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City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
City Center Las VegasResearch Project
UNLV School of ArchitectureAAE 481 Spring ‘13 Professor: Dr. Firas Al-Douri
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Research project
This is an in-depth analysis of City Center Las Vegas (CCLV) written and compiled by the students of Dr. Al-Douri’s AAE 481 Architecture Place and Identity course. Students discuss the relationship of City
Center to its immediate context and whether the appropriate materials and design decisions were made when taking the context into consideration. Sustainable design and construction, eco development,
technology, mathematics, color and texture, and computation in architecture are some other topics that enter the discussion.
In addition students compared City Center Las Vegas to multiple precedents that share the same goals and intentions. Each project’s location, concept, program, and functional requirements will be
discussed and critically analyzed. This becomes a study and discussion of mixed-use spaces, relationships to their context, user experience, and what determines the success and failure of projects within the same
category and scale.
UNLV School of ArchitectureAAE 481 Spring ‘13 Professor: Dr. Firas Al-Douri
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City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
Direction of Architecture and Architectural Response to Multidimensionality Design abstract Site and context Direction of architecture
Architectural Response to Multidimensional Requirements Contextual edge Sustainable design and sustainable construction Holism in architectural design Critical analysis
Precedent Analysis Gloucester Green Canal City Hakata Masdar City Centre Saadiyat Island Al Raha Beach Development Galaxy Soho Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development Regional Transformation, Technology and Eco-Culture Spectrum approaches Color and texture Ecodevelopment Technology
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Table of contents
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1. Direction of Architecture and Architectural Response
intro design abstract site & context direction of architecture
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin Suh
Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
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introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions
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CityCenter is an 18-million-square-foot resort, completed in December 2010
A remarkable collaboration of architects, artists, master planners, and interior designers: J.F. Finn, AIA, executive Architect for Gensler; Master planners Ehrenkrantz
Ekstut & Kuhn, Kohn Pedersen Fox
introduction.
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project abstract
Project scopeintroduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions
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$8.5 billion dollars
6,000 hotel rooms
2,400 condominiums
38 restaurants and bars
Convention center
Shopping mall
Cirque du Soleil theater
150,000-square-foot casino.
project scope.intro
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project abstract
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions
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Aria Resort & CasinoPelli Clarke Pelli Architects
towers.
Veer TowersHelmut Jahn
Towers
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project abstractintroduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions
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Mandarin Oriental Kohn Pedersen Fox
towers.
The Harmon Hotel (Property in Litigation)Foster + Partners
Towers
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design abstract
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions
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transportation and amenities.
Aria Express (formerly CityCenter Tram)
Gensler
CrystalsDaniel Libeskind
Transportation and amenities
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introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions
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CityCenterUS Forest Stewardship Council’s best commercial project of 2009
ARIA2- LEED Gold Certifications (Hotel & Convention Center)Green Key Eco-hospitality- 5 Keys distinction2- 2012 AAA Five Diamond hotel experiences: ARIA Resort & Casino and ARIA Sky SuitesARIA is currently the largest building in the world with LEED Gold statusForbes Four-Star Award
VDARALEED Gold Certified BuildingAAA Four Diamond Award winner (2012)Forbes Four-Star Award (2012)
VEERLEED Gold Certified BuildingAIA Chicago 2012 Distinguished Building Award
MANDARIN ORIENTALLEED Gold Certified BuildingAAA Five Diamond Award\3- Forbes Five-Star Awards (second consecutive year)
CRYSTALSLEED Gold Certified Building2010 Innovative Design in Engineering and Architecture with Structural Steel awards program (AISC)2011 ICSC Design And Development Award2012 VIVA “Best-of-the-Best” designation by the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)
professional awards.design abstract
Professional awards
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site & contextsite and context.
With diversity, art and entertainment serving as an urban context toward the design.
The owners and its partners of CityCenter took a gamble that people will flock to a resort
that offers contemporary architecture.
