:
Content
Assessment
Weightings
AS1:Forces,EnergyandElectricity
1hour45minsStudentscompleteawrittenexaminationconsistingofcompulsoryshortanswerquestionsandsomethatrequireextendedwriting.Externallyassessedwrittenpaper
40%ofAS16%ofAlevel
AS2:Waves,PhotonsandAstronomy
1hour45minsStudentscompleteawrittenexaminationconsistingofcompulsoryshortanswerquestionsandsomethatrequireextendedwriting.Externallyassessedwrittenpaper
40%ofAS16%ofAlevel
AS3:PracticalTechniquesandDataAnalysis
2(1hour)componentsStudentscompleteanexternallyassessedtestofpracticalskillsconsistingofshorttasks,andaseparatepaperrequiringtheanalysisofexperimentalresults.Externallyassessed
20%ofAS8%ofAlevel
A21:DeformationofSolids,ThermalPhysics,CircularMotion,OscillationsandAtomicandNuclearPhysics
2hoursStudentscompleteawrittenexaminationconsistingofcompulsoryshortanswerquestionsandsomethatrequireextendedwriting.Thequestionshaveelementsofsynopticassessment,drawingtogetherdifferentstrandsofthespecification.Externallyassessedwrittenpaper
24%ofAlevel
A22:Fields,CapacitorsandParticlePhysics
2hoursStudentscompleteawrittenexaminationconsistingofcompulsoryshortanswerquestionsandsomethatrequireextendedwriting.Thequestionshaveelementsofsynopticassessment,drawingtogetherdifferentstrandsofthespecification.Externallyassessedwrittenpaper
24%ofAlevel
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Content
Assessment
Weightings
A23:PracticalTechniquesandDataAnalysis
2(1hour)componentsStudentstakeanexternallyassessedtestofpracticalskills,consistingoftwoexperimentaltests,andaseparatepaperrequiringtheanalysisofexperimentalresults.Externallyassessed
12%ofAlevel
Mathematical content StudentsmustbecompetentintheareasofmathematicslistedinAppendix1todeveloptheirskills,knowledgeandunderstandingofphysics.Data and formulae sheets ThedataandformulaeinAppendices2and3willbeavailableintheASandA2examinationsrespectively. Experiment list Appendix4isalistofexperimentsthattheshorttasksforAS3Aarebasedon.Genericexperimentsmayalsobesettotestthedirectuseofapparatuslistedinthisspecification.
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3 Subject Content Wehavedividedthiscourseintosixunits:threeunitsatASlevelandthreeunitsatA2.Thissectionsetsoutthecontentandlearningoutcomesforeachunit.3.1 Unit AS 1: Forces, Energy and Electricity Thisunitteachesstudentstodealwithphysicalquantitiesandscalarsandvectors,whicharerequiredinallbranchesofthesubject.StudentsbuildontheirknowledgeandunderstandingofNewtonianmechanicsandelectricitytoexplainmanyeconomicandsocialapplicationsofphysics.
Content LearningOutcomes
1.1 Physicalquantities
Studentsshouldbeableto:
1.1.1 describeallphysicalquantitiesasconsistingofanumericalmagnitudeandunit;
1.1.2 statethebaseunitsofmass,length,time,current,
temperature,andamountofsubstanceandbeabletoexpressotherquantitiesintermsoftheseunits;
1.1.3 recallandusetheprefixesT,G,M,k,c,m,µ,n,pand
f,andpresenttheseinstandardform;
1.2 Scalarsandvectors
1.2.1 distinguishbetweenandgiveexamplesofscalarandvectorquantity;
1.2.2 resolveavectorintotwoperpendicularcomponents;1.2.3 calculatetheresultantoftwocoplanarvectorsby
calculationorscaledrawing,withcalculationslimitedtotwoperpendicularvectors;
1.2.4 solveproblemsthatincludetwoorthreecoplanar
forcesactingatapoint,inthecontextofequilibrium;
1.3 Principleofmoments
1.3.1 definethemomentofaforceaboutapoint;1.3.2 usetheconceptofcentreofgravity;and1.3.3 recallandusetheprincipleofmoments.
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Content LearningOutcomes
1.4 Linearmotion Studentsshouldbeableto:
1.4.1 definedisplacement,velocity,averagevelocityandacceleration;
1.4.2 recallandusetheequationsofmotionforuniformacceleration;
1.4.3 describeanexperimentusinglightgatesandcomputersoftwaretomeasureaccelerationoffreefall,g;
1.4.4 interpret,qualitativelyandquantitatively,velocity-timeanddisplacement-timegraphsformotionwithuniformandnon-uniformacceleration;
1.5 Dynamics 1.5.1 describeprojectilemotion;1.5.2 explainprojectilemotionasbeingcausedbya
uniformvelocityinonedirectionandauniformaccelerationinaperpendiculardirection;
1.5.3 applytheequationsofmotiontoprojectilemotion,
excludingairresistance;
1.6 Newton’slawsofmotion
1.6.1 stateNewton’slawsofmotion;1.6.2 applythelawstosimplesituations;1.6.3 recallandusetheequationF=ma,wheremassis
constant;and1.6.4 demonstrateanunderstandingthatfrictionisaforce
thatopposesmotion.
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Content LearningOutcomes
1.7 Linearmomentumandimpulse
Studentsshouldbeableto:
1.7.1 definemomentum;1.7.2 calculatemomentum;1.7.3 applytheprincipleoftheconservationoflinear
momentum;1.7.4 performcalculationsinvolvingcollisionsinone
dimension;1.7.5 describeandconfirmcollisionsaselasticorinelastic
bycalculation;1.7.6 defineimpulseastheproductF×t;1.7.7 recallandusetheequationFt=mv-mu;1.7.8 applytheimpulse-momentumrelationshiptoimpact
situations;1.7.9 defineNewton’ssecondlawintermsofmomentum;
1.8 Workdone,potentialenergyandkineticenergy
1.8.1 defineworkdone,potentialenergyandkineticenergy;
1.8.2 showthatwhenworkisdone,energyistransferred
fromoneformtoanother;1.8.3 calculatetheworkdoneforconstantforces,
includingforcesnotalongthelineofmotion;
1.8.4 recallandusetheequationsΔp.e.=mgΔhandk.e.=½mv²;and
1.8.5 statetheprincipleofconservationofenergyanduse
ittocalculateexchangesbetweengravitationalpotentialenergyandkineticenergy.
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Content LearningOutcomes
1.8Workdone,potentialenergyandkineticenergy(cont.)
Studentsshouldbeableto:
1.8.6 usetheequation½mv²‒½mu²=Fsforaconstantforce;
1.8.7 recallanduseP=Workdonetimetaken
,P=Fvand
efficiency=usefulenergy power outputenergy power input
;
1.8.8 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheimportancetosocietyofenergyconservationandenergyefficiency;
1.9 Electriccurrent,charge,potentialdifferenceandelectromotiveforce
1.9.1 recallandusetheequationI=Qt ;
1.9.2 recallandusetheequationsV=Wq ,V=PI ;
1.9.3 definethevolt;1.9.4 defineelectromotiveforce,E;1.9.5 distinguishbetweenelectromotiveforceand
potentialdifference;
1.10 Resistanceandresistivity
1.10.1 performexperimentstoconfirmtherelationshipsbetweencurrent,voltageandresistanceinseriesandparallelcircuits;
1.10.2 recallandusetheequationsforresistorsinseriesand
inparallel;
1.10.3 recallandusetheequationsR= VI andP=I²R;
1.10.4 defineresistivity;
1.10.5 recallandusetheequationR = ρlA
1.10.6 performanddescribeanexperimenttomeasure
resistivity;1.10.7 demonstrateknowledgeandsimpleunderstandingof
superconductivity;and 1.10.8 stateOhm’slaw.
