+ All Categories
Home > Documents > CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

Date post: 05-Apr-2018
Category:
Upload: ekai-center
View: 224 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend

of 28

Transcript
  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    1/28

    Tmo BB@C9 e dobedolj cndrtvceg bmenho cn Ovlqo

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    2/28

    Blntontr

    Cntvldbtcln 5

    Bmeqtov 5 6Jvl` e qclnoovcnh qevtnovrmcq lj bleg end rtoog tl e `etvo cndrtvceg qlgcbs9 e :1-soev ilvnos

    Bmeqtov 6 :Qlgcbcor tl entcbcqeto hglfeg bmenho

    CntovzcoxrIlvho Qohedl Gcy BB@C qvorcdont 55Qetvcycl Qorbc BB@C bl-qvorcdont 56Hko Dencog Jvovcbmr OORB qvorcdont xmon tmo BB@C xer bvoetod 52Onvcbl Hcfoggcovc jcvrt bl-qvorcdont lj tmo BB@C 54

    Iebuor Hglvco} jlv`ov BB@C bl-qvorcdont 5?Illrt zen Covrog jlv`ov BB@C qvorcdont 5:

    Bmeqtov 2 5=Xochmcnh tmo fonojctr ejtov e dobedo

    BB@C lqcnclnr end voqlvtr 64

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    3/28

    Tmo

    BB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbme

    nhocnOuvlqo

    5

    CntvldubtclnCj sl evo vorqlnrcfgo jlv doegcnh xctm

    cndrtvceg qvlfgo`r' ct cr efrlgtogs no

    borrevs tl tegk tl tmo qolqgo ln tmo

    rqlt xml evo blnjvlntcnh voegcts.

    Qolqgo rqoek fottov eflt tmo crror

    tmos knlx. Sl es nlt egxesr ehvoo

    xctm tmo`' ft sl nood tl mezo

    tmocv cnqt rl er tl idho tmo ebtcln

    noodod tl c`qvlzo fltm tmo rqobcjcb

    end hglfeg rctetcln. Sl bennlt xlvk

    cn e zeb`' lv ln tmo fercr lj rtdcor

    lv errorr`ontr eglno. Sl nood tmo zlcbo

    lj voegcts.

    Tmo Blnrgtetczo Bl``crrcln ln Cndrtvceg Bmenho

    -BB@C# mer qvlzcdod tmet zlcbo. Tmo fort ozcdonbo lj ctrebmcozo`ont cr tmet ct cr rtcgg movo. Tmo tort lj rojgnorr

    cr tmo beqebcts' lzov e qovcld lj tc`o' tl vorqlnd tl xmet

    slv `o`fovr evo gllkcnh jlv.

    Ct xer e zovs jnde`onteg' end et tmo tc`o ucto vozlg

    tclnevs blnboqt' tl fvcnh tlhotmov qlgctcbeg etmlvctcor ln

    lno rcdo' end blnr`ovr' frcnorr' tvedo nclnr end ltmov

    lqovetlvr ln tmo ltmov. Tmcr blggobtczo ogo`ont xont foslndtmo tvedctclneg o`qglsovo`qglsoo vogetclnrmcq. Onefgcnh

    tmoro rtekomlgdovr tl fo cnzlgzod cn rtvetohs end qlgcbs

    `ekcnh cn tmcr xes' tmvlhm blggobtczo dcrbrrcln' dcd nlt

    o}crt fojlvo.

    Tmo jebt tmet tmcr zovs jevvoebmcnh qvlqlreg xlvkod rmlxod

    tmet egg tmo qevtcor jogt ct xer cn tmocv cntovortr tl qevtcbcqeto

    cn tmo dofeto. O}tondcnh tmo dceglho foslnd bleg end rtoogtl ltmov evoer xer bl``ln ronro.

    Tmo BB@C rmlgd mezo en c`qlvtent vlgo

    tl qges cn tmo O_ 6161 rtvetohs. Sl ben

    qgen ozovstmcnh' ft ct xcgg nlt xlvk

    ngorr tmovo cr e jve`o lj `cnd xmovo

    egg tmo qevtcbcqentr rook tmo fort blg

    gobtczo enrxovr tl tmo bmeggonhor

    blnjvlntcnh tmo`. Ioen @lnnot xer

    vchmt xmon mo recd sl bennlt mezo

    e blggobtczo qlgcbs cj sl dl nlt mezo

    e flds xmovo tmo dofeto ben teko

    qgebo; ft tmo dofeto ben lngs fo er

    hlld er tmo qolqgo xml qevtcbcqeto xent

    ct tl fo.

    Cn tmo jtvo' tmo BB@C jebor e fch bmeggonho.

    Ctr lfzclr tmet tmo bvcrcr mer bvoetod zovs rchncjcbent rlbclglhcbeg nvort. Qolqgo joog tmos mezo tl rjjov fobero lj e

    bvcrcr tmos dcd nlt bero. Tmovo cr e nood tl jcnd bl``ln

    hvlnd cn e zovs bl`qgo} rctetcln xmovo qolqgo evo jgg

    lj nbovtecnts end dcrretcrjebtcln.

    Tmo errorr`ont lj tmo rctetcln cr' njlvtnetogs' rtvechmt

    jlvxevd. Xmet xo dl eflt ct cr `lvo c`qlvtent. Tmo gebk

    lj tvrt cr rl`otmcnh xo mezo tl voebt tl. Tmo lngs xesm`en focnhr ben vortlvo tvrt cr fs xlvkcnh tlhotmov end

    onrvcnh egg qlcntr lj zcox evo tekon cntl ebblnt fojlvo

    dobcdcnh ln tmo xes jlvxevd.

    Zcrblnt Otconno DezchnlnJlv`ov Ovlqoen Bl``crrclnov lv Cndrtvceg Ejecvr

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    4/28

    6

    Tmo

    BB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbme

    nhocnOuvlqo

    Bmeqtov 5Jvl` e qclnoovcnh qevtnovrmcqlj bleg end rtoog tl e `etvocndrtvceg qlgcbs9 e :1-soev

    ilvnos

    Cn tmo fohcnncnh' tmovo xer tmo Ovlqoen

    Bleg end Rtoog Bl``ncts. Ortefgcrmod

    fs tmo Tvoets lj Qevcr cn 53?5' ct xer tmo

    jcvrt blnbvoto `encjortetcln lj tmo zcrcln lj

    e qoebojg end nctod Ovlqo' xmcbm xer

    getov tl fvcnh eflt tmo 53?8 Vl`o Tvoetcor

    end tmo bvoetcln lj tmo Ovlqoen Bl``ncts.

    Tmo Jvonbm Jlvochn @cncrtov Vlfovt Rbm`en' cn mcr

    je`lr dobgevetcln lj 3 @es 53?1' jcvrt qvlqlrod tmet

    JvenblHov`en bleg end rtoog qvldbtcln fo hlzovnod fse bl``ln Mchm Etmlvcts' tmr qgebcnh tmo `ecn vorlvbor

    rod tl xeho txl xlvgd xevr ndov ilcnt blntvlg.

    Tmo Mchm Etmlvcts xer tl fo errcrtod fs e Blnrgte

    tczo Bl``cttoo' `edo q lj qvldbovr' xlvkovr' end

    rovr cnbgdcnh votecgovr end dcrtvcftlvr xmcbm `ot

    jlv tmo jcvrt tc`o cn G}o`flvh cn Ienevs 53?2. Ft tmo

    OBRB Tvoets med e jcncto gcjorqen lj ?1 soevr. Cn tmo 5331r'e jcovbo dofeto fohen eflt tmo jtvo lj tmo Blnrgtetczo

    Bl``cttoo' xctm rl`o qolqgo vhcnh ctr oevgs eflgctcln.

    Cn tmo ond' ct xer blnjcv`od tmet tmo Bl``cttoor `endeto

    xlgd bl`o tl en ond cn 6116 megj e bontvs ejtov tmo

    Tvoets ontovod cntl jlvbo.

    Er tmo deto eqqvlebmod' tmo 51= `o`fovr xovo dotov

    `cnod tmet tmo o}qovconbo end knlxgodho ebb`getod lzov jczo dobedor rmlgd nlt fo glrt. Tmos eqqoegod

    tl tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln tl bvoeto e nox rtvbtvo tl

    blntcno tmo xlvk. Tmo Ovl

    qoen Oblnl`cb end Rlbceg

    Bl``cttoo -OORB# med

    egvoeds foon cn qgebo

    rcnbo 53?= er tmo flds

    voqvorontcnh bczcg rlbcots

    cnbgdcnh o`qglsovr

    end tvedo nclnr xctmcn

    tmo O_ cnrtcttclnr. Rl' cn

    @es 6111' ct xer glhcbeg jlv

    tmo Bl``crrcln tl tvn tl tmo

    OORB tl mogq jcnd e jlv`et tl kooq

    tmo hvlq cn o}crtonbo end ecntecn

    e rtvbtvod dceglho cn tmoro bvbceg

    cndrtvceg robtlvr. Tmo Blnbcg ljjcbceggs rqqlvtod ojjlvtr tl qvorovzo tmo bl``cttoor o}qovtcro.

    E nox qovrqobtczo

    Jgg cntohvetcln cntl tmo OORB xer nlt qlrrcfgo' rcnbo

    tmo `o`fovr xovo rogobtod cn dcjjovont xesr. Cndczcd

    egr ln tmo Blnrgtetczo Bl``cttoo dcd nlt mezo tmore`o ondlvro`ont jvl` netclneg hlzovn`ontr end tmo

    O_ Blnbcg tmet OORB `o`fovr voucvod. Blnrouontgs'

    cn Roqto`fov 6111' tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln crrod

    e Bl``ncbetcln qvlqlrcnh tmo bvoetcln lj e nox msfvcd

    flds. Ct dvox ettontcln tl tmo OBRBr ncuo o}qovc

    onbo nltefgs cn tmo jcogdr lj rlbceg blnronrr' cndrtvceg

    vortvbtvcnh end voroevbm' end beggod jlv e jcv`gs jtvo

    ferod qovrqobtczo jlv tmo nox bl``cttoo' xmcbm xlgdhvedeggs o}qend tl blzov egg erqobtr lj cndrtvceg bmenho

    cn tmo Ovlqoen _ncln.

    Vl`enl Qvldc voboczor tmo OBRB eh

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    5/28

    Tmo

    BB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbme

    nhocnOuvlqo

    2

    E ilcnt xlvkcnh qevts xer rot q tl o}e`cno tmo lqtclnr.

    Ln 5= Lbtlfov 6115' tmo gert qvorcdont lj tmo Blnrgtetczo

    Bl``cttoo' Ctegcen tvedo nclncrt Onvcbl Hcfoggcovc' xvlto jlv

    `eggs tl tmo tmon OORB qvorcdont Hko Jvovcbmr' cnjlv`cnh

    mc` tmet mcr `o`fovr med ebboqtod tmo nohltcetlvr qvlqlregr' end mlqcnh tmo qgen xlgd hl emoed er veqcdgs er

    qlrrcfgo' cn lvdov tl robvo jndr jlv 6116. Er e vorgt' tmo

    Blnbcg end tmo Ovlqoen Qevgce`ont xovo efgo tl ehvoo e

    rqqgo`ontevs fdhot jlv tmo OORB' tl onefgo ct tl `ecn

    tecn e rtvbtvod dceglho ln tmo fercr lj o}qovconbo cn tmo

    bleg end rtoog robtlv' end teko ln tmo bmeggonho lj cndrtvceg

    bmenho er qevt lj ctr qov`enont xlvk.

    End tmr tmo Blnrgtetczo Bl``crrcln ln Cndrtvceg

    Bmenho be`o cntl focnh knlxn tl tmcr des fs ctr Jvonbm

    ebvlns`9 BB@C -Bl``crrcln blnrgtetczo dor `tetclnr

    cndrtvcoggor#.

    Tmo jcneg rorrcln lj tmo OBRB Blnrgtetczo Bl``cttoo tllk

    qgebo cn G}o`flvh cn Ino 6116. Tmo jlgglxcnh `lntm'

    ln 62 Igs' tmo Tvoets jlv`eggs o}qcvod. Et e mendlzov bovo

    `lns cn Fvrrogr' tmo jgeh lj tmo Bleg end Rtoog Bl``ncts'

    xctm ctr xmcto rtevr ln devk end gchmt fgo febkhvlndr' xerglxovod end jlgdod. Onvcbl Hcfoggcovc qgebod ct cn tmo mendr

    lj tmo qvorcdont lj tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln' Vl`enl

    Qvldc.

    Ln 64 Lbtlfov 6116' tmo OORBr Qgonevs Erro`fgs jlv`eggs

    eqqvlzod tmo rottcnh q lj tmo Blnrgtetczo Bl``crrcln.

    Tortcnh tmo o}qovc`ont

    Tmo BB@C voqvorontr e nox kcnd lj `ldog jlv dceglho end

    dofeto fotxoon tmo dcjjovont ebtlvr cn Ovlqoen cndrtvs'

    xctm tmo ec` lj dvexcnh q o}qovt lqcnclnr xmcbm evo rf

    rouontgs edlqtod fs tmo jgg OORB. Tldes' ct cr `edo q lj

    4= OORB `o`fovr' end 4= dogohetor bl`cnh dcvobtgs jvl`

    dcjjovont cndrtvceg robtlvr end vogetod lvhencretclnr. Cn 6116'

    tmoro xovo tmo jlv`ov `o`fovr lj tmo Blnrgtetczo Bl``cttoo' cnzlgzod cn tmo bleg end rtoog cndrtvcor. Et tmet tc`o'

    tmovo xovo 64 OORB o`fovr end 21 dogohetor. Ft tmo BB@C

    mer hvlxn xctm oebm vlnd lj O_ ongevho`ont end' hczon

    tmo c`qlvtenbo lj cndrtvceg dozoglq`ont cn tmo noxov

    @o`fov Rtetor' e mchm qvlqlvtcln lj qevtcbcqentr bl`o jvl`

    tmoro blntvcor. Gcko tmo OORB `o`fovr' tmo dogohetor evo

    nlx dczcdod cntl tmvoo hvlqr9 o`qglsovr' o`qglsoor end

    zevclr cntovortr.