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introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions
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the direction in architecture.
designed by some of the most acclaimed architects of contemporary time
unique design; difficult to recognize the direction
buildings reference to the phenomenological context of the Strip
1
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions
10
direction of architecturethe direction in architecture.
designed by some of the most acclaimed architects of contemporary time
unique design; difficult to recognize the direction
buildings reference to the phenomenological context of the Strip
1
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions
10
13
direction of architecture
Unique character
own characteristics and having no reference or historical context for the most part
CCLV is architecturally unique
post-modernism/modern with an emphasis on sustainability
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unique character. project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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own characteristics and having no reference or historical context for the most part
CCLV is architecturally unique
post-modernism/modern with an emphasis on sustainability
2
unique character. project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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direction of architecture
Veer tower and Crystals
-Veer towers: metaphorical, symbolic and the “baroqueish” nature
-sustainable complex
-sustainable strategies lead all the towers to achieve LEED gold standard
veer towers and crystals.
VEER TOWERS
CRYSTALS-“hybrid and complex design forms, variable with surprises while merging conventional with abstract” -Thomas
-Crystals: the masses evoke the imagery of shards of crystals rising from the ground
project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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direction of architecture
Innovative approach
- change and exemplify the way the Las Vegas Strip had been realized in the past
- abandonment of themed-concepts
- goal to be vertical, dense, and sustainable
- innovative approach of inviting internationally renowned architects to design a modernist building
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innovative approach.introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions
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16
direction of architecture
the direction in architecture
ultimate goal: produce revenue.
attracts tourists and “high-rollers” who influenced the design
hotel rooms, casinos, condos, retail, dining, entertainment and leisure
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the direction in architecture.project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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- 6 LEED Gold Certifications
- natural-gas-fired plant that contributs to overall electricity use
- step forward in sustainability on the Strip
- place for social activity, culture, identity and security
- Niches for display of public art and pedestrian walkways
- sacrificed the density of the development
sustainablility and social interaction.
LEED
INTERACTION
project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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direction of architecture
Sustainability and Social interaction
- 6 LEED Gold Certifications
- natural-gas-fired plant that contributs to overall electricity use
- step forward in sustainability on the Strip
- place for social activity, culture, identity and security
- Niches for display of public art and pedestrian walkways
- sacrificed the density of the development
sustainablility and social interaction.
LEED
INTERACTION
project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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direction of architecture
Place and Identity
Thomas’ cultural needs have been incorporated
first true attempt in Las Vegas to create a sense of place and identity in a tourist populated area
modernist approach and attempt to dense mixed use development
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place and identity.project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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Thomas’ cultural needs have been incorporated
first true attempt in Las Vegas to create a sense of place and identity in a tourist populated area
modernist approach and attempt to dense mixed use development
5
place and identity.project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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direction of architecture
Mandarin Oriental and Vdara hotelmandarin oreitnal and vdara hotel.
- specific goals providing opened vistas natural daylight penetration comfortable active spaces
- residences, relaxing spas, and other
- modernist approach, a high-rise skeleton construction enveloped by a curtain wall
- simplification of form and absence of applied decoration
MANDARIN ORIENTALVDARA HOTEL
project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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direction of architecture
Interior modernist approachinterior modernist approach.
generous penetration of natural light
provide dramatic views
living spaces flow together as part of one contiguous interior space
creation of lifestyle
project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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direction of architecture
New vision in architecture
new vision in architecture
restore its integrity and elevate the qualities of the social environment
enhance the urban experience
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new vision in architecture.project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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Conclusionconclusion.project abstract site and context direction of architectureintroduction conclusion questions
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CityCenter is a city within a city that accommodated for a refined lifestyle, entertainment, and a
social space. CCLV had a specific goals including providing each guest with open vistas, natural
daylight penetration, and comfortable active spaces. The architects aimed at achieving architecture
that could restore its integrity in the eyes of the ordinary people and elevate the qualities of the
social environment to enhance the urban experience.