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Content LearningOutcomes
1.10 Resistanceandresistivity(cont.)
Studentsshouldbeableto:
1.10.9 distinguishbetweenohmicandnon-ohmicbehaviour;
1.10.10 performexperimentstodeterminethe
current-voltagecharacteristicsformetallicconductors,includingwireataconstanttemperatureandthefilamentofabulb;
1.10.11 sketchanddescribethecurrent-voltage
characteristicsforametallicconductor,adiodeandanegativetemperaturecoefficient(ntc)thermistor;
1.10.12 sketchandexplainthevariationwithtemperatureof
theresistanceofametallicconductorandanegativetemperaturecoefficient(ntc)thermistor;
1.10.13 performanexperimenttoshowthevariationwith
temperatureoftheresistanceofanegativetemperaturecoefficient(ntc)thermistor;
1.11 Internalresistanceandelectromotiveforce
1.11.1 demonstrateanunderstandingofthesimpleconsequencesofinternalresistanceofasourceforexternalcircuits;
1.11.2 usetheequationV=E-Ir;1.11.3 performanddescribeanexperimenttomeasure
internalresistanceandtheelectromotiveforce;
1.12 Potentialdividercircuits
1.12.1 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheuseofapotentialdividertosupplyvariablepotentialdifferencefromafixedpowersupply;
1.12.2 demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingofthe
useofthepotentialdividerinlightingandheatingcontrolcircuits;and
1.12.3 calculatetheoutputvoltagesinloadedcircuitsusing
theequation.
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3.2 Unit AS 2: Waves, Photons and Astronomy Theideasaboutwavesinthistopicprovidevitallinkstothestudyoflightandsound.Thesectiononphotonsintroducesthequantumtheoryandtheconceptofwave-particleduality.
Content
LearningOutcomes
2.1Waves
Studentsshouldbeableto:
2.1.1 demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingofthetermstransversewaveandlongitudinalwave;
2.1.2 categorisewavesastransverseorlongitudinal;2.1.3 analysegraphstoobtaindataonamplitude,period,
frequency,wavelengthandphase;2.1.4 demonstrateanunderstandingthatpolarisationisa
phenomenonassociatedwithtransversewaves;
2.1.5 recallandusetheequationsf=1Tandv=fλ;
2.1.6 recallradiowaves,microwaves,infrared,visible,ultraviolet,X-raysandgammaraysasregionsoftheelectromagneticspectrum;
2.1.7 statetypicalwavelengthsforeachoftheseregions;2.1.8 recallthatthewavelengthofvioletlightis400nm
andredlightis700nm;
2.2Refraction 2.2.1 performanddescribeanexperimenttoverifySnell’slawandmeasuretherefractiveindex;
2.2.2 recallandusetheequations;2.2.3 demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingoftotal
internalreflection;and
2.2.4 recallandusetheequationsin c= 1n.
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Content
LearningOutcomes
2.2Refraction(cont.)
Studentsshouldbeableto:
2.2.5 demonstrateanunderstandingofthephysicalprincipleofthestepindexopticalfibre,includingtotalinternalreflectionatthecore/claddingboundaryandthespeedinthecore;
2.2.6 describethestructureofaflexibleendoscopeand
discussexamplesofitsapplicationinmedicineandindustry;
2.3Lenses 2.3.1 drawraydiagramsforconverginganddiverginglenses;
2.3.2 usetheequationforconvergingand
diverginglenses;2.3.3 verifyexperimentallythelensequationandthe
evaluationoff,thefocallengthofaconverginglens,forrealimagesonly;
2.3.4 definemastheratiooftheimageheighttothe
objectheight,or;
2.3.5 recallandusetheequationm=vu;
2.3.6 describetheuseoflensestocorrectmyopiaand
hypermetropia;2.3.7 performcalculationsonthecorrectionoflongand
shortsight,includingacalculationofthenewrangeofvision;and
2.3.8 performcalculationsinvolvingthepoweroflenses.
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Content
LearningOutcomes
2.4Superposition,interferenceanddiffraction
Studentsshouldbeableto:
2.4.1 illustratetheconceptofsuperpositionbythegraphicaladditionoftwosinusoidalwaves;
2.4.2 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheconditions
requiredtoproducestandingwaves;2.4.3 demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingofthe
graphicalrepresentationofstandingwavesinstretchedstrings,andairinpipesclosedatoneend;
2.4.4 identify,graphically,themodesofvibrationof
stretchedstringsandairinapipeclosedatoneend,withoutreferencetoovertoneandharmonicterminology;
2.4.5 identifynodeandantinodepositions;2.4.6 performanddescribeanexperimenttomeasurethe
speedofsoundinairusingaresonancetube(endcorrectionisnotrequired);
2.4.7 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheconditionsfor
observableinterference;
2.4.8 demonstrateanunderstandingofthesignificanceofpathdifferenceandphasedifferenceinexplaininginterferenceeffects;
2.4.9 describeYoung’sslitsinterferenceexperimentto
measurethewavelengthofmonochromaticlight;2.4.10 usetheequationλ=ayd ;
2.4.11 describeandexplaindiffractionphenomenaata
singleslit;
2.4.12 statequalitativelyanddrawdiagramstoillustratetheeffectofaperturesizeondiffraction;and
2.4.13 usetheequationdsinӨ=nλforadiffractiongrating.
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Content
LearningOutcomes
2.4Superposition,interferenceanddiffraction(cont.)
Studentsshouldbeableto:
2.4.14 describetheuseofadiffractiongratingandalasertomeasurewavelength;
2.5Quantumphysics
2.5.1 recallandusetheequationEphoton=hf;
2.5.2 usethephotonmodeltoexplainthephotoelectriceffectqualitativelyusingthetermsphotonenergyandworkfunction;
2.5.3 usetheequation½mvmax
2=hf-hf0;
2.5.4 demonstrateanunderstandingthatelectronsexistinenergylevelsinatoms;
2.5.5 recallandusetheequationhf=ΔE;
2.5.6 provideasimpleexplanationoflaseraction,using
thetermspopulationinversion,stimulatedemissionandmetastablestate;
2.5.7 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheproductionofX-raysbytheprocessofelectronmovementbetweenenergylevels;
2.5.8 describethephysicalprinciplesofCTscanningandconventionalX-rays;
2.6Wave-particleduality
2.6.1 categoriseelectromagneticwavephenomenaasbeingexplainedbythewavemodel,thephotonmodelorboth;
2.6.2 describeelectrondiffraction;and
2.6.3 usethedeBroglieequation.