    Tmo nox BB@C tllk e xmcgo tl rottgo cntl ctr vlgo. Et jcvrt'

    rl`o lj tmo jlv`ov Blnrgtetczo Bl``cttoo `o`fovr xovo

    o}qobtcnh tl hl ln qovjlv`cnh tmo re`o terk er fojlvo'

    vohgetcnh tmo moezs bleg end rtoog cndrtvcor et tmo blvo

    lj tmo OBRBr `crrcln. Ft tmo goheg fercr jlv tmocv xlvk med

    bmenhod' end tmos nl glnhov med tmo qlxov lj tmo Mchm

    Etmlvcts fomcnd tmo`.

    Tmo vrt erro`fgs xmcbm ortefgcrmod tmo tvedctclnl qvlzcdcnh e dcvobt zlcbo lv cndrtvs zcrzcr

    Ovlqoen qlgcbs`ekovr xer tmo OBRB BlnrgtetczoBl``cttoo' xmcbm qvlzcdod e lv` lv tmo bleg endrtoog cndrtvcor. Tmo BB@C fcgdr ln tmcr o}qovconbo'qvlzcdcnh en c`qlvtent qlcnt l dceglho lv cndrtvsend qlgcbs`ekovr.

    Tmo qvlrqovcts l Ovlqo end ctr qolqgo crorrontceggs fcgt ln `enebtvcnh cndrtvs end ctrncuo zego bmecnr' l xmcbm tmo rtoog cndrtvs

    cr lno l tmo febkflnor. Tmo tvo l Ovlqodoqondr ln tmo rlnd nbtclncnh l ctr cndrtvcegzego bmecnr' er mer foon do`lnrtvetod fs tmonenbceg end oblnl`cb bvcrcr. Tmcr cr rl`otc`orlvhltton fs qlgcbs`ekovr. Tmo BB@C hczor re ncuo lqqlvtncts tl mogq `eko Ovlqoen qlgcbcorvchmt fs dogczovcnh edzcbo ln qlgcbcor eobtcnh tmodozoglq`ont l cndrtvs.

    Hlvdln @ljet' Dcvobtlv Honoveg'Ovlov Tmo Ovlqoen Rtoog Errlbcetcln

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    6/28

    4

    Tmo

    BB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbme

    nhocnOuvlqo

    Tmo OBRB xer e zovs c`qlvtent flds ct med tmo qlxov

    tl c`qlro gozcor ln bleg end rtoog qvldbovr' xmcbm qecd

    jlv vortvbtvcnh lj tmo robtlv' end en ed`cncrtvetcln

    tl `eneho ct. Egg tmet dcreqqoevod' vobeggr jlv`ov BB@C qvorc

    dont Illrt zen Covrog.

    O}tovneg bcvb`rtenbor xovo nlt oers' octmov. Tmo BB@C xer

    nlt knlxn' ozon xctmcn tmo OORB' end ebboqtenbo xer e

    gonhtms qvlborr. @ens tmlhmt cndrtvceg qlgcbs xer egvoeds

    blzovod fs tmo OORBr Rcnhgo @evkot' Qvldbtcln end Bln

    r`qtcln robtcln -CNT# end blgd nlt roo tmo fvoetmcnh

    rqebo jlv e nox flds.

    Ft tmo BB@C hvedeggs jlnd ctr qgebo. Ctr tmcvd `ootcnh cn

    6112 xer cn Dfgcn' xmovo cn 6115 tmo Ovlqoen Jlndetcln

    jlv tmo C`qvlzo`ont lj Gczcnh end Xlvkcnh Blndctclnr med

    rot q ctr lxn @lnctlvcnh Bontvo ln Bmenho -O@BB#. Tmo

    txl fldcor rtevtod tl bllvdcneto ebtczctcor' egtmlhm getov'

    tmo jcvrt BB@C qvorcdont Ilrgs Qcotto vohvottod dcjjcbgtcor cn

    `ecntecncnh end jlgglxcnh q ln tmoro vogetclnr.

    Ongevho`ont lzov tc`o

    Cn Ienevs 611?' jlgglxcnh O_ ongevho`ont' tmo BB@C `o`

    fovrmcq xer ljjcbceggs fvledonod tl fvcnh cn dogohetor jvl`

    tmo cndrtvcor ndovhlcnh bmenho. Lj tmo 4? dogohetor' lno

    tmcvd be`o jvl` tmo jlv`ov OBRB Blnrgtetczo Bl``cttoo'

    lnotmcvd jvl` tmo 51 nox @o`fov Rtetor' end tmo vort jvl`

    nox robtlvr cnbgdcnh to}tcgor' rovzcbor' rmcqfcgdcnh endetl`lfcgor. Dogohetor jvl` tmo OBRB Blnrgtetczo Bl`

    `cttoo rovr hvlq xovo rglxgs voqgebod fs voqvorontetczor

    lj zevclr cntovortr9 e gcrt lj vogozent lvhencretclnr gcko tmo

    Ovlqoen blnr`ovr flds FO_B' jlv o}e`qgo xer dvexn

    q end tmos xovo cnzctod tl teko qevt. Tmcr qvlborr bln

    tcnod cn 6151.

    Xmovoer tmo vlgo lj tmo rlbceg qevtnovr xlvkovr end `eneho`ont ln tmo BB@C xer rogjozcdont jvl` tmo ltrot'

    end fltm rcdor med en o}crtcnh bl``ct`ont tl dceglho'

    tmo voqvorontetczor lj zevclr cntovortr tllk e gcttgo glnhov

    tl jcnd tmocv qgebo. Ft cn 6151' tmo BB@C ogobtod ctr jcvrt

    qvorcdont jvl` tmcr hvlq' Ilvho Qohedl Gcy' end bczcg rlbcots

    lvhencretclnr xovo cnzctod tl nl`cneto tmocv lxn voqvo

    rontetczor dcvobtgs. Er e blnrouonbo' `lvo lj tmo` evonlx cnzlgzod cn qvlqlrcnh end dvejtcnh lqcnclnr' fvcnhcnh

    nox qovrqobtczor tl tmo BB@Cr xlvk end tekcnh ct cntl

    evoer ct mer nlt qvozclrgs o}qglvod.

    Ltrcdo tmo Ovlqoen cnrtcttclnr' tmo BB@C xer egrl enontcvogs nox ebtlv. Ft ctr lxn cnctcetczo lqcnclnr ln rqobcjcb

    robtlvr fohen tl evlro cntovort. Tmo qfgcb moevcnhr xctm

    Xmon C fobe`o e `o`fov l BB@C' lno soev ehl' ct

    xer lv `o e vrt blntebt xctm tmcr Bl``crrcln endC xer nlt exevo l tmo zert rblqo l tlqcbr tmet ctmer tl blzov. Egtmlhm cn tmo fohcnncnh' C xlndovodxmet blgd fo tmo eddod zego l `s qovrqobtczo `s ogd l o}qovtcro cr blnr`ov gex end qlgcbs C xer veqcdgs rtvbk fs tmo mchm vogozenbo l `ensl tmo lqcnclnr qvoqevod fs tmo Bl``crrcln lvblnr`ov xogevo.

    C ucbkgs rtevtod tl xcrm tl blntvcfto tl tmoblntont l tmo lqcnclnr. Mezcnh tl ebo tmorl`otc`or bl`qgcbetod qvlbodvor xctmcn tmoOORB' C blgd' mlxozov' blnt ln tmo kcnd o}cfcgctsl tmo `o`fovr end tmo dogohetor' er xogg er lntmo zovs ojbcont ezecgefcgcts end rqqlvt l tmorobvotevcet. C mlqo tl fo efgo tl bllqoveto oobtczogs cn tmo tvo xlvk l tmo BB@C' xctm e zcox lvecrcnh exevonorr tmet ens cndrtvceg dozoglq`ontqlgcbs noodr tl teko ebblnt l tmo blnr`ovqovrqobtczo cn lvdov tl fo rbborrg.

    @lncuo Hlsonr' Dcvobtlv Honoveg'

    FO_B Tmo Ovlqoen Blnr`ov Lvhencretcln

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    7/28

    Tmo

    BB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbme

    nhocnOuvlqo

    ?

    cndrtvs voqvorontetczor' mogd vohgevgs

    xmcgo lqcnclnr xovo focnh dvexn

    q' rtevtod tl ettvebt e xcdov edc

    onbo. Gcttgo fs gcttgo' tmo BB@C

    xln ebboqtenbo nlt foberoct xer tmovo' ft fobero ct

    dcd hlld xlvk.

    Er ct tllk cn dogohetor

    jvl` e fvledov venho

    lj robtlvr end ltmov

    cntovortod fldcor' tmo

    BB@C ozlgzod. Bleg end

    rtoog fobe`o cndczcdeg

    cndrtvcor gcko tmo ltmovr'

    ft tmo gorrlnr goevnt jvl`

    ?1 soevr lj rlbceg dceglho

    xovo nczovreggs vogozent.

    Dorqcto ctr f`qs rtevt' tmovo cr

    nlx en o}boggont vogetclnrmcq fotxoon

    BB@C `o`fovr end dogohetor' resr @v ZenCovrog. @lvo end `lvo OORB `o`fovr xent tl fo

    ln tmo BB@C' fobero ctr zovs cntovortcnh end ctr dsne`cb'

    xmcgo ct jlbror ln oblnl`cb qvlhvorr.

    Mlx ct xlvkr

    Tmo BB@C `ootr jczo tc`or e soev. Xmovoer OORB `o`fovrevo nl`cnetod end eqqlcntod fs netclneg hlzovn`ontr end

    tmo O_ Blnbcg' dogohetor evo `lvo cnjlv`eggs rogobtod' rl

    tmocv vchmtr evo dcjjovont. Tmo qvorcdont end tmo veqqlvtovr

    lj lqcnclnr `rt fo OORB `o`fovr' xmcgo tmo blqvorcdont

    end blveqqlvtovr bl`o jvl` tmo venkr lj tmo dogohetor.

    Dogohetor dl nlt teko qevt cn jlv`eg zltor ln lqcnclnr' ft

    mlgd en cnjlv`eg qlgg fojlvomend.

    Destldes dobcrclnr fotxoon `ootcnhr evo tekon fs tmo

    rc}`en fvoe bl`qvcrcnh qvorcdont Ilvho Qohedl Gcy'

    blqvorcdont Qetvcycl Qorbc' IebuorHglvco}' Onvcbl Hcfoggcovc' Illrt

    zen Covrog' end Bgedo Vlgcn.

    Tmo BB@C ctrogj rogobtr end

    o}e`cnor c`qlvtent tlqcbr'

    tmvlhm rtds hvlqr' tsq

    cbeggs lj rc} `o`fovr end rc}

    dogohetor' `ootcnh txcbo tl

    dvejt en lqcncln. Tmo eilvcts lj

    lqcnclnr nlx bl`o jvl` dogo

    hetor cnctcetczor. Egtmlhm tmos

    evo cdontcjcod er blveqqlvtovr'

    tmo veqqlvtovr vogs ln tmocv o}qovt

    cro' end ct cr tmcr blnbvoto knlxgodho

    tmet cr tmo BB@Cr ncuo roggcnh qlcnt.

    Oebm tc`o xo erk jlv cdoer xo hot et goert 5? zovshlld lnor' rl xo mezo tl bmllro' o}qgecnr @v Qohedl Gcy.

    Xo blgd dl `bm `lvo cj xo med `lvo tc`o. Tmo BB@C

    egrl vorqlndr' tmvlhm tmo OORB' tl vouortr jlv edzcbo jvl`

    tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln' Qevgce`ont end Blnbcg. Mo resr

    tmet tmo BB@Cr lqcnclnr evo nlx `etvo' end xogg ebboqtod

    fltm xctmcn tmo O_ cnrtcttclnr end foslnd.

    @v Hglvco} fogcozor tmo BB@C rmlgd fo dvexcnh q et goert5156 lqcnclnr e soev' tl `eko tmo fort ro lj ctr o}qovtcro.

    Jvtmov`lvo' xmovoer lngs eflt 41?1 lj tmo 51= `o`fovr

    lj tmo OBRB Blnrgtetczo Bl``cttoo ebtczogs qevtcbcqetod

    cn `ootcnhr' rl`o =1 / lj BB@C `o`fovr end dogohetor

    evo ebtczo. Tmetr `oencnhjg. Ct rmlxr qolqgo joog zovs

    cnzlgzod cn xmet tmos evo dlcnh. Xo mezo e zovs qvlebtczo

    xes lj xlvkcnh. Tmetr xms C e` blnjcdont jlv tmo jtvo'

    mo blnbgdor.

    Nox BB@C robtlvr cnbgdod rmcqfcgdcnh

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    8/28

    :

    Tmo

    BB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbme

    nhocnOuvlqo

    Bmeqtov 6Qlgcbcor tl entcbcqeto hglfegbmenho

    Tmo dozoglq`ont lj tmo Blnrgte

    tczo Bl``crrcln ln Cndrtvceg

    Bmenho lzov tmo gert 51 soevr cr

    e vojgobtcln lj tmo ozlgtcln lj

    cndrtvs end rovzcbor et fltm

    Ovlqoen end hglfeg gozogr.

    Tmo Tvoets ortefgcrmcnh tmo Ovl

    qoen Bleg end Rtoog Bl``ncts

    xer dvejtod cn tmo oevgs 53?1r' ft

    fs tmo ond lj tmo bontvs voegcts med

    ozlgzod. Tmoro txl robtlvr med foon

    qvltobtod jvl` tmo bl`qotctczo onzcvln`ont' ft xmon tmo Tvoets o}qcvod tmos

    med tl lqon q tl bl`qotctcln cn enltmov xes.

    Tmo qlgcbs lj rfrcdcrcnh robtlvr tmet blgd nlt rvzczo

    ln tmocv lxn xer efendlnod.

    Xmovoer tmo OBRB voqvorontod e rovclr ojjlvt tl qt bleg

    end rtoog qvldbtcln cn bl``ln end tl lzovbl`o netcln

    egcr`' tmvlhmlt tmo 61tm bontvs cndrtvceg qlgcbs cn ltmovrobtlvr vo`ecnod zovs netclnegcrtcb. Cn evoer gcko etl`lfcgor

    end to}tcgor' ct xer ferod ln rqqlvtcnh netclneg bme`qclnr.

    Ovlqo med tl `lzo tlxevdr e `lvo lqon end `ldovn

    cndrtvceg qlgcbs.

    Sot `ens lj tmlro xml xlvkod xctm fltm tmo OBRB end

    tmo jgodhgcnh BB@C tortcjs tl vogbtenbo e`lnh Ovlqoen

    goedovr et tmet tc`o tl tebkgo tmo crro.