“Our buildings exemplify our belief that the arts of architecture and urbanism are inseparable; when
a structure is completed, the client has not only made a contribution to their future, but to the future
of a city as well.” -Paul Katz, principal of KPF
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2. Architectural Response to Multidimensional Requirements
contextual edge sustainable design & suatainable construction holism
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
Javier Barrera, Edrick Ferreras, Tyler Johnson, Kitty Slaughter
Eric Gross, Luz Olsen, Nasar Saghafi, Roland Santos Jr.
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contextual edge
las vegas strip.
Every casino is themed, designed to attract tourist’s attention
Each casino is designed as a separate entity in an effort to bring in larger revenue’s
With each casino vying for attention, each new casino must be bigger and better
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contextual edge
Surrounding context of city center
Ignores surrounding context, not incorporating any of the surrounding building’s elements
Although with the gambling industry CityCenter follows the context by not following the context
Instead of relying on outside influences, the project was designed to become only itself, nothing else incorporated
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contextual edge
Size
With a menagerie of buildings, this is the largest complex on the Strip
Follows the casino history by building bigger and better than everything around it
Complex
Multiple buildings, Designed for both Pedestrian
and Vehicular Traffic
Pedestrian: Crystals’
Vehicle: Vdara, Aria, Mandarin Oriental, Veer
Towers
Size & Complex
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contextual edge
Contextual edge
CityCenter was sensitive to the site and context
Neighborliness: height compared to its surroundings
Las Vegas strip is unique - Identity of Las Vegas deals with being different from others
CityCenter has no major theme
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contextual edge
Connecting CityCenter by transit with
the adjoining Bellagio and Monte
Carlo properties
Also shows its sensitivity to the site
and context,
Because it creates an even larger
setting that guests, and visitors can
experience by walking,
Without ever having to use their
automobiles or cabs to get to their
destinations
Architectural context
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Connection to Strip
Pedestrian Bridges
Separate people from traffic
Walkway at street edge
Vegetation keeps people from
traffic
People and Vehicle Interaction
Only a few spaces inside the
property boundary that create
interaction points
contextual edge
Pedestrian
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contextual edge
Interior emphasis
Interior Designed
Weather
With tourists not able to cope with the heat, the
interior becomes the most important space
Economics
With casinos wanting to make the most
revenue, the interior is the only place that
Exterior to Compliment the Interior
Advertising
Any advertising is created to attract people to
the interior of the building
All activities take place inside, not outside
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holism
Proportion and Human scale
Aria is the centerpiece of the whole project, and its proportion in comparison to the rest of the project is visibly larger, giving it higher sense of importance
Crystals’ retail and entertainment building is proportionally smaller the rest of the project because it responds more to the human scale
Subjectivity surrounds the idea of ideal proportions of a given structure
Two main objectives: to create pleasing aesthetics through harmonious proportion, and to create a sense
of order among the elements in a visual construction
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holism
Color and Texture
The facade of both buildings are distinguished by their pattern of blue horizontal stripes that articulate
each floor
The blue hue of the buildings evoke a soothing effect among individuals
The textures on the curtain walls of both structures are smooth and similar to one another, showing the
structures correlation to one another
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holism
Color and Texture
In the design of the Mandarin Oriental, the scale of
the buildings rooms are reflected in the horizontal
painted aluminum patterns on the façade
The texture of the building is also smooth, similar to
the Aria and Vdara
These sunscreens are also a golden hue, similar
to the Mandarin Oriental, showing an aesthetic
connection through color to the adjacent property
The sunscreens give the two towers a rough texture,
which is different from most of the buildings in the
project
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holism
Color and Texture
Crystals’ retail and entertainment structure is clad
in a unique reflective metal that changes as one
moves past it
The retail structures crystalline form, color, and
smooth texture allow the building to stand out on
the Las Vegas Strip as the gem of the city
Shades of blue in a fluctuating horizontal pattern
on the curtain wall of the building
Through its blue hue and smooth texture, the Har-
mon Hotel uses commonalities seen throughout
to CityCenter derive its aesthetic qualities
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holism
Contextual aesthetic analysis
The design of the Vdara and Aria were meant to complement nearby resort casino properties
The crescent-like shape is a common form found in other properties in the area