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Content
LearningOutcomes
2.7Astronomy
Studentsshouldbeableto:
2.7.1 recall,demonstrateanunderstandingofandapplytheclassicalequationsforDopplershifttofindthewavelengthofthewavesreceivedbyastationaryobserverfromamovingsource;
2.7.2 demonstrateanunderstandingofthedifference
betweencosmologicalredshiftandDopplerredshift;2.7.3 calculatetheredshiftparameter,z,ofareceding
galaxyusingtheequationz=#$$andusethe
equationz=VCtofindtherecessionspeedv,where
v<<c;
2.7.4 useHubble’sLawv=Hodtoestimatethedistance,d,toadistantgalaxy,giventhevalueofitsspeedofrecession,v,andtheHubbleconstant,H0»2.4×10-
18s-1;and
2.7.5 recallandusetoestimatetheageofthe
universe.
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3.3 Unit AS 3: Practical Techniques and Data Analysis Inthisunit,studentsacquireessentialpracticaltechniques,includingimplementing,analysis,evaluation,designandcommunication.Notethatthelearningoutcomesinthissectionrelatetopracticaltechniquesandskillsratherthantodetailsofcontenttopics,asintherestofthisspecification.Inpracticalclasses,studentsshouldconsiderthehealthandsafetyaspectsoftheirwork.Thisincludes,butisnotlimitedto,theprocedures,techniques,apparatusandmaterialsemployedineveryactivity.
Content
LearningOutcomes
3.1Implementing Studentsshouldbeableto:
3.1.1 assembleandusemeasuringapparatuscorrectly,skilfullyandeffectivelywithfullregardforsafety,including:- springandtop-panbalances(mass);- rule,micrometerandcalipers(length);- graduatedcylinder(liquidvolume);- clockandstopwatch(time);- thermometerandsensor(temperature);- ammeter(electriccurrent);- voltmeter(potentialdifference);- multimeter(resistance,p.d.,current);and- protractor(angle);
(Note:digitalversionsoftheapparatusareacceptable)
3.1.2 makeandrecordsufficientrelevant,reliableand
validobservationsandmeasurementstotheappropriatedegreeofprecisionandaccuracy,usingdataloggerswheresuitable;
3.1.3 showfamiliaritywithbothanalogueanddigital
displays;
3.2Analysis 3.2.1 presentworkappropriatelyinwritten,tabular,graphicalorotherforms;and
3.2.2 analyse,interpretandexplaintheirownandothers’
experimentalandinvestigativeactivities,usingICTandothermethods.
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Content
LearningOutcomes
3.2Analysis(cont.)
Studentsshouldbeableto:
3.2.3 showawarenessofthelimitationsofexperimentalmeasurementswhencommentingontrendsandpatternsinthedata;
3.2.4 drawvalidconclusionsbyapplyingknowledgeand
understandingofphysics;
3.3Evaluation 3.3.1 assessthereliabilityofdata,resultsandconclusionsdrawnfromthedata;
3.3.2 evaluatethemethodologyusedinandtheimpactof
theexperimentalactivity,anddemonstrateanappreciationoftheirlimitations;
3.3.3 calculatetheabsoluteandpercentageuncertaintyinaquantity;
3.4Refinement 3.4.1 suggestimprovedeffectiveandsafeprocedures,afterconsideringquantitativeandqualitativemethods;
3.4.2 modifyproceduresinresponsetoserioussourcesofsystematicandrandomerrorinordertogenerateresultsthatareasaccurateandreliableastheapparatusallows;and
3.5Communication
3.5.1 communicateobservations,measurements,resultsandconclusionsinanappropriateandeffectivemanner.
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3.4 Unit A2 1: Deformation of Solids, Thermal Physics, Circular Motion, Oscillations and Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Thisunit’scontentoncircularmotionandoscillationsextendsthemechanicsfoundationincludedinUnitAS1. Thermalphysicsconnectsthepropertiesofgasestothebasicprinciplesofkinetictheory.Thesectiononatomicandnuclearphysicshasimportantsocialandeconomicapplicationsandleadstoanintroductiontoparticlephysics.
Content LearningOutcomes
4.1Deformationofsolids
Studentsshouldbeableto:
4.1.1 stateHooke’slawanduseF=kxtosolvesimpleproblems;
4.1.2 demonstrateanunderstandingofthetermselastic
andplasticdeformationandelasticlimit;4.1.3 distinguishbetweenlimitofproportionalityand
elasticlimit;4.1.4 definestress,strainandtheYoungmodulus;
4.1.5 performanddescribeanexperimenttodetermine
theYoungmodulus;
4.1.6 usetheequationforstrainenergy,E=½Fx=½kx2;
4.1.7 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheimportanceofthestress,strainandYoungmodulusofamaterialwhenmakingdesignandeconomicdecisionsaboutmaterialsuse;
4.2Thermalphysics
4.2.1 describesimpleexperimentsonthebehaviourofgasestoshowthatpV=constantforafixedmassofgasatconstanttemperature,pTconstantforafixedmassofgasatconstantvolume,andVT=constantforafixedmassofgasatconstant
pressure,leadingtotheequationpVT=constant;
4.2.2 recallandusetheidealgasequationpV=nRT;and
4.2.3 recallandusetheidealgasequationintheformpV=NkT.
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Content LearningOutcomes
4.2Thermalphysics(cont.)
Studentsshouldbeableto:4.2.4 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheconceptof
internalenergyandtherandomdistributionofpotentialandkineticenergyamongmolecules;
4.2.5 usetheequationpV=
13 Nm<c2>;
4.2.6 usetheequationforaveragemolecularkinetic
energy,%&m<c2>='
&kT;
4.2.7 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheconceptofabsolutezerooftemperature;
4.2.8 performanddescribeanelectricalmethodfor
determiningspecificheatcapacity;
4.2.9 usetheequationQ=mc∆Ө;
4.3Uniformcircularmotion
4.3.1 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheconceptofangularvelocity;
4.3.2 recallandusetheequationv=rω;
4.3.3 applytherelationshipF=ma=mv2r tomotionina
circleatconstantspeed;
4.4Simpleharmonicmotion
4.4.1 definesimpleharmonicmotion(SHM)recallingtheequationsa=-ω2x, whereω=2πf;
4.4.2 performcalculationsusingtheequationx=Acosωt;4.4.3 investigateexperimentallyandgraphicallythe
motionofthesimplependulumandtheloadedspiralspring;
4.4.4 usetheequationsand;and
4.4.5 demonstrateanunderstandingofSHMgraphs,
includingmeasuringvelocityfromthegradientofadisplacement-timegraph.
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Content LearningOutcomes
4.4Simpleharmonicmotion(cont.)
Studentsshouldbeableto:
4.4.6 usethetermsfreevibrations,forcedvibrations,resonanceanddampinginthiscontext;
4.4.7 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheconceptsoflightdamping,over-dampingandcriticaldamping;
4.4.8 describemechanicalexamplesofresonanceand
damping;
4.5Thenucleus 4.5.1 describealpha-particlescatteringasevidenceoftheexistenceofatomicnuclei;
4.5.2 interpretthevariationofnuclearradiuswithnucleonnumber;
4.5.3 usetheequation toestimatethedensityof
nuclearmatter;
4.6Nucleardecay 4.6.1 demonstrateanunderstandingofhowthenatureofalphaparticles,betaparticlesandgammaradiationdeterminestheirpenetrationandrange;
4.6.2 calculatechangestonucleonnumberandproton
numberasaresultofemissions;4.6.3 demonstrateanunderstandingoftherandomand
exponentialnatureofradioactivedecay;4.6.4 usetheequationA=-λN,whereλisdefinedasthe
fractionpersecondofthedecayingatoms;4.6.5 usetheequation A = A0e-λt, whereAistheactivity;4.6.6 definehalf-life;
4.6.7 usetheequation;and
4.6.8 describeanexperimenttomeasurehalf-lifeofa
radioactivesource.