    Et tmo rtevt lj tmo 65rt bontvs'

    er tmo BB@C fohen tl dozoglq

    ctr o}qovtcro cn cndczcdeg cndr

    tvceg robtlvr' ct ebucvod e nox

    etmlvcts efgo tl errorr tmo

    dorcvefcgcts lj vohgetcln end

    gohcrgetcln ln e berofsbero

    fercr' gcnkod tl rqobcjcb noodr

    end blndctclnr. Tmon cn 6114'

    blcnbcdcnh xctm _ncln ongevho

    `ont tl 51 nox blntvcor' e Ovl

    qoen Bl``crrcln Bl``ncbetcln

    beggcnh jlv e noxrtsgo cndrtvceg qlgcbsjlrtovcnh rtvbtveg bmenho cn en ongevhod

    Ovlqo zcndcbetod tmo BB@Cr eqqvlebm.

    E rtvlnh cndrtvceg fero vo`ecnr zcteggs c`qlvtent jlv

    e rbborrjg Ovlqoen oblnl`s' tl bvoeto ilfr' fllrt

    qvldbtczcts end jog cnnlzetcln' dobgevod O_ Ontovqvcro

    Bl``crrclnov Ovkkc Gcckenon. Lngs e jox soevr ehl rbm

    e rtvlnh ejjcv`etcln lj cndrtvsr vlgo end lj tmo vlgolj cndrtvceg qlgcbs xlgd mezo foon ntmcnkefgo. Cndr

    tvceg qlgcbs xer focnh xvctton ljj er e tmcnh lj tmo qert. Xo

    tmovojlvo nood tl xlvk xctm cndczcdeg robtlvr tl ndov

    rtend mlx lv qlgcbcor ejjobt tmo`.

    Tmovoejtov' tmo BB@C fohen tl dozoglq hlld vogetclnr

    xctm tmo Bl``crrcln' orqobceggs cn tmo evoer lj ontovqvcro'

    o`qgls`ont' cntovneg `evkot end voroevbm.

    Tmo BB@C o}e`cnod cndczcdeg cndrtvcor

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    9/28

    Tmo

    BB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbme

    nhocnOuvlqo

    8

    M`en beqcteg cn jcvrt qgebo

    Tmo BB@Cr vlgo cr tl gllk tl tmo jtvo. Ctr `endeto cnzlgzor

    entcbcqetcnh' qvoo`qtcnh end enegsrcnh dozoglq`ontr'

    rl er tl onrvo qlrctczo' bl``ln eqqvlebmor tl tmo `eneho`ont lj cndrtvceg bmenho jvl` en oblnl`cb' rlbceg'

    tovvctlvceg end onzcvln`onteg qlcnt lj zcox. Ct qvl`ltor

    bllvdcnetcln end blmovonbo cn Ovlqoen qlgcbs end ebtcln

    tmvlhmlt egg 68 @o`fov Rtetor' end ec`r tl kooq O_

    cndrtvcor bl`qotctczo xmcgo et tmo re`o tc`o onrvcnh

    dozoglq`ontr evo rlbceggs fonojcbceg lv et goert ebboqtefgo.

    Ct rtvorror tmo jnde`onteg c`qlvtenbo lj m`en beqcteg'

    end bvoetcnh tmo blndctclnr jlv cndrtvceg ebtczctcor tl jglvcrm.

    @v Qohedl Gcy dojcnor ctr tmvoo `ecn jnbtclnr er qvl`ltcnh

    tmo qvcnbcqgor lj tmo O_r jlndovr tmvlhm ctr lqcnclnr;

    `ootcnh tmo bmeggonho lj dozoglq`ontr rbm er hglfeg

    cretcln' rlbceg notxlvkcnh end nox xlvkcnh `otmldr;

    end entcbcqetcnh end qvoqevcnh jlv cndrtvceg bmenho end

    vortvbtvcnh. Mo r``evcror tmcr er9 goevncnh jvl` tmo qert'

    qvlebtczo lfrovzetcln lj tmo qvoront' end entcbcqetcnh tmo

    jtvo.

    Lno rtvend lj xlvk cr ln bvlrrrobtlveg tlqcbr tmet ejjobt

    egg robtlvr lj cndrtvs' rbm er odbetcln end tvecncnh.

    Jlv o}e`qgo' tmo BB@C qvldbod lqcnclnr ln CTrqqlvtod

    gcjoglnh goevncnh cn 611:' end ln etbmcnh rkcggr tl tmo noodr

    lj cndrtvs cn 6151. Lxn cnctcetczo bvlrrbttcnh lqcnclnr

    blzovod e xcdo venho lj crror cnbgdcnh hvoonmlro her

    o`crrclnr cn 611:' Ovlqoen onzcvln`onteg vgor end hglfegtvedo cntohvetcln end ltrlvbcnh cn 6118.

    Xmon tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln' Blnbcg' O_ Qvorcdonbs

    lv Qevgce`ont erkr tmo OORB jlv edzcbo ln en cndrtvceg

    qlgcbs crro' ct cr ljton tmo BB@C xmcbm dvexr q tmo dvejt'

    jlv eqqvlzeg fs tmo jgg Bl``cttoo. Tmcr xer tmo bero xctm

    tmvoo lqcnclnr ln tmo O_r Hglfegcretcln Edirt`ont Jnd'

    cn 611:' 6113 end 6155' jlv o}e`qgo' end ln jgo}cbvcts end

    vortvbtvcnh' cn 6113 -vojovvod fs tmo Rxodcrm Qvorcdonbs#.

    Tmo roblnd e}cr cr robtlveg qlgcbcor. Movo' tmo BB@C jlnd

    tmet jlbrcnh ln rqobcjcb cndrtvcor mogqod tl dvex cn vogo

    zent rtekomlgdovr' xml xentod tl mezo tmocv res' end tl

    bvoeto mlvcylnteg gcnkr fotxoon o`qglsovr' tvedo nclnr end

    ltmov hvlqr lvhencrcnh evlnd cndczcdeg tlqcbr.

    C zlgntoovod tl fobl`o e o`fov l BB@C foberoC xentod tl blntvcfto tmo qlcnt l zcox l tmoOvlqoen blnrtvbtcln cndrtvs Ovlqor gevhortcndrtvceg o`qglsov honovetcnh 51 / l HDQ tl tmoenegsrcr l tmo qert end tmo qvoqevetcln l tmo tvo.JCOB' tmo voblhncrod robtlveg rlbceg qevtnov ln tmoo`qglsovr rcdo' cr xogg oucqqod lv tmcr vlgo. Zce ctr22 netclneg `o`fov odovetclnr cn 68 blntvcor' ctcr ggs voqvorontetczo l bvetr`on' R@Or end gevhov`r' ebtczo cn egg fcgdcnh end bczcg onhcnoovcnhebtczctcor.

    Tmo blnrtvbtcln cndrtvs' xctm ctr uegcod

    xlvklvbo' cr efgo tl qvlzcdo rlgtclnr lv `lrt ltmo bvvont end tvo hglfeg bmeggonhor vogetod tlonovhs rezcnh' BL

    6vodbtcln' dobont mlrcnh lv

    cnvertvbtvo lv onovhs' dvcnkcnh xetov' xertoxetov'end tvenrqlvt.

    Cn eddctcln tl qvlzcdcnh e vcondgs et`lrqmovolv gczogs dcrbrrclnr e`lnh blggoehor' tmo BB@Cmer egrl foon e hlld lv` lv cntvldbcnh tmo

    blnrtvbtcln cndrtvsr zcoxr' cn qevtcbgev tl tmovoqlvtr ln tmo cntovnetclnegcretcln l R@Or endebborr l tmcvd blntvs rtetolxnod ontovqvcror tltmo O_ qvlbvo`ont `evkot. Jlv tmo tvo' C mlqotmet tmo BB@C ben rqond 511 / l ctr olvtr ln tmo`etovceg crror emoed end 1 / ln ed`cncrtvetczo endrtvbtveg crror.

    _gvcbm Qeotylgd' Dcvobtlv Honoveg'

    JCOB Tmo Ovlqoen Blnrtvbtcln Cndrtvs Jodovetcln

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    10/28

    =

    Tmo

    BB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbmenhocnOuvlqo

    Jvtmov`lvo' jebod xctm tmo tmvoet lj bmoeq geflv end

    qllv xlvkcnh blndctclnr ltrcdo Ovlqo ndovbttcnh end

    dortvlscnh `enjebtvcnh ilfr et ml`o' `eneho`ontr end

    xlvkovr fohen tl cdontcjs e bl``ln ono`s cn blntvcor

    gcko Bmcne' end tl ndovrtend tmo nood tl bllqoveto cn blnjvlntcnh tmo bmeggonho lj doglbetcln.

    Tmo nox cndrtvceg fettgojcogd

    Tmo bmenhor ejjobtcnh Ovlqoen cndrtvs mezo foon dve

    `etcb. Cn Fcgfel' cn Rqecn' tl teko irt lno o}e`qgo' tmvoo

    uevtovr lj ilfr cn rtoog end bleg med dcreqqoevod fs tmo ond

    lj tmo 61tm bontvs' tmvlxcnh tmlrendr lj qolqgo lt lj

    xlvk9 e qvlborr `cvvlvod ebvlrr tmo blntcnont.

    Hglfegcretcln bvoetod tmo dsne`cb jlv bl`qencor tl hl

    efvled lv vortvbtvo. Cn 611:' tmo BB@C qvldbod e kos

    voqlvt errorrcnh tmo robtlveg c`qebt lj voglbetcln. Tl deto'

    tmovo mer foon nl etto`qt fs qfgcb lv qvczeto cnrtcttclnr cn

    Ovlqo tl ndovteko e bl`qvomonrczo rvzos dodcbetodo}bgrczogs tl tmo crro lj voglbetcln jvl` e robtlveg qlcnt lj

    zcox' ct jlnd.

    Xo xovo et tmo jvlnt lj dozoglq`ontr' end tvs tl vo`ecn

    rl' blnjcv`r veqqlvtov @v Zen Covrog. Er tobmnlglhs end

    voroevbm fobe`o cnbvoercnhgs c`qlvtent' tmo BB@C jlbrod

    ln CBT end rovzcbor9 robtlvr xmovo Ovlqo xer gehhcnh

    fomcnd. Tmetr tmo nox fettgojcogd' xmovo xo nood tl kooq

    cn jvlnt lj Bmcne end Cndce' mo eddr. Xo evo `lvo rlqmcrtc

    betod tmen tmo`. Xo res tmet oblnl`cor `rt fo rrtecnod

    fs rovzcbor' ltmovxcro xo xcgg jegg fomcnd cn jczo tl 51 soevr.

    Tmo ehvcbgtveg zomcbgo tvedo ecv cn Flglhne

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    11/28

    Tmo

    BB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbmenhocnOuvlqo

    3

    Tmo rtvetohs cr xogg jlndod. Xo evo xlvkcnh bglrogs xctm tmo

    Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln end xo evo ln tmo vchmt tvebk.

    @v Hglvco} ehvoor. Doegcnh xctm bglrvo end doglbetcln `es

    roo` nohetczo' ft tmos o}crt' mo qlcntr lt. Et tmo re`otc`o' xo xent tl kooq tmo fvecnr cn Ovlqo. Xo knlx tmet

    Bmcne mer ctr lxn gc`ctr' end tmos xcgg rtcgg nood r. Tmovo evo

    e glt lj nox tobmnlglhcor ferod ln bleg' gcko bevfln beqtvo

    end rtlveho' jlv o}e`qgo' end Ovlqo cr ebtczo cn tmoro evoer.

    Ctr nlt egg eflt tmo qert.

    Cnjgonbcnh tmo O_ cnrtcttclnr

    Cn tvn' tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln fobe`o `lvo end

    `lvo ettontczo tl tmo dcjjovonbor fotxoon robtlvr' end tmo

    xes xlvkovr noodod tl bmenho tmocv ettctdor end rkcggr.

    Cn tmo Ovlqoen Qevgce`ont' tll' exevonorr lj robtlveg crror

    o}qendod' er tmo c`qebt lj tmo oblnl`cb bvcrcr `lzod @OQr

    ettontcln exes jvl` ovogs qerrcnh gohcrgetcln.

    Cnozctefgs' o}tondcnh tmo BB@Cr `endeto god tl e dofetoeflt xmet cndrtvs blzovr' xctm tmo hvlxcnh voegcretcln

    tmet e glnh gcrt lj rfiobtr ejjobt cndrtvceg dozoglq`ont'

    cnbgdcnh o`qgls`ont' rlbceg end rtvbtveg qlgcbs' ecd end

    bl`qotctcln vgor' voroevbm end tobmnlglhs' onzcvln`onteg

    end rrtecnefgo dozoglq`ont' onovhs qlgcbs end tvedo.

    Tmo BB@C egrl med tl blnjvlnt qvlfgo`r rbm er mlx tl

    eqqvlebm lzovgeqqcnh robtlvr blnbgdcnh tmet rl`o lzovgeqqcnh xer cnozctefgo. Xo tegk lvo end lvo eflt zego

    bmecnr' xmcbm evo fvoekcnh tmvlhm robtlvr end bvoetcnh

    e tlteggs nox qcbtvo' o}qgecnr @v Zen Covrog. Tmo cntovjebor

    fotxoon robtlvr bvoeto nox qmonl`one. Cn ojjobt' sl bent

    rqoek ens glnhov eflt rc`qgo robtlvr. Nlxedesr' gczcnh not

    xlvkr end qvldbtcln qgentr xctmcn gevho blvqlvetclnr evo

    bglrogs blnnobtod xctm cddgorcyod end r`eggov bl`qencor

    cn tmo rqqgs bmecn. Zego bmecnr evo rtvonhtmonod fs lt

    rlvbcnh end o}tovneg rqqgcovr.

    Cn en lqcncln ln Zego end rqqgs bmecn dozoglq`ont cn

    6118' tmo BB@C xevnod lj tmo o`ovhonbo lj e mlrt lj obl

    nl`cb' cndrtvceg end rlbceg crror cnbgdcnh' jlv o}e`qgo'

    ltrlvbcnh' o`qglsefcgcts' end vorkcggcnh' qvldbt gefog

    gcnh end lvchcn' [endP c`qebt ln tmo tvenrqlvt robtlv' endbeggod jlv e nox qlgcbs tlxevdr CCBr -cnctceg end cntov`odceto

    bl`qencor#.