Additionally, within the Master Plan each of the distinct buildings that compose CityCenter responds to one
another in terms of aesthetics, through materiality and hierarchy of spaces
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sustanable construction & design
LEED design principles
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sustanable construction & design
Construction
Construction and demolition waste was almost entirely diverted from landfill, and construction waste was minimized
95% of all construction waste that would have ended up in landfills was recycled
During the construction process to reclaim water from the neighboring Monte Carlo Resort & Casino contributed to savings of 2.4-million gallons of potable water
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sustanable construction & design
Construction
Ventilation systemsCompletely sealed until installation
Protected dust, smoke and harmful par-ticles that were present on the construction site
Improved indoor air quality
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sustanable construction & design
Minimize resource consumption
Gasoline
A majority of the materials were purchased from local and regional vendors
Onsite concrete construction plant
By reducing the amount of shipping and transportation less gasoline is consumed
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sustanable construction & design
Maximize resource reuse
Boardwalk Hotel
85% of the materials were salvaged
for reuse
Doors, hardware, scrap steel, and
caret were resold
Tiles, concrete, and asphalt were
crushed and used as structural filler
Bathroom fixtures were packed in
old drapes and carpet and shipped
to Mexico
Construction Debris
95% of the construction waste was
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sustanable construction & design
Use renewable or Recyclable resources
More Reused Resources
To control the dust the workers sprayed the water repurposed from the Monte Carlo’s cooling tower
100% of Maya Lin’s Colorado River sculpture was made from reclaimed silver
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sustanable construction & design
Protect the natural environment
Water Conservation
With their current strategies in place the
complex saves around 50 million gallons of
water per year
They had specially designed fixtures made
because they were unhappy with what was
available in the market
The landscape uses 60% less water than
traditional landscapes because of the moisture
control sensors and drought tolerant plants
Groundwater
Due to the low amounts of waste going to the
landfill the groundwater has less potential to
become contaminated
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sustanable construction & design
Restore environments degraded by past activities
Forest Stewardship Council
Half of the wood needed for the design came from the FSC
They ensure that clear cutting is avoided, all laws are followed, and all ecosystems and
native species are protected
Sustainable Education
The MGM Mirage implemented several sustainable strategies into all of their Las Vegas properties and have reduced their energy consumption by 6%
They also taught 40,000 of their employees how to reduce their persona environmental impact
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sustanable construction & designCreate a healthy, non-toxic enviromenment
Working Conditions
During construction the workers had
designated site where they could smoke
This prevented any tobacco fumes from
being absorbed into the wallpaper and
carpets
Material Selection
All of the paints, sealants, adhesives,
carpets, and composite wood products
were chosen based on their ability to not
release toxic substances into the air after
the building becomes occupied
sustanable construction & design
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sustanable construction & designDesign / Sustainability
The high performance façades in each
tower
Specially coated low-emittance
insulating glass
Sunshades
Exterior features helped reduce the
heat transfer from the sun onto the
buildings
Reflective rooftops
sustanable construction & design
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sustanable construction & design
Design / Sustainability
Cooling method and its slot machines
Development of slot machine bases that
serve as floor air-conditioning units,
Efficiently cooling guests from the ground
up
Rather than wasting energy on empty
space by cooling from the ceiling
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sustanable construction & design
Respect the site
Site Manipulation
In the Strip of Las Vegas, maximizing
site manipulation is largely driven by
economics pressures, since the city
relies heavily on the taxes generated
by the gambling industry
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sustanable construction & design
Energy conservation
LEED Recognition
The natural gas co-generation plant
provides efficient electricity to the site
It also uses waste heat to provide
domestic hot water
CityCenter was designed with LEED
standards in mind since its conceptual
design
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sustanable construction & design
Program that respects the End User.
Programmatic Zones
The various buildings that compose
CityCenter had clear goals in mind
Makes use of residential, retail, wellness,
entertainment, and hospitality throughout
the complex
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ConclusionContext
Las Vegas is unique because it follows an industry context, not a visual context. Everything is different
which means everything is the same.