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Content LearningOutcomes
4.7Nuclearenergy
Studentsshouldbeableto:
4.7.1 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheequivalenceofmassandenergy;
4.7.2 recallandusetheequation E=Δmc2anddemonstrateanunderstandingthatitappliestoallenergychanges;
4.7.3 describehowthebindingenergypernucleonvarieswithmassnumber;
4.7.4 describetheprinciplesoffissionandfusionwithreferencetothebindingenergypernucleoncurve;
4.8Nuclearfissionandfusion
4.8.1 demonstrateanunderstandingofthetermschainreaction,criticalsize,moderators,controlrods,coolingsystemandreactorshielding,asusedindescribingafissionreactor;
4.8.2 demonstrateanunderstandingofthesocial,environmental,securityandeconomicissuessurroundingtheuseofnuclearpowerasasolutiontoafutureenergycrisis;
4.8.3 describetheITER(tokamakconcept)fusionreactorintermsoffuel,D-Treaction,temperaturerequired,plasma,threemethodsofplasmaheating,vacuumvessel,blanket,magneticconfinementofplasma,difficultiesofachievingfusiononapracticalterrestrialscale,andadvantagesanddisadvantagesoffusion;and
4.8.4 describethefollowingmethodsofplasmaconfinement:gravitational,inertialandmagnetic.
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3.5 Unit A2 2: Fields, Capacitors and Particle Physics Fieldisafundamentalareaofphysicsthathasnumerousapplicationsineverydaylife.Studentslearnaboutaction-at-a-distanceforcesthatarisebetweenbodiesthatareseparatedfromoneanother.
Content LearningOutcomes
5.1 Forcefields Studentsshouldbeableto:
5.1.1 explaintheconceptofafieldofforce,usingfieldlinestodescribethefield,indicateitsdirectionandshowthefieldstrength;
5.2 Gravitationalfields
5.2.1 definegravitationalfieldstrength;5.2.2 recallandusetheequation;5.2.3 stateNewton’slawofuniversalgravitation;5.2.4 recallandusetheequationforthegravitationalforce
betweenpointmasses,F=GMmr² ;
5.2.5 recallandapplytheequationforgravitationalfield
strength,g=GMr²,andusethisequationtocalculate
themass,m;5.2.6 applyknowledgeofcircularmotiontoplanetaryand
satellitemotion;5.2.7 showthatthemathematicalformofKepler’sthirdlaw
(T2proportionalto r 3 )isconsistentwithNewton’slawofuniversalgravitation;
5.2.8 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheuniqueconditions
ofperiod,positionanddirectionofrotationrequiredofageostationarysatellite;
5.3 Electricfields
5.3.1 defineelectricfieldstrength;and
5.3.2 recallandusetheequationE=Fq.
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Content LearningOutcomes
5.3 Electricfields(cont.)
Studentsshouldbeableto:
5.3.3 stateCoulomb’slawfortheforcebetweenpointcharges;
5.3.4 recallandusetheequationfortheforcebetweentwopointcharges,
F= q1q2
4πƐ0r²= kq1q2
r² ,wherek=1
4πƐ0;
andε0 isthepermittivityofavacuum;
5.3.5 recallandusetheequationfortheelectricfield
strengthduetoapointcharge,
E= q4πƐ0r²
= kqr² ;
5.3.6 recallthatforauniformelectricfield,thefieldstrength
isconstant,andrecallandusetheequationE=Vd;
5.3.7 statethesimilaritiesanddifferencesingravitational
andelectricfields;
5.4 Capacitors 5.4.1 definecapacitance;
5.4.2 recallandusetheequationC=QV;
5.4.3 definetheunitofcapacitance,thefarad;
5.4.4 recallandusetheequation1
2QVoritsequivalentfor
calculatingtheenergyofachargedcapacitor;
5.4.5 recallandusetheequationsforcapacitorsinseriesandinparallel;
5.4.6 performanddescribeexperimentstodemonstratethe
chargeanddischargeofacapacitor;and
5.4.7 confirmtheexponentialnatureofcapacitordischargeusingVorIdischargecurves.
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Content LearningOutcomes
5.4 Capacitors(cont.)
Studentsshouldbeableto:
5.4.8 usetheequationsQ=Q0e-t/CR,V=V0e
-t/CRand I=I0e
-t/CR;
5.4.9 definetimeconstantandusetheequation τ= CR; 5.4.10 performanddescribeanexperimenttodeterminethe
timeconstantforR-Ccircuits;5.4.11 applyknowledgeandunderstandingoftimeconstants
andstoredenergytoelectronicflashgunsanddefibrillators;
5.5 Magneticfields
5.5.1 describetheshapeanddirectionofthemagneticfieldproducedbythecurrentinacoilofwireandalongstraightwire;
5.5.2 demonstrateanunderstandingthatthereisaforceon
acurrent-carryingconductorinaperpendicularmagneticfieldandbeabletopredictthedirectionoftheforce;
5.5.3 demonstrateanunderstandingthattheforces
producedonacurrent-carryingcoilinamagneticfieldistheprinciplebehindtheelectricmotor;
5.5.4 recallandusetheequationF=BIl;5.5.5 definemagneticfluxdensity;5.5.6 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheconceptsof
magneticfluxandmagneticfluxlinkage;5.5.7 recallandusetheequationsformagneticflux,
f=BA, andmagneticfluxlinkage,Nf =NBA; 5.5.8 state,useanddemonstrateexperimentallyFaraday’s
andLenz’slawsofelectromagneticinduction;
5.5.9 recallandcalculateaverageinducede.m.f.asrateofchangeoffluxlinkagewithtime;and
5.5.10 demonstrateanunderstandingofthesimplea.c.
generatorandusetheequationE=BANωsinωt.
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Content LearningOutcomes
5.5 Magneticfields(cont.)
Studentsshouldbeableto:
5.5.11 describehowatransformerworks;5.5.12 recallandusetheequation
fortransformers;
5.5.13 explainpowerlossesintransformersandtheadvantagesofhigh-voltagetransmissionofelectricity;
5.6 Deflectionofchargedparticlesinelectricandmagneticfields
5.6.1 demonstrateanunderstandingthatachargeinauniformelectricfieldexperiencesaforce;
5.6.2 recallandusetheequationF=qEtocalculatethe
magnitudeoftheforceanddeterminethedirectionoftheforce;
5.6.3 demonstrateanunderstandingthatamovingchargein
auniform,perpendicularmagneticfieldexperiencesaforce;
5.6.4 recallandusetheequationF=Bqvtocalculatethemagnitudeoftheforce,anddeterminethedirectionoftheforce;
5.7 Particleaccelerators
5.7.1 describethebasicprinciplesofoperationofasynchrotron;
5.7.2 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheconceptofa
relativisticmassincreaseasparticlesareacceleratedtowardsthespeedoflight;
5.7.3 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheconceptof
antimatterandthatitcanbeproducedusingthecollisionsofhigh-energyparticlesfromtheaccelerators;and
5.7.4 describetheprocessofannihilationintermsofphoton
emission,andconservationofcharge,energyandmomentum.