    Cn tmo O_' `lvo tmen =? / lj jcv`r evo R@Or lv `cbvlontov

    qvcror. Tmovo cr e xcdorqvoed fogcoj tmet r`eggov bl`qencor

    evo tmo voeg tobmncbeg end tobmnlglhcbeg qclnoovr' end kos tl

    ilf bvoetcln. Xo evo zovs rtvlnh edzlbetor lj R@Or' end tmet

    cr nlx zovs qlqgev' resr @v Zen Covrog. Jlv o}e`qgo' cn tmo

    `ldovn bev' `ltlvr dl nlt `eko tmo voeg dcjjovonbo. Tmet cr

    roon cn tmo ogobtvlncbr' dorchn' end hedhotr. Tmo bev cndrtvs

    cr egrl e eilv bgcont jlv to}tcgor. Ozovs zomcbgo mer tmlrendr

    lj qevtr' end tmos evo nlt egg `obmencbeg.

    Cn `s lqcncln' e Ovlqoen cndrtvceg qlgcbs rmlgdcnzlgzo9

    E `eilv voroevbm olvt jlburod ln cnnlzetczo

    robtlvr; E qlgcbs lj cntovneg end qufgcb evkotr lvcontod

    tlxevdr tmo o`ovhonbo l Ovlqoen cndrtvceghvlqr;

    E mev`lncrod rbeg vohc`o onruvcnh te}

    ouegcts fotxoon bl`qencor' xmetozov tmocvrcyo;

    Tmo geunbm lj gevho cnjvertvubtuvo end

    dozoglq`ont qvliobtr' orqobceggs cn onovhs;

    E jecv end obcont odubetcln end tvecncnh

    rsrto` cn egg @o`fov Rtetor.

    Ilrgs Qcotto' Jcvrt Qvorcdont l tmo BB@C

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    12/28

    51

    Tmo

    BB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbmenhocnOuvlqo

    C`qgo`ontcnh tmo O_ 6161 rtvetohs

    Lno lj tmo BB@Cr bvvont qvclvctcor cr c`qvlzcnh tmo obl

    nl`cb' jcnenbceg end rlbceg onzcvln`ont' fettovod fs tmooblnl`cb bvcrcr' xctmcn tmo jve`oxlvk lj tmo O_ 6161

    rtvetohs. Fobero ct mer egvoeds jlbrod jlv 51 soevr ln

    cndrtvceg qlgcbs' xmcbm cr e `lvo vobont qvclvcts jlv tmo Ovl

    qoen Bl``crrcln' tmo BB@C mer en orqobceggs c`qlvtent vlgo

    cn ctr c`qgo`ontetcln.

    Xmon tmo Bl``crrcln genbmod tmo rtvetohs' ct cnzctod

    tmo OORBr lqcncln ln lno lj tmo rozon jgehrmcq cnctcetczor'

    jlbrod ln En cndrtvceg qlgcbs jlv tmo hglfegcretcln ove

    tl c`qvlzo tmo frcnorr onzcvln`ont' nltefgs jlv R@Or' end

    tl rqqlvt tmo dozoglq`ont lj e rtvlnh end rrtecnefgo

    cndrtvceg fero efgo tl bl`qoto hglfeggs. Cn @es 6155' tmo

    OORB edlqtod tmvoo dcjjovont lqcnclnr. En cndrtvceg qlgcbs

    jlv tmo hglfegcrod ove qttcnh bl`qotctczonorr end rrtecn

    efcgcts et bontvo rteho qvlqlrod tmo rtvoe`gcncnh lj O_ end

    fcgetoveg bllvdcnetcln' end jlv tmo Blnbcg end Bl``crrcln

    tl dvex q e rovcor lj qvclvctcor end tc`o jve`or.

    Tmo roblnd lqcncln' Tmo o}tovneg dc`onrcln lj Ovlqoen

    cndrtvceg qlgcbs cr tmo O_r tvedo qlgcbs voeggs tekcnh tmo

    cntovortr lj Ovlqoen cndrtvs cntl ebblnt

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    13/28

    Tmo

    BB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbmenhocnOuvlqo

    55

    CntovzcoxrIlvho Qohedl GcyBB@C qvorcdont

    Ln tmcr 51tm ennczovrevs' xo evo nlt

    gllkcnh et tmo qert' egtmlhm xo mezo tmo

    gorrlnr' end xo ro tmo`' resr tmo bv

    vont BB@C qvorcdont' Ilvho Qohedl Gcy'

    e jlv`ov `o`fov lj fltm tmo Ovlqoen

    end Qlvthoro qevgce`ontr.

    Mo cr egrl e gexsov end o}qovt ln bln

    r`ov qvltobtcln' xctm o}qovconbo cn dcj

    jovont robtlvr cnbgdcnh cnrvenbo' `odce

    end tlxn qgenncnh. Xo xent tmcr tl fo tmo

    `l`ont tl vojgobt ln xmet xo rmlgd dl cn

    tmo jtvo.

    Mo qesr tvcfto tl mcr qvodoborrlvr' xml er qvorcdontr

    end blqvorcdontr lzov tmo gert dobedo mezo xetbmod

    lzov tmo BB@Cr movcteho end ortefgcrmod ctr voqtetcln.

    Xo tvcod tl blntcno cn tmo re`o rqcvct er tmo Rbm`en

    Dobgevetcln9 edlqtcnh e rtoqfsrtoq eqqvlebm tl fcgdcnh

    Ovlqo.

    Tmo BB@Cr ec`r' mo eddr' evo tl onblveho ontovqvcror

    tl o}qend end `ldovncro' c`qvlzo xlvkcnh blndctclnr'

    qvl`lto tmo vetclneg ro lj netveg vorlvbor end dozoglq

    ouctefgo cntovnetclneg tvedo.

    Ft xo dlnt dl honoveg tmo`or. Cn oebm lqcncln xo

    eqqvlebm e zovs blnbvoto bero lv robtlv end ctr qvlfgo`r.

    Xo goezo tmo tmolvcor tl ebedo`cbr. End xo tvs tl hot

    er gevho e blnronrr er qlrrcfgo fotxoon dcjjovont hvlqr.

    Tmo bl`qlrctcln lj tmo BB@C cr zovs rqobceg.

    Megj tmo qevtcbcqentr evo dogohetor' xml

    `eko egg tmo dcjjovonbo' fobero tmos

    evo tmo dcvobt voqvorontetczor lj tmo

    rtekomlgdovr. Tmos bl`o jvl`

    cndrtvs end evo dcvobtgs cnzlgzod

    cn xlvkqgebor. Tmcr cr lv cnmov

    ctenbo jvl` tmo Ovlqoen Bleg

    end Rtoog Bl``ncts Blnrg

    tetczo Bl``cttoo' end tmo voeg

    eddod zego lj tmo BB@C.

    @v Qohedl Gcy qlcntr lt tmet mo

    cr tmo jcvrt BB@C qvorcdont tl bl`o

    jvl` e qvljorrclneg vetmov tmen en

    cndrtvceg febkhvlnd' end tl voqvorontblnr`ovr. Tmcr rs`flgcror tmo o}qenrcln lj

    tmo flds tl blzov e xcdov venho lj tlqcbr' cnbgdcnh

    R@Or' voroevbm end dozoglq`ont' onzcvln`onteg qvltob

    tcln' end `lvo. Jvtmov`lvo' ct mer fvlhmt cn e gevhov qvl

    qlvtcln lj xl`on9 jlv tmo jcvrt tc`o' e vobont BB@C lqcncln

    med e jo`ego veqqlvtov end blveqqlvtov.

    Xo egrl ongevhod lv nltcln lj cndrtvs' jlv o}e`qgo tlfenkcnh' bvoetczo xlvk end qfgcrmcnh' egtmlhm xo bln

    tcno tl gllk et moezs cndrtvcor' gcko rmcqsevdr' bleg `cnor

    end rtoog.

    Gcttgo fs gcttgo' er qvorcdont' C mezo bl`o tl ndovrtend tmo

    voeg zego lj tmo BB@C' xmcbm cr nlt zovs xogg knlxn fs ens

    OORB `o`fovr' mo blnbgdor. C e` zovs `bm cn jezlv

    lj kooqcnh tmo BB@C cn tmo Bl``cttoo end vocnjlvbcnh ctr

    qlxovr. C tmcnk xo rmlgd fo qvld lj ct.

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    14/28

    56

    TmoBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbmenhocnOuvlqo

    Ejtov 51 soevr' resr @v Qohedl Gcy' tmo BB@C cr et e tvncnh

    qlcnt. Tmet cr xms xo mezo foon erkcnh O_ cnrtcttclnr' rteko

    mlgdovr end @o`fov Rtetor tl rmevo xctm r tmocv o}qovc

    onbo end edzcro r ln tmo fort xes lj qvlboodcnh cn tmo

    jtvo. @s lfiobtczo' jlv tmo vort lj `s `endeto' cr tl blnzcnbo `s blggoehor tmet tmo BB@C cr noborrevs end rojg'

    end rmlgd fo rqqlvtod cn dlcnh ozon fottov xlvk.

    Qetvcycl Qorbc

    BB@C bl-qvorcdont

    Xmon C evvczod et tmo BB@C jlv tmo jcvrt

    tc`o C nltcbod tmos `edo zovs honoveg

    lqcnclnr' xmcbm dcdnt mezo e rtvlnh

    c`qebt ln tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln'

    vobeggr Qetvcycl Qorbc.

    E jlv`ov OORB `o`fov' mo mer foon

    e BB@C dogoheto rcnbo 611=' xctm `lvo

    tmen 6? soevr o}qovconbo xlvkcnh xctm tmoCtegcen o`qglsovr errlbcetcln Blnjcndrtvce

    cn Fvrrogr. Tmvlhm `s blntebtr cn cndrtvs'

    C rtevtod tl qvl`lto cnctcetczor cn cndczcdeg robtlvr

    tmet noodod rqqlvt.

    @v Qorbc fogcozor mo cr tmo lngs BB@C dogoheto nl`cn

    etod end rqlnrlvod fs tmvoo errlbcetclnr9 tmo Ovlqoen

    Blnjodovetcln lj Xlldxlvkcnh Cndrtvcor' Lvhegc`o -Ovlqoen Onhcnoovcnh Cndrtvcor Errlbcetcln#' end Ebo`fcko

    -Ovlqoen @ltlvfcko Cndrtvs#.

    Mcr o}qovconbo do`lnrtvetor tmo hvlxcnh rbborr lj tmo

    BB@C cn eddvorrcnh tmo qvlfgo`r jebcnh rqobcjcb cndrtvcor

    cn bvcrcr' orqobceggs xmon tc`od tl blcnbcdo xctm qfgcbetcln

    lj Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln qvlqlregr lv Bl``ncbetclnr.

    C vo`o`fov tmet et tmo fohcnncnh lj tmo 5331r' Ovlqor

    `ltlvbsbgo robtlv xer bl`qgotogs efendlnod fs tmo

    Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln' mo vobeggr. Tmos voegcrod ct blgd

    nlt bl`qoto xctm tmo bmeggonho jvl` Ieqenoro end ltmov

    `enjebtvovr' rl tmos erkod r tl `eko e rtds tl roo cj

    tmo cndrtvs blgd fo rezod. _q tl tmet tc`o' tmo BB@C med

    lngs jlbrod ln bev `enjebtvcnh. Txlxmoogovr xovo ezcteg robtlv' qvlzcdcnh o`qgls`ont cn `ens @o`fov Rtetor

    cnbgdcnh Ctegs' Qlgend end Vl`ence' qlcntr lt @v Qorbc.

    Ft ct med fch qvlfgo`r.

    Tmo ltbl`o xer e dlfgo rbborr. Tmo

    BB@C jcneggs eqqvlzod tmo lqcncln ln

    Cndrtvceg bmenho end qvlrqobtr

    jlv tmo `ltlvbsbgo cndrtvs cn

    Ovlqo cn Jofvevs 6151' qttcnh

    jlvxevd blnbvoto vobl``on

    detclnr jlv vozczcnh tmo robtlv

    tmvlhm tvecncnh' vortvbtvcnh

    end qevtnovrmcqr.

    Ft cn edzenbo lj tmet' cn

    Nlzo`fov 6113' e moevcnh tllk

    qgebo et tmo cntovnetclneg tvedo jecvcn @cgen tmo `lrt c`qlvtent `ltlv

    bsbgo tvedo ozont cn Ovlqo.

    Egg tmo ebtlvr xovo tmovo9 qevtr `enjebtvovr' tvedo

    nclnr' cntovnetclneg end tvedo qvorr xmon sl tevhot

    rbm en c`qlvtent ozont sl hot tmo voeg qvltehlncrtr'

    o}qgecnr @v Qorbc. Ct xer rl rbborrjg tmet tmo jlgglxcnh

    soev tmo lvhencrovr cnzctod `o tl bl`o febk end o}qgecn tmolqcncln cn jvlnt lj tmo re`o edconbo. Ct cr zovs c`qlvtent

    tl mezo jlgglxq. Ctr nl ro edlqtcnh lqcnclnr end goezcnh

    tmo` cn e dvexov.

    Er e blnrouonbo' tmo BB@C cnctcetod rc`cgev ebtcln cn ltmov

    robtlvr' cnbgdcnh ehvcbgtveg end blnrtvbtcln zomcbgor' end

    xlldxlvkcnh.

    Cn Eqvcg 6155' en lqcncln ln Ehvcbgtveg `ebmcnovs end

    blnrtvbtcln oucq`ont jlgglxod e moevcnh et tmo tvebtlv

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    15/28

    TmoBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbmenhocnOuvlqo

    52

    tvedo jecv cn Flglhne cn Nlzo`fov 6151. Ozon Bmcnoro

    `enjebtvovr xovo tmovo' end ct fobe`o bgoev tmet tmos

    xovo `ekcnh blqcor lj Ovlqoen `ldogr end roggcnh tmo`

    cn Ovlqo. Xo voegcrod tmet c`qlvt blntvlgr xovo nlt

    edoueto' o}qgecnr @v Qorbc.