HolismThroughout the CityCenter project color and textural harmony are applied in the design of each
building to create a balanced architectural aesthetic.
SustainabilityCityCenter is successfully sustainable in certain aspects like using the radiant heat from the natural gas
plant to heat the water, but as a whole it was not very successful.
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3. Precedent Analysis(Case Study Analysis on Similar Projects)
Gloucester Green Canal City Hakata Masdar City Centre Saadiyat IslandAl Raha Beach Development Galaxy Soho Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
Yuri An, Adam Beck, Shirin Moqimi, Divina Arellano
52
Gloucester Green
by Kendrick Associates
Location: Oxford, England
Date: 1980
Project Type: Mix-Use
Goal: Architecturally there has been a clear
attempt to create a definite place within
the city, as a ‘stylish quarter’; a place for
locals.
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Gloucester Green
Living Conditions
Gloucester Green incorporates flats, shops,
restaurants, a bus station, and a large open
space.
pedestrian friendly
transport advantage
Las Vegas: Tourist City
Residents do not necessarily want to
live on the strip.
City Center is not the most accessible
for pedestrians
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Canal City Hakata
by Jerde Associates
Location: Fukuoka, Japan.
Date: 1996
Project Type: Mix-Use
Goal: “city within the city”
city of Fukuoka hardly visible, to create an
atmosphere like an oasis away from the rest
of the town.
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Canal City Hakata
Conditions
Canal City Hakata
a tourist attraction
pedestrian friendly
The nearby shops, boomed in market
City Center
wanted to be a world-class urban
gathering place for the city’s residents.
If it created better walk-able outdoor
spaces, better shopping experience,
variety of shopping prices.
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Masdar City Centre
by Laboratory for Visionary Architecture (LAVA)
Location: Masdar City about 17km from Abu
Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates
Project Type: Mix-Use
Goal: Designed to integrate sustainable
technology and modern architectural de-
sign in the worlds first eco city. The design in-
cludes a plaza, five-star hotel, a convention
center, entertainment complex, and retail
facilities
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Masdar City Centre
Performance
demonstrate the use and benefits of
sustainable technology in a modern
architectural environment.
Activation
to activate or operate the sustainable
technology in accordance with the
functional needs of this environment, 24
hours a day, and 365 days a year.
Interaction
To encourage and stimulate a social
dynamic where the life, values, ideals,
and vision of the population of Masdar
evolve
Design focused on 3 key points
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Masdar City Centre
The oasis of the future
“Masdar Plaza is “The Oasis of the Future”: a living, breathing, active, adaptive
environment; stimulated by the social interaction of people, and showcasing the
use and benefits of sustainable technology”
-LAVA
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Masdar City Centre
Sustainability
The Plaza is the social center Masdar, with 24 hour access to all public facilities.
Interactive, heat sensitive technology activates low intensity lighting in response to pedestrian traffic.
Photovoltaic technology used throughout the design for energy collection.
Roof gardens integrate food production, energy generation, water efficiency, and reuse of organic food
waste.
Water features can be stored underground during the day and function at night, triggered by pedestri-
ans that approach.
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Masdar City Centre
Sustainability
“Our aim is to provide the Abu Dhabi Energy Company with the lowest possible
carbon footprint, whilst maintaining the highest level of user experience within the
practical viability of affordable architecture.”
-LAVA
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Masdar City Centre
EnergyThe building uses a combination of aggressive
energy conservation techniques and the use of
renewable energy.
The design of the umbrellas in the plaza are
based off of sunflowers. They move throughout
the day to follow the sun across the sky and
provide the most efficient energy collection and
shading.
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Masdar City Centre
Circulation
No automobiles are permitted within the city walls.
Transportation is accomplished via walking, public mass transit, and personal rapid transit (PRT) systems.