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Content LearningOutcomes
5.8 Fundamentalparticles
Studentsshouldbeableto:
5.8.1 explaintheconceptofafundamentalparticle;
5.8.2 identifythefourfundamentalforcesandtheirassociatedexchangeparticles;
5.8.3 classifyparticlesasgaugebosons,leptonsand
hadrons(mesonsandbaryons);
5.8.4 stateexamplesofeachclassofparticle;
5.8.5 describethestructureofhadronsintermsofquarks;
5.8.6 demonstrateanunderstandingoftheconceptofconservationof:- charge;- leptonnumber;and- baryonnumber;and
5.8.7 describeβ-decayintermsofthebasicquarkmodel.
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3.6 Unit A2 3: Practical Techniques and Data Analysis Inthisunit,studentsbuildontheessentialpracticaltechniques,includingimplementing,analysis,evaluation,designandcommunication.Notethatthelearningoutcomesinthissectionrelatetopracticaltechniquesandskillsratherthantodetailsofcontenttopics,asintherestofthisspecification.Inpracticalclasses,studentsshouldconsiderthehealthandsafetyaspectsoftheirwork.Thisincludes,butisnotlimitedto,theprocedures,techniques,apparatusandmaterialsemployedineveryactivity.
Content LearningOutcomes
6.1 Implementing Studentsshouldbeableto:
6.1.1 assembleanduseapparatuscorrectly,skilfullyandeffectivelywithfullregardforsafety;including:- springandtop-panbalances(mass);- rule,micrometerandcalipers(length);- graduatedcylinder(liquidvolume);- clockandstopwatch(time);- thermometerandsensor(temperature);- ammeter(electriccurrent);- voltmeter(potentialdifference);- multimeter(resistance,p.d.,current);and- protractor(angle);
(Note:digitalversionsoftheapparatusareacceptable)
6.1.2 useanddescribehowthecathoderayoscilloscope
(CRO)canbeusedtodeterminethevoltageandfrequency;
6.1.3 makeandrecordsufficientrelevant,reliableandvalid
observationsandmeasurementstotheappropriatedegreeofprecisionandaccuracy,usingdataloggerswheresuitable;
6.1.4 showfamiliaritywithbothanalogueanddigital
displays;
6.2 Analysis
6.2.1 presentworkappropriatelyinwritten,tabular,graphicalorotherforms;and
6.2.2 analyse,interpretandexplaintheirownandothers’
experimentalandinvestigativeactivities,usingICTandothermethods.
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Content LearningOutcomes
6.2Analysis (cont.)
Studentsshouldbeableto:
6.2.3 showawarenessofthelimitationsofexperimentalmeasurementswhencommentingontrendsandpatternsinthedata;
6.2.4 drawvalidconclusionsbyapplyingknowledgeandunderstandingofphysics;
6.3Evaluation
6.3.1 assessthereliabilityofdata,resultsandconclusionsdrawnfromthedata;
6.3.2 evaluateanddemonstrateanappreciationofthelimitationsofthemethodologyusedinandtheimpactoftheexperimentalactivity;
6.3.3 calculatetheabsoluteandpercentageuncertaintyinaquantity;
6.4Refinement 6.4.1 suggestimprovedeffectiveandsafeprocedures,afterconsideringquantitativeandqualitativemethods;
6.4.2 modifyproceduresinresponsetoserioussourcesofsystematicandrandomerrorinordertogenerateresultsthatareasaccurateandreliableastheapparatusallows;and
6.5Communication
6.5.1 communicateobservations,measurements,resultsandconclusionsinanappropriateandeffectivemanner.
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4 Scheme of Assessment 4.1 Assessment opportunities Eachunitisavailableforassessmentinsummereachyear.ItispossibletoresitindividualASandA2assessmentunitsonceandcountthebetterresultforeachunittowardsanASorAlevelqualification.Candidates’resultsforindividualassessmentunitscancounttowardsaqualificationuntilwewithdrawthespecification.4.2 Assessment objectives Therearethreeassessmentobjectives(AOs)forthisspecification.Candidatesmust:
AO1 • demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingofphysicsideas,processes,techniquesandprocedures;
AO2 • applyknowledgeandunderstandingofphysicsideas,processes,techniquesandprocedures:- inarangeoftheoreticalandpracticalcontexts;- whenhandlingqualitativeandquantitativedata;and- tosolvescientificproblems;and
AO3 • analyse,interpretandevaluatearangeofphysicsinformation,ideasandevidenceto:- makejudgementsandreachconclusions(includinginrelationtoissues);
- refinepracticaldesignandprocedures;and- make,recordandcommunicatereliableandvalidobservationsandmeasurementswithappropriateprecisionandaccuracy.
4.3 Assessment objective weightings ThetablebelowsetsouttheassessmentobjectiveweightingsforeachassessmentunitandtheoverallAlevelqualification:
PercentageAssessmentObjectiveWeightings
AO1 AO2 AO3 AS Alevel
AS1 6.8 6.8 2.4 16 16
AS2 6.8 6.8 2.4 16 16
AS3 1.6 2.4 4.0 8 8
A21 7.9 12.0 4.1 24
A22 7.9 12.0 4.1 24
A23 1.4 2.9 7.7 12
Total 32.4 42.9 24.7 40 100
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4.4 Quality of written communication InAlevelPhysics,candidatesmustdemonstratetheirqualityofwrittencommunication.Theyneedto:
• ensurethattextislegibleandthatspelling,punctuationandgrammarareaccuratesothatmeaningisclear;
• selectanduseaformandstyleofwritingthatsuittheirpurposeandcomplexsubjectmatter;and
• organiseinformationclearlyandcoherently,usingspecialistvocabularywhereappropriate.
QualityofwrittencommunicationisassessedinresponsestoquestionsandtasksthatrequireextendedwritinginanyoneormoreoftheA2units.4.5 Synoptic assessment at A2 TheA2assessmentunitsincludesomesynopticassessment,whichencouragescandidatestodeveloptheirunderstandingofthesubjectasawhole.InourGCEPhysics,synopticassessmentinvolves:
• buildingonmaterialfromtheASunits;• bringingtogetherandmakingconnectionsbetweenareasofknowledgeandskillsthattheyhaveexploredthroughoutthecourse;and
• applyingknowledgeandunderstandingofmorethanoneareatoaparticularsituationorcontext.
4.6 Higher order thinking skills TheA2assessmentunitsprovideopportunitiestodemonstratehigherorderthinkingskillsbyincorporating:
• lessstructuredquestions;• moredemandingevaluativetasks;and• questionsthatrequirecandidatestomakemoreconnectionsbetweensectionsofthespecification.
4.7 Reporting and grading Wereporttheresultsofindividualassessmentunitsonauniformmarkscalethatreflectstheassessmentweightingofeachunit.WeawardASqualificationsonafivegradescalefromAtoE,withAbeingthehighest.WeawardAlevelqualificationsonasixgradescalefromA*toE,withA*beingthehighest.Todeterminecandidates’grades,weaddtheuniformmarksobtainedinindividualassessmentunits.TobeawardedanA*,candidatesneedtoachieveagradeAontheirfullAlevelqualificationandatleast90percentofthemaximumuniformmarksavailablefortheA2units.IfcandidatesfailtoattainagradeE,wereporttheirresultsasunclassified(U).ThegradesweawardmatchthegradedescriptionsinSection5ofthisspecification.