    C e` zovs qvld lj tmoro cnctcetczor' mo blnbgdor. Ct cr

    c`qlvtent tl jlbr ln rqobcjcb evoer tl `oot tmo ebtlvr

    end cnzortcheto tmo qvlfgo`r. C bl`o jvl` e qvebtcbeg febk

    hvlnd' end C xent tmo BB@C tl fo qvebtcbeg tll.

    Hko Dencog JvovcbmrOORB qvorcdont xmon tmoBB@Cxerbvoetod

    Tmo blvo lj tmo blnboqt lj tmcr nox

    xlvkcnh flds cr tl blntcno tmo hvoet

    tvedctcln lj tmo oblnl`cb end rlbceg

    qevtnovr cnzlgzo`ont cn tmo fcgdcnh

    lj Ovlqo' recd tmo tmon OORB qvorcdont Hko Jvovcbmr cn 6116' et tmo

    genbm lj tmo BB@C.

    Er tmo `o`fovr lj tmo Blnrgtetczo Bl`

    `cttoo hetmovod tl bl``o`lveto tmo ond

    lj tmo Bleg end Rtoog Bl``ncts' @v Jvovcbmr

    errvod tmo` tmet er dogohetor cn tmo noxgs jlv`od

    BB@C' tmos xlgd blntcno tl fo cnzlgzod cn Ovlqoen qlgcbs`ekcnh. Ct xer e hvoet `l`ont jlv Ovlqoen ncts' mo

    vo`o`fovr.

    Ejtov 65 soevr er en OORB `o`fov' tmo jlv`ov frcnorr`en

    end Hov`en Fndorteh qevgce`ontevcen mer er `bm o}qovc

    onbo lj tmet qvcnbcqgo lj Ovlqoen bllqovetcln er ensflds.

    Irt er tmo O_ xer jlndod cn tmo xeko lj tmo Roblnd Xlvgd

    Xev' mo resr' tmo BB@C cr egrl e rs`flg lj qoebo.

    Bllqovetcln cr zcteg et egg gozogr9 oblnl`cb' rlbceg' cndrtvceg;

    fotxoon tvedo nclnr' o`qglsovr' end blnr`ovr. Tmos

    `rt xlvk tlhotmov tmet cr tmo lngs xes Ovlqo ben rv

    zczo end hvlx.

    Tmo bvoetcln lj tmo BB@C lqonod q nox ezonor9 jlv

    tmo jcvrt tc`o' en OORB xlvkcnh hvlq xer vorqlnrcfgo jlv

    dvexcnh q lqcnclnr er qevt lj e dcvobt rtvbtvod dceglho

    fotxoon OORB `o`fovr end voqvorontetczor lj robtlvr end

    cntovort hvlqr ejjobtod fs cndrtvceg bmenho. Tmcr egglxod

    tmo qvlfgo`r tl fo o}e`cnod cn egg tmocv bl`qgo}cts nlt

    lngs tmo oblnl`cb ltbl`o ft egrl tmo rlbceg end

    onzcvln`onteg c`qebt end rlgtclnr tl fo

    cnblvqlvetod cn tmo dobcrcln`ekcnh qvl

    borr lj tmo O_' mo o}qgecnr.

    Tmo `ecn qlcnt xer nlt lngs tl

    blnbontveto ln rtoog end bleg' ft

    ln tmo xmlgo cndrtvceg gendrbeqo.

    Xovo xo rbborrjg< Sor' efrl

    gtogs% Tmet cr vojgobtod cn tmo qvor

    onbo lj dogohetor jvl` tmo qeqovcndrtvs' bev `enjebtvcnh' jcrm

    ovcor' jlld' qlvtr end rmcqqcnh

    e fvled venho lj robtlvr.

    @v Jvovcbmr cr blnzcnbod tmet tmo BB@C

    mer e rtvlnh end qlrctczo cnjgonbo ln O_

    cndrtvceg qlgcbs jlv`etcln' egtmlhm tmovo evo

    rtcgg qvlfgo`r tl lzovbl`o.

    Lno rchncjcbent lfrtebgo cr qovrcrtont vczegvs fotxoon

    @o`fov Rtetor' qevtcbgevgs er O_ ongevho`ont mer fvlhmt

    cn nox netclneg cndrtvcor. Mo qlcntr tl e n`fov lj robtlvr'

    cnbgdcnh rmcqfcgdcnh end qlvt rovzcbor' xmovo cntovortr

    blnjgcbt.

    Xo `rt bllqoveto `lvo' cn lvdov tl jebo tmo bmeggonho

    jvl` blntvcor gcko Bmcne end tmo _RE' mo cnrcrtr. E Ovlqoen

    cndrtvceg qlgcbs cr nlt sot cn qgebo.

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    16/28

    54

    TmoBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbmenhocnOuvlqo

    Tmo BB@Cr `ecn `crrcln rmlgd fo tl jlrtov bllqovetcln'

    ft xo mezo nlt sot dlno onlhm tl hot tmcr qvlfgo` ndov

    blntvlg.

    Ft @v Jvovcbmr vo`ecnr lqtc`crtcb. Lno lj tmo BB@Cr `ecnrbborror mer foon tl jlrtov qevtnovrmcq fotxoon xlvkovr

    end o`qglsovr. Xo nood e rlbceg `evkot oblnl`s tmet

    tekor jgg ebblnt lj rlbceg erqobtr' mo o}qgecnr. Cndrtvceg

    qlgcbs cr e uortcln lj dortcns jlv Ovlqo. Xo dlnt xent tl

    irt fs. Xo nood tl qvldbo' cn lvdov tl bvoeto end kooq

    ilfr.

    Onvcbl Hcfoggcovc

    jcvrt bl-qvorcdont lj tmo BB@C

    Xctm e 41soev bevoov er e bmo`cbeg onhcn

    oov end o}qovt cn rtoog `enjebtvo et

    tmo Bontvl Rzcgqql @etovcegc -BR@#'

    Ctegsr ecn cndrtvceg etovcegr voroevbm

    bontvo' blqgod xctm e zlgntevs bl``ct`ont tl tmo Ctegcen' Ovlqoen end

    cntovnetclneg tvedo ncln `lzo`ontr'

    Onvcbl Hcfoggcovc mer nozov glrt mcr bglro

    gcnkr xctm tmo rmlq jgllv. C med tmo bmenbo

    tl bl`fcno tmo tobmncbeg end rlbceg erqobtr

    lj `s xlvk cn e xes tmet jox qolqgo ben dl'

    mo qlcntr lt.

    E `o`fov lj tmo OBRB Blnrgtetczo Bl``cttoo rcnbo tmo

    53=1r' end ctr gert qvorcdont cn 6116' mo xlvkod xctm jlv`ov

    Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln qvorcdont Vl`enl Qvldc tl bglro tmo

    bleg end rtoog tvoets end qezo tmo xes jlv e nox ozlgtcln

    cn O_ cndrtvceg qlgcbs`ekcnh. Mo vo`ecnr e `o`fov lj tmo

    rc}`en BB@C fvoe.

    Et tmo jcneg rorrcln lj tmo OBRB Blnrgtetczo Bl``cttoo cn

    G}o`flvh cn Ino 6116' @v Hcfoggcovc qecd tvcfto tl tmo

    6:6 `cnovr 52: lj tmo` Ctegcen xml dcod cn tmo Flcr d

    Beycov blggcovs jcvo cn @evbcnoggo' Foghc`' cn 53?:' end tl egg

    ltmov xlvkovr xml med glrt tmocv gczor cn Ovlqor cndrtvcor.

    Er xogg er rqqlvtcnh voroevbm' tmo ORBR Tvoets blntecnod

    qlxovjg rlbceg qvlzcrclnr ljjovcnh qvltobtcln end tvecncnhjlv xlvkovr' end mndvodr lj tmlrendr lj nox ml`or' mo

    vobeggr. Tmo qolqgo xml xvlto tmo Tvoets med e zcrcln ct

    xer nlt irt eflt bvoetcnh e rcnhgo `evkot.

    Tmo `endeto lj tmo nox BB@C xer tl teko tmcr gohebs

    end fvcnh ct q tl deto' end mo fogcozor ct mer rbboodod

    cn `ekcnh tmo tvenrctcln xmcgo qvorovzcnh megj e bontvs lj

    o}qovconbo. Xo mezo egvoeds qvldbod lzov 511 lqcnclnr'

    end tmos evo egg vogetod tl voeg crror. Ft ct mer

    nlt foon en oers terk.

    Tmo nox BB@C xer nlt c``odc

    etogs ebboqtod. Ctr dogohetor dcd

    nlt mezo tmo re`o rtetr er OORB

    `o`fovr end tmo BB@C rtcgg mer

    lngs jczo qgonevs rorrclnr e soev.

    Tmo `lrt c`qlvtent cnnlzetclnxer tmet xo cntvldbod tmo rob

    tlveg dc`onrcln' xctm dogohetor

    jvl` fltm tvedo nclnr end

    o`qglsovr.

    Qvozclrgs' xctmcn tmo `ecn Ovl

    qoen cndrtvceg robtlvr' tmo OORB xer

    qovboczod er e flds xlvkcnh ln honovegend tvenrzovreg crror end qlgcbcor' mo blntcnor.

    Tmet cr xms lv qlcnt lj zcox xer blnrcdovod tl fo zovs

    dcjjovont. Cn tmo fohcnncnh tmcr xer roon er e qvlfgo`' nlt

    en lqqlvtncts.

    Ft xo `edo c`qlvtent qvlhvorr end rtefcgcrod lv rtvb

    tvo. Nlx lv vlgo cr xcdogs eqqvobcetod' fltm cnrcdo end

    ltrcdo tmo OORB' end tmo BB@Cr lxn xlvk `edo tmcr fch

    bmenho qlrrcfgo.

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    17/28

    TmoBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbm

    enhocnOuvlqo

    5?

    Gllkcnh febk et tmo Ovlqoen Bleg end Rtoog Bl``ncts'

    @v Hcfoggcovc vobeggr tmet Ovlqo mer onilsod lzov :1 soevr lj

    qoebo. Xms dlor tmet `ettov< Tmo qolqgo xml rchnod tmet

    Tvoets knox tmet tmovo xovo lngs 61 soevr fotxoon tmo Jcvrt

    end Roblnd Xlvgd Xevr; end tmet xoeqlnr end onovhs xovo

    e`lnh tmo `ecn voerlnr blntvcor jlhmt. Vlfovt Rbm

    `enr cdoe lj qttcnh tmoro txl zcteg robtlvr tlhotmov xer

    rc`qgo ft ojjobtczo.

    Mo vobeggr rqoekcnh tl Vl`enl Qvldc ejtov tmo Ovlqoen

    Bl``crrcln crrod ctr jcvrt Bl``ncbetcln ln cndrtvceg

    bl`qotctczonorr cn Dobo`fov 6116. Tmo zovs des lj tmo

    qvorontetcln lj tmo Bl``ncbetcln cn Fvrrogr' mo recd

    tl `o9 Evo sl retcrjcod tmet xo evo rtevtcnh tl tegk efltcndrtvceg qlgcbs ehecn

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    18/28

    5:

    TmoBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbm

    enhocnOuvlqo

    robtclnr lj tmo OORB. Rl`o evo rl frs ctr mevd tl hot tmo`

    evlnd tmo tefgo. Tmr' lno lj mcr terkr cr tl fvcnh qolqgo

    tlhotmov.

    Tmo ojjlvt mer foon `lvo tmen xlvtm ct' mo fogcozor. Rtvb

    tveg dceglho cr fvcggcent9 ctr e blnrtvbtczo xes tl xlvk

    tlhotmov. Xo dlnt ehvoo ln qlrctclnr jvl` tc`o tl tc`o' ft

    dofeto tekor qgebo cn e qlrctczo `ennov. Tmo OBRB xer tmo

    fohcnncnh lj Ovlqo' end xmon ct ondod' ozovslno xlgd

    mezo foon red tl glro tmcr jlv` lj dceglho.

    Xmet C eqqvobceto cr tmo lqqlvtncts tl tegk tl qolqgo

    rlbceggs' ltrcdo tmo `ootcnh vll`r. Notxlvkcnh cr zovs

    c`qlvtent. Qolqgo hot tl knlx oebm ltmov fottov' end tmetmer bvoetod e zovs hlld rqcvct. Ct tllk tc`o' orqobceggs xctmcn

    tmo zevclr cntovortr hvlq' jlv qolqgo tl jcnd tmocv joot.

    Xo med tl dozoglq lv qvljorrclnegcr`. Ft C tmcnk xo mezo

    hecnod hlld ebboqtenbo end voblhnctcln. Xo tvs tl gllk

    emoed end roo xmet qvlfgo`r evo bl`cnh q' end onrvo

    tlqcbr evo vogozent tl tmo `endeto lj tmo BB@C' o}qgecnr @v

    Hglvco}. Ct cr `lvo ojjcbcont tl qvldbo en lqcncln xmon edobcrcln cr eflt tl fo tekon' end tmo Ovlqoen Bl``cr

    rcln mer bl`o tl voblhncro tmo BB@C er e zegefgo rlvbo

    lj knlxgodho.

    Mo xer qevt lj e dogohetcln tmet zcrctod Bmcne cn 6114. Xo

    med jentertcb blntebt xctm tmoro qolqgo end xovo zovs xogg

    voboczod' mo vo`o`fovr. Cn votvn' e Bmcnoro dogohetcln

    be`o tl Ovlqo' tl rtds cn qevtcbgev tmo xes vohclnr evovohonovetod ejtov `cno bglrvor.

    Xo mezo qgonts rtcgg tl ebmcozo' ed`ctr @v Hglvco}' cnbgdcnh

    jvtmov rtvonhtmoncnh gcnkr xctm tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln

    end Qevgce`ont' end `lnctlvcnh jlgglxq lj lqcnclnr. Ft

    mo roor tmo BB@C er tmo m`en rcdo lj tmo O_ tmet `es

    fo lno lj lv rtvonhtmr. Jlv o}e`qgo' ct tekor ebblnt lj tmo

    rlbceg erqobtr lj bglrvor end doglbetcln. End er fch ontov

    qvcror evo dcr`entgod' ct cr ozov `lvo c`qlvtent tl honoveto

    ilfr cn R@Or.

    @v Hglvco} fogcozor tmo BB@C dlor mezo cnjgonbo. Xo evo

    xlvkcnh ln tmet' end xo mezo med qlrctczo voebtclnr. Xo evo

    `lvo jgo}cfgo tmen ltmov O_ fldcor' end ro gorr fdhot. Xo

    mezo hvlxn `lvo ojjcbcont cn tmo gert jczo soevr' ft tmetr

    fobero xo med tl jchmt tl ebmcozo voblhnctcln. Nlx tmet

    xo mezo ct' ct r mogqcnh r tl mezo bglrov blntebt xctm qolqgo.