This allows for a much more pedestrian friendly environment
63
Saadiyat Island
Master plan by Gensler with Buro Happold
Location: United Arab Emirates
Date: 2004-2020
Cost: $27 Billion
Project Type: Enclave City
Goal: Developing from an oil-based
economy, the United Arab Emirates
is reinventing the resort into a tourist-
based economy. The significance
of Saadiyat Island is that it acts as a
symbolic capitol and is defined as the
sum of cultural and social recognition.
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Masdar City Centre
Similar vision
Using Starchitects Hadid, Ando, Foster,
Gehry, and Nouvel, Saadiyat Island will
become the cultural center of UAE.
City Center Las Vegas becomes a
project that will literally reshape the
Las Vegas skyline and create a
new international destination for
entertainment, dining, nightlife, retail, art
and design.
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Al Raha Beach
Foster + Partners
Location: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Date: 2007
Project Type: Mix-Use
Goal: The project brings together a carefully
chosen mix of offices, apartments, hotel and
shops to encourage a constant pattern of
economic and social activity throughout the
day.
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Al Raha Beach
Sustainability
Al Raha Beach Development’s
design response to the climate and
topography evolved the building
through process of sophisticated
environmental computer analysis.
City Center includes complex
window glazing, building shades, and
light-colored rooftops reflect and
deflect intense desert sunlight.
67
Galaxy SOHO
Zaha Hadid Architects
Location: Beijing, China
Date: 2009-2012
Project Type: Mixed-use Commercial
Goal: the design concepts of the
project is to create an internal world
reflecting the theme of the Chinese
courtyard.
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Galaxy SOHO
Design Idea
Four main domed structures, fused together by
bridges and platforms between curving floor
plates to create a fluid environment that surrounds
a series of public courtyards and a larger central
“canyon”.
Parametric Design: The four volumes adapt to
each other in all directions to generate a pan-
oramic architecture without corners or abrupt
transitions.
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Galaxy SOHO
Similar Design Approach
Galaxy SOHO:
Courtyards create a space of easy flow and
easy orientation.
The interplay of light and shadow and of
closed and open space while moving within
the volumes.
CityCenter Las Vegas:
The courtyard aids to smooth public
circulation in regard for high-density
surroundings.
70
Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development
by Trahan Architects
Location: Zhengzhou, China
Date: Not build yet
Project Type: Mixed-Use
Goal: The concept is part of a broad scale master
plan for redeveloping Zhengzhou through ecologi-
cal and infrastructure development.
71
Implementing a two-part initiative: ecological
and infrastructural development.
Ecological development prioritizes the sur-
rounding natural resources, such as forest park.
The gaps between the towers and the podium
steps back from the street so that its planted
terraces can draw visitors up to a park-like inner
sanctum.
Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development
Design Idea
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Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development
Disadvantage in Design Approach
Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development:
Interior courtyards in each tower to bring natural
light inside the structure as a sustainable strategy.
CityCenter Las Vegas:
Lack of use of natural sources as interior lighting by
having enclosed buildings with a clear façade.
73
Conclusion
After reviewing all of our case studies we feel that overall CityCenter was a general success as it achieved
its goals of being the largest sustainable project of its kind, however, we feel that there was a lot of lost
potential to achieve much more in the sense of sustainability, efficiency, and social interaction.
74
4. Regional Transformation,Technology and Eco-Culture
Spectrum of Approaches Color and Texture Eco-Development Technology Mathematics, Connections in Architecture Computation in Architecture Critique
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
Melody Quihuis, Alberto Sanchez, Kyle Fischer, Thomas Maderick
Adrian Bouche, Thanh Le, Bryan Oxborrow, Levi Unruh
75
Spectrum of Approaches
Indirect vs Direct approach towards regional context
Uses unconventional forms to create its own identity
Each building has its own identity and is designed with an indirect approach towards the region.