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5 Grade Descriptions Gradedescriptionsareprovidedtogiveageneralindicationofthestandardsofachievementlikelytohavebeenshownbycandidatesawardedparticulargrades.Thedescriptionsmustbeinterpretedinrelationtothecontentinthespecification;theyarenotdesignedtodefinethatcontent.Thegradeawardeddependsinpracticeupontheextenttowhichthecandidatehasmettheassessmentobjectivesoverall.Shortcomingsinsomeaspectsofcandidates’performanceintheassessmentmaybebalancedbybetterperformancesinothers.TherequirementforallAlevelspecificationstoassesscandidates’qualityofwrittencommunicationwillbemetthroughallthreeassessmentobjectives.ASGradeDescriptions
Grade
Description
AS
GradeA
ForAO1,candidatescharacteristically:
• demonstrateknowledgeofmostprinciples,conceptsandfactsfromtheASunits;
• showunderstandingofmostprinciples,conceptsandfactsfromtheASunits;
• selectrelevantinformationfromtheASunits;and• organiseandpresentinformationclearlyinappropriateformsusingscientificterminology.
ForAO2,candidatescharacteristically:
• applyprinciplesandconceptsinfamiliarandnewcontextsinvolvingonlyafewstepsintheargument;
• describesignificanttrendsandpatternsshownbydatapresentedintabularorgraphicalform;
• explainandinterpretphenomenawithfewerrorsandpresentargumentsandevaluationsclearly;and
• carryoutstructuredcalculationswithfewerrorsanddemonstrategoodunderstandingoftheunderlyingrelationshipsbetweenphysicalquantities.
ForAO3,candidatescharacteristically:
• deviseandrefineexperimentalandinvestigativeactivities,selectingappropriatetechniques;
• demonstratesafeandskilfulpracticaltechniques;• makeobservationsandmeasurementswithappropriateprecisionandrecordthesemethodically;and
• interpret,explain,evaluateandcommunicatetheresultsoftheirownandothers’experimentalandinvestigativeactivities,inappropriatecontexts.
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Grade
Description
AS
GradeE
ForAO1,candidatescharacteristically:
• demonstrateknowledgeofsomeprinciplesandfactsfromtheASunits;
• showunderstandingofsomeprinciplesandfactsfromtheASunits;
• selectsomerelevantinformationfromtheASunits;and• presentinformationusingbasicterminologyfromtheASunits.
ForAO2,candidatescharacteristically:
• applyagivenprincipletomaterialpresentedinfamiliarorcloselyrelatedcontexts,involvingonlyafewstepsintheargument;
• describesometrendsorpatternsshownbydatapresentedintabularorgraphicalform;
• providebasicexplanationsandinterpretationsofsomephenomena,presentingverylimitedevaluations;and
• carryoutsomestepsincalculations.
ForAO3,candidatescharacteristically:
• deviseandrefinesomeaspectsofexperimentalandinvestigativeactivities;
• demonstratesafepracticaltechniques;• makeobservationsandmeasurements,andrecordthem;and
• interpret,explainandcommunicatesomeaspectsoftheresultsoftheirownandothers’experimentalandinvestigativeactivities,inappropriatecontexts.
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A2GradeDescriptions
Grade
Description
A2
GradeA
ForAO1,candidatescharacteristically:
• demonstratedetailedknowledgeofmostprinciples,conceptsandfactsfromthisspecification;
• showunderstandingofmostprinciples,conceptsandfactsfromthisspecification;
• selectrelevantinformationfromthisspecification;and• organiseandpresentinformationclearlyinappropriateformsusingscientificterminology.
ForAO2,candidatescharacteristically:
• applyprinciplesandconceptsinfamiliarandnewcontexts,involvingseveralstepsintheargument;
• describesignificanttrendsandpatternsshownbycomplexdatapresentedintabularorgraphicalform;
• interpretphenomenawithfewerrors,andpresentargumentsandevaluationsclearlyandlogically;
• carryoutextendedcalculations,withlittleornoguidance,anddemonstrategoodunderstandingoftheunderlyingrelationshipsbetweenphysicalquantities;
• selectawiderangeoffacts,principlesandconceptsfromthisspecification;and
• linktogetherappropriatefacts,principlesandconceptsfromdifferentareasofthisspecification.
ForAO3,candidatescharacteristically:
• deviseandplanexperimentalandinvestigativeactivities,selectingappropriatetechniques;
• demonstratesafeandskilfulpracticaltechniques;• makeobservationsandmeasurementswithappropriateprecisionandrecordthesemethodically;and
• interpret,explain,evaluateandcommunicatetheresultsoftheirownandothers’experimentalandinvestigativeactivities,inappropriatecontexts.
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Grade
Description
A2
GradeE
ForAO1,candidatescharacteristically:
• demonstrateknowledgeofsomeprinciplesandfactsfromthisspecification;
• showunderstandingofsomeprinciplesandfactsfromthisspecification;
• selectsomerelevantinformationfromthisspecification;and• presentinformationusingbasicterminologyfromthisspecification.
ForAO2,candidatescharacteristically:
• applygivenprinciplesorconceptsinfamiliarandnewcontexts,involvingafewstepsintheargument;
• describe,andprovidealimitedexplanationof,trendsorpatternsshownbycomplexdatapresentedintabularorgraphicalform;
• providebasicexplanationsandinterpretationsofsomephenomena,presentingverylimitedargumentsandevaluations;
• carryoutroutinecalculations,whereguidanceisgiven;• selectsomefacts,principlesandconceptsfromthisspecification;and
• linktogethersomefacts,principlesandconceptsfromdifferentareasofthisspecification.
ForAO3,candidatescharacteristically:
• deviseandplansomeaspectsofexperimentalandinvestigativeactivities;
• demonstratesafepracticaltechniques;• makeobservationsandmeasurementsandrecordthem;and• interpret,explainandcommunicatesomeaspectsoftheresultsoftheirownandothers’experimentalandinvestigativeactivities,inappropriatecontexts.
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6 Guidance on Practical Assessment 6.1 Setting the tasks Wesettheassessmenttasks.AS3AandA23Aeachinvolveapracticaltestthatwesendtocentresbeforethetestdate.ForbothAS3AandA23A,centreshavetheflexibilitytoregistertheircandidatesfordifferentsessionsonaprescribeddate.TheassessmentforUnitAS3involvestwopapers:AS3AandAS3B.AS3AAS3Ahasshorttasksthattestcandidates’abilitytocarryouttheexperimentscontainedinthespecification.Wetestcandidates’skillinmanipulatingtheapparatuslistedinthespecification. Wealsotesttheirabilitytotakeandrecordsufficientrelevantreadingspreciselyenoughtogivesufficientlyaccurateandreliableresults. Topreparefortheseshorttasks,teachersshouldensurethatcandidateshaveexperienceinmeasuringthebasicphysicalquantitiesofmass,length,time(includingthetimingofoscillations),potentialdifferenceandcurrentinawidevarietyofsituations. Notealsothatthelearningoutcomesrequirecandidatestohaveperformedcertainexperiments.AS3BAS3Bhasaseriesofquestionsthatrequirecandidatestoanalyseasetofresults,usegraphicalandothermethods,calculateuncertaintiesandevaluateandrefineexperimentalactivities.TheassessmentforUnitA23involvestwopapers:A23AandA23B.A23AA23AhastwopracticalexercisesthatarelongerandmorecomplexthanthoseinAS3A. Theytestskillsofimplementing,graphworkandanalysis.AsinUnitAS3,teacherscanpreparecandidatesforthetwopracticalexercisesbygivingthemexperienceinmeasuringphysicalquantitiesinanumberofexperiments.A23BThequestionsinA23BaresimilartothoseinAS3B,butwithlessemphasisongraphicalwork.ThispapermaytesttheuseofaCROasaninstrumenttomeasurevoltageanddeterminefrequency.Ifquestionsaresetinanunfamiliarcontext,therewillbesufficientguidanceonthenecessarytheory.6.2 Supervising the students DuringthepracticaltestsAS3AandA23A,thesupervisororinvigilatormust:
• supervisethegeneralprogressofthetesttoensureallapparatusperformsasrequired;and
• ensurethatcandidatesmoveonfromonetasktothenextatthecorrecttimes,asidentifiedintheApparatusandMaterialsList.