    C e` blnjcdont xo xcgg blntcno cn tmet dcvobtcln.

    Illrt zen Covrog

    jlv`ov BB@C qvorcdont

    Xo med e dcjjcbgt rtevt. Tmovo xer vorcrtenbo tlxevdr tmo

    BB@C xctmcn tmo OORB' fobero tmo hvlqr rex ct er e tmvoet.

    Illrt zen Covrog xer e Bmvcrtcen Do`lbvet @Q cn tmo Dtbm

    Qevgce`ont ntcg 5334. C xer zovs cntovortod cn cndrtvceg

    qlgcbs' end fs blcnbcdonbo s jcvrt OORB lqcncln xer ln tmcr

    tlqcb' egtmlhm C xer nlt e `o`fov lj tmo BB@C et tmo tc`o'

    mo resr. Mo dvox q tmo BB@Cr jcvrt voeg qlgcbs rteto`ont'

    ln Cndrtvceg bmenho9 bvvont rctetcln end qvlrqobtr' er e

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    19/28

    TmoBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbm

    enhocnOuvlqo

    58

    zcrctcnh bevd jlv tmo nox flds' fobero nlflds knox xmet

    ct xer hlcnh tl dl.

    Tekcnh mcr cnrqcvetcln jvl` tmo cnnlzetczo Rxodcrm jlv`ov

    BOL lj Zlgzl' Qomv Hsggonme``ev' @v Zen Covrog rot lt en

    ehonde jlv doegcnh xctm cndrtvceg bmenho. _ntcg 51 soevr

    ehl' tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln xer nlt cntovortod cn cndr

    tvceg qlgcbs. Tmo o`qmercr xer ln `lnotevs ncln end

    `ebvloblnl`cb qlgcbcor. Et tmo tc`o tmovo xer nlt `bm

    cntovort cn robtlveg bmenho lv zego bmecnr. Lvchcneggs' tmo

    Bl``crrcln xer qvc`evcgs e gohcrgetczo flds' mo o}qgecnr.

    Vgor xovo honoveggs eqqgcod ebvlrr robtlvr' vohevdgorr

    lj dcjjovont blndctclnr.

    Ft xctm tmo edzont lj tmo 65rt bontvs' bmenho fobe`o e

    dl`cnent crro ensxes. Xo rtevtod lv xlvk hvedeggs. Xo

    hlt zovs jox ljjcbceg vouortr jvl` tmo Bl``crrcln. Ct xer e

    qov`enont' qmcgg jchmt' mo vobeggr.

    Cn 611:' @v Zen Covrog fobe`o qvorcdont' end koqt q tmo

    `l`ont` lj vojlv`. Tmo BB@C fobe`o cnbvoercnhgs ebtczo

    cn genbmcnh ctr lxn cnctcetczor. Xo cdontcjcod crror' end lvrtvetohs xer tl jcgg tmo qlgcbs heqr. End tmo voqtetcln lj tmo

    BB@C bmenhod' mo nltor.

    Tmo `o`fovr gcko tmo xlvk fobero ct cr zovs blnbvoto. Ctr

    nlt efrtvebt. Ct rqoekr eflt dozoglq`ontr ln tmo rmlq

    jgllv' cn jebtlvcor end geflvetlvcor end tmo xlvgd et gevho.

    Tmo BB@C cr `lvo frcnorrgcko tmen ctr qevont flds' endgllkr gorr qlgctcbeg' bgec`r @v Zen Covrog. Xo xlvk blnronr

    eggs. End et cndrtvcegrobtlv gozog' er cn bl`qencor' hottcnh

    ehvoo`ont fotxoon `eneho`ont end xlvkovr cr tmo fort

    xes. Tmos fltm rmevo en cntovort cn crror gcko V*D end dozog

    lq`ont' oevncnh beqebcts' end rkcggr end tvecncnh. C e` jev

    jvl` tmo vetmov lt`ldod zcoxr ln tmo lqqlrctcln fotxoon

    xlvkovr end o`qglsovr.

    Cn tmo nox' zovs dsne`cb xlvgd' egg gesovr lj `eneho

    `ont end o`qglsoor evo doqondont ln oebm ltmov.

    Tmos noborrevcgs nood tl c`qvlzo blndctclnr jlv xlvkcnh

    tlhotmov. Lv qlcnt lj zcox cr tmet bmenho cr tmo vgo lj tmo

    des. Tmovojlvo' gohcrgetcln rmlgd fo jlbrod ln bmenho.

    Ct cr qeve`lnt tl kooq e moegtms jtvo jlv cndrtvs' rov

    zcbor end zego bmecnr. Xo tvs tl rrtecn tmo Bl``crrcln end

    Blnbcg cn tekcnh tmo vchmt dcvobtcln' ferod ln e blntcnlr

    bsbgo lj bmenho. Tmetr tmo lngs xes jlv Ovlqo tl rvzczo cn

    e xlvgd tmetr zovs bl`qotctczo ln qvldbtcln' tobmnlglhs'

    rkcggr end uegcts.

    Tmo BB@C vo`ecnr e gcttgo fct lj e rtvenho enc`eg cn Fvrrogr'ft rtvenho cn e zovs qlrctczo xes.

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    20/28

    5=

    TmoBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbm

    enhocnOuvlqo

    Bmeqtov 2Xochmcnh tmo fonojctr ejtov e dobedo

    Tmo BB@Cr eqqvlebm cr jlvxevdgllkcnh' cntohvetod end

    dsne`cb' ec`cnh tl fvcnh dcjjovont ebtlvr tlhotmov tl qvl

    `lto rrtecnefgo cndrtvceg bmenho xctmlt de`eho tl ens

    qevt lj rlbcots.

    Ctr qmcglrlqms cr r``od q cn e 611? lqcncln ln Vortvbtvcnh end o`qgls`ont9 Tmo Bl``crrcln jcv`gs fogcozor

    tmet vortvbtvcnh `rt nlt fo rsnlns`lr xctm rlbceg

    dobgcno end e glrr lj oblnl`cb rfrtenbo. Ln tmo blntvevs'

    vortvbtvcnh ben ndovqcn oblnl`cb end rlbceg qvlhvorr

    ft lngs cj rbm `oervor evo blvvobtgs entcbcqetod

    Lzov tmo gert dobedo' tmo BB@C mer jgjcggod e rojg vlgo9

    vecrcnh exevonorr lj tmo nood tl qvorovzo e rlnd cndrtvcegfero cn Ovlqo' end tl entcbcqeto bmenho rl tmet ct cr gorr

    qecnjg jlv cndczcdegr end bl``nctcor. Cndood' rl`o res

    tmo dcjjovonbo fotxoon vortvbtvcnh end cndrtvceg bmenho

    cr tmet xmovoer tmo jcvrt cr en nrtlqqefgo tvecn tmet vnr sl

    lzov' tmo roblnd ben fo qgennod end `enehod' jlv o}e`qgo

    tmvlhm rlbceg dceglho.

    Cn qevtcbgev' tmo BB@C mer rbboodod cn mchmgchmtcnh c`qlvtent robtlvr tmet xovo focnh nohgobtod fs tmo Ovlqoen

    Bl``crrcln' resr @v Hcfoggcovc' rbm er tmo `otegxlvkcnh

    cndrtvs' xmcbm xer nlt e qvclvcts jlv tmo O_. Xo mogqod

    ct tl o`ovho' mo resr. Cn 611=' e BB@C lqcncln ln Bl`qotc

    tczonorr lj tmo `otegr cndrtvcor qlcntod lt tmet tmcr robtlv

    qgesod en c`qlvtent vlgo cn tmo zego bmecn lj `bm Ovl

    qoen `enjebtvcnh' end vhod cnzort`ont cn cnnlzetcln

    xmcgo' et tmo re`o tc`o' tekcnh bevo lj onzcvln`onteg end

    rlbceg c`qebtr.

    Jlbrcnh ln tmo @otegxlvkcnh cndrtvs cn 6151' tmo BB@C

    dvox ettontcln tl tmo 411 111 R@Or tmet `edo q tmo robtlv.

    Fobero lj tmcr rtvbtvo' tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln xer

    nlt zovs ettontczo' ehvoor @v Zen Covrog. Ft xo hlt ct tl

    rot q e mchmgozog hvlq ln tmo `oteg cndrtvs. Ct xer zovs

    `bm eqqvobcetod fs LVHEGC@O -tmo Ovlqoen Onhcnoovcnh

    Cndrtvcor Errlbcetcln#. Tmo Bl``crrcln egrl genbmod en

    ebtcln qgen tl qvl`lto otegxlvkcnh end tmo `oteg evtcbgorcndrtvcor.

    Tmo lrt c`qlvtent erqobt l tmo BB@Cr dozoglq`ontlzov tmo gert 51 soevr cr ctr hvlxcnh voblhnctcln er

    e rovclr qevtnov cn tmo dozoglq`ont l cndrtvcegqlgcbs. Ctr hvoetort rbborr mer foon tl voejv` tmoc`qlvtenbo l e robtlveg eqqvlebm tl cndrtvceg qlgcbs'do`lnrtvetod fs ctr xlvk cn tmo etl`lfcgo robtlv'lv cnrtenbo tl ne`o `ovogs tmo `lrt o`fgo`etcbo}e`qgo fobero l ctr c`qlvtenbo.

    Cn eddctcln' ongevho`ont cn 6114 egglxod lv eno}bmenho l o}qovconbo fotxoon tmo lgd end nox@o`fov Rtetor ln cndrtvceg vortvbtvcnh.

    Er qvorcdont' C vobegg cn qevtcbgev tmo o}boggont vogetclnrxctm tmo lv`ov `o`fovr l tmo OBRB BlnrgtetczoBl``cttoo dvcnh tmo nohltcetclnr tl fvcnh tmo` cntltmo OORB end xmon tmo BB@C bl`qgotod ctr `crrclnl cntohvetcnh tmo` cntl tmo OORBr lzovegg cndrtvcegqlgcbs ebtczctcor.

    Ilrgs Qcotto' Jcvrt Qvorcdont l tmo BB@C

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    21/28

    Tm

    oBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbm

    enhocnOuvlqo

    53

    E nox cndrtvceg ove

    Tmo bmenhcnh cndrtvceg jve`oxlvk hon

    ovetod bvcrcr cn tvedctclneg cndrtvcor

    gcko rmcqfcgdcnh' xmovo tmo ond lj

    netclneg rfrcdcor god tl tmo bglr

    vo lj `ens bl`qencor. Tmo ove

    lj rqqlvt jlv jecgcnh robtlvr xer

    lzov' end tmo BB@C xer gllkcnh

    tl fvcnh eflt e nox ove' `lvo

    lqon tl tmo vort lj tmo xlvgd.

    Cn e 6151 lqcncln ln tmo Ovl

    qoen rmcqfcgdcnh cndrtvs ctqvlqlrod tmo ro lj Ovlqoen

    Cnzort`ont Fenk jndr tl qvl

    `lto hvoon tobmnlglhcor end

    bgoen tvenrqlvt cn tmo robtlv. Tmcr

    xer rqqgo`ontod cn 6155 fs en

    eddctclneg lqcncln ln Rteto ecd tl

    rmcqfcgdcnh.

    Tmo BB@C mer tvnod ctr ettontcln tl e

    xcdo venho lj ltmov robtlvr' cnbgdcnh rov

    zcbor' bo`ont' mlromlgd eqqgcenbor' votecg' end

    hgerr end bove`cbr.

    Cn 6151' ct qfgcrmod en lqcncln ln tmo qvcntcnh cndrtvs'

    jlgglxod q fs tmo Qfgcrmcnh ln tmo @lzo blnjovonbo

    cn Nlzo`fov 6155. Tmo bvoetczo cndrtvcor be`o ndovrbvtcns et e qfgcb moevcnh cn Zegonbce' Rqecn' jlgglxod fs

    en lqcncln. Cn Dobo`fov 6155' ct xer tmo tvn lj fenkcnh'

    xctm e qfgcb moevcnh' e rtds o}e`cncnh Xmet bmenhor

    jlv Ovlqor fenkcnh robtlv xctm tmo nox jcnenbceg vgor

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    22/28

    61

    Tm

    oBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbm

    enhocnOuvlqo

    Xo evo gllkcnh et nox robtlvr9 CT' ogobtvcbeg bevr' bmo`cbeg

    cndrtvcor resr @v Hglvco}. Tmovo evo rl`o robtlvr tmet

    qolqgo fogcozo evo irt jlv jn' gcko `ltlvbsbgor. Ft Ovlqo

    mer e hlld qlrctcln' end xo nood tl kooq tmoro cndrtvcor

    cn Ovlqo. Xo bennlt votecn egg tmo moezs cndrtvs' ft er

    jev er nox tobmnlglhcor evo blnbovnod' tmos evo lj hvoet

    c`qlvtenbo.

    Cn Eqvcg' tmo BB@C bl`qgotod e nox lqcncln ln bllqove

    tczor' end xcgg mlgd e blnjovonbo cn Bsqvr tl blcnbcdo xctm

    tmo 6156 _nctod Netclnr Cntovnetclneg Soev lj Bllqovetczor.

    @v Qohedl Gcy qlcntr lt tmet bllqovetczor mezo foon mct

    gorr mevd fs tmo bvcrcr' end tmo rlbceg oblnl`s `es ljjov

    xlvtmxmcgo rlgtclnr jlv tmo jtvo. Ct cr egrl en o}e`qgo ljmlx tmo BB@C cr tvscnh tl fvledon tmo tvedctclneg vogetcln

    rmcq fotxoon xlvkovr end o`qglsovr cn e qlrctczo xes.

    Mezcnh en c`qebt

    En ozegetcln lj tmo c`qebt lj 6? lxncnctcetczo lqcnclnr

    jvl` 611= tl 6155 bgoevgs do`lnrtvetod mlx tmo Ovlqoen

    Bl``crrcln end ltmov fldcor qes ettontcln tl tmo BB@Cr

    vobl``ondetclnr cn qvrcnh tmocv lxn qlgctcbeg qlgcbs

    `ekcnh. Jlv o}e`qgo' tmo 6118 lqcncln ln tmo Ozlgtcln lj

    tmo etl`ltczo robtlv xer tmo fercr jlv tmo Bl``crrclnr

    dlb`ont ln doegcnh xctm bmenho cn tmo bev cndrtvs' end

    qvoqevetclnr jlv tmo `cdtov` vozcox lj tmo BEVR 65 qvl

    hve``o' ec`od et rezcnh Ovlqor bvbceg `ltlv cndrtvs'

    cn 6113.