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Spectrum of Approaches
Indirect approach
Crystals vs Conventional Las Vegas mall
77
Spectrum of Approaches
Regional Architecture and Identity
Can not be seen as a prime object of architecture
Project took a modern approach of design
Designed the project using a high density approach as opposed to other examples in the area
78
Color and Texture
Color and Texture
Harmonious Approach to create a sense of Unity
Unified expression of glass as a texture
Steering away from “Themed Structures”
79
Color & Texture
Public Art
The first major permanent collection of art in Las Vegas to be integrated into a public space
Big Edge
Nancy Rubins
Reclining connected forms
Henry MooreSilver state
Maya Lin
80
Color & Texture
Site Identity
“A City within a City”
Creates its own sense of place by
stepping away from typical themed
casinos
76 acre site is developed to be
sustained within itself
81
Eco-DevelopmentDecentralization
5 buildings vs. 1 large building
Communication from small firms and
contracts up
Eco- Development
82
Use of and maximization of local materials
80% reuse of Broadwalk Hotel
demolition material.
Stone cut from quarry 30 miles away.
Recycling and reclaiming water.
Using native desert vegetation.
Farms to table - local farmers.
Production of energy and material
onsite.
Eco- Development
83
Participation of local people
Participation of more than 200 firms, most being local
Helped firms start and expanded their business
Provided opportunity for new jobs
Had the highest diverse firm participation
Eco- Development
84
Eco- Development
Quality of life
A stringent indoor air quality plan
During construction, developers selected paints, sealants, adhesives, carpet and composite wood
products that do not contain toxic substances
The airflow in ARIA’s casino streams from the floor to the ceiling
85
Appropriate Technology
Central to ecodevelopment:
Decentralization
Cultural context and scale:
Large scale of mixed-use high rises
integrated with Gaming
Technology
86
Low in capital cost
10% saving on overall uses of energy
conservation
Used recycled material from Boardwalk
Hotel
Used reclaimed water from Monte Carlo
Resort & Casino for dust control
Use of local materials
Labor intensive
Intermediate TechnologyTechnology
87
Hybrid Technology
Integration of East and West (Do not promote eco-development):
Mandarin Oriental Las Vegas
Decentralized Policy and Practice
Technology
88
Information Technology
Monitor and controls building’s environmental performance
Slot machine bases ventilation for air-conditioning
Smart Controls in guest rooms
Technology
89
Technology
Technology Critique
Glass Curtain Walls = Lack of attention to REGIONAL CLIMATE
90
Connections in ArchitectureComplexity Theory
Complexity of program and organization
Mathematics
91
Optimization
Optimazation of sustainable practices,
mechanical system and resources
Mathematics
92
Connections in ArchitectureComplexity Theory
Surface properties include
Curvature
Double Curvature
Self intersection
Plane tetonics
Thiness
Mathematics
93
Computation in Architecture
Specifically Look at two projects and how they used algorithmic equations to determine form:
Veer Towers
Crystals
Computation
94
Veer Towers
Five degree shift in opposing directions for each
tower.
Goal for the project was to make it seem like
the towers were dancing.
Computation
95
Euclidean Geometry
Euclidean Geometry and the formula for
Statistical Stability in Time Reversal
Commonly used in determining structural
attributes for ribs and cross bracing in domes
and vaults
Rad
io W
ave
Theo
ry
Computation
Stru
ctur
al B
raci
ng
96
Connections in ArchitectureComplexity Theory
Although not clearly stated, Euclidean Geometry was most likely used to determine triangular forms
Computation
97
Adequacy and noveltyCritique
Environmental and climatic factors
Socio-economic factors
Cultural and regional identity
98
Charles Correa’s Multi-Dimensional Approach
Critique
Sustainable approach
Accessible to public transit
Economic and social development
99
Local cultural formsCritique
No specific cultural identity for Las Vegas
Collage of stand-alone themed structures
City Center, first major attempt at an “original” architectural cultural identity
100
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104
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
City Center Las VegasDirection of Architecture and Architectural Response
Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin SuhGroup 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
The End
UNNLV School of ArchitectureAAE 481 Spring ‘13 Professor: Dr. Firas Al-Douri
Assembled by: Burim Kalaveshi, Homayoun Zaryouni, Nicholas Inouye, Romy Ruaburo