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6.3 Assessment conditions AS3AandA23Atakeplaceintheschoollaboratory.AS3BandA23Btakeplaceintheexaminationhall.6.4 Confidentiality Teachersandtechniciansmustensurethatinstructions,apparatusandmaterialslistsarekeptconfidential.ApparatusandMaterialsListandConfidentialInstructionsInAprilofeachyear,wewillsendcentresacopyoftheApparatusandMaterialsListandConfidentialInstructionsforbothAS3AandA23A.TheConfidentialInstructionsgivedetailedguidanceonsettingupandtestingtheapparatusandmaterialsforuseintheassessments.TeachersandtechniciansmustensurethatcandidateshavenoadvanceknowledgeoftheConfidentialInstructionsoroftheapparatusandmaterialsrequiredfortheassessments.Ifcandidatesundergoassessmentinmorethanonesession,teachersmustensurethatthosewhohavetakentheassessmentdonotmeetwiththosewhohaveyettotakeit.FinalapparatustestingAS3AandA23Apaperswillbemadeavailabletotheheadofdepartmenttwoworkingdaysbeforethetimetabledstartingtime.ThisgivesteachersandtechnicianstimetocarryoutafinaltesttoensurethattheresultsfromexperimentsfallwithintherangestatedintheConfidentialInstructions.AfterthepracticalassessmentsWhentheindividualexamsessionshavefinished,pleasereturntheAS3AandA23Apracticalscriptstogetherwiththecorrespondingadvicenotestotheexaminationsofficer(EO).Wewillcollectthesebythedayaftertheexamination.Ifwedon’t,pleasecontactusimmediatelytoarrangeanothertimeforcollection.Wherethecentrefindsthatacandidatemayhavebeendisadvantagedbecausetheapparatusdidnotfunctionasintended,thesupervisingteachersmustmakeareporttotheEO.TheEOwillforwardtheconfidentialreportontheissuetothecentresupportsectionatCCEAforspecialconsideration.Thesupervisingteachersmustidentifycandidatesbytheirexaminationnumber.
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7 Links and Support 7.1 Support Thefollowingresourcesareavailabletosupportthisspecification:
• ourPhysicsmicrositeatwww.ccea.org.uk• specimenassessmentmaterials.Wealsointendtoprovide:
• pastpapersandmarkschemes;• ChiefExaminer’sreports;• factfiles;• schemesofwork;• centresupportvisits;• supportdaysforteachers;• bridgingresourceformathematics;• aresourcelist;and• exemplificationofstandards.7.2 Curriculum objectives ThisspecificationsupportscentrestobuildonthebroaderNorthernIrelandCurriculumobjectivestodeveloptheyoungperson:
• asanindividual;• asacontributortosociety;and• asacontributortotheeconomyandenvironment.ItcancontributetomeetingtherequirementsoftheNorthernIrelandEntitlementFrameworkatpost-16andtheprovisionofabroadandbalancedcurriculum.Curriculum Progression from Key Stage 4 ThisspecificationbuildsonlearningfromKeyStage4andgivesstudentsopportunitiestodeveloptheirsubjectknowledgeandunderstandingfurther.StudentswillalsohaveopportunitiestocontinuetodeveloptheCross-CurricularSkillsandtheThinkingSkillsandPersonalCapabilitiesshownbelow.Theextentofthisdevelopmentdependsontheteachingandlearningmethodologytheteacheruses. Cross-CurricularSkills• Communication:- TalkingandListening- Reading- Writing
• UsingMathematics• UsingICT
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ThinkingSkillsandPersonalCapabilities• ProblemSolving• WorkingwithOthers• Self-Management Forfurtherguidanceontheskillsandcapabilitiesinthissubject,pleaserefertothesupportingschemesofwork.7.3 Examination entries EntrycodesforthissubjectanddetailsonhowtomakeentriesareavailableonourQualificationsAdministrationHandbookmicrosite,whichyoucanaccessatwww.ccea.org.ukAlternatively,youcantelephoneourExaminationEntries,ResultsandCertificationteamusingthecontactdetailsprovided.7.4 Equality and inclusion Wehaveconsideredtherequirementsofequalitylegislationindevelopingthisspecificationanddesignedittobeasfreeaspossiblefromethnic,gender,religious,politicalandotherformsofbias.GCEqualificationsoftenrequiretheassessmentofabroadrangeofcompetences.Thisisbecausetheyaregeneralqualificationsthatpreparestudentsforawiderangeofoccupationsandhigherlevelcourses.Duringthedevelopmentprocess,anexternalequalitypanelreviewedthespecificationtoidentifyanypotentialbarrierstoequalityandinclusion.Whereappropriate,wehaveconsideredmeasurestosupportaccessandmitigatebarriers.Wecanmakereasonableadjustmentsforstudentswithdisabilitiestoreducebarrierstoaccessingassessments.Forthisreason,veryfewstudentswillhaveacompletebarriertoanypartoftheassessment.Itisimportanttonotethatwhereaccessarrangementsarepermitted,theymustnotbeusedinanywaythatunderminestheintegrityoftheassessment.YoucanfindinformationonreasonableadjustmentsintheJointCouncilforQualificationsdocumentAccessArrangementsandReasonableAdjustments:GeneralandVocationalQualifications,availableatwww.jcq.org.ukInpracticalclasses,studentsshouldconsiderthehealthandsafetyaspectsoftheirwork.Thisincludes,butisnotlimitedto,theprocedures,techniques,apparatusandmaterialsemployedineveryactivity.
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7.5 Contact details Ifyouhaveanyqueriesaboutthisspecification,pleasecontacttherelevantCCEAstaffmemberordepartment:
• SpecificationSupportOfficer:NualaTierney(telephone:(028)90261200extension2292,email:[email protected])
• SubjectOfficer:GavinGray(telephone:(028)90261200,extension2270,email:[email protected])
• ExaminationEntries,ResultsandCertification(telephone:(028)90261262,email:[email protected])
• ExaminerRecruitment(telephone:(028)90261243,email:[email protected])
• Distribution(telephone:(028)90261242,email:[email protected])
• SupportEventsAdministration(telephone:(028)90261401,email:[email protected])
• InformationSection(includingFreedomofInformationrequests)(telephone:(028)90261200,email:[email protected])
• Moderation(telephone:(028)90261200,extension2236,email:[email protected])
• BusinessAssurance(ComplaintsandAppealsManager:HeatherClarke)(telephone:(028)90261244,email:[email protected]).