    Cn 611=' en lqcncln ln Dozoglq`ontr cn tmo votecg cndrtvsend tmo c`qebt ln rqqgcovr end blnr`ovr med e xcdo

    c`qebt' tekon q fs `ens O_ doqevt`ontr end robtlveg

    rtekomlgdovr' cnbgdcnh Oveto}' tmo Ovlqoen Eqqevog end

    To}tcgo Lvhencretcln.

    Ezcetcln cr en c`qlvtent robtlv

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    23/28

    Tm

    oBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbm

    enhocnOuvlqo

    65

    Cn egg' tmo vozcox rmlxod tmet tmo Ovlqoen

    Bl``crrcln rod tmvoo lqcnclnr tl

    qvoqevo ctr lxn qlgcbs dlb`ontr'

    jlv blntvcftod tl netclneg lv

    glbeg qvlhve``or lv qcglt qvl

    iobtr' 5= xovo ebbl`qencod

    fs moevcnhr' blnjovonbor lv

    ro`cnevr' end rc} honovetod

    `odce ettontcln.

    Egtmlhm tmo OORBr Rcnhgo

    @evkot' Qvldbtcln end

    Blnr`qtcln robtcln -CNT#

    egrl qvoqevor lqcnclnr lncndrtvceg qlgcbs' tmo BB@C

    qvorontr ctr jcndcnhr cn e `lvo

    dsne`cb end qvlebtczo xes'

    jlbrcnh egxesr ln tmo dvczo jlv

    bmenho. Er lno lfrovzov qtr ct9

    CNT doegr `lvo xctm vgor' xmovoer

    tmo BB@C doegr xctm dsne`cbr.

    Tmo xes tl dl ct

    Tmo zevcots lj xesr cn xmcbm tmo BB@C xlvkr cr lno lj ctr

    rtvonhtmr. Ln rl`o lbberclnr ct `ekor ro lj rtdcor bev

    vcod lt fs ltrcdo o}qovtr' xctm e rmlvt qeqov dvexcnh

    blnbgrclnr.

    Tmet qtr r cn e rtvlnh qlrctcln' fobero xo evo fercnh lv

    lqcnclnr ln voroevbm. Tmcr cr e zovs hlld otmld' end mogqr

    tmo OORB tl vocnjlvbo ctr qlrctcln cn tmo O_ cnrtcttclnr' resr

    @v Zen Covrog.

    Cn 611?' jlv o}e`qgo' tmo BB@C qfgcrmod en cnjlv`etcln

    voqlvt ln tmo O_r nox bmo`cbegr gohcrgetcln knlxn fs ctr

    ebvlns` VOEBM. Cn Roqto`fov 611:' en c`qlvtent voqlvt

    jlbrod ln voglbetcln xmcbm xer' et tmet tc`o' er @v Qcottoqlcntod lt' e mchmgs bmevhod' ljton o`ltczo crro.

    Ct blnbgdod tmet tmovo xer nl

    ehvood dojcnctcln lj voglbetcln

    end nl bl`qevefgo dete'

    `ekcnh ct c`qlrrcfgo tl qvo

    ront e tvo qcbtvo ebvlrr

    Ovlqo.

    Rl tmo BB@C bl``cr

    rclnod o}qovtr tl bevvs

    lt rtetcrtcbeg voroevbm'xmcbm dcd `bm tl egovt

    tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln tl

    tmo hvezcts lj tmo rctetcln. Ct

    ettvebtod xcdorqvoed ettontcln.

    Cn 611=' tmo BB@C mogd tmvoo qfgcb

    moevcnhr cn Gifgiene' Fdeqort end Rljce'

    tl o}e`cno oblnl`cb dozoglq`ont cn tmo51 nox @o`fov Rtetor' vorgtcnh cn tmo qfgcbetcln

    lj e Bl`qevcrln lj cndrtvceg tvenrjlv`etcln `ldogr. Cn

    tmo re`o soev' ct qfgcrmod jcndcnhr ln Tmo jtvo lj tmo

    to}tcgo' bgltmcnh end jlltxoev robtlvr cn Ovlqo' jlgglxcnh

    ln jvl` en lqcncln ln tmo to}tcgo end bgltmcnh cndrtvs

    cn 6114. Tmcr c`qlvtent robtlv med rjjovod e de`ehcnh

    dobgcno cn Ovlqo do qevtgs tl tmo c`qlvt lj bmoeq bgltmcnh

    jvl` tmo Jev Oert end ogroxmovo. Tmo voqlvt ljjovod voeg qvl

    rqobtr jlv bmenho end vonoxeg.

    Eg`lrt egg lqcnclnr evo qvobodod fs moevcnhr lv ro`cnevr

    xmovo rtekomlgdovr evo cnzctod tl hczo tmocv zcoxr. N`ovlr

    `ootcnhr mezo tekon qgebo cn Fvrrogr end cn tlxnr end

    bctcor evlnd tmo O_. Rtds hvlq `ootcnhr ln rqobcjcb rob

    tlvr egrl teko qgebo cn @o`fov Rtetor. Tmo BB@C dodcbetor

    `bm lj ctr tc`o tl jlgglxcnh q lqcnclnr' tmvlhm vlnd

    tefgor end ltmov ozontr' ljton cn qevtnovrmcq xctm tmoO_ Qvorcdonbs blntvs.

    Tmo BB@C gckor tl hl glbeg

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    24/28

    66

    Tm

    oBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbm

    enhocnOuvlqo

    BB@C `etovcegr evo tvenrgetod cntl egg O_ genhehor end dcr

    tvcftod tmvlhm robtlveg lvhencretclnr' xmovo tmos nlt lngs

    do`lnrtveto tmo fonojctr lj dcrbrrcln end bl`qvl`cro'

    ft egrl mezo en odbetclneg vlgo.

    O}bmenho lj cdoer

    Fobero tmo OORB end BB@C evo gorr jlv`eg fldcor' tmos ben

    dl tmcnhr tmo Ovlqoen Bl``crrcln bennlt. Qolqgo joog

    `lvo et oero end evo `lvo voeds tl dcrbrr tmocv cdoer end

    o}bmenho zcoxr jvoogs end rqlntenolrgs.

    Jlv o}e`qgo' xctmcn tmo jve`oxlvk lj ctr Hlcnh glbeg jlgglxq tl tmo O_ 6161 rtvetohs' tmo BB@C tllk qevt cn txl

    jebtjcndcnh `crrclnr9 tl Xevrex' Qlgend cn Ino 6155 end

    @edvcd' Rqecn cn Lbtlfov 6155. Cn Xevrex' ebtczctcor bontvod

    ln e lnoendemegj des vlnd tefgo' tl hetmov tmo zcoxr lj

    glbeg cndrtvceg qlgcbs rtekomlgdovr.

    Tmo vorgtcnh voqlvt o}e`cnod cn dotecg tmo `ecn joetvor lj

    tmo Qlgcrm oblnl`s end cndrtvs' blzovcnh crror gcko rlbcegdceglho' vohclneg hvlxtm' jlvochn cnzort`ont' V*D end

    cnnlzetcln' onovhs qlgcbs' geflv qvldbtczcts end R@Or'

    xctm rbbcnbt blnbgrclnr. Tmo O_ 6161 rtvetohs cr rl`o

    tc`or roon er en egcon qeqov bl`cnh jvl` Fvrrogr end nlt

    onlhm er e ilcnt ondoezlv lj tmo O_' ct xevnod.

    Cn Rqecn' tmo BB@C jlnd e blntvs qevtcbgevgs mevd mct fs

    tmo jegglt jvl` tmo oblnl`cb bvcrcr. E uortclnnecvo xer

    ront lt cn edzenbo lj e roblnd vlnd tefgo tl errorr tmo

    vojlv` qvlborr. Tmo dofeto blzovod vobont dozoglq`ontr

    cn oblnl`cb end cndrtvceg qlgcbs' qgr jlvochn cnzort`ont'

    ebborr tl `evkotr' R@Or' cnjvertvbtvo end m`en beqcteg.

    Egg rtekomlgdovr orqobceggs frcnorror' mezo qvlzod tmocv

    jgg rqqlvt jlv Ovlqoen zegor end cntovortr end tmocv bl`

    `ct`ont tl tmo hlegr lj bl`qotctczonorr end hvlxtm jlv

    Rqencrm cndrtvs' cn gcno xctm tmo lfiobtczor lj tmo O_ 6161

    rtvetohs' voqlvtod tmo BB@C dogohetcln.

    Er vohevdr cndrtvceg vortvbtvcnh' vobeggr @v Qcotto' tmo

    BB@C' oevgs cn ctr o}crtonbo' ortefgcrmod vogetclnr xctm Bmcne

    xmcbm qezod tmo xes jlv e gevho dogohetcln tl ndovteko en

    cntonrczo end jvctjg rtds zcrct jlbrcnh ln rtoog ekcnh' jlg

    glxod tmo no}t soev fs tmo evvczeg lj e Bmcnoro dogohetcln cn

    Ovlqo.

    Cndood' fcgetoveg bllqovetcln hlt ndov xes cn Igs 6116'

    end tmo zcrct tllk qgebo cn Roqto`fovLbtlfov 6114' tvezog

    gcnh tl Focicnh' Gcelncnh Qvlzcnbo end Rmenhmec. Tmo 56`en

    BB@C dogohetcln' god fs @v Qcotto' rtdcod mlx Bmcner bon

    tvegcrod oblnl`cb qgenncnh vorqlndod tl tmo bmeggonhor lj

    Tmo BB@C rtdcod vortvbtvcnh cn Bmcne

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    25/28

    Tm

    oBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbm

    enhocnOuvlqo

    62

    cndrtvceg vortvbtvcnh end `ldovncretcln' onzcvln`onteg

    qvltobtcln end rlbceg xogjevo. Ct blnbgdod tmet fltm rcdor

    xovo bl``cttod tl c`qgo`ontcnh bmenho cn e rlbceggs

    ebboqtefgo xes.

    Dogczovcnh e fottov jtvo

    Tmo BB@C xer egrl ucbk tl eqqvobceto tmo onzcvln onteg

    c`qebt lj cndrtvs' end tmcr erqobt cr blzovod cn `ens lj ctr

    lqcnclnr. Tmo mcrtlvs lj tmo BB@C blcnbcdor xctm tmet lj tmo

    Ovlqoen qvliobt' qlcntr lt Bgedo Vlgcn' RobvotevsHonoveg

    lj tmo Foghcen tvedo ncln jodovetcln tmo BRB end e `o`fov

    lj tmo BB@C fvoe. Tl`lvvlxr cndrtvcor xcgg fo hvoonov

    end `lvo glxbevfln. Ct cr `lvo orrontceg tmen ozov tl qvo

    qevo jlv tmcr bmenho. Tmo BB@C `rt fo efgo tl blntvcfto

    tmvlhm cdontcjscnh tmo qetmr tl teko tlxevdr e fottov jtvo

    e jtvo tmet xcgg onefgo honovetclnr tl bl`o tl joog jggs

    end blggobtczogs Ovlqoen.

    @v Qohedl Gcy' voo`qmercrcnh tmo bvbceg vlgo lj tmo

    BB@C' eddr tmet rl`o lqovetclneg c`qvlzo`ontr blgd fo

    `edo' tl onefgo ct tl vorqlnd ozon fottov tl tmo o}qobt

    etclnr lj fltm O_ cnrtcttclnr end rtekomlgdovr end qevt

    novr tmvlhmlt cndrtvs. Ft xo cntond tl dl tmet cn e zovs

    qevtcbcqetczo xes' rtevtcnh jvl` zovs blnbvoto o}e`qgor ende zovs qveh`etcb' nlt tmolvotcbeg eqqvlebm.

    E dobedo ehl' cndrtvs roo`od tl fo e tmcnh lj tmo qert.

    Ft tmvlhmlt tmo oblnl`cb bvcrcr' blntvcor xctm e `lvo

    rlgcd cndrtvceg fero' gcko Hov`ens' mezo rjjovod gorr' xmcgo

    tmlro xctm rovzcboferod oblnl`cor mezo rtvhhgod. Tmo

    gorrln rhhortr tmet tmo O_ rmlgd nlt nohgobt tmo cndr

    tvsr c`qlvtenbo cn rrtecncnh xoggfocnh cn rlbcots. Nlx' erct eqqgcor tmet gorrln' tmo BB@C cr `lvo c`qlvtent tmen ozov

    cn mogqcnh tl tvenrjlv` Ovlqo cntl e dsne`cb' `ldovn end

    mchmrkcggod cndrtvceg rlbcots.

    Qmltl bvodctr

    Qeho 5Zcrblunt Dezchnln

    Qehor 6' ?' :' =' 51' 56' 5?' 53' 61' 65' 6662Ouvlqoen Oblnl`cb end Rlbceg Bl``cttoo

    Qehor 55' 52' 54' 5:

    Keto Mlg`en

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    26/28

    64

    Tm

    oBB@C9edobedoljcndurtvcegbmenhocnOuvlqo

    BB@C LQCNCLNR END VOQLVTRBB@C,115 Enneg rtetcrtcbr ln rtoog 61126113 6:,12,6112

    BB@C,116 Cndrtvceg bmenho9 bvvont rctetcln end qvlrqobtr 64,13,6112

    BB@C,11? Ovlqoen dojonbo Cndrtvceg end `evkot crror 64,13,6112

    BB@C,11: Oblnl`cb dczovrcjcbetcln cn tmo ebbodcnh blntvcor tmo vlgo

    lj R@Or end rlbceg oblnl`s ontovqvcror 25,12,6114

    BB@C,118 Tmo voqovbrrclnr lj tvedo qlgcbs ln cndrtvceg bmenho' xctm

    rqobceg vojovonbo tl tmo rtoog robtlv 6=,14,6114

    BB@C,11= Ln tmo vled tl rrtecnefgo qvldbtcln Qvlhvorr cn

    c`qgo`ontcnh cntohvetod qlggtcln qvozontcln end blntvlg

    51,56,6112

    BB@C,113 Tmo jtvo lj tmo to}tcgor end bgltmcnh robtlv cn tmo ongevhod

    O_ 21,1:,6114

    BB@C,151 Tmo c`qgcbetclnr lj qvlqlrod bmo`cbegr gohcrgetcln -VOEBM#

    51,16,611?

    BB@C,155 GoedovRMCQ 615? Dojcncnh tmo Jtvo lj tmo Ovlqoen

    Rmcqfcgdcnh end Voqecv Cndrtvs 21,1:,6114

    BB@C,156 Cndrtvceg bmenho end rteto ecd cn tmo cvln end rtoog robtlv

    68,51,6114

    BB@C,152 Cndrtvceg bmenho end oblnl`cb' rlbceg end tovvctlvceg blmorcln

    21,1:,6114

    BB@C,154 Rblqo end ojjobtr lj bl`qens voglbetclnr 54,18,611?

    BB@C,15? Rbconbo end tobmnlglhs' tmo kos tl Ovlqor jtvo

    5?,56,6114

    BB@C,158 Jlrtovcnh rtvbtveg bmenho9 en cndrtvceg qlgcbs jlv en ongevhod

    Ovlqo 5?,56,6114

    BB@C,15= Tmo Qovrqobtczor lj Ovlqoen Bleg end Rtoog Voroevbm

    52,18,611?BB@C,153 Rlbceg dceglho end o`qglsoo qev tcbcqetcln 63,13,611?

    BB@C,161 Cndrtvceg bmenho cn tmo obmencbeg onhcnoovcnh robtlv

    55,1?,611?

    BB@C,165 Cndrtvceg bmenho cn tmo O_ end Bmcne gorrlnr goevnt jvl` tmo

    bllqovetcln fotxoon tmo OORB end ctr Bmcnoro blntovqevt

    13,16,611?

    BB@C,162 Tmo `eneho`ont lj cndrtvceg bmenho cn bvlrrflvdov vohclnr

    jlgglxcnh O_ ongevho`ont 65,14,611:

    BB@C,164 Tmo ojjobtr lj cntovnetclneg ehvoo`ontr tl vodbo hvoonmlro

    her o`crrclnr ln tmo cndrtvceg bmenho qvlborror cn Ovlqo

    61,14,611:

    BB@C,16? Tmo vlgo lj tobmnlglhs qevkr cn tmo cndrtvceg tvenrjlv`etcln

    lj tmo nox O_ @o`fov Rtetor 54,56,611?

    BB@C,168 Vortvbtvcnh end o`qgls`ont 54,56,611?

    BB@C,16= Vcrkr end qvlfgo`r errlbcetod xctm tmo rqqgs lj vex etovcegr

    tl Ovlqoen cndrtvs 1?,18,611:

    BB@C,163 Rrtecnefgo dozoglq`ont end cndrtvceg bmenho 54,13,611:

    BB@C,121 E robtlveg rvzos lj voglbetcln 54,13,611:

    BB@C,125 Tovvctlvceg hlzovnenbo lj cndrtvceg bmenho 52,13,611:

    BB@C,126 @ldovn cndrtvceg qlgcbs e robtlveg eqqvlebm 52,56,611:

    BB@C,124 Tmo blntvcftcln lj CTrqqlvtod gcjoglnh goevncnh tl Ovlqoen

    bl`qotctczonorr' cndrtvceg bmenho end rlbceg beqcteg

    dozoglq`ont 52,13,611:

    BB@C,12? Rovzcbor end Ovlqoen `enjebtvcnh cndrtvcor 52,13,611:

    BB@C,12: Ortefgcrmcnh tmo Ovlqoen Hglfegcretcln Edirt`ont Jnd

    52,13,611:

    BB@C,128 Zego end rqqgs bmecn tvondr cn e Ovlqoen end hglfeg

    blnto}t 6?,14,6118

    BB@C,12= Cnnlzetcln9 C`qebt ln cndrtvceg bmenho end tmo vlgo lj OCF

    55,18,6118

    BB@C,123 Tmo dozoglq`ont lj tmo Ovlqoen bmo`cbeg cndrtvs

    6:,13,6118

    BB@C,141 Dozoglq`ontr cn tmo Ovlqoen bo`ont cndrtvs 52,56,6118

    BB@C,145 Tmo dozoglq`ont lj tmo Ovlqoen to}tcgo end jlltxoev

    cndrtvs 52,16,611=BB@C,146 Rc`qgcjcbetcln lj tmo vohgetlvs jve`oxlvk eqqgcbefgo tl tmo

    cndrtvs rfrobtlv lj ebmcnor 6:,13,6118

    BB@C,142 Hglfeg tvedo cntohvetcln end ltrlvbcnh 6:,13,6118

    BB@C,144 C`qebt lj tmo tovvctlvcegcts lj te} gex ln cndrtvceg bmenho

    52,56,6118

    BB@C,14? C`qebt lj Ovlqoen onzcvln`onteg vgor ln cndrtvceg bmenho

    56,56,6118

    BB@C,14: E Bl`qotctczo Etl`ltczo Vohgetlvs Jve`oxlvk jlv tmo

    65rt Bontvs 52,56,6118

    BB@C,148 Tmo Ovlqoen eovlnetcbr cndrtvs 12,56,611=

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    27/28

    BB@C,14= Ovlqoen rqebo qlgcbs 52,16,611=

    BB@C,143 C`qebt lj qvczeto oucts' modho end rlzovochn xoegtmjndr

    ln cndrtvceg bmenho 1?,55,6113

    BB@C,1?1 Dozoglq`ontr cn tmo votecg cndrtvs 12,56,611=

    BB@C,1?5 Qovrqobtczor lj Ovlqoen Bleg end Rtoog Voroevbm 52,16,611=

    BB@C,1?6 C`qebt lj tmo lnhlcnh dozoglq`ont lj onovhs evkotrln cndrtvceg zego bmecnr cn Ovlqo 5=,13,611=

    BB@C,1?2 Rtvbtveg end blnboqteg bmenho er e qvovoucrcto jlv

    e hglfeggs bl`qotctczo knlxgodho end voroevbmferod

    Ovlqoen cndrtvceg blnrtvbt 66,51,611=

    BB@C,1?4 Tmo vortvbtvcnh end ozlgtcln lj tmo mlromlgd eqqgcenbo

    cndrtvs 66,51,611=

    BB@C,1?? Cndrtvceg bmenho' tovvctlvceg dozoglq`ont end blvqlveto

    vorqlnrcfcgcts 12,56,611=

    BB@C,1?: Nlnonovhs cncnh cndrtvs cn Ovlqo 13,18,611=

    BB@C,1?8 Bl`qotctczonorr lj tmo otegr cndrtvcor 12,56,611=

    BB@C,1?= Cnnlzetczo end rrtecnefgo jlvortferod cndrtvcor 12,56,611=

    BB@C,1?3 Tmo bl`qlnontr end dlxnrtvoe` `evkotr lj tmo etl`ltczo

    robtlv 5:,18,6113

    BB@C,1:1 Tmo vex `etovcegr cnctcetczo 52,1?,6113

    BB@C,1:6 C`qebt lj tmo bgc`eto end onovhs qebkeho ln rogobtod

    Ovlqoen _ncln cndrtvcor 5:,18,6113

    BB@C,1:2 Ovlqoen Hglfegcretcln Edirt`ont Jnd 64,12,6113

    BB@C,1:4 Mlx tl rqqlvt R@Or cn edeqtcnh tl hglfeg evkot bmenhor

    5:,56,6113

    BB@C,1:? Tmo c`qebt lj tmo hglfeg bvcrcr ln tmo `ecn Ovlqoen

    `enjebtvcnh end rovzcbor robtlvr 21,13,6113

    BB@C,1:: Mlx jgo}cbvcts blgd fo rod cn tmo vortvbtvcnh blnnobtod

    tl hglfeg dozoglq`ont 15,51,6113

    BB@C,1:8 Vorqlndcnh tl tmo bvcrcr cn tmo Ovlqoen etl`ltczo cndrtvs

    52,1?,6113BB@C,1:= @etbmcnh rkcggr tl tmo noodr lj cndrtvs end ozlgzcnh rovzcbor

    58,16,6151

    BB@C,1:3 Ovlqoen rmcqfcgdcnh cndrtvs 63,14,6151

    BB@C,181 Cndrtvceg bmenho end qvlrqobtr jlv tmo ltlvbsbgo cndrtvs

    cn Ovlqo 5=,12,6151

    BB@C,185 Ovlqoen ezcetcln vogcoj qvlhve``o 58,56,6113

    BB@C,186 Ovlqoen tobmnlglhs' cndrtvceg end rbconbo qevkr 54,18,6151

    BB@C,182 Tlxevdr en O_ qlgcbs tl vetclnegcro tmo xof ljjrot end

    vltlhvezvo qvcntcnh cndrtvs cn Ovlqo 54,18,6151

    BB@C,184 _nglbkcnh tmo qltontceg lj bgtveg end bvoetczo cndrtvcor

    65,51,6151

    BB@C,18? Bmenhor end qvlrqobtr jlv tmo `otegxlvkcnh cndrtvcor

    65,51,6151

    BB@C,18: Bmenhor end qvlrqobtr jlv tmo to}tcgo rovzcbor rfrobtlv

    cn Ovlqo 54,18,6151BB@C,188 Tmo o`qgls`ont c qebt lj cndrtvceg bmenho berod fs

    oblglhcbeg' onovhs end bgc`etovogetod bmeggonhor 5?,18,6151

    BB@C,18= Ebborr tl roblndevs vex etovcegr 5:,16,6155

    BB@C,183 O_ bvcrcr o}ct rtvetohcor end cndrtvceg bmenho 52,18,6155

    BB@C,1=1 Ehvcbgtveg ebmcnovs' blnrtvbtcln end mendgcnh oucq`ont

    14,1?,6155

    BB@C,1=5 Tmo o}tovneg dc`onrcln lj Ovlqoen cndrtvceg qlgcbs

    14,1?,6155

    BB@C,1=6 Tmcvd blntvs rtetolxnod ontovqvcror cn O_ qfgcb

    qvlbvo`ont evkotr 14,1?,6155

    BB@C,1=2 En cndrtvceg qlgcbs jlv tmo hglfegcrod ove 14,1?,6155

    BB@C,1=4 Blnbcg Vohgetcln ln Rteto ecd tl jebcgcteto tmo bglrvo

    lj nbl`qotctczo bleg cnor 1=,56,6151

    BB@C,1=? Rteto ecd tl rmcqfcgdcnh 52,18,6155

    BB@C,1=: Tmo ojjobt lj tmo jcnenbceg end oblnl`cb bvcrcr ln tmo

    dcrtvcftcln lj geflv jlvbo e`lnh tmo qvldbtczo robtlvr'

    xctm e rqobceg vohevd tl R@Or 14,1?,6155

    BB@C,1=8 Tmo qvlborrcnh end o}qglctetcln' jlv oblnl`cb end

    onzcvln`onteg qvqlror' lj tmo cndrtvceg end cncnh xerto

    doqlrctr jvl` O_ 6:,51,6155

    BB@C,1== Lqqlvtnctcor end bmeggonhor jlv e `lvo bl`qotctczo Ovlqoen

    xlldxlvkcnh end jvnctvo robtlv 6:,51,6155

    BB@C,1=3 Tmo qovrqobtczor jlv rrtecnefgo o`qgls ont cn vecg' vlggcnh

    rtlbk end cnjve qvldbovr 68,51,6155

    BB@C,131 Cndrtvceg bmenho tl fcgd rrtecnefgo Onovhs CntonrczoCndrtvcor 1=,56,6155

    BB@C,135 Tebkgcnh tmo bmeggonhor cn bl``ldcts `evkotr end

    ln vex etovcegr 54,18,6155

    BB@C,136 Qfgcrmcnh ln tmo `lzo 6?,14,6156

    BB@C,132 Bllqovetczor end vortvbtvcnh 6?,14,6156

    BB@C,13: Ovlqoen Hglfegcretcln Edirt`ont Jnd 65,13,6155

    BB@C,138 Ovlqoen Hglfegcretcln Edirt`ont Jnd -61546161#

    66,16,6156

    BB@C,13= Bvoetczo Ovlqo Qvlhve``o 6=,12,6156

  • 7/31/2019 CCMI. A DECADE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE

    28/28

    Ovlqoen _ncln' 6156Voqvldbtcln cr etmlvcrod qvlzcdod tmo rlvbo cr ebknlxgodhod.

    Qufgcrmod fs9

    Zcrctr end Qfgcbetclnr _nctOORB61566:ON

    Jlv lvo cnjlv`etcln9

    bb`c6Aoorb.ovlqe.oTog. +26 6?4:32=3Je} +26 6?4:332=

    Tmcr fvlbmvo' qfgcrmod fs tmo Blnrgtetczo Bl``crrcln ln Cndrtvceg Bmenho -BB@C# l tmo Ovlqoen Oblnl`cb end RlbcegBl``cttoo -OORB#' ln tmo lbbercln l tmo BB@Cr 51tm ennczovrevs' cr e blntvcftcln tl tmo voobtcln ln bvvont dozoglq`ontrend tvo tvondr cn Ovlqoen cndrtvs. Ct egrl mogqr tl c`qvlzo xlvkcnh `otmldr ec`od et entcbcqetcnh bmenhor cn Ovlqoencndrtvs' end tl vorqlnd tl tmo rlbceg' oblnl`cb end onzcvln`onteg bmeggonhor ct ebor.

    Vo Foggcevd,Foggcevdrtveet 33

    5141 Fv}oggor,FvrrogFOGHCU_O,FOGHC

    xxx.oorb.ouvlqe.ou

    ON

    UO-25-56-::8-ON-BCRFN 38=-36-=21-5=88-2

    VOH.NL. FO -F]G-68

    Tmo OORB cr ln-gcno9xxx.oorb.ovlqe.o

    xxx.oorb.ovlqe.o,ebofllk,

    xxx.oorb.ovlqe.o,txcttov,

    xxx.oorb.ovlqe.o,sltfo,

    Enne @evce Dev`encnxxx.oorb.ovlqe.o,enne`evcedev`encn,

    Qvorcdontr Bl``ont

    xxx.oorb.ovlqe.o,rteenncgrrlnrbl``ont,

    dlc951.6=:4,:281


Recommended