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Appendix 1 Mathematical content MaterialinboldtypeisforA2modulesonly.MC1 Arithmeticandnumericalcomputation
Studentsshouldbeableto:(a) recogniseanduseexpressionsindecimalandstandardform;(b) useratios,fractionsandpercentages;(c) usecalculatorstofindandusepower,exponentialandlogarithmic
functions;and(d) usecalculatorstohandlesinx,cosxandtanx,whenxisexpressedin
degreesorradians.
MC2 HandlingdataStudentsshouldbeableto:(a) showanawarenessoftheorderofmagnitudeofphysical
quantitiesandmakeorderofmagnitudecalculations;(b) useanappropriatenumberofsignificantfigures;and(c) findarithmeticmeans.
MC3 Algebra
Studentsshouldbeableto:(a) understandandusethesymbols=,<,<<,>>,>,α,and≈;(b) changethesubjectofanequation;(c) substitutenumericalvaluesintoalgebraicequationsusingappropriate
unitsforphysicalquantities;and(d) solvesimplealgebraicequations.
MC4 Graphs
Studentsshouldbeableto:(a) translateinformationbetweengraphical,numericalandalgebraic
forms;(b) plottwovariablesfromexperimentalorotherdata;(c) understandthaty= mx+crepresentsalinearrelationship;(d) determinetheslopeandinterceptofalineargraph;(e) drawandusetheslopeofatangenttoacurveasameasureofrateof
change;(f) understandthepossiblephysicalsignificanceoftheareabetweena
curveandthex-axis,andbeabletocalculateitormeasureitbycountingsquares,asappropriate;
(g) uselogarithmicplotstotestexponentialandpowerlawvariations;and(h) sketchsimplefunctionsincluding
y= kx,y =kx2,y=
kx2
,y= sinx,y = cosx and y = e-x .
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MC5 GeometryandtrigonometryStudentsshouldbeableto:(a) calculateareasoftriangles;circumferencesandareasofcircles;and
surfaceareasandvolumesofrectangularblocks,cylindersandspheres;(b) usePythagoras’theoremandtheanglesumofatriangle;(c) usesin,cosandtaninphysicalproblems;and(d) understandtherelationshipbetweendegreesandradiansand
translatefromonetotheother.
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Appendix 2 Data and formulae sheet for Units AS 1 and AS 2 Values of constants speedoflightinavacuum c=3.00 × 108 ms-1
elementarycharge e= 1.60× 10-19C thePlanckconstant h= 6.63 × 10-34Jsmassofelectron me = 9.11 × 10-31kgmassofproton mp = 1.67 × 10-27kg accelerationoffreefallontheEarth’ssurface g= 9.81ms-2 electronvolt 1eV = 1.60 × 10-19JtheHubbleconstant H0»2.4×10-
18s-1
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Useful formulae Thefollowingequationsmaybeusefulinansweringsomeofthequestionsintheexamination.Mechanics
conservationofenergy ,foraconstantforceWaves two-sourceinterference λ=ay/ddiffractiongrating dsinӨ=nλLight
lensequation Electricity
terminalpotentialdifferenceV=E-Ir(e.m.f.,E;InternalResistance,r)potentialdivider Particlesandphotons
Einstein’sequation½mvmax2=hf-hf0
deBroglieequation Astronomy
redshift z= ∆λλ recessionspeed z= v
c Hubble’sLawv=H0d
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Appendix 3 Data and formulae sheet for Units A2 1 and A2 2 Values of constants speedoflightinavacuum c=3.00 × 108ms-1 permittivityofavacuum elementarycharge e=1.60×10-19CthePlanckconstant h=6.63×10-34Js(unified)atomicmassunit 1u=1.66×10-27kgmassofelectron me=9.11×10-31kgmassofproton mp=1.67×10-27kgmolargasconstant R=8.31JK-1mol-1
theAvogadroconstant NA=6.02×1023mol-1theBoltzmannconstant k=1.38×10-23JK-1gravitationalconstant G=6.67×10-11Nm2kg-2accelerationoffreefallontheEarth’ssurface g=9.81ms-2
electronvolt 1eV=1.60×10-19JtheHubbleconstant H0»2.4 × 10-18s-1
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Useful formulae Thefollowingequationsmaybeusefulinansweringsomeofthequestionsintheexamination.Mechanics
conservationofenergy ,foraconstantforceHooke’sLaw F=kx(springconstant)strainenergy E=½Fx=½kx2
Uniformcircularmotion
centripetalforce F=ma = mv²r
Simpleharmonicmotion
displacement x=Acosωt simplependulum loadedspiralspring Waves
two-sourceinterference λ=ay/ddiffractiongrating dsinӨ=nλThermalphysics
averagekineticenergyofamolecule%&m<c2>='
&kT
kinetictheorypV= 1
3Nm<c2>
thermalenergy Q= mcΔӨ
Capacitors
capacitorsinseries capacitorsinparallel
timeconstant τ=CR capacitordischargeQ=Q0e
-t/CRorV=V0e-t/CRorI=I0e
-t/CR
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Light
lensequation
Electricity
terminalpotentialdifference V=E-Ir(e.m.f.,E;InternalResistance,r)potentialdivider
a.c.generatorE=BANωsinωt Nuclearphysics
nuclearradius
radioactivedecay half-life Particlesandphotons
Einstein’sequation ½mvmax2 = hf- hf0
deBroglieequation Astronomy
redshift z= ∆$$
recessionspeed z= v
c Hubble’sLaw v=H0d
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Appendix 4 Experiments that the tasks for AS 3A are based on 1. Determinethedensityofasolidorliquid.2. Determinethevalueofanunknownmassusingtheprincipleofmoments.3. Determinethemassofauniformruleusingtheprincipleofmoments.4. Determinetheaccelerationoffreefallbymeansofafallingobjectandlight
gates.5. VerifythataαF.6. Verifythataα1/m.7. Verifytheconservationofmomentuminacollision.8. Investigatetheenergyexchangebetweenpotentialandkineticforafallingbody.9. Determinetheresistancebytheammeter–voltmetermethodandusinga
multimeterorohmmeter.10. Verifytherelationshipsforresistorsinseriesandinparallel.11. Determinetheresistivityofametal.12. DeterminetheI-Vcharacteristicofametallicconductoratconstanttemperature.13. DeterminetheI-Vcharacteristicofafilamentlamp.14. Determinetheresistance–temperaturecharacteristicofanegativetemperature
coefficient(ntc)thermistor.15. Determinethee.m.f.andinternalresistanceofabattery.16. VerifySnell’slaw.17. Determinetherefractiveindexofamaterial.18. Determinethecriticalangleofglassorperspexusingasemicircularblock.19. Determinethefocallengthofaconverginglens.20. Verifythatthemagnificationofarealimageisequaltotheratiooftheimage
distancetotheobjectdistance.21. Determinethespeedofsoundinairusingaresonancetube.22. Determinethewavelengthoflightusingadoubleslitandagrating.
Genericexperimentsmaybesettotestthedirectuseoftheapparatuslistedinthespecification.
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Summary of Changes since First Issue (Mostrecentchangesareindicatedinredonthelatestversion)RevisionHistoryNumber
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